ffi 1.9.18 → 1.9.21

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Files changed (366) hide show
  1. checksums.yaml +4 -4
  2. data/README.md +3 -2
  3. data/Rakefile +14 -3
  4. data/ext/ffi_c/AbstractMemory.c +6 -1
  5. data/ext/ffi_c/Platform.c +10 -2
  6. data/ext/ffi_c/extconf.rb +7 -2
  7. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi.bsd.mk +9 -3
  8. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi.darwin.mk +14 -4
  9. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi.gnu.mk +2 -1
  10. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi.mk +9 -4
  11. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/ChangeLog.libffi +2 -2
  12. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/{ChangeLog → ChangeLog.libffi-3.1} +1402 -2
  13. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/ChangeLog.v1 +1 -1
  14. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/LICENSE +1 -1
  15. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/Makefile.am +166 -157
  16. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/README +164 -52
  17. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/acinclude.m4 +381 -0
  18. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/autogen.sh +2 -0
  19. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/configure.ac +148 -256
  20. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/configure.host +265 -4
  21. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/doc/Makefile.am +3 -0
  22. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/doc/libffi.texi +430 -45
  23. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/doc/version.texi +4 -4
  24. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/generate-darwin-source-and-headers.py +207 -0
  25. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/include/Makefile.am +3 -3
  26. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/include/ffi.h.in +107 -50
  27. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/include/ffi_cfi.h +55 -0
  28. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/include/ffi_common.h +32 -11
  29. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/libffi.map.in +80 -0
  30. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/libffi.pc.in +3 -2
  31. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/libffi.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj +637 -0
  32. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/libtool-ldflags +106 -0
  33. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/libtool-version +1 -1
  34. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/m4/asmcfi.m4 +13 -0
  35. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/m4/ax_append_flag.m4 +69 -0
  36. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/m4/ax_cc_maxopt.m4 +13 -8
  37. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/m4/ax_cflags_warn_all.m4 +31 -104
  38. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/m4/{ax_check_compiler_flags.m4 → ax_check_compile_flag.m4} +30 -34
  39. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/m4/ax_compiler_vendor.m4 +32 -11
  40. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/m4/ax_enable_builddir.m4 +6 -5
  41. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/m4/ax_gcc_archflag.m4 +31 -21
  42. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/man/Makefile.am +2 -2
  43. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/man/ffi.3 +10 -0
  44. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/man/ffi_prep_cif.3 +6 -4
  45. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/man/ffi_prep_cif_var.3 +73 -0
  46. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/msvcc.sh +72 -9
  47. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/aarch64/ffi.c +941 -0
  48. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/aarch64/ffitarget.h +81 -0
  49. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/aarch64/internal.h +67 -0
  50. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/aarch64/sysv.S +438 -0
  51. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/alpha/ffi.c +335 -98
  52. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/alpha/ffitarget.h +10 -1
  53. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/alpha/internal.h +23 -0
  54. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/alpha/osf.S +161 -266
  55. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/arc/arcompact.S +135 -0
  56. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/arc/ffi.c +266 -0
  57. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/arc/ffitarget.h +53 -0
  58. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/arm/ffi.c +597 -517
  59. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/arm/ffitarget.h +24 -7
  60. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/arm/internal.h +7 -0
  61. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/arm/sysv.S +303 -417
  62. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/avr32/ffitarget.h +6 -1
  63. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/bfin/ffi.c +196 -0
  64. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/bfin/ffitarget.h +43 -0
  65. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/bfin/sysv.S +179 -0
  66. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/closures.c +319 -44
  67. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/cris/ffi.c +10 -7
  68. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/cris/ffitarget.h +6 -1
  69. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/debug.c +6 -1
  70. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/dlmalloc.c +16 -11
  71. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/frv/ffi.c +1 -1
  72. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/frv/ffitarget.h +6 -1
  73. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/ia64/ffi.c +11 -7
  74. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/ia64/ffitarget.h +6 -1
  75. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/java_raw_api.c +23 -5
  76. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/m32r/ffi.c +1 -1
  77. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/m32r/ffitarget.h +6 -1
  78. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/m68k/ffi.c +87 -13
  79. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/m68k/ffitarget.h +6 -1
  80. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/m68k/sysv.S +119 -32
  81. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/m88k/ffi.c +400 -0
  82. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/m88k/ffitarget.h +49 -0
  83. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/m88k/obsd.S +209 -0
  84. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/metag/ffi.c +330 -0
  85. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/{fficonfig.hw → src/metag/ffitarget.h} +22 -26
  86. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/metag/sysv.S +311 -0
  87. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/microblaze/ffi.c +321 -0
  88. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/microblaze/ffitarget.h +53 -0
  89. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/microblaze/sysv.S +302 -0
  90. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/mips/ffi.c +95 -28
  91. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/mips/ffitarget.h +9 -2
  92. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/mips/n32.S +126 -56
  93. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/mips/o32.S +148 -27
  94. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/moxie/eabi.S +55 -82
  95. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/moxie/ffi.c +40 -44
  96. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/moxie/ffitarget.h +52 -0
  97. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/nios2/ffi.c +304 -0
  98. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/nios2/ffitarget.h +52 -0
  99. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/nios2/sysv.S +136 -0
  100. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/or1k/ffi.c +328 -0
  101. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/or1k/ffitarget.h +58 -0
  102. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/or1k/sysv.S +107 -0
  103. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/pa/ffitarget.h +8 -1
  104. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/powerpc/aix.S +6 -6
  105. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/powerpc/aix_closure.S +3 -1
  106. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/powerpc/asm.h +2 -2
  107. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/powerpc/darwin.S +2 -7
  108. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/powerpc/darwin_closure.S +22 -26
  109. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/powerpc/ffi.c +103 -1378
  110. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/powerpc/ffi_darwin.c +25 -25
  111. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/powerpc/ffi_linux64.c +945 -0
  112. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/powerpc/ffi_powerpc.h +94 -0
  113. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/powerpc/ffi_sysv.c +923 -0
  114. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/powerpc/ffitarget.h +100 -44
  115. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/powerpc/linux64.S +100 -59
  116. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/powerpc/linux64_closure.S +360 -108
  117. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/powerpc/ppc_closure.S +138 -68
  118. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/powerpc/sysv.S +68 -112
  119. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/prep_cif.c +108 -24
  120. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/raw_api.c +18 -5
  121. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/s390/ffi.c +294 -318
  122. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/s390/ffitarget.h +9 -1
  123. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/s390/internal.h +11 -0
  124. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/s390/sysv.S +257 -366
  125. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/sh/ffi.c +4 -3
  126. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/sh/ffitarget.h +6 -1
  127. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/sh64/ffi.c +3 -2
  128. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/sh64/ffitarget.h +6 -1
  129. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/sparc/ffi.c +326 -527
  130. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/sparc/ffi64.c +608 -0
  131. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/sparc/ffitarget.h +20 -7
  132. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/sparc/internal.h +26 -0
  133. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/sparc/v8.S +364 -234
  134. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/sparc/v9.S +340 -207
  135. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/tile/ffi.c +355 -0
  136. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/tile/ffitarget.h +65 -0
  137. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/tile/tile.S +360 -0
  138. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/types.c +43 -14
  139. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/vax/elfbsd.S +195 -0
  140. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/vax/ffi.c +276 -0
  141. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/vax/ffitarget.h +49 -0
  142. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/x86/asmnames.h +30 -0
  143. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/x86/ffi.c +589 -500
  144. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/x86/ffi64.c +338 -116
  145. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/x86/ffitarget.h +55 -35
  146. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/x86/ffiw64.c +287 -0
  147. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/x86/internal.h +29 -0
  148. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/x86/internal64.h +22 -0
  149. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/x86/sysv.S +975 -400
  150. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/x86/unix64.S +398 -299
  151. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/x86/win64.S +222 -458
  152. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/x86/win64_intel.S +237 -0
  153. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/xtensa/ffi.c +298 -0
  154. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/xtensa/ffitarget.h +53 -0
  155. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/xtensa/sysv.S +253 -0
  156. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/stamp-h.in +1 -0
  157. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/Makefile.am +78 -73
  158. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/lib/libffi.exp +120 -25
  159. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/lib/target-libpath.exp +21 -1
  160. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/align_mixed.c +46 -0
  161. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/call.exp +4 -6
  162. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/{closure_stdcall.c → closure_simple.c} +7 -16
  163. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_12byte.c +4 -4
  164. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_16byte.c +4 -4
  165. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_18byte.c +4 -4
  166. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_19byte.c +4 -4
  167. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_1_1byte.c +4 -4
  168. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_20byte.c +4 -4
  169. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_20byte1.c +4 -4
  170. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_24byte.c +5 -5
  171. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_2byte.c +4 -4
  172. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_3_1byte.c +4 -4
  173. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_3byte1.c +4 -4
  174. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_3byte2.c +4 -4
  175. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_4_1byte.c +4 -4
  176. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_4byte.c +4 -4
  177. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_5_1_byte.c +4 -4
  178. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_5byte.c +4 -4
  179. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_64byte.c +5 -5
  180. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_6_1_byte.c +4 -4
  181. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_6byte.c +4 -4
  182. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_7_1_byte.c +4 -4
  183. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_7byte.c +4 -4
  184. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_8byte.c +4 -4
  185. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_9byte1.c +4 -4
  186. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_9byte2.c +4 -4
  187. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_align_double.c +4 -4
  188. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_align_float.c +4 -4
  189. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_align_longdouble.c +4 -4
  190. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_align_longdouble_split.c +4 -6
  191. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_align_longdouble_split2.c +4 -6
  192. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_align_pointer.c +4 -4
  193. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_align_sint16.c +4 -4
  194. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_align_sint32.c +4 -4
  195. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_align_sint64.c +4 -4
  196. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_align_uint16.c +4 -4
  197. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_align_uint32.c +4 -4
  198. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_align_uint64.c +4 -4
  199. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_dbls_struct.c +4 -4
  200. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_double_va.c +10 -9
  201. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_longdouble.c +3 -3
  202. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_longdouble_va.c +10 -9
  203. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_many_mixed_args.c +70 -0
  204. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_many_mixed_float_double.c +55 -0
  205. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_pointer.c +1 -1
  206. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_pointer_stack.c +11 -9
  207. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_struct_va1.c +114 -0
  208. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_uchar_va.c +44 -0
  209. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_uint_va.c +45 -0
  210. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_ulong_va.c +45 -0
  211. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_ulonglong.c +5 -5
  212. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/cls_ushort_va.c +44 -0
  213. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/err_bad_typedef.c +2 -2
  214. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/ffitest.h +23 -40
  215. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/float1.c +3 -1
  216. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/float2.c +6 -4
  217. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/float3.c +4 -2
  218. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/float_va.c +107 -0
  219. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/huge_struct.c +18 -19
  220. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/many.c +6 -16
  221. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/many2.c +57 -0
  222. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/many_double.c +70 -0
  223. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/many_mixed.c +78 -0
  224. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/negint.c +0 -1
  225. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/nested_struct.c +6 -6
  226. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/nested_struct1.c +8 -8
  227. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/nested_struct10.c +6 -6
  228. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/nested_struct11.c +121 -0
  229. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/nested_struct2.c +5 -5
  230. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/nested_struct3.c +5 -5
  231. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/nested_struct4.c +5 -5
  232. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/nested_struct5.c +5 -5
  233. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/nested_struct6.c +6 -6
  234. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/nested_struct7.c +5 -5
  235. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/nested_struct8.c +6 -6
  236. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/nested_struct9.c +6 -6
  237. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/offsets.c +46 -0
  238. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/pr1172638.c +127 -0
  239. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/return_dbl.c +1 -0
  240. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/return_ldl.c +1 -1
  241. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/return_sc.c +1 -1
  242. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/return_uc.c +1 -1
  243. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/stret_large.c +7 -7
  244. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/stret_large2.c +7 -7
  245. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/stret_medium.c +5 -5
  246. data/ext/ffi_c/libffi/testsuite/libffi.call/stret_medium2.c +5 -5
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- This is ../libffi/doc/libffi.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13
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- from ../libffi/doc/libffi.texi.
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-
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- This manual is for Libffi, a portable foreign-function interface
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- library.
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-
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- Copyright (C) 2008, 2010 Red Hat, Inc.
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-
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- Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
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- document under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
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- published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or
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- (at your option) any later version. A copy of the license is
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- included in the section entitled "GNU General Public License".
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-
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-
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- INFO-DIR-SECTION Development
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- START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
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- * libffi: (libffi). Portable foreign-function interface library.
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- END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
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-
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- 
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- File: libffi.info, Node: Top, Next: Introduction, Up: (dir)
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-
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- libffi
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- ******
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-
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- This manual is for Libffi, a portable foreign-function interface
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- library.
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-
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- Copyright (C) 2008, 2010 Red Hat, Inc.
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-
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- Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
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- document under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
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- published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or
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- (at your option) any later version. A copy of the license is
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- included in the section entitled "GNU General Public License".
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-
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-
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- * Menu:
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-
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- * Introduction:: What is libffi?
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- * Using libffi:: How to use libffi.
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- * Missing Features:: Things libffi can't do.
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- * Index:: Index.
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-
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- 
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- File: libffi.info, Node: Introduction, Next: Using libffi, Prev: Top, Up: Top
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-
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- 1 What is libffi?
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- *****************
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-
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- Compilers for high level languages generate code that follow certain
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- conventions. These conventions are necessary, in part, for separate
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- compilation to work. One such convention is the "calling convention".
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- The calling convention is a set of assumptions made by the compiler
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- about where function arguments will be found on entry to a function. A
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- calling convention also specifies where the return value for a function
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- is found. The calling convention is also sometimes called the "ABI" or
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- "Application Binary Interface".
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-
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- Some programs may not know at the time of compilation what arguments
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- are to be passed to a function. For instance, an interpreter may be
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- told at run-time about the number and types of arguments used to call a
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- given function. `Libffi' can be used in such programs to provide a
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- bridge from the interpreter program to compiled code.
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-
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- The `libffi' library provides a portable, high level programming
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- interface to various calling conventions. This allows a programmer to
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- call any function specified by a call interface description at run time.
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-
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- FFI stands for Foreign Function Interface. A foreign function
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- interface is the popular name for the interface that allows code
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- written in one language to call code written in another language. The
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- `libffi' library really only provides the lowest, machine dependent
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- layer of a fully featured foreign function interface. A layer must
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- exist above `libffi' that handles type conversions for values passed
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- between the two languages.
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-
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- 
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- File: libffi.info, Node: Using libffi, Next: Missing Features, Prev: Introduction, Up: Top
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-
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- 2 Using libffi
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- **************
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-
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- * Menu:
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-
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- * The Basics:: The basic libffi API.
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- * Simple Example:: A simple example.
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- * Types:: libffi type descriptions.
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- * Multiple ABIs:: Different passing styles on one platform.
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- * The Closure API:: Writing a generic function.
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- * Closure Example:: A closure example.
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-
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- 
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- File: libffi.info, Node: The Basics, Next: Simple Example, Up: Using libffi
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-
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- 2.1 The Basics
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- ==============
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-
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- `Libffi' assumes that you have a pointer to the function you wish to
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- call and that you know the number and types of arguments to pass it, as
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- well as the return type of the function.
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-
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- The first thing you must do is create an `ffi_cif' object that
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- matches the signature of the function you wish to call. This is a
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- separate step because it is common to make multiple calls using a
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- single `ffi_cif'. The "cif" in `ffi_cif' stands for Call InterFace.
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- To prepare a call interface object, use the function `ffi_prep_cif'.
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-
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- -- Function: ffi_status ffi_prep_cif (ffi_cif *CIF, ffi_abi ABI,
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- unsigned int NARGS, ffi_type *RTYPE, ffi_type **ARGTYPES)
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- This initializes CIF according to the given parameters.
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-
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- ABI is the ABI to use; normally `FFI_DEFAULT_ABI' is what you
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- want. *note Multiple ABIs:: for more information.
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-
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- NARGS is the number of arguments that this function accepts.
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- `libffi' does not yet handle varargs functions; see *note Missing
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- Features:: for more information.
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-
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- RTYPE is a pointer to an `ffi_type' structure that describes the
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- return type of the function. *Note Types::.
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-
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- ARGTYPES is a vector of `ffi_type' pointers. ARGTYPES must have
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- NARGS elements. If NARGS is 0, this argument is ignored.
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-
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- `ffi_prep_cif' returns a `libffi' status code, of type
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- `ffi_status'. This will be either `FFI_OK' if everything worked
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- properly; `FFI_BAD_TYPEDEF' if one of the `ffi_type' objects is
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- incorrect; or `FFI_BAD_ABI' if the ABI parameter is invalid.
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-
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- To call a function using an initialized `ffi_cif', use the
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- `ffi_call' function:
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-
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- -- Function: void ffi_call (ffi_cif *CIF, void *FN, void *RVALUE, void
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- **AVALUES)
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- This calls the function FN according to the description given in
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- CIF. CIF must have already been prepared using `ffi_prep_cif'.
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-
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- RVALUE is a pointer to a chunk of memory that will hold the result
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- of the function call. This must be large enough to hold the
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- result and must be suitably aligned; it is the caller's
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- responsibility to ensure this. If CIF declares that the function
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- returns `void' (using `ffi_type_void'), then RVALUE is ignored.
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- If RVALUE is `NULL', then the return value is discarded.
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-
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- AVALUES is a vector of `void *' pointers that point to the memory
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- locations holding the argument values for a call. If CIF declares
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- that the function has no arguments (i.e., NARGS was 0), then
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- AVALUES is ignored. Note that argument values may be modified by
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- the callee (for instance, structs passed by value); the burden of
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- copying pass-by-value arguments is placed on the caller.
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-
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- 
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- File: libffi.info, Node: Simple Example, Next: Types, Prev: The Basics, Up: Using libffi
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-
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- 2.2 Simple Example
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- ==================
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-
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- Here is a trivial example that calls `puts' a few times.
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-
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- #include <stdio.h>
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- #include <ffi.h>
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-
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- int main()
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- {
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- ffi_cif cif;
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- ffi_type *args[1];
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- void *values[1];
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- char *s;
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- int rc;
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-
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- /* Initialize the argument info vectors */
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- args[0] = &ffi_type_pointer;
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- values[0] = &s;
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-
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- /* Initialize the cif */
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- if (ffi_prep_cif(&cif, FFI_DEFAULT_ABI, 1,
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- &ffi_type_uint, args) == FFI_OK)
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- {
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- s = "Hello World!";
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- ffi_call(&cif, puts, &rc, values);
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- /* rc now holds the result of the call to puts */
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-
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- /* values holds a pointer to the function's arg, so to
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- call puts() again all we need to do is change the
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- value of s */
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- s = "This is cool!";
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- ffi_call(&cif, puts, &rc, values);
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- }
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-
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- return 0;
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- }
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-
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- 
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- File: libffi.info, Node: Types, Next: Multiple ABIs, Prev: Simple Example, Up: Using libffi
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-
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- 2.3 Types
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- =========
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-
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- * Menu:
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-
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- * Primitive Types:: Built-in types.
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- * Structures:: Structure types.
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- * Type Example:: Structure type example.
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-
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-
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- 2.3.1 Primitive Types
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- ---------------------
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-
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- `Libffi' provides a number of built-in type descriptors that can be
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- used to describe argument and return types:
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-
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- `ffi_type_void'
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- The type `void'. This cannot be used for argument types, only for
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- return values.
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-
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- `ffi_type_uint8'
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- An unsigned, 8-bit integer type.
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-
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- `ffi_type_sint8'
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- A signed, 8-bit integer type.
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-
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- `ffi_type_uint16'
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- An unsigned, 16-bit integer type.
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-
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- `ffi_type_sint16'
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- A signed, 16-bit integer type.
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-
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- `ffi_type_uint32'
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- An unsigned, 32-bit integer type.
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-
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- `ffi_type_sint32'
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- A signed, 32-bit integer type.
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- `ffi_type_uint64'
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- An unsigned, 64-bit integer type.
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-
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- `ffi_type_sint64'
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- A signed, 64-bit integer type.
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-
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- `ffi_type_float'
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- The C `float' type.
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- `ffi_type_double'
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- The C `double' type.
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- `ffi_type_uchar'
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- The C `unsigned char' type.
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-
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- `ffi_type_schar'
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- The C `signed char' type. (Note that there is not an exact
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- equivalent to the C `char' type in `libffi'; ordinarily you should
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- either use `ffi_type_schar' or `ffi_type_uchar' depending on
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- whether `char' is signed.)
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-
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- `ffi_type_ushort'
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- The C `unsigned short' type.
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- The C `short' type.
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- The C `unsigned int' type.
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- The C `unsigned long' type.
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- The C `long' type.
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- `ffi_type_pointer'
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- A generic `void *' pointer. You should use this for all pointers,
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- 2.3.2 Structures
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- ----------------
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- Although `libffi' has no special support for unions or bit-fields, it
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- is perfectly happy passing structures back and forth. You must first
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- describe the structure to `libffi' by creating a new `ffi_type' object
297
- for it.
298
-
299
- -- ffi_type:
300
- The `ffi_type' has the following members:
301
- `size_t size'
302
- This is set by `libffi'; you should initialize it to zero.
303
-
304
- `unsigned short alignment'
305
- This is set by `libffi'; you should initialize it to zero.
306
-
307
- `unsigned short type'
308
- For a structure, this should be set to `FFI_TYPE_STRUCT'.
309
-
310
- `ffi_type **elements'
311
- This is a `NULL'-terminated array of pointers to `ffi_type'
312
- objects. There is one element per field of the struct.
313
-
314
- 
315
- File: libffi.info, Node: Type Example, Prev: Structures, Up: Types
316
-
317
- 2.3.3 Type Example
318
- ------------------
319
-
320
- The following example initializes a `ffi_type' object representing the
321
- `tm' struct from Linux's `time.h'.
322
-
323
- Here is how the struct is defined:
324
-
325
- struct tm {
326
- int tm_sec;
327
- int tm_min;
328
- int tm_hour;
329
- int tm_mday;
330
- int tm_mon;
331
- int tm_year;
332
- int tm_wday;
333
- int tm_yday;
334
- int tm_isdst;
335
- /* Those are for future use. */
336
- long int __tm_gmtoff__;
337
- __const char *__tm_zone__;
338
- };
339
-
340
- Here is the corresponding code to describe this struct to `libffi':
341
-
342
- {
343
- ffi_type tm_type;
344
- ffi_type *tm_type_elements[12];
345
- int i;
346
-
347
- tm_type.size = tm_type.alignment = 0;
348
- tm_type.elements = &tm_type_elements;
349
-
350
- for (i = 0; i < 9; i++)
351
- tm_type_elements[i] = &ffi_type_sint;
352
-
353
- tm_type_elements[9] = &ffi_type_slong;
354
- tm_type_elements[10] = &ffi_type_pointer;
355
- tm_type_elements[11] = NULL;
356
-
357
- /* tm_type can now be used to represent tm argument types and
358
- return types for ffi_prep_cif() */
359
- }
360
-
361
- 
362
- File: libffi.info, Node: Multiple ABIs, Next: The Closure API, Prev: Types, Up: Using libffi
363
-
364
- 2.4 Multiple ABIs
365
- =================
366
-
367
- A given platform may provide multiple different ABIs at once. For
368
- instance, the x86 platform has both `stdcall' and `fastcall' functions.
369
-
370
- `libffi' provides some support for this. However, this is
371
- necessarily platform-specific.
372
-
373
- 
374
- File: libffi.info, Node: The Closure API, Next: Closure Example, Prev: Multiple ABIs, Up: Using libffi
375
-
376
- 2.5 The Closure API
377
- ===================
378
-
379
- `libffi' also provides a way to write a generic function - a function
380
- that can accept and decode any combination of arguments. This can be
381
- useful when writing an interpreter, or to provide wrappers for
382
- arbitrary functions.
383
-
384
- This facility is called the "closure API". Closures are not
385
- supported on all platforms; you can check the `FFI_CLOSURES' define to
386
- determine whether they are supported on the current platform.
387
-
388
- Because closures work by assembling a tiny function at runtime, they
389
- require special allocation on platforms that have a non-executable
390
- heap. Memory management for closures is handled by a pair of functions:
391
-
392
- -- Function: void *ffi_closure_alloc (size_t SIZE, void **CODE)
393
- Allocate a chunk of memory holding SIZE bytes. This returns a
394
- pointer to the writable address, and sets *CODE to the
395
- corresponding executable address.
396
-
397
- SIZE should be sufficient to hold a `ffi_closure' object.
398
-
399
- -- Function: void ffi_closure_free (void *WRITABLE)
400
- Free memory allocated using `ffi_closure_alloc'. The argument is
401
- the writable address that was returned.
402
-
403
- Once you have allocated the memory for a closure, you must construct
404
- a `ffi_cif' describing the function call. Finally you can prepare the
405
- closure function:
406
-
407
- -- Function: ffi_status ffi_prep_closure_loc (ffi_closure *CLOSURE,
408
- ffi_cif *CIF, void (*FUN) (ffi_cif *CIF, void *RET, void
409
- **ARGS, void *USER_DATA), void *USER_DATA, void *CODELOC)
410
- Prepare a closure function.
411
-
412
- CLOSURE is the address of a `ffi_closure' object; this is the
413
- writable address returned by `ffi_closure_alloc'.
414
-
415
- CIF is the `ffi_cif' describing the function parameters.
416
-
417
- USER_DATA is an arbitrary datum that is passed, uninterpreted, to
418
- your closure function.
419
-
420
- CODELOC is the executable address returned by `ffi_closure_alloc'.
421
-
422
- FUN is the function which will be called when the closure is
423
- invoked. It is called with the arguments:
424
- CIF
425
- The `ffi_cif' passed to `ffi_prep_closure_loc'.
426
-
427
- RET
428
- A pointer to the memory used for the function's return value.
429
- FUN must fill this, unless the function is declared as
430
- returning `void'.
431
-
432
- ARGS
433
- A vector of pointers to memory holding the arguments to the
434
- function.
435
-
436
- USER_DATA
437
- The same USER_DATA that was passed to `ffi_prep_closure_loc'.
438
-
439
- `ffi_prep_closure_loc' will return `FFI_OK' if everything went ok,
440
- and something else on error.
441
-
442
- After calling `ffi_prep_closure_loc', you can cast CODELOC to the
443
- appropriate pointer-to-function type.
444
-
445
- You may see old code referring to `ffi_prep_closure'. This function
446
- is deprecated, as it cannot handle the need for separate writable and
447
- executable addresses.
448
-
449
- 
450
- File: libffi.info, Node: Closure Example, Prev: The Closure API, Up: Using libffi
451
-
452
- 2.6 Closure Example
453
- ===================
454
-
455
- A trivial example that creates a new `puts' by binding `fputs' with
456
- `stdin'.
457
-
458
- #include <stdio.h>
459
- #include <ffi.h>
460
-
461
- /* Acts like puts with the file given at time of enclosure. */
462
- void puts_binding(ffi_cif *cif, unsigned int *ret, void* args[],
463
- FILE *stream)
464
- {
465
- *ret = fputs(*(char **)args[0], stream);
466
- }
467
-
468
- int main()
469
- {
470
- ffi_cif cif;
471
- ffi_type *args[1];
472
- ffi_closure *closure;
473
-
474
- int (*bound_puts)(char *);
475
- int rc;
476
-
477
- /* Allocate closure and bound_puts */
478
- closure = ffi_closure_alloc(sizeof(ffi_closure), &bound_puts);
479
-
480
- if (closure)
481
- {
482
- /* Initialize the argument info vectors */
483
- args[0] = &ffi_type_pointer;
484
-
485
- /* Initialize the cif */
486
- if (ffi_prep_cif(&cif, FFI_DEFAULT_ABI, 1,
487
- &ffi_type_uint, args) == FFI_OK)
488
- {
489
- /* Initialize the closure, setting stream to stdout */
490
- if (ffi_prep_closure_loc(closure, &cif, puts_binding,
491
- stdout, bound_puts) == FFI_OK)
492
- {
493
- rc = bound_puts("Hello World!");
494
- /* rc now holds the result of the call to fputs */
495
- }
496
- }
497
- }
498
-
499
- /* Deallocate both closure, and bound_puts */
500
- ffi_closure_free(closure);
501
-
502
- return 0;
503
- }
504
-
505
- 
506
- File: libffi.info, Node: Missing Features, Next: Index, Prev: Using libffi, Up: Top
507
-
508
- 3 Missing Features
509
- ******************
510
-
511
- `libffi' is missing a few features. We welcome patches to add support
512
- for these.
513
-
514
- * There is no support for calling varargs functions. This may work
515
- on some platforms, depending on how the ABI is defined, but it is
516
- not reliable.
517
-
518
- * There is no support for bit fields in structures.
519
-
520
- * The closure API is
521
-
522
- * The "raw" API is undocumented.
523
-
524
- 
525
- File: libffi.info, Node: Index, Prev: Missing Features, Up: Top
526
-
527
- Index
528
- *****
529
-
530
- [index]
531
- * Menu:
532
-
533
- * : Structures. (line 12)
534
- * ABI: Introduction. (line 13)
535
- * Application Binary Interface: Introduction. (line 13)
536
- * calling convention: Introduction. (line 13)
537
- * cif: The Basics. (line 14)
538
- * closure API: The Closure API. (line 13)
539
- * closures: The Closure API. (line 13)
540
- * FFI: Introduction. (line 31)
541
- * ffi_call: The Basics. (line 41)
542
- * ffi_closure_alloc: The Closure API. (line 19)
543
- * ffi_closure_free: The Closure API. (line 26)
544
- * FFI_CLOSURES: The Closure API. (line 13)
545
- * ffi_prep_cif: The Basics. (line 16)
546
- * ffi_prep_closure_loc: The Closure API. (line 34)
547
- * ffi_status <1>: The Closure API. (line 37)
548
- * ffi_status: The Basics. (line 18)
549
- * ffi_type: Structures. (line 11)
550
- * ffi_type_double: Primitive Types. (line 41)
551
- * ffi_type_float: Primitive Types. (line 38)
552
- * ffi_type_longdouble: Primitive Types. (line 71)
553
- * ffi_type_pointer: Primitive Types. (line 75)
554
- * ffi_type_schar: Primitive Types. (line 47)
555
- * ffi_type_sint: Primitive Types. (line 62)
556
- * ffi_type_sint16: Primitive Types. (line 23)
557
- * ffi_type_sint32: Primitive Types. (line 29)
558
- * ffi_type_sint64: Primitive Types. (line 35)
559
- * ffi_type_sint8: Primitive Types. (line 17)
560
- * ffi_type_slong: Primitive Types. (line 68)
561
- * ffi_type_sshort: Primitive Types. (line 56)
562
- * ffi_type_uchar: Primitive Types. (line 44)
563
- * ffi_type_uint: Primitive Types. (line 59)
564
- * ffi_type_uint16: Primitive Types. (line 20)
565
- * ffi_type_uint32: Primitive Types. (line 26)
566
- * ffi_type_uint64: Primitive Types. (line 32)
567
- * ffi_type_uint8: Primitive Types. (line 14)
568
- * ffi_type_ulong: Primitive Types. (line 65)
569
- * ffi_type_ushort: Primitive Types. (line 53)
570
- * ffi_type_void: Primitive Types. (line 10)
571
- * Foreign Function Interface: Introduction. (line 31)
572
- * void <1>: The Closure API. (line 20)
573
- * void: The Basics. (line 43)
574
-
575
-
576
- 
577
- Tag Table:
578
- Node: Top706
579
- Node: Introduction1448
580
- Node: Using libffi3084
581
- Node: The Basics3570
582
- Node: Simple Example6356
583
- Node: Types7383
584
- Node: Primitive Types7666
585
- Node: Structures9486
586
- Node: Type Example10346
587
- Node: Multiple ABIs11569
588
- Node: The Closure API11940
589
- Node: Closure Example14884
590
- Node: Missing Features16443
591
- Node: Index16936
592
- 
593
- End Tag Table