ffi-wingui-core 0.2.0 → 0.3.0

data/examples/Scribble.rbw

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+require 'ffi-wingui-core'
+
+include WinGUI
+
+EnableVisualStyles()
+
+APPNAME = L(File.basename(__FILE__, '.rbw'))
+
+WndExtra = Struct.new(
+	:scribbles,
+	:hpen
+)
+
+class WndExtra
+	REFS = {}
+
+	def initialize(*args)
+		super
+
+		REFS[object_id] = self
+
+		ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(self, -> id {
+			REFS.delete(id)
+		})
+	end
+end
+
+def onCreate(hwnd,
+	cs
+)
+	xtra = WndExtra::REFS[GetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_USERDATA)]
+
+	xtra[:scribbles] = []
+
+	LOGPEN.new { |lp|
+		lp[:lopnWidth][:x] = DPIAwareX(4)
+		lp[:lopnColor] = RGB(255, 0, 0)
+
+		xtra[:hpen] = CreatePenIndirect(lp)
+	}
+
+	0
+end
+
+def onDestroy(hwnd)
+	xtra = WndExtra::REFS[GetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_USERDATA)]
+
+	DeleteObject(xtra[:hpen])
+
+	PostQuitMessage(0); 0
+end
+
+def onPaint(hwnd,
+	ps
+)
+	xtra = WndExtra::REFS[GetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_USERDATA)]
+
+	hdefpen = SelectObject(ps[:hdc], xtra[:hpen])
+
+	xtra[:scribbles].each { |scribble|
+		MoveToEx(ps[:hdc], *scribble[0], nil)
+
+		scribble.each { |x, y|
+			LineTo(ps[:hdc], x, y)
+		}
+	}
+
+	0
+ensure
+	SelectObject(ps[:hdc], hdefpen)
+end
+
+def onLButtonDown(hwnd,
+	x, y
+)
+	xtra = WndExtra::REFS[GetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_USERDATA)]
+
+	SetCapture(hwnd)
+
+	(xtra[:scribbles] << []).last << [x, y]
+
+	RECT.new { |rect|
+		rect[:left] = x - DPIAwareX(2)
+		rect[:top] = y - DPIAwareY(2)
+		rect[:right] = x + DPIAwareX(2)
+		rect[:bottom] = y + DPIAwareY(2)
+
+		InvalidateRect(hwnd, rect, 1)
+	}
+
+	0
+end
+
+def onLButtonUp(hwnd,
+	x, y
+)
+	xtra = WndExtra::REFS[GetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_USERDATA)]
+
+	ReleaseCapture()
+
+	0
+end
+
+def onMouseMove(hwnd,
+	x, y
+)
+	return 0 if GetCapture() != hwnd
+
+	xtra = WndExtra::REFS[GetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_USERDATA)]
+
+	xtra[:scribbles].last << [x, y]
+
+	InvalidateRect(hwnd, nil, 0)
+
+	0
+end
+
+def onRButtonDown(hwnd,
+	x, y
+)
+	return 0 if GetCapture() == hwnd
+
+	xtra = WndExtra::REFS[GetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_USERDATA)]
+
+	xtra[:scribbles].clear
+
+	InvalidateRect(hwnd, nil, 1)
+
+	0
+end
+
+WindowProc = FFI::Function.new(:long,
+	[:pointer, :uint, :uint, :long],
+	convention: :stdcall
+) { |hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam|
+begin
+	result = case uMsg
+	when WM_NCCREATE
+		DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam)
+
+		SetWindowLong(hwnd,
+			GWL_USERDATA,
+			CREATESTRUCT.new(FFI::Pointer.new(lParam))[:lpCreateParams].to_i
+		)
+
+		1
+	when WM_CREATE
+		onCreate(hwnd, CREATESTRUCT.new(FFI::Pointer.new(lParam)))
+	when WM_DESTROY
+		onDestroy(hwnd)
+
+	when WM_PAINT
+		r = nil
+
+		if GetUpdateRect(hwnd, nil, 0) != 0
+			PAINTSTRUCT.new { |ps|
+				BeginPaint(hwnd, ps)
+
+				begin
+					r = onPaint(hwnd, ps)
+				ensure
+					EndPaint(hwnd, ps)
+				end
+			}
+		end
+
+	when WM_LBUTTONDOWN
+		onLButtonDown(hwnd, GET_X_LPARAM(lParam), GET_Y_LPARAM(lParam))
+	when WM_LBUTTONUP
+		onLButtonUp(hwnd, GET_X_LPARAM(lParam), GET_Y_LPARAM(lParam))
+	when WM_MOUSEMOVE
+		onMouseMove(hwnd, GET_X_LPARAM(lParam), GET_Y_LPARAM(lParam))
+
+	when WM_RBUTTONDOWN
+		onRButtonDown(hwnd, GET_X_LPARAM(lParam), GET_Y_LPARAM(lParam))
+	end
+
+	result || DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam)
+rescue
+	case MessageBox(hwnd,
+		L(Util.FormatException($!)),
+		APPNAME,
+		MB_ABORTRETRYIGNORE | MB_ICONERROR
+	)
+	when IDABORT
+		PostQuitMessage(2)
+	when IDRETRY
+		retry
+	end
+end
+}
+
+def main
+	xtra = WndExtra.new
+
+	WNDCLASSEX.new { |wc|
+		wc[:cbSize] = wc.size
+		wc[:lpfnWndProc] = WindowProc
+		wc[:cbWndExtra] = FFI::Type::Builtin::POINTER.size
+		wc[:hInstance] = GetModuleHandle(nil)
+		wc[:hIcon] = LoadIcon(nil, IDI_APPLICATION)
+		wc[:hCursor] = LoadCursor(nil, IDC_CROSS)
+		wc[:hbrBackground] = FFI::Pointer.new(COLOR_WINDOW + 1)
+
+		PWSTR(APPNAME) { |className|
+			wc[:lpszClassName] = className
+
+			DetonateLastError(0, :RegisterClassEx,
+				wc
+			)
+		}
+	}
+
+	hwnd = CreateWindowEx(
+		0, APPNAME, APPNAME, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
+		CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
+		nil, nil, GetModuleHandle(nil), FFI::Pointer.new(xtra.object_id)
+	)
+
+	raise "CreateWindowEx failed (last error: #{GetLastError()})" if
+		hwnd.null? && GetLastError() != 0
+
+	exit(0) if hwnd.null?
+
+	ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_SHOWNORMAL)
+	UpdateWindow(hwnd)
+
+	MSG.new { |msg|
+		until DetonateLastError(-1, :GetMessage,
+			msg, nil, 0, 0
+		) == 0
+			TranslateMessage(msg)
+			DispatchMessage(msg)
+		end
+
+		exit(msg[:wParam])
+	}
+rescue
+	MessageBox(hwnd,
+		L(Util.FormatException($!)),
+		APPNAME,
+		MB_ICONERROR
+	); exit(1)
+end
+
+main

data/examples/WndExtra.rbw

@@ -8,26 +8,11 @@ APPNAME = L(File.basename(__FILE__, '.rbw'))
 
 WndExtra = Struct.new(
 	:foo
-)
-
-class WndExtra
-	REFS = {}
-
-	def initialize(*args)
-		super
-
-		REFS[object_id] = self
-
-		ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(self, -> id {
-			REFS.delete(id)
-		})
-	end
-end
+).send(:include, Util::Id2RefTracking)
 
 def onCreate(hwnd,
 	cs
 )
-	#xtra = ObjectSpace._id2ref(GetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_USERDATA))
 	xtra = WndExtra::REFS[GetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_USERDATA)]
 
 	xtra[:foo] = L('Foo')
@@ -36,7 +21,6 @@ def onCreate(hwnd,
 end
 
 def onDestroy(hwnd)
-	#xtra = ObjectSpace._id2ref(GetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_USERDATA))
 	xtra = WndExtra::REFS[GetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_USERDATA)]
 
 	MessageBox(nil,
@@ -71,31 +55,39 @@ begin
 
 	result || DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam)
 rescue
-	MessageBox(nil,
-		L(%'#{$!.to_s}\n\n#{$!.backtrace.join("\n")}'),
+	case MessageBox(hwnd,
+		L(Util.FormatException($!)),
 		APPNAME,
-		MB_ICONERROR
-	); PostQuitMessage(2)
+		MB_ABORTRETRYIGNORE | MB_ICONERROR
+	)
+	when IDABORT
+		PostQuitMessage(2)
+	when IDRETRY
+		retry
+	end
 end
 }
 
 def main
-	wc = WNDCLASSEX.new
 	xtra = WndExtra.new
 
-	wc[:cbSize] = wc.size
-	wc[:lpfnWndProc] = WindowProc
-	#wc[:cbWndExtra] = FFI::Pointer.size
-	wc[:cbWndExtra] = FFI::Type::Builtin::POINTER.size
-	wc[:hInstance] = GetModuleHandle(nil)
-	wc[:hIcon] = LoadIcon(nil, IDI_APPLICATION)
-	wc[:hCursor] = LoadCursor(nil, IDC_ARROW)
-	wc[:hbrBackground] = FFI::Pointer.new(COLOR_WINDOW + 1)
-	wc[:lpszClassName] = className = PWSTR(APPNAME)
+	WNDCLASSEX.new { |wc|
+		wc[:cbSize] = wc.size
+		wc[:lpfnWndProc] = WindowProc
+		wc[:cbWndExtra] = FFI::Type::Builtin::POINTER.size
+		wc[:hInstance] = GetModuleHandle(nil)
+		wc[:hIcon] = LoadIcon(nil, IDI_APPLICATION)
+		wc[:hCursor] = LoadCursor(nil, IDC_ARROW)
+		wc[:hbrBackground] = FFI::Pointer.new(COLOR_WINDOW + 1)
+
+		PWSTR(APPNAME) { |className|
+			wc[:lpszClassName] = className
 
-	DetonateLastError(0, :RegisterClassEx,
-		wc
-	) { className.free }
+			DetonateLastError(0, :RegisterClassEx,
+				wc
+			)
+		}
+	}
 
 	hwnd = CreateWindowEx(
 		0, APPNAME, APPNAME, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
@@ -106,22 +98,24 @@ def main
 	raise "CreateWindowEx failed (last error: #{GetLastError()})" if
 		hwnd.null? && GetLastError() != 0
 
+	exit(0) if hwnd.null?
+
 	ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_SHOWNORMAL)
 	UpdateWindow(hwnd)
 
-	msg = MSG.new
-
-	until DetonateLastError(-1, :GetMessage,
-		msg, nil, 0, 0
-	) == 0
-		TranslateMessage(msg)
-		DispatchMessage(msg)
-	end
+	MSG.new { |msg|
+		until DetonateLastError(-1, :GetMessage,
+			msg, nil, 0, 0
+		) == 0
+			TranslateMessage(msg)
+			DispatchMessage(msg)
+		end
 
-	exit(msg[:wParam])
+		exit(msg[:wParam])
+	}
 rescue
-	MessageBox(nil,
-		L(%'#{$!.to_s}\n\n#{$!.backtrace.join("\n")}'),
+	MessageBox(hwnd,
+		L(Util.FormatException($!)),
 		APPNAME,
 		MB_ICONERROR
 	); exit(1)

data/lib/ffi-wingui-core.rb

@@ -3,51 +3,104 @@ require 'ffi'
 module WinGUI
 	extend FFI::Library
 
+	#{ common
+	module Util
+		def FormatException(ex)
+			str, trace = ex.to_s, ex.backtrace
+
+			str << "\n\n-- backtrace --\n\n" << trace.join("\n") if trace
+
+			str
+		end
+
+		module_function :FormatException
+
+		module Id2RefTracking
+			REFS = {}
+
+			def initialize(*args)
+				super
+
+				REFS[object_id] = self
+
+				ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(self, -> id {
+					REFS.delete(id)
+				})
+			end
+		end
+
+		module ScopedStruct
+			def new(*args)
+				raise ArgumentError, 'Cannot accept both arguments and a block' if
+					args.length > 0 && block_given?
+
+				struct = super
+
+				return struct unless block_given?
+
+				begin
+					yield struct
+				ensure
+					struct.pointer.free
+
+					p "Native memory for #{struct} freed" if $DEBUG
+				end
+
+				nil
+			end
+		end
+	end
+
 	INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = FFI::Pointer.new(-1)
 
-	def MAKEWORD(low, high)
-		(low & 0xff) | ((high & 0xff) << 8)
+	def MAKEWORD(lobyte, hibyte)
+		(lobyte & 0xff) | ((hibyte & 0xff) << 8)
 	end
 
-	def LOBYTE(w)
-		w & 0xff
+	def LOBYTE(word)
+		word & 0xff
 	end
 
-	def HIBYTE(w)
-		(w >> 8) & 0xff
+	def HIBYTE(word)
+		(word >> 8) & 0xff
 	end
 
-	def MAKELONG(low, high)
-		(low & 0xffff) | ((high & 0xffff) << 16)
+	def MAKELONG(loword, hiword)
+		(loword & 0xffff) | ((hiword & 0xffff) << 16)
 	end
 
-	def LOWORD(l)
-		l & 0xffff
+	def LOWORD(long)
+		long & 0xffff
 	end
 
-	def HIWORD(l)
-		(l >> 16) & 0xffff
+	def HIWORD(long)
+		(long >> 16) & 0xffff
 	end
 
 	module_function \
 		:MAKEWORD, :LOBYTE, :HIBYTE,
 		:MAKELONG, :LOWORD, :HIWORD
 
-	def L(s)
-		(s << "\0").encode!('utf-16le')
+	def L(str)
+		(str << "\0").encode!('utf-16le')
 	end
 
-	def PWSTR(ws)
+	def PWSTR(wstr)
 		raise 'Invalid Unicode string' unless
-			ws.encoding == Encoding::UTF_16LE &&
-			ws[-1] == L('')
+			wstr.encoding == Encoding::UTF_16LE && wstr[-1] == L('')
+
+		ptr = FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:ushort, wstr.length).
+			put_bytes(0, wstr)
 
-		p = FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:ushort, ws.length).
-			put_bytes(0, ws)
+		return ptr unless block_given?
 
-		return p unless block_given?
+		begin
+			yield ptr
+		ensure
+			ptr.free
 
-		begin yield p ensure p.free end
+			p "Native copy of '#{wstr[0...-1].encode($0.encoding)}' freed" if $DEBUG
+		end
 
 		nil
 	end
@@ -55,55 +108,33 @@ module WinGUI
 	module_function :L, :PWSTR
 
 	class POINT < FFI::Struct
+		extend Util::ScopedStruct
+
 		layout \
 			:x, :long,
 			:y, :long
-
-		def self.[](x, y)
-			new.tap { |point|
-				point[:x], point[:y] = x, y
-			}
-		end
-
-		def to_a
-			[self[:x], self[:y]]
-		end
 	end
 
 	class SIZE < FFI::Struct
+		extend Util::ScopedStruct
+
 		layout \
 			:cx, :long,
 			:cy, :long
-
-		def self.[](cx, cy)
-			new.tap { |size|
-				size[:cx], size[:cy] = cx, cy
-			}
-		end
-
-		def to_a
-			[self[:cx], self[:cy]]
-		end
 	end
 
 	class RECT < FFI::Struct
+		extend Util::ScopedStruct
+
 		layout \
 			:left, :long,
 			:top, :long,
 			:right, :long,
 			:bottom, :long
-
-		def self.[](l, t, r, b)
-			new.tap { |rect|
-				rect[:left], rect[:top], rect[:right], rect[:bottom] = l, t, r, b
-			}
-		end
-
-		def to_a
-			[self[:left], self[:top], self[:right], self[:bottom]]
-		end
 	end
+	#}
 
+	#{ kernel32
 	ffi_lib 'kernel32'
 	ffi_convention :stdcall
 
@@ -136,6 +167,8 @@ module WinGUI
 	module_function :Detonate, :DetonateLastError
 
 	class OSVERSIONINFOEX < FFI::Struct
+		extend Util::ScopedStruct
+
 		layout \
 			:dwOSVersionInfoSize, :ulong,
 			:dwMajorVersion, :ulong,
@@ -151,10 +184,12 @@ module WinGUI
 	end
 
 	attach_function :GetVersionEx, :GetVersionExW, [
-		:pointer
+		:pointer # OSVERSIONINFOEX.by_ref
 	], :int
 
-	VERSION = OSVERSIONINFOEX.new.tap { |ovi|
+	OSVERSION = OSVERSIONINFOEX.new.tap { |ovi|
+		at_exit { OSVERSION.pointer.free }
+
 		ovi[:dwOSVersionInfoSize] = ovi.size
 
 		DetonateLastError(0, :GetVersionEx,
@@ -201,8 +236,8 @@ module WinGUI
 	#}
 
 	NTDDI_VERSION = MAKELONG(
-		MAKEWORD(VERSION[:wServicePackMinor], VERSION[:wServicePackMajor]),
-		MAKEWORD(VERSION[:dwMinorVersion], VERSION[:dwMajorVersion])
+		MAKEWORD(OSVERSION[:wServicePackMinor], OSVERSION[:wServicePackMajor]),
+		MAKEWORD(OSVERSION[:dwMinorVersion], OSVERSION[:dwMajorVersion])
 	)
 
 	#{ WINxxx
@@ -214,6 +249,14 @@ module WinGUI
 
 	WINVER = HIWORD(NTDDI_VERSION)
 
+	if WINVER == WIN2K
+		class << FFI::Struct
+			def by_ref(*args)
+				FFI::Type::Builtin::POINTER
+			end
+		end
+	end
+
 	attach_function :GetModuleHandle, :GetModuleHandleW, [
 		:buffer_in
 	], :pointer
@@ -228,6 +271,8 @@ module WinGUI
 
 	if WINVER >= WINXP
 		class ACTCTX < FFI::Struct
+			extend Util::ScopedStruct
+
 			layout \
 				:cbSize, :ulong,
 				:dwFlags, :ulong,
@@ -241,7 +286,7 @@ module WinGUI
 		end
 
 		attach_function :CreateActCtx, :CreateActCtxW, [
-			:pointer
+			ACTCTX.by_ref
 		], :pointer
 
 		attach_function :ReleaseActCtx, [
@@ -281,7 +326,7 @@ module WinGUI
 		raise 'Visual styles already enabled' if
 			COMMON_CONTROLS_ACTCTX[:activated]
 
-		manifest = "#{ENV['TEMP']}/Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls.manifest"
+		manifest = "#{ENV['TEMP']}/WinGUI.Common-Controls.manifest"
 
 		File.open(manifest, 'w:utf-8') { |file|
 			file << <<-XML
@@ -303,15 +348,18 @@ module WinGUI
 			XML
 		}
 
-		ac = ACTCTX.new
+		ACTCTX.new { |ac|
+			ac[:cbSize] = ac.size
 
-		ac[:cbSize] = ac.size
-		ac[:lpSource] = source = PWSTR(L(manifest))
+			PWSTR(L(manifest)) { |source|
+				ac[:lpSource] = source
 
-		COMMON_CONTROLS_ACTCTX[:handle] =
-			DetonateLastError(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, :CreateActCtx,
-				ac
-			) { source.free }
+				COMMON_CONTROLS_ACTCTX[:handle] =
+					DetonateLastError(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, :CreateActCtx,
+						ac
+					)
+			}
+		}
 
 		DetonateLastError(0, :ActivateActCtx,
 			COMMON_CONTROLS_ACTCTX[:handle], COMMON_CONTROLS_ACTCTX[:cookie]
@@ -332,7 +380,9 @@ module WinGUI
 		:int,
 		:int
 	], :int
+	#}
 
+	#{ gdi32
 	ffi_lib 'gdi32'
 	ffi_convention :stdcall
 
@@ -352,18 +402,27 @@ module WinGUI
 		LOBYTE(rgb >> 16)
 	end
 
-	module_function \
-		:RGB, :GetRValue, :GetGValue, :GetBValue
+	module_function :RGB, :GetRValue, :GetGValue, :GetBValue
 
+	#{ GetDeviceCaps indices
 	LOGPIXELSX = 88
 	LOGPIXELSY = 90
+	#}
 
 	attach_function :GetDeviceCaps, [
 		:pointer,
 		:int
 	], :int
 
+	def DPIAwareFontHeight(pointSize)
+		-MulDiv(pointSize, DPIY, 72)
+	end
+
+	module_function :DPIAwareFontHeight
+
 	class LOGFONT < FFI::Struct
+		extend Util::ScopedStruct
+
 		layout \
 			:lfHeight, :long,
 			:lfWidth, :long,
@@ -382,17 +441,44 @@ module WinGUI
 	end
 
 	attach_function :CreateFontIndirect, :CreateFontIndirectW, [
-		:pointer
+		LOGFONT.by_ref(:in)
+	], :pointer
+
+	class LOGBRUSH < FFI::Struct
+		extend Util::ScopedStruct
+
+		layout \
+			:lbStyle, :uint,
+			:lbColor, :ulong,
+			:lbHatch, :ulong
+	end
+
+	attach_function :CreateBrushIndirect, [
+		LOGBRUSH.by_ref(:in)
+	], :pointer
+
+	class LOGPEN < FFI::Struct
+		extend Util::ScopedStruct
+
+		layout \
+			:lopnStyle, :uint,
+			:lopnWidth, POINT,
+			:lopnColor, :ulong
+	end
+
+	attach_function :CreatePenIndirect, [
+		LOGPEN.by_ref(:in)
 	], :pointer
 
 	attach_function :DeleteObject, [
 		:pointer
 	], :int
 
-	attach_function :SelectObject, [
+	attach_function :GetObject, :GetObjectW, [
 		:pointer,
+		:int,
 		:pointer
-	], :pointer
+	], :int
 
 	attach_function :SetBkColor, [
 		:pointer,
@@ -412,11 +498,24 @@ module WinGUI
 		:pointer
 	], :ulong
 
+	attach_function :SelectObject, [
+		:pointer,
+		:pointer
+	], :pointer
+
+	attach_function :TextOut, :TextOutW, [
+		:pointer,
+		:int,
+		:int,
+		:buffer_in,
+		:int
+	], :int
+
 	attach_function :MoveToEx, [
 		:pointer,
 		:int,
 		:int,
-		:pointer
+		POINT.by_ref(:out)
 	], :int
 
 	attach_function :LineTo, [
@@ -424,7 +523,9 @@ module WinGUI
 		:int,
 		:int
 	], :int
+	#}
 
+	#{ user32
 	ffi_lib 'user32'
 	ffi_convention :stdcall
 
@@ -434,10 +535,95 @@ module WinGUI
 		], :int
 
 		Detonate(0, :SetProcessDPIAware) unless
-			Object.const_defined?(:DPI_AWARE) &&
-			!DPI_AWARE
+			Object.const_defined?(:DPI_AWARE) && !DPI_AWARE
+	end
+
+	attach_function :GetDC, [
+		:pointer
+	], :pointer
+
+	attach_function :ReleaseDC, [
+		:pointer,
+		:pointer
+	], :int
+
+	#{ DPIxxx
+	Detonate(FFI::Pointer::NULL, :GetDC,
+		nil
+	).tap { |hdc|
+		DPIX = GetDeviceCaps(hdc, LOGPIXELSX)
+		DPIY = GetDeviceCaps(hdc, LOGPIXELSY)
+
+		ReleaseDC(nil, hdc)
+	}
+	#}
+
+	def DPIAwareX(x)
+		MulDiv(x, DPIX, 96)
+	end
+
+	def DPIAwareY(y)
+		MulDiv(y, DPIY, 96)
+	end
+
+	def DPIAwareXY(*args)
+		raise ArgumentError, 'Expected two or more, even count arguments' if
+			args.length < 2 || args.length.odd?
+
+		args.each_with_index { |arg, i|
+			args[i] = (i.even?) ? DPIAwareX(arg) : DPIAwareY(arg)
+		}
+	end
+
+	module_function :DPIAwareX, :DPIAwareY, :DPIAwareXY
+
+	#{ SM_xxx
+	SM_CXSCREEN = 0
+	SM_CYSCREEN = 1
+	#}
+
+	attach_function :GetSystemMetrics, [
+		:int
+	], :int
+
+	#{ SPI_xxx
+	class NONCLIENTMETRICS < FFI::Struct
+		extend Util::ScopedStruct
+
+		layout *[
+			:cbSize, :uint,
+			:iBorderWidth, :int,
+			:iScrollWidth, :int,
+			:iScrollHeight, :int,
+			:iCaptionWidth, :int,
+			:iCaptionHeight, :int,
+			:lfCaptionFont, LOGFONT,
+			:iSmCaptionWidth, :int,
+			:iSmCaptionHeight, :int,
+			:lfSmCaptionFont, LOGFONT,
+			:iMenuWidth, :int,
+			:iMenuHeight, :int,
+			:lfMenuFont, LOGFONT,
+			:lfStatusFont, LOGFONT,
+			:lfMessageFont, LOGFONT,
+			(WINVER >= WINVISTA) ? [:iPaddedBorderWidth, :int] : nil
+		].tap { |layout|
+			layout.flatten!
+			layout.compact!
+		}
 	end
 
+	SPI_SETNONCLIENTMETRICS = 0x002A
+	SPI_GETNONCLIENTMETRICS = 0x0029
+	#}
+
+	attach_function :SystemParametersInfo, :SystemParametersInfoW, [
+		:uint,
+		:uint,
+		:pointer,
+		:uint
+	], :int
+
 	#{ MB_xxx
 	MB_OK = 0x00000000
 	MB_OKCANCEL = 0x00000001
@@ -473,6 +659,9 @@ module WinGUI
 	IDIGNORE = 5
 	IDTRYAGAIN = 10
 	IDCONTINUE = 11
+	if WINVER >= WINXP
+		IDTIMEOUT = 32000
+	end
 	#}
 
 	attach_function :MessageBox, :MessageBoxW, [
@@ -482,6 +671,20 @@ module WinGUI
 		:uint
 	], :int
 
+	if WINVER >= WINXP
+		begin
+			attach_function :MessageBoxTimeout, :MessageBoxTimeoutW, [
+				:pointer,
+				:buffer_in,
+				:buffer_in,
+				:uint,
+				:ushort,
+				:ulong
+			], :int
+		rescue FFI::NotFoundError # MessageBoxTimeout is undocumented
+		end
+	end
+
 	#{ CS_xxx
 	CS_DBLCLKS = 0x0008
 	CS_HREDRAW = 0x0002
@@ -511,12 +714,21 @@ module WinGUI
 	], :long
 
 	#{ IDI_xxx
+	IDI_WINLOGO = FFI::Pointer.new(32517)
 	IDI_APPLICATION = FFI::Pointer.new(32512)
+	if WINVER >= WINVISTA
+		IDI_SHIELD = FFI::Pointer.new(32518)
+	end
+
+	IDI_INFORMATION = FFI::Pointer.new(32516)
+	IDI_WARNING = FFI::Pointer.new(32515)
+	IDI_ERROR = FFI::Pointer.new(32513)
+	IDI_QUESTION = FFI::Pointer.new(32514)
 	#}
 
 	attach_function :LoadIcon, :LoadIconW, [
 		:pointer,
-		:pointer
+		:buffer_in
 	], :pointer
 
 	#{ IDC_xxx
@@ -524,6 +736,7 @@ module WinGUI
 	IDC_WAIT = FFI::Pointer.new(32514)
 	IDC_APPSTARTING = FFI::Pointer.new(32650)
 	IDC_HAND = FFI::Pointer.new(32649)
+	IDC_CROSS = FFI::Pointer.new(32515)
 	IDC_SIZEALL = FFI::Pointer.new(32646)
 	IDC_SIZENS = FFI::Pointer.new(32645)
 	IDC_SIZEWE = FFI::Pointer.new(32644)
@@ -533,7 +746,7 @@ module WinGUI
 
 	attach_function :LoadCursor, :LoadCursorW, [
 		:pointer,
-		:pointer
+		:buffer_in
 	], :pointer
 
 	#{ COLOR/CTLCOLOR_xxx
@@ -544,6 +757,8 @@ module WinGUI
 	#}
 
 	class WNDCLASSEX < FFI::Struct
+		extend Util::ScopedStruct
+
 		layout \
 			:cbSize, :uint,
 			:style, :uint,
@@ -560,18 +775,18 @@ module WinGUI
 	end
 
 	attach_function :RegisterClassEx, :RegisterClassExW, [
-		:pointer
+		WNDCLASSEX.by_ref(:in)
 	], :ushort
 
 	attach_function :UnregisterClass, :UnregisterClassW, [
-		:pointer,
+		:buffer_in,
 		:pointer
 	], :int
 
 	attach_function :GetClassInfoEx, :GetClassInfoExW, [
 		:pointer,
-		:pointer,
-		:pointer
+		:buffer_in,
+		WNDCLASSEX.by_ref(:out)
 	], :int
 
 	#{ WS_xxx
@@ -661,7 +876,7 @@ module WinGUI
 
 	attach_function :GetClassName, :GetClassNameW, [
 		:pointer,
-		:pointer,
+		:buffer_out,
 		:int
 	], :int
 
@@ -772,31 +987,31 @@ module WinGUI
 
 	attach_function :GetWindowRect, [
 		:pointer,
-		:pointer
+		RECT.by_ref(:out)
 	], :int
 
 	attach_function :GetClientRect, [
 		:pointer,
-		:pointer
+		RECT.by_ref(:out)
 	], :int
 
 	attach_function :GetCursorPos, [
-		:pointer
+		POINT.by_ref(:out)
 	], :int
 
 	attach_function :ScreenToClient, [
 		:pointer,
-		:pointer
+		POINT.by_ref
 	], :int
 
 	attach_function :ClientToScreen, [
 		:pointer,
-		:pointer
+		POINT.by_ref
 	], :int
 
 	attach_function :InvalidateRect, [
 		:pointer,
-		:pointer,
+		RECT.by_ref(:in),
 		:int
 	], :int
 
@@ -804,49 +1019,27 @@ module WinGUI
 		:pointer
 	], :int
 
-	attach_function :GetDC, [
+	attach_function :SetCapture, [
 		:pointer
 	], :pointer
 
-	attach_function :ReleaseDC, [
-		:pointer,
-		:pointer
-	], :int
-
-	Detonate(FFI::Pointer::NULL, :GetDC,
-		nil
-	).tap { |hdc|
-		DPIX = GetDeviceCaps(hdc, LOGPIXELSX)
-		DPIY = GetDeviceCaps(hdc, LOGPIXELSY)
+	attach_function :ReleaseCapture, [
 
-		ReleaseDC(nil, hdc)
-	}
-
-	def DPIScaleX(x)
-		MulDiv(x, DPIX, 96)
-	end
+	], :int
 
-	def DPIScaleY(y)
-		MulDiv(y, DPIY, 96)
-	end
+	attach_function :GetCapture, [
 
-	def DPIScale(*args)
-		case args.length
-		when 2 # POINT, SIZE
-			[DPIScaleX(args[0]), DPIScaleY(args[1])]
-		when 4 # RECT
-			[
-				DPIScaleX(args[0]), DPIScaleY(args[1]),
-				DPIScaleX(args[2]), DPIScaleY(args[3])
-			]
-		else
-			raise ArgumentError
-		end
-	end
+	], :pointer
 
-	module_function :DPIScaleX, :DPIScaleY, :DPIScale
+	attach_function :GetUpdateRect, [
+		:pointer,
+		RECT.by_ref(:out),
+		:int
+	], :int
 
 	class PAINTSTRUCT < FFI::Struct
+		extend Util::ScopedStruct
+
 		layout \
 			:hdc, :pointer,
 			:fErase, :int,
@@ -858,12 +1051,12 @@ module WinGUI
 
 	attach_function :BeginPaint, [
 		:pointer,
-		:pointer
+		PAINTSTRUCT.by_ref(:out)
 	], :pointer
 
 	attach_function :EndPaint, [
 		:pointer,
-		:pointer
+		PAINTSTRUCT.by_ref(:in)
 	], :int
 
 	attach_function :SetMenu, [
@@ -890,6 +1083,8 @@ module WinGUI
 
 	#{ WM_xxx
 	class CREATESTRUCT < FFI::Struct
+		extend Util::ScopedStruct
+
 		layout \
 			:lpCreateParams, :pointer,
 			:hInstance, :pointer,
@@ -918,6 +1113,18 @@ module WinGUI
 
 	WM_PAINT = 0x000F
 
+	def GET_X_LPARAM(lParam)
+		((x = LOWORD(lParam)) > 0x7fff) ?
+			x - 0x1_0000 :
+			x
+	end
+
+	def GET_Y_LPARAM(lParam)
+		((y = HIWORD(lParam)) > 0x7fff) ?
+			y - 0x1_0000 :
+			y
+	end
+
 	WM_LBUTTONDOWN = 0x0201
 	WM_LBUTTONUP = 0x0202
 	WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK = 0x0203
@@ -932,6 +1139,8 @@ module WinGUI
 	WM_COMMAND = 0x0111
 
 	class NMHDR < FFI::Struct
+		extend Util::ScopedStruct
+
 		layout \
 			:hwndFrom, :pointer,
 			:idFrom, :uint,
@@ -958,6 +1167,8 @@ module WinGUI
 	], :int
 
 	class MSG < FFI::Struct
+		extend Util::ScopedStruct
+
 		layout \
 			:hwnd, :pointer,
 			:message, :uint,
@@ -968,7 +1179,7 @@ module WinGUI
 	end
 
 	attach_function :GetMessage, :GetMessageW, [
-		:pointer,
+		MSG.by_ref(:out),
 		:pointer,
 		:uint,
 		:uint
@@ -976,21 +1187,21 @@ module WinGUI
 
 	attach_function :IsDialogMessage, [
 		:pointer,
-		:pointer
+		MSG.by_ref(:in)
 	], :int
 
 	attach_function :TranslateAccelerator, :TranslateAcceleratorW, [
 		:pointer,
 		:pointer,
-		:pointer
+		MSG.by_ref(:in)
 	], :int
 
 	attach_function :TranslateMessage, [
-		:pointer
+		MSG.by_ref(:in)
 	], :int
 
 	attach_function :DispatchMessage, :DispatchMessageW, [
-		:pointer
+		MSG.by_ref(:in)
 	], :long
 
 	attach_function :PostQuitMessage, [
@@ -1081,6 +1292,8 @@ module WinGUI
 	#}
 
 	class ACCEL < FFI::Struct
+		extend Util::ScopedStruct
+
 		layout \
 			:fVirt, :uchar,
 			:key, :ushort,
@@ -1095,40 +1308,5 @@ module WinGUI
 	attach_function :DestroyAcceleratorTable, [
 		:pointer
 	], :int
-
-	#{ SPI_xxx
-	class NONCLIENTMETRICS < FFI::Struct
-		layout *[
-			:cbSize, :uint,
-			:iBorderWidth, :int,
-			:iScrollWidth, :int,
-			:iScrollHeight, :int,
-			:iCaptionWidth, :int,
-			:iCaptionHeight, :int,
-			:lfCaptionFont, LOGFONT,
-			:iSmCaptionWidth, :int,
-			:iSmCaptionHeight, :int,
-			:lfSmCaptionFont, LOGFONT,
-			:iMenuWidth, :int,
-			:iMenuHeight, :int,
-			:lfMenuFont, LOGFONT,
-			:lfStatusFont, LOGFONT,
-			:lfMessageFont, LOGFONT,
-			(WINVER >= WINVISTA) ? [:iPaddedBorderWidth, :int] : nil
-		].tap { |layout|
-			layout.flatten!
-			layout.compact!
-		}
-	end
-
-	SPI_SETNONCLIENTMETRICS = 0x002A
-	SPI_GETNONCLIENTMETRICS = 0x0029
 	#}
-
-	attach_function :SystemParametersInfo, :SystemParametersInfoW, [
-		:uint,
-		:uint,
-		:pointer,
-		:uint
-	], :int
 end