ffi 1.10.0

data/ext/ffi_c/Thread.c

@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2010 Wayne Meissner
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#else
+# include "win32/stdbool.h"
+# include "win32/stdint.h"
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__CYGWIN__) || !defined(_WIN32)
+# include <pthread.h>
+# include <errno.h>
+# include <signal.h>
+# include <unistd.h>
+#else
+# include <winsock2.h>
+# define _WINSOCKAPI_
+# include <windows.h>
+#endif
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include "Thread.h"
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+static volatile DWORD frame_thread_key = TLS_OUT_OF_INDEXES;
+#else
+static pthread_key_t thread_data_key;
+struct thread_data {
+    rbffi_frame_t* frame;
+};
+static inline struct thread_data* thread_data_get(void);
+
+#endif
+
+rbffi_frame_t*
+rbffi_frame_current(void)
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    return (rbffi_frame_t *) TlsGetValue(frame_thread_key);
+#else
+    struct thread_data* td = (struct thread_data *) pthread_getspecific(thread_data_key);
+    return td != NULL ? td->frame : NULL;
+#endif
+}
+
+void 
+rbffi_frame_push(rbffi_frame_t* frame)
+{
+    memset(frame, 0, sizeof(*frame));
+    frame->has_gvl = true;
+    frame->exc = Qnil;
+    
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    frame->prev = TlsGetValue(frame_thread_key);
+    TlsSetValue(frame_thread_key, frame);
+#else
+    frame->td = thread_data_get();
+    frame->prev = frame->td->frame;
+    frame->td->frame = frame;
+#endif
+}
+
+void 
+rbffi_frame_pop(rbffi_frame_t* frame)
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    TlsSetValue(frame_thread_key, frame->prev);
+#else
+    frame->td->frame = frame->prev;
+#endif
+}
+
+#if !(defined(HAVE_RB_THREAD_BLOCKING_REGION) || defined(HAVE_RB_THREAD_CALL_WITHOUT_GVL))
+
+#if !defined(_WIN32)
+
+struct BlockingThread {
+    pthread_t tid;
+    VALUE (*fn)(void *);
+    void *data;
+    void (*ubf)(void *);
+    void *data2;
+    VALUE retval;
+    int wrfd;
+    int rdfd;
+};
+
+static void*
+rbffi_blocking_thread(void* args)
+{
+    struct BlockingThread* thr = (struct BlockingThread *) args;
+    char c = 1;
+    VALUE retval;
+    
+    retval = (*thr->fn)(thr->data);
+    
+    pthread_testcancel();
+
+    thr->retval = retval;
+    
+    write(thr->wrfd, &c, sizeof(c));
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+wait_for_thread(void *data)
+{
+    struct BlockingThread* thr = (struct BlockingThread *) data;
+    char c;
+    
+    if (read(thr->rdfd, &c, 1) < 1) {
+        rb_thread_wait_fd(thr->rdfd);
+        while (read(thr->rdfd, &c, 1) < 1 && rb_io_wait_readable(thr->rdfd) == Qtrue) {
+            ;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+cleanup_blocking_thread(void *data, VALUE exc)
+{
+    struct BlockingThread* thr = (struct BlockingThread *) data;
+
+    if (thr->ubf != (void (*)(void *)) -1) {
+        (*thr->ubf)(thr->data2);
+    } else {
+        pthread_kill(thr->tid, SIGVTALRM);
+    }
+
+    return exc;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rbffi_thread_blocking_region(VALUE (*func)(void *), void *data1, void (*ubf)(void *), void *data2)
+{
+    struct BlockingThread* thr;
+    int fd[2];
+    VALUE exc;
+    
+    if (pipe(fd) < 0) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eSystemCallError, "pipe(2) failed");
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+    fcntl(fd[0], F_SETFL, fcntl(fd[0], F_GETFL) | O_NONBLOCK);
+
+    thr = ALLOC_N(struct BlockingThread, 1);
+    thr->rdfd = fd[0];
+    thr->wrfd = fd[1];
+    thr->fn = func;
+    thr->data = data1;
+    thr->ubf = ubf;
+    thr->data2 = data2;
+    thr->retval = Qnil;
+
+    if (pthread_create(&thr->tid, NULL, rbffi_blocking_thread, thr) != 0) {
+        close(fd[0]);
+        close(fd[1]);
+        xfree(thr);
+        rb_raise(rb_eSystemCallError, "pipe(2) failed");
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+
+    exc = rb_rescue2(wait_for_thread, (VALUE) thr, cleanup_blocking_thread, (VALUE) thr,
+        rb_eException);
+    
+    pthread_join(thr->tid, NULL);
+    close(fd[1]);
+    close(fd[0]);
+    xfree(thr);
+
+    if (exc != Qnil) {
+        rb_exc_raise(exc);
+    }
+
+    return thr->retval;
+}
+
+#else
+/* win32 implementation */
+
+struct BlockingThread {
+    HANDLE tid;
+    VALUE (*fn)(void *);
+    void *data;
+    void (*ubf)(void *);
+    void *data2;
+    VALUE retval;
+    int wrfd;
+    int rdfd;
+};
+
+static DWORD __stdcall
+rbffi_blocking_thread(LPVOID args)
+{
+    struct BlockingThread* thr = (struct BlockingThread *) args;
+    char c = 1;
+    VALUE retval;
+
+    retval = (*thr->fn)(thr->data);
+    thr->retval = retval;
+
+    write(thr->wrfd, &c, sizeof(c));
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+wait_for_thread(void *data)
+{
+    struct BlockingThread* thr = (struct BlockingThread *) data;
+    char c, res;
+    fd_set rfds;
+
+    FD_ZERO(&rfds);
+    FD_SET(thr->rdfd, &rfds);
+    rb_thread_select(thr->rdfd + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+    read(thr->rdfd, &c, 1);
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+cleanup_blocking_thread(void *data, VALUE exc)
+{
+    struct BlockingThread* thr = (struct BlockingThread *) data;
+
+    if (thr->ubf != (void (*)(void *)) -1) {
+        (*thr->ubf)(thr->data2);
+    } else {
+        TerminateThread(thr->tid, 0);
+    }
+
+    return exc;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rbffi_thread_blocking_region(VALUE (*func)(void *), void *data1, void (*ubf)(void *), void *data2)
+{
+    struct BlockingThread* thr;
+    int fd[2];
+    VALUE exc;
+    DWORD state;
+    DWORD res;
+
+    if (_pipe(fd, 1024, O_BINARY) == -1) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eSystemCallError, "_pipe() failed");
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+
+    thr = ALLOC_N(struct BlockingThread, 1);
+    thr->rdfd = fd[0];
+    thr->wrfd = fd[1];
+    thr->fn = func;
+    thr->data = data1;
+    thr->ubf = ubf;
+    thr->data2 = data2;
+    thr->retval = Qnil;
+
+    thr->tid = CreateThread(NULL, 0, rbffi_blocking_thread, thr, 0, NULL);
+    if (!thr->tid) {
+        close(fd[0]);
+        close(fd[1]);
+        xfree(thr);
+        rb_raise(rb_eSystemCallError, "CreateThread() failed");
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+
+    exc = rb_rescue2(wait_for_thread, (VALUE) thr, cleanup_blocking_thread, (VALUE) thr,
+        rb_eException);
+
+    /* The thread should be finished, already. */
+    WaitForSingleObject(thr->tid, INFINITE);
+    CloseHandle(thr->tid);
+    close(fd[1]);
+    close(fd[0]);
+    xfree(thr);
+
+    if (exc != Qnil) {
+        rb_exc_raise(exc);
+    }
+
+    return thr->retval;
+}
+
+#endif /* !_WIN32 */
+
+#endif /* HAVE_RB_THREAD_BLOCKING_REGION */
+
+#ifndef _WIN32
+static struct thread_data* thread_data_init(void);
+
+static inline struct thread_data*
+thread_data_get(void)
+{
+    struct thread_data* td = (struct thread_data *) pthread_getspecific(thread_data_key);
+    return td != NULL ? td : thread_data_init();
+}
+
+static struct thread_data*
+thread_data_init(void)
+{
+    struct thread_data* td = calloc(1, sizeof(struct thread_data));
+
+    pthread_setspecific(thread_data_key, td);
+
+    return td;
+}
+
+static void
+thread_data_free(void *ptr)
+{
+    free(ptr);
+}
+#endif
+
+void
+rbffi_Thread_Init(VALUE moduleFFI)
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    frame_thread_key = TlsAlloc();
+#else
+    pthread_key_create(&thread_data_key, thread_data_free);    
+#endif
+}

data/ext/ffi_c/Thread.h

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2010 Wayne Meissner
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef RBFFI_THREAD_H
+#define	RBFFI_THREAD_H
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+# include <stdbool.h>
+#else
+# include "win32/stdbool.h"
+# include "win32/stdint.h"
+#endif
+#include <ruby.h>
+#include "extconf.h"
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+# include <windows.h>
+#else
+# include <pthread.h>
+#endif
+
+typedef struct {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    DWORD id;
+#else
+    pthread_t id;
+#endif
+    bool valid;
+    bool has_gvl;
+    VALUE exc;
+} rbffi_thread_t;
+
+typedef struct rbffi_frame {
+#ifndef _WIN32
+    struct thread_data* td;
+#endif
+    struct rbffi_frame* prev;
+    bool has_gvl;
+    VALUE exc;
+} rbffi_frame_t;
+
+rbffi_frame_t* rbffi_frame_current(void);
+void rbffi_frame_push(rbffi_frame_t* frame);
+void rbffi_frame_pop(rbffi_frame_t* frame);
+
+#ifdef HAVE_RB_THREAD_CALL_WITHOUT_GVL
+# define rbffi_thread_blocking_region rb_thread_call_without_gvl
+
+#elif defined(HAVE_RB_THREAD_BLOCKING_REGION)
+# define rbffi_thread_blocking_region rb_thread_blocking_region
+
+#else
+
+VALUE rbffi_thread_blocking_region(VALUE (*func)(void *), void *data1, void (*ubf)(void *), void *data2);
+
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif	/* RBFFI_THREAD_H */
+

data/ext/ffi_c/Type.c

@@ -0,0 +1,397 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, Wayne Meissner
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ * 
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <ruby.h>
+#include <ffi.h>
+#include "rbffi.h"
+#include "compat.h"
+#include "Types.h"
+#include "Type.h"
+
+
+typedef struct BuiltinType_ {
+    Type type;
+    char* name;
+} BuiltinType;
+
+static void builtin_type_free(BuiltinType *);
+
+VALUE rbffi_TypeClass = Qnil;
+
+static VALUE classBuiltinType = Qnil;
+static VALUE moduleNativeType = Qnil;
+static VALUE typeMap = Qnil, sizeMap = Qnil;
+static ID id_find_type = 0, id_type_size = 0, id_size = 0;
+
+static VALUE
+type_allocate(VALUE klass)
+{
+    Type* type;
+    VALUE obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass, Type, NULL, -1, type);
+
+    type->nativeType = -1;
+    type->ffiType = &ffi_type_void;
+    
+    return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Document-method: initialize
+ * call-seq: initialize(value)
+ * @param [Fixnum,Type] value
+ * @return [self]
+ */
+static VALUE
+type_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE value)
+{
+    Type* type;
+    Type* other;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Type, type);
+
+    if (FIXNUM_P(value)) {
+        type->nativeType = FIX2INT(value);
+    } else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(value, rbffi_TypeClass)) {
+        Data_Get_Struct(value, Type, other);
+        type->nativeType = other->nativeType;
+        type->ffiType = other->ffiType;
+    } else {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong type");
+    }
+    
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: type.size
+ * @return [Fixnum]
+ * Return type's size, in bytes.
+ */
+static VALUE
+type_size(VALUE self)
+{
+    Type *type;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Type, type);
+
+    return INT2FIX(type->ffiType->size);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: type.alignment
+ * @return [Fixnum]
+ * Get Type alignment.
+ */
+static VALUE
+type_alignment(VALUE self)
+{
+    Type *type;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Type, type);
+
+    return INT2FIX(type->ffiType->alignment);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: type.inspect
+ * @return [String]
+ * Inspect {Type} object.
+ */
+static VALUE
+type_inspect(VALUE self)
+{
+    char buf[100];
+    Type *type;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Type, type);
+
+    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "#<%s:%p size=%d alignment=%d>",
+            rb_obj_classname(self), type, (int) type->ffiType->size, (int) type->ffiType->alignment);
+
+    return rb_str_new2(buf);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+builtin_type_new(VALUE klass, int nativeType, ffi_type* ffiType, const char* name)
+{
+    BuiltinType* type;
+    VALUE obj = Qnil;
+
+    obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass, BuiltinType, NULL, builtin_type_free, type);
+    
+    type->name = strdup(name);
+    type->type.nativeType = nativeType;
+    type->type.ffiType = ffiType;
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static void
+builtin_type_free(BuiltinType *type)
+{
+    free(type->name);
+    xfree(type);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: type.inspect
+ * @return [String]
+ * Inspect {Type::Builtin} object.
+ */
+static VALUE
+builtin_type_inspect(VALUE self)
+{
+    char buf[100];
+    BuiltinType *type;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, BuiltinType, type);
+    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "#<%s:%s size=%d alignment=%d>",
+            rb_obj_classname(self), type->name, (int) type->type.ffiType->size, type->type.ffiType->alignment);
+
+    return rb_str_new2(buf);
+}
+
+int
+rbffi_type_size(VALUE type)
+{
+    int t = TYPE(type);
+    
+    if (t == T_FIXNUM || t == T_BIGNUM) {
+        return NUM2INT(type);
+    
+    } else if (t == T_SYMBOL) {
+        /*
+         * Try looking up directly in the type and size maps
+         */
+        VALUE nType;
+        if ((nType = rb_hash_lookup(typeMap, type)) != Qnil) {
+            if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(nType, rbffi_TypeClass)) {
+                Type* type;
+                Data_Get_Struct(nType, Type, type);
+                return (int) type->ffiType->size;
+            
+            } else if (rb_respond_to(nType, id_size)) {
+                return NUM2INT(rb_funcall2(nType, id_size, 0, NULL));
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* Not found - call up to the ruby version to resolve */
+        return NUM2INT(rb_funcall2(rbffi_FFIModule, id_type_size, 1, &type));
+    
+    } else {
+        return NUM2INT(rb_funcall2(type, id_size, 0, NULL));
+    }
+}
+
+VALUE
+rbffi_Type_Lookup(VALUE name)
+{
+    int t = TYPE(name);
+    if (t == T_SYMBOL || t == T_STRING) {
+        /*
+         * Try looking up directly in the type Map
+         */
+        VALUE nType;
+        if ((nType = rb_hash_lookup(typeMap, name)) != Qnil && rb_obj_is_kind_of(nType, rbffi_TypeClass)) {
+            return nType;
+        }
+    } else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(name, rbffi_TypeClass)) {
+    
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    /* Nothing found - let caller handle raising exceptions */
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+/**
+ * rbffi_Type_Find() is like rbffi_Type_Lookup, but an error is raised if the
+ * type is not found.
+ */
+VALUE
+rbffi_Type_Find(VALUE name)
+{
+    VALUE rbType = rbffi_Type_Lookup(name);
+
+    if (!RTEST(rbType)) {
+        VALUE s = rb_inspect(name);
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "invalid type, %s", RSTRING_PTR(s));
+        RB_GC_GUARD(s);
+    }
+
+    return rbType;
+}
+
+void
+rbffi_Type_Init(VALUE moduleFFI)
+{
+    /*
+     * Document-class: FFI::Type
+     * This class manages C types.
+     *
+     * It embbed {FFI::Type::Builtin} objects as constants (for names,
+     * see {FFI::NativeType}).
+     */
+    rbffi_TypeClass = rb_define_class_under(moduleFFI, "Type", rb_cObject);
+
+    /*
+     * Document-constant: FFI::TypeDefs
+     */
+    rb_define_const(moduleFFI, "TypeDefs", typeMap = rb_hash_new());
+    rb_define_const(moduleFFI, "SizeTypes", sizeMap = rb_hash_new());
+    rb_global_variable(&typeMap);
+    rb_global_variable(&sizeMap);
+    id_find_type = rb_intern("find_type");
+    id_type_size = rb_intern("type_size");
+    id_size = rb_intern("size");
+
+    /*
+     * Document-class: FFI::Type::Builtin
+     * Class for Built-in types.
+     */
+    classBuiltinType = rb_define_class_under(rbffi_TypeClass, "Builtin", rbffi_TypeClass);
+    /*
+     * Document-module: FFI::NativeType
+     * This module defines constants for native (C) types.
+     *
+     * ==Native type constants
+     * Native types are defined by constants :
+     * * INT8, SCHAR, CHAR
+     * * UINT8, UCHAR
+     * * INT16, SHORT, SSHORT
+     * * UINT16, USHORT
+     * * INT32,, INT, SINT
+     * * UINT32, UINT
+     * * INT64, LONG_LONG, SLONG_LONG
+     * * UINT64, ULONG_LONG
+     * * LONG, SLONG
+     * * ULONG
+     * * FLOAT32, FLOAT
+     * * FLOAT64, DOUBLE
+     * * POINTER
+     * * CALLBACK
+     * * FUNCTION
+     * * CHAR_ARRAY
+     * * BOOL
+     * * STRING (immutable string, nul terminated)
+     * * STRUCT (struct-b-value param or result)
+     * * ARRAY (array type definition)
+     * * MAPPED (custom native type)
+     * For function return type only :
+     * * VOID
+     * For function argument type only :
+     * * BUFFER_IN
+     * * BUFFER_OUT
+     * * VARARGS (function takes a variable number of arguments)
+     *
+     * All these constants are exported to {FFI} module prefixed with "TYPE_". 
+     * They are objets from {FFI::Type::Builtin} class.
+     */
+    moduleNativeType = rb_define_module_under(moduleFFI, "NativeType");
+
+    /*
+     * Document-global: FFI::Type
+     */
+    rb_global_variable(&rbffi_TypeClass);
+    rb_global_variable(&classBuiltinType);
+    rb_global_variable(&moduleNativeType);
+
+    rb_define_alloc_func(rbffi_TypeClass, type_allocate);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_TypeClass, "initialize", type_initialize, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_TypeClass, "size", type_size, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_TypeClass, "alignment", type_alignment, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_TypeClass, "inspect", type_inspect, 0);
+
+    /* Make Type::Builtin non-allocatable */
+    rb_undef_method(CLASS_OF(classBuiltinType), "new");
+    rb_define_method(classBuiltinType, "inspect", builtin_type_inspect, 0);
+    
+    rb_global_variable(&rbffi_TypeClass);
+    rb_global_variable(&classBuiltinType);
+
+    /* Define all the builtin types */
+    #define T(x, ffiType) do { \
+        VALUE t = Qnil; \
+        rb_define_const(rbffi_TypeClass, #x, t = builtin_type_new(classBuiltinType, NATIVE_##x, ffiType, #x)); \
+        rb_define_const(moduleNativeType, #x, t); \
+        rb_define_const(moduleFFI, "TYPE_" #x, t); \
+    } while(0)
+
+    #define A(old_type, new_type) do { \
+        VALUE t = rb_const_get(rbffi_TypeClass, rb_intern(#old_type)); \
+        rb_const_set(rbffi_TypeClass, rb_intern(#new_type), t); \
+    } while(0)
+
+    /*
+     * Document-constant: FFI::Type::Builtin::VOID
+     */
+    T(VOID, &ffi_type_void);
+    T(INT8, &ffi_type_sint8);
+    A(INT8, SCHAR);
+    A(INT8, CHAR);
+    T(UINT8, &ffi_type_uint8);
+    A(UINT8, UCHAR);
+
+    T(INT16, &ffi_type_sint16);
+    A(INT16, SHORT);
+    A(INT16, SSHORT);
+    T(UINT16, &ffi_type_uint16);
+    A(UINT16, USHORT);
+    T(INT32, &ffi_type_sint32);
+    A(INT32, INT);
+    A(INT32, SINT);
+    T(UINT32, &ffi_type_uint32);
+    A(UINT32, UINT);
+    T(INT64, &ffi_type_sint64);
+    A(INT64, LONG_LONG);
+    A(INT64, SLONG_LONG);
+    T(UINT64, &ffi_type_uint64);
+    A(UINT64, ULONG_LONG);
+    T(LONG, &ffi_type_slong);
+    A(LONG, SLONG);
+    T(ULONG, &ffi_type_ulong);
+    T(FLOAT32, &ffi_type_float);
+    A(FLOAT32, FLOAT);
+    T(FLOAT64, &ffi_type_double);
+    A(FLOAT64, DOUBLE);
+    T(LONGDOUBLE, &ffi_type_longdouble);
+    T(POINTER, &ffi_type_pointer);
+    T(STRING, &ffi_type_pointer);
+    T(BUFFER_IN, &ffi_type_pointer);
+    T(BUFFER_OUT, &ffi_type_pointer);
+    T(BUFFER_INOUT, &ffi_type_pointer);
+    T(BOOL, &ffi_type_uchar);
+    T(VARARGS, &ffi_type_void);
+}
+