ffi-geos 1.2.0 → 2.2.0

data/test/interrupt_tests.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
-# encoding: UTF-8
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-$: << File.dirname(__FILE__)
 require 'test_helper'
 
 class InterruptTests < Minitest::Test
@@ -37,11 +35,11 @@ class InterruptTests < Minitest::Test
     interrupt_tester do
       geom = read('LINESTRING(0 0, 1 0)')
 
-      Geos::Interrupt.register(self.method(:interrupt_method))
+      Geos::Interrupt.register(method(:interrupt_method))
 
       begin
         buffer = geom.buffer(1, 8)
-      rescue => e
+      rescue StandardError => e
         # no-op
       ensure
         assert_match(/^InterruptedException/, e.message)
@@ -64,7 +62,7 @@ class InterruptTests < Minitest::Test
 
       begin
         buffer = geom.buffer(1, 8)
-      rescue => e
+      rescue StandardError => e
         # no-op
       ensure
         assert_match(/^InterruptedException/, e.message)
@@ -89,7 +87,7 @@ class InterruptTests < Minitest::Test
 
       begin
         buffer = geom.buffer(1, 8)
-      rescue => e
+      rescue StandardError => e
         # no-op
       ensure
         assert_match(/^InterruptedException/, e.message)
@@ -116,7 +114,7 @@ class InterruptTests < Minitest::Test
       prc_1 = proc {
         interrupt_called
         called << :prc_1
-        prev.call if prev
+        prev&.call
       }
 
       Geos::Interrupt.register(prc_0)
@@ -124,13 +122,13 @@ class InterruptTests < Minitest::Test
 
       begin
         buffer = geom.buffer(1, 8)
-      rescue => e
+      rescue StandardError => e
         # no-op
       ensure
         assert_match(/^InterruptedException/, e.message)
         assert_nil(buffer)
         assert_interrupt_called(1)
-        assert_equal([ :prc_1, :prc_0 ], called)
+        assert_equal([:prc_1, :prc_0], called)
       end
     end
   end
@@ -162,7 +160,7 @@ class InterruptTests < Minitest::Test
 
     begin
       buffer = geom.buffer(1, 8)
-    rescue => e
+    rescue StandardError => e
       assert_match(/^InterruptedException/, e.message)
       assert_nil(buffer)
     end
@@ -184,7 +182,7 @@ class InterruptTests < Minitest::Test
     skip unless ENV['FORCE_TESTS'] || Geos::Interrupt.available?
 
     assert_raises(ArgumentError) do
-      Geos::Interrupt.register(self.method(:interrupt_method)) do
+      Geos::Interrupt.register(method(:interrupt_method)) do
         # no-op
       end
     end
@@ -198,4 +196,3 @@ class InterruptTests < Minitest::Test
     end
   end
 end
-

data/test/line_string_tests.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
-# encoding: UTF-8
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-$: << File.dirname(__FILE__)
 require 'test_helper'
 
 class LineStringTests < Minitest::Test
@@ -49,7 +47,7 @@ class LineStringTests < Minitest::Test
       'POINT (1 1)'
     ], geom[0, 2].collect { |g| write(g) })
 
-    assert_equal(nil, geom[0, -1])
+    assert_nil(geom[0, -1])
     assert_equal([], geom[-1, 0])
     assert_equal([
       'POINT (1 1)',
@@ -73,11 +71,10 @@ class LineStringTests < Minitest::Test
       :offset_curve,
       'LINESTRING (0 2, 10 2)',
       'LINESTRING (0 0, 10 0)',
-      2, {
-        :quad_segs => 0,
-        :join => :round,
-        :mitre_limit => 2
-      }
+      2,
+      quad_segs: 0,
+      join: :round,
+      mitre_limit: 2
     )
 
     # straight right
@@ -85,11 +82,10 @@ class LineStringTests < Minitest::Test
       :offset_curve,
       'LINESTRING (10 -2, 0 -2)',
       'LINESTRING (0 0, 10 0)',
-      -2, {
-        :quad_segs => 0,
-        :join => :round,
-        :mitre_limit => 2
-      }
+      -2,
+      quad_segs: 0,
+      join: :round,
+      mitre_limit: 2
     )
 
     # outside curve
@@ -97,11 +93,10 @@ class LineStringTests < Minitest::Test
       :offset_curve,
       'LINESTRING (12 10, 12 0, 10 -2, 0 -2)',
       'LINESTRING (0 0, 10 0, 10 10)',
-      -2, {
-        :quad_segs => 1,
-        :join => :round,
-        :mitre_limit => 2
-      }
+      -2,
+      quad_segs: 1,
+      join: :round,
+      mitre_limit: 2
     )
 
     # inside curve
@@ -109,11 +104,10 @@ class LineStringTests < Minitest::Test
       :offset_curve,
       'LINESTRING (0 2, 8 2, 8 10)',
       'LINESTRING (0 0, 10 0, 10 10)',
-      2, {
-        :quad_segs => 1,
-        :join => :round,
-        :mitre_limit => 2
-      }
+      2,
+      quad_segs: 1,
+      join: :round,
+      mitre_limit: 2
     )
   end
 
@@ -174,7 +168,7 @@ class LineStringTests < Minitest::Test
 
     srid_copy_tester(:to_linear_ring, expected, 0, :zero, wkt)
     srid_copy_tester(:to_linear_ring, expected, 4326, :lenient, wkt)
-    srid_copy_tester(:to_linear_ring,  expected, 4326, :strict, wkt)
+    srid_copy_tester(:to_linear_ring, expected, 4326, :strict, wkt)
   end
 
   def test_to_polygon
@@ -192,6 +186,200 @@ class LineStringTests < Minitest::Test
 
     srid_copy_tester(:to_polygon, expected, 0, :zero, wkt)
     srid_copy_tester(:to_polygon, expected, 4326, :lenient, wkt)
-    srid_copy_tester(:to_polygon,  expected, 4326, :strict, wkt)
+    srid_copy_tester(:to_polygon, expected, 4326, :strict, wkt)
+  end
+
+  def test_x_max
+    geom = read('LINESTRING (0 0, 5 0, 8 9, -10 5, 0 0)')
+    assert_equal(8, geom.x_max)
+  end
+
+  def test_x_min
+    geom = read('LINESTRING (0 0, 5 0, 8 9, -10 5, 0 0)')
+    assert_equal(-10, geom.x_min)
+  end
+
+  def test_y_max
+    geom = read('LINESTRING (0 0, 5 0, 8 9, -10 5, 0 0)')
+    assert_equal(9, geom.y_max)
+  end
+
+  def test_y_min
+    geom = read('LINESTRING (0 0, 5 0, 8 9, -10 5, 0 0)')
+    assert_equal(0, geom.y_min)
+  end
+
+  def test_z_max
+    geom = read('LINESTRING (0 0, 5 0, 8 9, -10 5, 0 0)')
+    assert_equal(0, geom.z_max)
+
+    geom = read('LINESTRING Z (0 0 0, 5 0 3, 8 9 4, -10 5 3, 0 0 0)')
+    assert_equal(4, geom.z_max)
+  end
+
+  def test_z_min
+    geom = read('LINESTRING (0 0, 5 0, 8 9, -10 5, 0 0)')
+    assert_equal(0, geom.z_min)
+
+    geom = read('LINESTRING Z (0 0 0, 5 0 3, 8 9 4, -10 5 3, 0 0 0)')
+    assert_equal(0, geom.z_min)
+  end
+
+  def test_snap_to_grid
+    wkt = 'LINESTRING (-10.12 0, -10.12 5, -10.12 5, -10.12 6, -10.12 6, -10.12 6, -10.12 7, -10.12 7, -10.12 7, -10.12 8, -10.12 8, -9 8, -9 9, -10.12 0)'
+    expected = 'LINESTRING (-10 0, -10 5, -10 6, -10 7, -10 8, -9 8, -9 9, -10 0)'
+
+    simple_bang_tester(:snap_to_grid, expected, wkt, 1)
+  end
+
+  def test_snap_to_grid_empty
+    assert(read('LINESTRING EMPTY').snap_to_grid!.empty?, 'Expected an empty LineString')
+  end
+
+  def test_snap_to_grid_with_srid
+    wkt = 'LINESTRING (0.1 0.1, 0.1 5.1, 5.1 5.1, 5.1 0.1, 0.1 0.1)'
+    expected = 'LINESTRING (0 0, 0 5, 5 5, 5 0, 0 0)'
+
+    srid_copy_tester(:snap_to_grid, expected, 0, :zero, wkt, 1)
+    srid_copy_tester(:snap_to_grid, expected, 4326, :lenient, wkt, 1)
+    srid_copy_tester(:snap_to_grid, expected, 4326, :strict, wkt, 1)
+  end
+
+  def test_rotate
+    writer.rounding_precision = 2
+
+    wkt = 'LINESTRING (0 0, 10 10)'
+
+    affine_tester(:rotate, 'LINESTRING (30 10, 20 20)', wkt, Math::PI / 2, [10.0, 20.0])
+    affine_tester(:rotate, 'LINESTRING (-3 1, 7 -9)', wkt, -Math::PI / 2, [-1.0, 2.0])
+    affine_tester(:rotate, 'LINESTRING (2 2, -8 -8)', wkt, Math::PI, read('POINT(1 1)'))
+    affine_tester(:rotate, 'LINESTRING (0.5 -0.5, -9.5 9.5)', wkt, Math::PI / 2, read('LINESTRING(0 0, 1 0)'))
+  end
+
+  def test_rotate_x
+    writer.output_dimensions = 3
+    writer.rounding_precision = 2
+
+    wkt = 'LINESTRING Z (1 1 1, 10 10 10)'
+
+    affine_tester(:rotate_x, 'LINESTRING Z (1 -1 -1, 10 -10 -10)', wkt, Math::PI)
+    affine_tester(:rotate_x, 'LINESTRING Z (1 -1 1, 10 -10 10)', wkt, Math::PI / 2)
+    affine_tester(:rotate_x, 'LINESTRING Z (1 1 -1, 10 10 -10)', wkt, Math::PI + Math::PI / 2)
+    affine_tester(:rotate_x, wkt, wkt, Math::PI * 2)
+  end
+
+  def test_rotate_y
+    writer.output_dimensions = 3
+    writer.rounding_precision = 2
+
+    wkt = 'LINESTRING Z (1 1 1, 10 10 10)'
+
+    affine_tester(:rotate_y, 'LINESTRING Z (-1 1 -1, -10 10 -10)', wkt, Math::PI)
+    affine_tester(:rotate_y, 'LINESTRING Z (1 1 -1, 10 10 -10)', wkt, Math::PI / 2)
+    affine_tester(:rotate_y, 'LINESTRING Z (-1 1 1, -10 10 10)', wkt, Math::PI + Math::PI / 2)
+    affine_tester(:rotate_y, wkt, wkt, Math::PI * 2)
+  end
+
+  def test_rotate_z
+    writer.rounding_precision = 2
+
+    wkt = 'LINESTRING (1 1, 10 10)'
+
+    affine_tester(:rotate_z, 'LINESTRING (-1 -1, -10 -10)', wkt, Math::PI)
+    affine_tester(:rotate_z, 'LINESTRING (-1 1, -10 10)', wkt, Math::PI / 2)
+    affine_tester(:rotate_z, 'LINESTRING (1 -1, 10 -10)', wkt, Math::PI + Math::PI / 2)
+    affine_tester(:rotate_z, wkt, wkt, Math::PI * 2)
+  end
+
+  def test_scale
+    affine_tester(:scale, 'LINESTRING (5 5, 50 50)', 'LINESTRING (1 1, 10 10)', 5, 5)
+    affine_tester(:scale, 'LINESTRING (3 2, 30 20)', 'LINESTRING (1 1, 10 10)', 3, 2)
+
+    writer.output_dimensions = 3
+    affine_tester(:scale, 'LINESTRING Z (40 40 40, 80 80 80)', 'LINESTRING Z (10 20 -5, 20 40 -10)', 4, 2, -8)
+  end
+
+  def test_scale_hash
+    affine_tester(:scale, 'LINESTRING (5 5, 50 50)', 'LINESTRING (1 1, 10 10)', x: 5, y: 5)
+    affine_tester(:scale, 'LINESTRING (3 2, 30 20)', 'LINESTRING (1 1, 10 10)', x: 3, y: 2)
+
+    writer.output_dimensions = 3
+    affine_tester(:scale, 'LINESTRING Z (40 40 40, 80 80 80)', 'LINESTRING Z (10 20 -5, 20 40 -10)', x: 4, y: 2, z: -8)
+  end
+
+  def test_trans_scale
+    affine_tester(:trans_scale, 'LINESTRING (2 2, 11 11)', 'LINESTRING (1 1, 10 10)', 1, 1, 1, 1)
+    affine_tester(:trans_scale, 'LINESTRING (3 3, 12 12)', 'LINESTRING (2 2, 11 11)', 1, 1, 1, 1)
+    affine_tester(:trans_scale, 'LINESTRING (0 0, -9 -9)', 'LINESTRING (1 1, 10 10)', -1, -1, -1, -1)
+    affine_tester(:trans_scale, 'LINESTRING (1 2, 10 11)', 'LINESTRING (1 1, 10 10)', 0, 1, 1, 1)
+    affine_tester(:trans_scale, 'LINESTRING (2 1, 11 10)', 'LINESTRING (1 1, 10 10)', 1, 0, 1, 1)
+    affine_tester(:trans_scale, 'LINESTRING (0 2, 0 11)', 'LINESTRING (1 1, 10 10)', 1, 1, 0, 1)
+    affine_tester(:trans_scale, 'LINESTRING (2 0, 11 0)', 'LINESTRING (1 1, 10 10)', 1, 1, 1, 0)
+    affine_tester(:trans_scale, 'LINESTRING (3 2, 12 11)', 'LINESTRING (1 1, 10 10)', 2, 1, 1, 1)
+    affine_tester(:trans_scale, 'LINESTRING (2 3, 11 12)', 'LINESTRING (1 1, 10 10)', 1, 2, 1, 1)
+    affine_tester(:trans_scale, 'LINESTRING (4 2, 22 11)', 'LINESTRING (1 1, 10 10)', 1, 1, 2, 1)
+    affine_tester(:trans_scale, 'LINESTRING (2 4, 11 22)', 'LINESTRING (1 1, 10 10)', 1, 1, 1, 2)
+    affine_tester(:trans_scale, 'LINESTRING (15 28, 60 91)', 'LINESTRING (1 1, 10 10)', 2, 3, 5, 7)
+
+    writer.output_dimensions = 3
+    affine_tester(:trans_scale, 'LINESTRING Z (15 28 1, 60 91 10)', 'LINESTRING Z (1 1 1, 10 10 10)', 2, 3, 5, 7)
+  end
+
+  def test_trans_scale_hash
+    affine_tester(:trans_scale, 'LINESTRING (2 2, 11 11)', 'LINESTRING (1 1, 10 10)', delta_x: 1, delta_y: 1, x_factor: 1, y_factor: 1)
+
+    writer.output_dimensions = 3
+    affine_tester(:trans_scale, 'LINESTRING Z (15 28 1, 60 91 10)', 'LINESTRING Z (1 1 1, 10 10 10)', delta_x: 2, delta_y: 3, x_factor: 5, y_factor: 7)
+    affine_tester(:trans_scale, 'LINESTRING Z (3 1 1, 12 10 10)', 'LINESTRING Z (1 1 1, 10 10 10)', delta_x: 2, z_factor: 2)
+  end
+
+  def test_translate
+    affine_tester(:translate, 'LINESTRING (5 12, 15 22)', 'LINESTRING (0 0, 10 10)', 5, 12)
+
+    writer.output_dimensions = 3
+    affine_tester(:translate, 'LINESTRING Z (-3 -7 3, 7 3 13)', 'LINESTRING Z (0 0 0, 10 10 10)', -3, -7, 3)
+  end
+
+  def test_translate_hash
+    affine_tester(:translate, 'LINESTRING (5 12, 15 22)', 'LINESTRING (0 0, 10 10)', x: 5, y: 12)
+
+    writer.output_dimensions = 3
+    affine_tester(:translate, 'LINESTRING Z (-3 -7 3, 7 3 13)', 'LINESTRING Z (0 0 0, 10 10 10)', x: -3, y: -7, z: 3)
+  end
+
+  def test_line_interpolate_point
+    %w{
+      line_interpolate_point
+      interpolate_point
+    }.each do |method|
+      writer.output_dimensions = 2
+      simple_tester(method, 'POINT (0 0)', 'LINESTRING (0 0, 1 1)', 0)
+      simple_tester(method, 'POINT (1 1)', 'LINESTRING (0 0, 1 1)', 1)
+      simple_tester(method, 'POINT (0 25)', 'LINESTRING (0 0, 0 25, 0 50, 0 75, 0 100)', 0.25)
+
+      writer.output_dimensions = 3
+      simple_tester(method, 'POINT Z (0.5 0.5 7.5)', 'LINESTRING(0 0 10, 1 1 5)', 0.5)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_line_interpolate_point_with_srid
+    writer.trim = true
+
+    srid_copy_tester(:line_interpolate_point, 'POINT (0 0)', 0, :zero, 'LINESTRING (0 0, 1 1)', 0)
+    srid_copy_tester(:line_interpolate_point, 'POINT (0 0)', 4326, :lenient, 'LINESTRING (0 0, 1 1)', 0)
+    srid_copy_tester(:line_interpolate_point, 'POINT (0 0)', 4326, :strict, 'LINESTRING (0 0, 1 1)', 0)
+
+    srid_copy_tester(:line_interpolate_point, 'POINT (1 1)', 0, :zero, 'LINESTRING (0 0, 1 1)', 1)
+    srid_copy_tester(:line_interpolate_point, 'POINT (1 1)', 4326, :lenient, 'LINESTRING (0 0, 1 1)', 1)
+    srid_copy_tester(:line_interpolate_point, 'POINT (1 1)', 4326, :strict, 'LINESTRING (0 0, 1 1)', 1)
+
+    srid_copy_tester(:line_interpolate_point, 'POINT (0 25)', 0, :zero, 'LINESTRING (0 0, 0 25, 0 50, 0 75, 0 100)', 0.25)
+    srid_copy_tester(:line_interpolate_point, 'POINT (0 25)', 4326, :lenient, 'LINESTRING (0 0, 0 25, 0 50, 0 75, 0 100)', 0.25)
+    srid_copy_tester(:line_interpolate_point, 'POINT (0 25)', 4326, :strict, 'LINESTRING (0 0, 0 25, 0 50, 0 75, 0 100)', 0.25)
+
+    writer.output_dimensions = 3
+    srid_copy_tester(:line_interpolate_point, 'POINT Z (0.5 0.5 7.5)', 0, :zero, 'LINESTRING(0 0 10, 1 1 5)', 0.5)
+    srid_copy_tester(:line_interpolate_point, 'POINT Z (0.5 0.5 7.5)', 4326, :lenient, 'LINESTRING(0 0 10, 1 1 5)', 0.5)
+    srid_copy_tester(:line_interpolate_point, 'POINT Z (0.5 0.5 7.5)', 4326, :strict, 'LINESTRING(0 0 10, 1 1 5)', 0.5)
   end
 end

data/test/linear_ring_tests.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
-# encoding: UTF-8
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-$: << File.dirname(__FILE__)
 require 'test_helper'
 
 class LinearRingTests < Minitest::Test
@@ -41,6 +39,6 @@ class LinearRingTests < Minitest::Test
 
     srid_copy_tester(:to_line_string, expected, 0, :zero, wkt)
     srid_copy_tester(:to_line_string, expected, 4326, :lenient, wkt)
-    srid_copy_tester(:to_line_string,  expected, 4326, :strict, wkt)
+    srid_copy_tester(:to_line_string, expected, 4326, :strict, wkt)
   end
 end

data/test/misc_tests.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
-# encoding: UTF-8
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-$: << File.dirname(__FILE__)
 require 'test_helper'
 
 class MiscTests < Minitest::Test
@@ -10,7 +8,7 @@ class MiscTests < Minitest::Test
   def thread_tester(name, dims, byte_order, polygon, pause)
     msg = proc { |*args| @messages << "#{name}: #{args.inspect}" }
 
-    3.times {
+    3.times do
       sleep(pause)
       wktr = Geos::WktReader.new
       wkbw = Geos::WkbWriter.new
@@ -20,36 +18,36 @@ class MiscTests < Minitest::Test
       msg[geom.valid?]
       msg[wkbw.write_hex(geom)]
       GC.start
-    }
+    end
   end
 
   def test_multithreading
     @messages = []
 
-    t1 = Thread.new {
-      thread_tester('t1', 2, 0, 'POLYGON((0 0, 0 5, 5 5, 5 0, 0 0))', 0.2)
-    }
+    thread_1 = Thread.new do
+      thread_tester('thread_1', 2, 0, 'POLYGON((0 0, 0 5, 5 5, 5 0, 0 0))', 0.2)
+    end
 
-    t2 = Thread.new {
-      thread_tester('t2', 3, 1, 'POLYGON((0 0 0, 0 5 0, 5 5 0, 5 10 0, 0 0 0))', 0.1)
-    }
+    thread_2 = Thread.new do
+      thread_tester('thread_2', 3, 1, 'POLYGON((0 0 0, 0 5 0, 5 5 0, 5 10 0, 0 0 0))', 0.1)
+    end
 
-    t1.join
-    t2.join
+    thread_1.join
+    thread_2.join
 
     assert_equal([
-      "t1: [\"000000000300000001000000050000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004014000000000000401400000000000040140000000000004014000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\"]",
-      "t1: [\"000000000300000001000000050000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004014000000000000401400000000000040140000000000004014000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\"]",
-      "t1: [\"000000000300000001000000050000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004014000000000000401400000000000040140000000000004014000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\"]",
-      "t1: [true]",
-      "t1: [true]",
-      "t1: [true]",
-      "t2: [\"01030000800100000005000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000014400000000000000000000000000000144000000000000014400000000000000000000000000000144000000000000024400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\"]",
-      "t2: [\"01030000800100000005000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000014400000000000000000000000000000144000000000000014400000000000000000000000000000144000000000000024400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\"]",
-      "t2: [\"01030000800100000005000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000014400000000000000000000000000000144000000000000014400000000000000000000000000000144000000000000024400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\"]",
-      "t2: [false]",
-      "t2: [false]",
-      "t2: [false]"
+      'thread_1: ["000000000300000001000000050000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004014000000000000401400000000000040140000000000004014000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"]',
+      'thread_1: ["000000000300000001000000050000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004014000000000000401400000000000040140000000000004014000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"]',
+      'thread_1: ["000000000300000001000000050000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004014000000000000401400000000000040140000000000004014000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"]',
+      'thread_1: [true]',
+      'thread_1: [true]',
+      'thread_1: [true]',
+      'thread_2: ["01030000800100000005000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000014400000000000000000000000000000144000000000000014400000000000000000000000000000144000000000000024400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"]',
+      'thread_2: ["01030000800100000005000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000014400000000000000000000000000000144000000000000014400000000000000000000000000000144000000000000024400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"]',
+      'thread_2: ["01030000800100000005000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000014400000000000000000000000000000144000000000000014400000000000000000000000000000144000000000000024400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"]',
+      'thread_2: [false]',
+      'thread_2: [false]',
+      'thread_2: [false]'
     ], @messages.sort)
   end
 
@@ -108,12 +106,12 @@ class MiscTests < Minitest::Test
   end
 
   def notice_handler_tester
-    results = ''.dup
+    results = +''
     geom = read('POLYGON((0 0, 0 5, 5 0, 5 5, 0 0))')
 
     yield results
 
-    refute(geom.valid?, "Expected geom to be invalid")
+    refute(geom.valid?, 'Expected geom to be invalid')
     assert_match(/^NOTICE: .+$/, results)
   ensure
     Geos.current_handle.reset_notice_handler
@@ -152,7 +150,7 @@ class MiscTests < Minitest::Test
   end
 
   def error_handler_tester
-    results = ''.dup
+    results = +''
     geom = nil
 
     yield results
@@ -168,7 +166,7 @@ class MiscTests < Minitest::Test
   end
 
   def error_handler_method(results, *args)
-    message = "ERROR: #{args[0] % args[1]}".dup
+    message = +"ERROR: #{args[0] % args[1]}"
     results << message
     raise message
   end
@@ -186,7 +184,7 @@ class MiscTests < Minitest::Test
 
     error_handler_tester do |results|
       Geos.current_handle.error_handler = proc do |*args|
-        message = "ERROR: #{args[0] % args[1]}".dup
+        message = +"ERROR: #{args[0] % args[1]}"
         results << message
         raise message
       end
@@ -198,7 +196,7 @@ class MiscTests < Minitest::Test
 
     error_handler_tester do |results|
       Geos.current_handle.error_handler do |*args|
-        message = "ERROR: #{args[0] % args[1]}".dup
+        message = +"ERROR: #{args[0] % args[1]}"
         results << message
         raise message
       end