feed-abstract 0.0.5 → 0.0.6
This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.
- data/feed-abstract.gemspec +18 -11
- data/lib/feed-abstract/channel/rdf.rb +2 -2
- data/lib/feed-abstract/channel/rss.rb +4 -4
- data/lib/feed-abstract/item/atom.rb +1 -1
- data/lib/feed-abstract/item/rdf.rb +2 -2
- data/lib/feed-abstract/item/rss.rb +3 -3
- data/lib/feed-abstract/mixins.rb +2 -2
- data/lib/feed-abstract/version.rb +1 -1
- data/spec/feed_abstract_channel_spec.rb +19 -1
- data/spec/feed_abstract_item_spec.rb +16 -0
- data/spec/feed_abstract_spec.rb +1 -0
- data/spec/spec_helper.rb +3 -1
- data/spec/test_data/pyblosxom.atom +630 -0
- metadata +107 -85
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xml:lang="en">
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<title type="text">Copyrighteous</title>
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<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/</id>
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<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous" />
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<author>
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<name>Benjamin Mako Hill</name>
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<uri>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/</uri>
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<email>mako@atdot.cc</email>
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</author>
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<rights>Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike</rights>
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<generator uri="http://pyblosxom.sourceforge.net/" version="1.5rc2 20100803">
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PyBlosxom http://pyblosxom.sourceforge.net/ 1.5rc2 20100803
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</generator>
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<updated>2011-09-15T05:21:00Z</updated>
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<entry>
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<title type="html">Anxiety
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</title>
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<category term="" />
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<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/09/15/20110913-00</id>
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<updated>2011-09-15T05:21:00Z</updated>
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<published>2011-09-15T05:21:00Z</published>
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<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110913-00" />
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<content type="html"><div><a href='http://www.flickr.com/photos/nffcnnr/401047557/' target='_blank'><img src='http://farm1.static.flickr.com/137/401047557_1dda26e16f.jpg' width=350 alt='MailBoxes by nffcnnr, on Flickr' title='MailBoxes by nffcnnr, on Flickr' border='0'/></a><br/><a href='http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/' target='_blank'><img src='http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/2.0/80x15.png' alt='Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic License' title='Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic License' border='0' align='left'></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;by&nbsp;<a href='http://www.flickr.com/people/nffcnnr/' target='_blank'>&nbsp;nffcnnr</a><a href='http://www.imagecodr.org/' target='_blank'>&nbsp;</a></div><p>I am haunted by the nagging fear that I have mailboxes, tucked into a
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dark corner of an office somewhere, and perhaps even full of checks
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and important documents, that I don't know exist.</p>
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<entry>
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<title type="html">In Defense of Negativity
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<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/09/03/20110903-00</id>
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<updated>2011-09-04T00:01:35Z</updated>
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<published>2011-09-04T00:01:35Z</published>
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<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110903-00" />
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<content type="html"><p>I often hear criticism of &quot;negative campaigning&quot; in the free software
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movement. For example, in reply to a <a class="reference external" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20090109-00.comment">blog post I once wrote</a> about
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an FSF campaign, several people argued against, &quot;negative campaigning
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of any sort, in any realm.&quot; Drawing an analogy to political <a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smear_campaign">smear
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campaigns</a>, some members of the free software community have taken
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the position that <a class="reference external" href="http://castrojo.wordpress.com/2009/01/09/badvista-declares-pyrrhic-victory/#comment-745">negative campaigning in general is not useful</a>
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and that negativity has no place in our advocacy.</p>
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<p>First, it is important to be clear on what we mean by a negative
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campaigns. I believe that there is a fundamental difference between
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speaking out against policies or actions and smear campaigns that
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employ untrue claims, ad hominem attacks, and that attempt to avoid a
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real conversation about issues. I will categorically condemn the
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latter form of smear campaigning in campaigns for software freedom or
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for anything else.</p>
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<p>That said, negativity directed at negativity has had a positive effect
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in many social movements. I have supported and participated in
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&quot;negative&quot; campaigns against proprietary software, software patents,
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DRM, centralized network services, and the firms behind these
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practices. I've done so because I believe that if one is taking an
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ethical position, it is justified, and often necessary, to not only
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speak about the benefits of freedom but against acts of dispossession
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and disenfranchisement.</p>
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<p>In some of the most effective social movements, unambiguously negative
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messages have been central. Should a campaign for abolishing child
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labor talk only about how valuable adult workers are to their
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employers or how happy kids are when they don't work? Should a
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campaign trying to abolish land mines talk only about the benefits of
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bomb-free fields and intact lower limbs? Should a free speech
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organization only speak out about the social welfare brought by a free
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press and never against acts of censorship? These may seem like
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outlandish comparisons but you can find people writing, only a couple
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centuries ago, about how slavery should be abolished by arguing in
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favor of the benefits of paid labor. Even if the economic arguments
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in favor of paid work are strong, these arguments seems irrelevant and
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offensive today. Whether slavery is more or less efficient is a moot
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point. Society has rejected it because it is wrong.</p>
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<p>We have made important strides toward eliminating injustices like
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child labor and slavery because activists waged decidedly negative
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campaigns against them and convinced others to join in opposition. In
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doing so, activists declared the status quo unconscionable and created
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an ethical responsibility to find alternatives and to <a class="reference external" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20101017-00">redefine what
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was &quot;realistic.&quot;</a> While I will not suggest that the movement for
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software freedom is comparable in ethical weight to these other
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causes, I know that the free software mission is similar in kind.</p>
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<p>Of course, if one does not think that user control over technology is
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an ethical issue but is instead merely a matter of choice, one will
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probably oppose negative campaigns. It is also possible that a
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particular negative campaign is tactically unwise in that it is
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unlikely to reach a large audience, unlikely to change people's minds,
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or be difficult to carry out successfully. But such campaigns are a
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bad idea because they are ineffective, not because they are
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negative. Additionally, a movement that is purely negative and offers
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no reasonable alternative to the stated ill may also be unlikely to
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succeed. This is why, for example, I believe it is good that the FSF
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uses the large majority of its resources in the &quot;positive&quot; role of
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supporting free software.</p>
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<p>For those that do treat technological empowerment as an ethical ideal,
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it is both justified and essential to condemn the systematic
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disempowerment of others through non-free software just as we
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celebrate the benefits of software freedom. &quot;Negative&quot; campaigns
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against proprietary software, software patents, and DRM in music have
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already led our community to important -- if incomplete --
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victories. The desire to right wrongs has been a critical part of our
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movement's success and of many others'. We would be wise not to give
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it up.</p>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<title type="html">Donner Pass
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</title>
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<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/08/29/20110829-00</id>
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<updated>2011-08-29T20:52:22Z</updated>
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<published>2011-08-29T20:52:22Z</published>
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<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110829-00" />
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<content type="html"><img alt="/copyrighteous/images/bierstadt-donner_lake.png" src="/copyrighteous/images/bierstadt-donner_lake.png" />
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<p>In the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.pem.org/">Peabody Essex Museum</a> a couple weeks ago, I saw a beautiful
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landscape by Albert Bierstadt of <a class="reference external" href="https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Donner_Pass">Donner Pass</a> whose <a class="reference external" href="http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/9aa/9aa523.htm">label</a>
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referenced the famous <a class="reference external" href="https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Donner_party">Donner Party</a> of 1846 and their, &quot;sensational
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story of privation, cannibalism, and death.&quot; I would reorder
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that sentence.</p>
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</content>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<title type="html">An App For That
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</title>
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<category term="" />
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<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/08/28/20110828-00</id>
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<updated>2011-08-28T21:22:15Z</updated>
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<published>2011-08-28T21:22:15Z</published>
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<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110828-00" />
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<content type="html"><p><a class="reference external" href="http://seeclickfix.com/">SeeClickFix</a> makes <a class="reference external" href="http://en.seeclickfix.com/apps">a mobile application</a> you can use to <a class="reference external" href="http://en.seeclickfix.com/watch_area/1444">report
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Boston drivers using their smartphones while driving</a>, while
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driving.</p>
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</content>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<title type="html">Care and Trust
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</title>
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<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/08/05/20110805-00</id>
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<updated>2011-08-05T14:29:38Z</updated>
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<published>2011-08-05T14:29:38Z</published>
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<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110805-00" />
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<content type="html"><p>When you care for somebody, it is difficult to tell them &quot;no.&quot; When
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you trust somebody, you will tell them.</p>
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</content>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<title type="html">Cost of Computing in Coal
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</title>
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<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/07/31/20110727-00</id>
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<updated>2011-07-31T21:41:30Z</updated>
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<published>2011-07-31T21:41:30Z</published>
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<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110727-00" />
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<content type="html"><div><a href='http://www.flickr.com/photos/jonasclemens/2991502785/' target='_blank'><img src='http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3166/2991502785_500c3270e9.jpg' alt=' by jonasclemens, on Flickr' title=' by jonasclemens, on Flickr' border='0'/></a><br/><a href='http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/' target='_blank'><img src='http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/2.0/80x15.png' alt='Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic License' title='Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic License' border='0' align='left'></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;by&nbsp;<a href='http://www.flickr.com/people/jonasclemens/' target='_blank'>&nbsp;jonasclemens</a><a href='http://www.imagecodr.org/' target='_blank'>&nbsp;</a></div></center><p>Much of my academic research involves statistics and crunching through
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big datasets. To do this, I use computer clusters like <a class="reference external" href="https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/">Amazon's
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EC2</a> and a cluster at the <a class="reference external" href="http://hmdc.harvard.edu/">Harvard MIT Data Center</a>. I will
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frequently kick of a job to run overnight on the full HMDC cluster of
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~100 computers. Some of my friends do so nearly every night on similar
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clusters. Like many researchers and engineers, it costs me nothing to
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kick off a big job. That said, computers consume a lot of energy so I
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did a little back-of-the-envelope calculation to figure out what the
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cost in terms of resources might add up to.</p>
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<p>An overnight job that uses a 100 computer cluster might use 800
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computer-hours. Although power efficiency varies hugely between
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computers, most statistical analysis is CPU intensive and should come
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close to maximizing power consumption. According to a few sources
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[e.g., <a class="reference external" href="http://michaelbluejay.com/electricity/computers.html">1</a> <a class="reference external" href="http://www.brighthub.com/environment/green-computing/articles/9351.aspx">2</a> <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ehow.com/about_4693473_much-electricity-does-computer-use.html">3</a>], 200 watts might be a conservative estimate
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of much a modern multi-CPU server will draw under high load and won't
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include other costs like cooling. Using this estimate, the overnight
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job on 100 machines would easily use 160 kilowatt hours (kWh) of
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energy.</p>
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<p>In Massachusetts, most of our power comes from coal. <a class="reference external" href="http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/question481.htm">This page</a>
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suggests that an efficient coal plant will generate 2,460 kWh for each
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ton of coal. That means that one overnight job would use <em>59 kg (130
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lbs) of coal</em>. In the process, you would also create 153 kg (338 lb)
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of CO2 and a bit under half a kilogram (about 1 lb) of nitrogen oxides
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and sulfur dioxide each. It's a <em>very</em> rough estimate but it certainly
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generates some pressure to make sure the research counts!</p>
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<p>Of course, I've written some free software that runs on many thousands
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of computers and servers. How many tons of coal are burnt to support
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laziness or a lack of optimization in my software? What is the coal
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cost of choosing to write a program in a less efficient, but easier to
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write, higher-level programming languages like Python or Ruby instead
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of writing a more efficient version in C?</p>
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<title type="html">Dates and Memory
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</title>
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<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/07/26/20110726-00</id>
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<updated>2011-07-26T18:53:41Z</updated>
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<published>2011-07-26T18:53:41Z</published>
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<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110726-00" />
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<content type="html"><p>Recently, I was working with <a class="reference external" href="http://dgh.livejournal.com/">Daf</a> and <a class="reference external" href="http://web.rmozone.com/">Rob</a> on a little offline wiki
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project -- more on that soon -- and we realized that we needed to
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parse some dates in <a class="reference external" href="https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/ISO_8601">ISO 8601 format</a>. One of us wondered out loud
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if there was a Python module that could help us. I offered to take a
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look.</p>
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<p>Turns out, less than two months before, someone had uploaded <a class="reference external" href="http://packages.debian.org/search?keywords=python-iso8601">just such
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a module</a> into Debian. The maintainer? Me.</p>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<title type="html">Lawn Scrabble
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</title>
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<category term="" />
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<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/07/25/20110725-00</id>
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<updated>2011-07-26T01:31:45Z</updated>
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<published>2011-07-26T01:31:45Z</published>
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<content type="html"><p><a class="reference external" href="http://acetarium.com">The Acetarium</a>, where I live, runs what we like to think of as <a class="reference external" href="http://wiki.mako.cc/Acetarium#Residency_program">the
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world's smallest artistic residency program</a> by hosting artists,
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social scientists, hackers, and free software and free culture folks
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for periods of 1-3 months.</p>
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<p>Our most recently graduated resident, <a class="reference external" href="http://wiki.mako.cc/Noah_Swartz">Noah</a>, built a lawn scrabble
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set on the Media Lab <a class="reference external" href="http://www.shopbottools.com/">ShopBot</a> and held a Scrabble picnic this weekend
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with some former Acetarium residents and others. I don't really like
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playing Scrabble, so you can see me working on an essay (and verifying
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words) in the background.</p>
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<a class="reference external image-reference" href="http://bemasc.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/20110723_011-Modified-in-GIMP-Image-Editor.jpg"><img alt="/copyrighteous/images/lawn_scrabble_01.jpg" src="/copyrighteous/images/lawn_scrabble_01.jpg" /></a>
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<div class="line-block">
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<div class="line"><br /></div>
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<a class="reference external image-reference" href="http://bemasc.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/20110723_004-Modified-in-GIMP-Image-Editor.jpg"><img alt="/copyrighteous/images/lawn_scrabble_02.jpg" src="/copyrighteous/images/lawn_scrabble_02.jpg" /></a>
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<p>Thanks to Ben Schwartz as I yoinked these pictures from <a class="reference external" href="http://bemasc.net/wordpress/2011/07/23/scrabble-2/">his blog</a>.</p>
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<title type="html">Quiet Room
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<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/07/18/20110718-00</id>
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<updated>2011-07-18T17:14:20Z</updated>
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<published>2011-07-18T17:14:20Z</published>
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<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110718-00" />
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<content type="html"><p>At the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.cph.dk/CPH/UK/MAIN/">Copenhagen airport</a>, <a class="reference external" href="http://mika.yukidoke.org/nikki">Mika</a> and I found the quiet room. It
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was a soft, well lit, room designed for prayer and reflection. During
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the hour I was in it, the only other visitor was a child cracking open
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the doorway to peer in. The room had a guest book with hundreds of
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messages left by other travelers over the last couple years. People
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praised the airport administrators for providing the room, made
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suggestions, and complained about the room, the airport, and the
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country's shortcomings. They talked about themselves, their travels,
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their happiness and unhappiness with departing or returning home, and
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their thoughts about the world.</p>
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<p>I spend a lot of time in airports but only rarely speak to my fellow
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travelers. It's amazing how little I know about the thousands of
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people waiting in line with me, sitting near me on the plane, and
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sharing in the long, lonely, and often stressful experience of moving
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between countries and continents. The guest book provided a rare
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window into these people in what is normally the anonymous and
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depersonalized <a class="reference external" href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1859840515/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=httmakcc-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=185984051">non-place</a> of airports. In the quiet room, I could
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-- for the first time -- hear some of these fellow travelers speak.</p>
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<title type="html">Die Technikmafia
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</title>
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<category term="" />
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<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/07/17/20110717-00</id>
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<updated>2011-07-18T01:00:04Z</updated>
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<published>2011-07-18T01:00:04Z</published>
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<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110717-00" />
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<content type="html"><p>Marcus Rohwetter has recently published <a class="reference external" href="http://www.zeit.de/zeit-wissen/2011/04/Antifeatures">a very detailed article about
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Antifeatures</a> in the German monthly magazine <a class="reference external" href="http://www.zeit.de">Zeit
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Wissen</a>. Although I've only read the article through automatic
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translation -- unfortunately, I don't read German -- I'm <em>hugely</em>
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honored that Rohwetter has taken the time to engage with the idea so
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deeply and to help translate the argument for a much broader community
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than the free software community I come from and am best able to
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speak to.</p>
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<p>A lot of what I've been trying to do in the last year or so is to
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figure out how to speak more effectively about the politics of
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technology control to audiences of non-technologists. Indeed, that's
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the whole point of the <a class="reference external" href="http://wiki.mako.cc/Antifeatures">antifeatures concept</a>. I deeply appreciate
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the help of Rohwetter, and others, in that project.</p>
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<title type="html">Berkman Fellowship
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</title>
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<category term="" />
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<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/06/30/20110630-00</id>
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<updated>2011-06-30T16:48:43Z</updated>
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<published>2011-06-30T16:48:43Z</published>
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<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110630-00" />
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<content type="html"><p>Last week, the <a class="reference external" href="http://cyber.law.harvard.edu">Berkman Center for Internet and Society</a> announced
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it's <a class="reference external" href="http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/newsroom/2011_2012_fellows">2011-2012 list of fellows</a>. I'm honored and excited that they
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elected to include me in a pretty incredible list of fellows, faculty
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associates, and other affiliates. It seems I'll be at Harvard next year.</p>
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<p>In my first year as an undergraduate -- when fights over Napster were
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raging -- I took a class taught by a Berkman Fellow on the political
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and social implications of Internet technology. The next year, I
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worked part-time as a teaching assistant for Harvard Law professor
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(and Berkman director) <a class="reference external" href="http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/people/jzittrain">Jonathan Zittrain</a>. These experiences had a
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enormous influence on my life and work. Before, my goal was to
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study and teach English literature.</p>
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<p>I've hung around on the fringes of the center for much of the last
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decade and I've grown immeasurably from the experience. Most recently,
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I've been working closely with Berkman director <a class="reference external" href="http://www.benkler.org/">Yochai Benkler</a> and
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current fellow <a class="reference external" href="http://aaronshaw.org/">Aaron Shaw</a> on research in online cooperation. The
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new crop of fellows includes a pretty great group of people working on
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similar stuff and I'm looking forward to expanding the <a class="reference external" href="http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/research/cooperation">online
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cooperation research at the center</a> and to a year of fascinating
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talks and discussions. I also hope that, after all these, years, I'll
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be able to give a bit back to an organization that has given me so
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much.</p>
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<entry>
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<title type="html">Another Summer European Tour
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</title>
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<category term="" />
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<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/06/29/20110629-00</id>
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<updated>2011-06-29T16:41:03Z</updated>
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<published>2011-06-29T16:41:03Z</published>
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<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110629-00" />
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<content type="html"><p>I've been in Europe for the last couple weeks but pretty occupied with
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things like attending my brother wedding and a series of outdoor
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excursions in Spain.</p>
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<p>Today <a class="reference external" href="http://mika.yukidoke.org/nikki">Mika</a> and I arrived in Berlin where I am going to attending and
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giving a talk at the <a class="reference external" href="http://okcon.org/2011/">Open Knowledge Conference</a> on <a class="reference external" href="http://okcon.org/2011/programme/when-free-software-isnt-better">When Free
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Software Isn't Better</a>. I'll also participate in <a class="reference external" href="http://okcon.org/2011/programme/wikipedia-research-the-innovative-character-of-wikipedia-research-and-the-new-challenges-and-opportunities-associated-with-it">a session on
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Wikipedia research</a> facilitated by <a class="reference external" href="http://www.onlinecreation.info/">Mayo Fuster Morrell</a>.</p>
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<p>On July 2nd, I'll be taking an overnight train to Vienna where I'll be
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attending the <a class="reference external" href="http://ouicommunity.net/">Open and User Innovation Workshop</a> -- an academic
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conference where I'll presenting some of my research. From there I'll
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be hitching a ride to Munich with <a class="reference external" href="http://protopage.com/kiberkomunist">Marcell Mars</a> on July 6th and,
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after that, a flight back to Boston with a weekend long layover in
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Reykjavik.</p>
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<p>Details on the trip are <a class="reference external" href="http://wiki.mako.cc/Travel_plans/Summer_2011">on page on my wiki</a> and I encourage anyone
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to <a class="reference external" href="http://mako.cc/contact">contact me</a> if you're in Berlin, Vienna, Munich, or Reykjavik
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and want to meet up for a drink or a chat.</p>
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</content>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<title type="html">Ask Me Anything in an Igloo
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</title>
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<category term="" />
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<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/02/19/20110219-00</id>
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<updated>2011-02-19T18:42:16Z</updated>
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<published>2011-02-19T18:42:16Z</published>
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<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110219-00" />
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<content type="html"><img alt="/copyrighteous/images/igloo_danny.jpg" class="align-right" src="/copyrighteous/images/igloo_danny.jpg" />
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<p>When <a class="reference external" href="http://www.reddit.com/">Reddit</a> sold to Condé Nast and the founders all moved to
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California, their old place in <a class="reference external" href="https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Davis_Square">Davis Square</a> was empty for a few
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months and they let <a class="reference external" href="http://mika.yukidoke.org/nikki/">Mika</a> I move in and take it over. It's an awesome
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place and we're still there along with some <a class="reference external" href="http://min.us/mvfPWXg#1">Web 2.0 graffiti</a> they
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left on the roof.</p>
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<p>And so it is with pleasure that I've agreed to be interviewed by
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redditor <a class="reference external" href="http://blog.thesilentnumber.me/">Danny Piccirillo</a> in a <a class="reference external" href="https://picasaweb.google.com/danny.piccirillo/Iglootarium">giant igloo he helped build</a> --
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if the unseasonably warm weather streak of weather doesn't manage to
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melt it before next week.</p>
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<p>Questions are being gathered at Reddit so feel free to <a class="reference external" href="http://www.reddit.com/r/reddit.com/comments/fnw13/free_software_leader_benjamin_mako_hill_has/">go there and
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ask me any question you'd like to see me answer in an igloo</a>.</p>
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</content>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<title type="html">Editor-to-Reader Ratios on Wikipedia
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</title>
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<category term="" />
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<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/02/06/20110206-00</id>
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<updated>2011-02-06T11:48:41Z</updated>
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<published>2011-02-06T11:48:41Z</published>
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<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110206-00" />
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<content type="html"><p>It's been <a class="reference external" href="https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2009-11-23/In_the_news">reported for some time</a> now that the number of active
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editors on Wikipedia (usually defined as people who have edited at
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least 5 times in a given month) peaked in 2007 and has been mostly
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stable since then. A graph of the total number of active editors in
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every month since Wikipedia's founding is shown below. The graph shows
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the aggregate numbers for all language Wikipedias. English Wikipedia
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is the largest component of this and is generally more variable. That
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said, very similar patterns exist for most larger languages.</p>
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<img alt="/copyrighteous/images/active_editors_all_wikpiedia.png" src="/copyrighteous/images/active_editors_all_wikpiedia.png" />
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<p>Felipe Ortega, who has provided many of these statistics, has <a class="reference external" href="http://www.gossamer-threads.com/lists/wiki/foundation/183906#183906">warned
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against fatalist claims</a>. Although there seems to be a decrease in
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the total number of active editors over the last two years, the
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situation seems to have somewhat stabilized in most languages. New
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editors in Wikipedia are replacing folks at almost the rate that they
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are leaving. It is also widely known that the number of <em>readers</em> of
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Wikipedia has been increasing during this period. According to the
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<a class="reference external" href="http://stats.wikimedia.org/reportcard/">report cards</a> released by the foundation using <a class="reference external" href="https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/ComScore">comScore</a> data, the
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number of unique visitors to Wikipedia each month has increased by 61
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million people in the last year -- over 17%.</p>
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<p>This discrepancy between rising readership and stable or sinking
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editorship should raise major concern. After all, the Wikimedia
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Foundation's <a class="reference external" href="http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Mission_statement">mission</a> is two part: (1) to empower and engage people
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around the world to collect and develop educational content and (2) to
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disseminate it effectively and globally. Although the Foundation
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report cards include measures of raw levels of editorship, a better
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metric of engagement and empowerment might be the <em>proportion</em> of
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readers who engage in editing.</p>
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<p>I could not find reliable data on the number of unique readers reached
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each month for more than a few months in the last year. What is
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available, however, is <a class="reference external" href="http://stats.wikimedia.org/">wonderful data</a> on page views each month
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going back to 2008. Analysis of the data from available <a class="reference external" href="http://stats.wikimedia.org/reportcard/">report
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cards</a> show that, at least during the last year, there is a very
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stable ratio of 35 page views per unique visitor, as estimated by
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comScore. Using that measure, we can do a back of the envelope
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estimation on the proportion of users that are editors for the period
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where page view data is available, dating back from February 2008 (
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marked with the grey dashed lined above).</p>
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<p>The graphs below show the very different results you get when you
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consider the change in the number of Wikipedia editors and the change
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|
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in the editor-to-reader ratio. Once again, these data are combined
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data for all language Wikipedias although graphs look very similar for
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most larger languages. The results are striking. Although there has
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been a 12% decrease between February 2008 and December 2010 in the
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number of active editors, there is a 42% decrease in the <em>proportion</em>
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of readers who edit at least five times a month. We can see that
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fulfilling the first half of the Wikimedia mission remains a struggle.</p>
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<img alt="/copyrighteous/images/wikipedia_editors_combined_graph.png" src="/copyrighteous/images/wikipedia_editors_combined_graph.png" />
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<p>Although the graphs above do not say anything directly about the most
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active core contributors to Wikipedia, the fact that Wikipedia is
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being maintained by a tiny -- and shrinking -- proportion of its
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readership does mean that the <em>idea</em> behind Wikipedia is under threat.</p>
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<p>Although none are as big as Wikipedia, there are lots of good
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encyclopedias out there. The reason Wikipedia is different,
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interesting, and important is because -- unlike all those others --
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Wikipedia is the encyclopedia <em>that anyone can edit</em>. Wikipedia is
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powerful because it allow its users to transcend their role as
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consumers of the information they use to understand the
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world. Wikipedia allows users to define the reference works that
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define their understanding of the their environment and each other.
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But 99.98% of the time, readers do not transcend that role. I think
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that's a problem. Worse, that the number is growing.</p>
|
|
449
|
+
<p>The Wikimedia Foundation recently ran a major successful effort to
|
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450
|
+
attract donations in its annual fundraiser. Jimmy Wales' smiling mug
|
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451
|
+
is apparently enough in the way of motivation to get something like 1%
|
|
452
|
+
of its readers to donate money to support the project. I think that's
|
|
453
|
+
very good news. If the Wikimedia community can entice even half of
|
|
454
|
+
those people to contribute through an <a class="reference external" href="http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/sj/2011/02/05/wikipedia-loves-editors/">increased involvement</a> in the
|
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|
+
projects themselves, they might do more than ensure Wikipedia's
|
|
456
|
+
continued growth. They would help take a step toward the empowerment
|
|
457
|
+
and engagement of those users in sharing their own knowledge, and the
|
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458
|
+
continued fulfillment of a critically important mission.</p>
|
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+
</content>
|
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460
|
+
</entry>
|
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461
|
+
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462
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+
<entry>
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463
|
+
<title type="html">Antifeatures at the Free Technology Academy
|
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464
|
+
</title>
|
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465
|
+
<category term="" />
|
|
466
|
+
<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/02/04/20110204-00</id>
|
|
467
|
+
<updated>2011-02-05T03:23:45Z</updated>
|
|
468
|
+
<published>2011-02-05T03:23:45Z</published>
|
|
469
|
+
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110204-00" />
|
|
470
|
+
<content type="html"><p>In addition to lecturing for two courses at MIT this term, I recently
|
|
471
|
+
had the pleasure of giving a lecture on antifeatures at the <a class="reference external" href="http://ftacademy.org/">Free
|
|
472
|
+
Technology Academy</a> -- a program which offers Masters courses over
|
|
473
|
+
the Internet. Quite a few of the FTA courses are about free software,
|
|
474
|
+
free knowledge, and related topics!</p>
|
|
475
|
+
<p>It was my first time giving a lecture to microphone and an empty room.
|
|
476
|
+
Although I found it a little tricky to adapt to the lack of any
|
|
477
|
+
audience, the FTA folks put together a great video. I'm psyched that
|
|
478
|
+
the course material will be available as <a class="reference external" href="https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Open_educational_resources">open education resources</a>
|
|
479
|
+
for anyone who might want to incorporate it into another course.</p>
|
|
480
|
+
<p>If you've seen my <a class="reference external" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20100323-00">LCA keynote about antifeatures</a> (which is also
|
|
481
|
+
available online), there's not going to be a whole new in the
|
|
482
|
+
lecture. If didn't see it, you might want to check out <a class="reference external" href="http://campus.ftacademy.org/course/view.php?id=35&amp;username=guest">the
|
|
483
|
+
lecture</a>. I'll be in the online discussion group around the Lecture
|
|
484
|
+
for the next couple weeks but you need to <a class="reference external" href="https://campus.ftacademy.org/login/">sign up</a> to participate.</p>
|
|
485
|
+
</content>
|
|
486
|
+
</entry>
|
|
487
|
+
|
|
488
|
+
<entry>
|
|
489
|
+
<title type="html">Annual Free Software Foundation Fundraiser
|
|
490
|
+
</title>
|
|
491
|
+
<category term="" />
|
|
492
|
+
<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/01/24/20110124-00</id>
|
|
493
|
+
<updated>2011-01-25T01:22:02Z</updated>
|
|
494
|
+
<published>2011-01-25T01:22:02Z</published>
|
|
495
|
+
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110124-00" />
|
|
496
|
+
<content type="html"><div style="float: right;">
|
|
497
|
+
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 15px;">
|
|
498
|
+
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|
499
|
+
var fsf_widget_text = "Help protect your freedom!";
|
|
500
|
+
var fsf_widget_d_btn = "Donate";
|
|
501
|
+
var fsf_widget_share = "Share this widget.";
|
|
502
|
+
var fsf_widget_size = "normal";
|
|
503
|
+
var fsf_associate_id = "3427";
|
|
504
|
+
</script>
|
|
505
|
+
<script type="text/javascript"
|
|
506
|
+
src="http://gplv3.fsf.org/static/widget/widget.js"></script>
|
|
507
|
+
</div>
|
|
508
|
+
</div><p>The <a class="reference external" href="http://www.fsf.org/">Free Software Foundation</a> is in the last week of its annual
|
|
509
|
+
fundraiser and has still has a bit of ground to make up. The FSF needs
|
|
510
|
+
members and donations to merely sustain its basic activity protecting
|
|
511
|
+
free software and engaging in minimal outreach. So as I've done in
|
|
512
|
+
the last couple years, I've written a <a class="reference external" href="http://www.fsf.org/appeal/2010/mako/">fundraising appeal for the
|
|
513
|
+
organization</a>. That why today my face is plastered, Jimmy Wales
|
|
514
|
+
style, all over the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.fsf.org/">FSF website</a>. (For the record, the last bit was
|
|
515
|
+
not my idea and I find it a little embarrassing.)</p>
|
|
516
|
+
<p><a class="reference external" href="http://www.fsf.org/appeal/2010/mako/">My appeal this year</a> begins with my feeling that as our lives
|
|
517
|
+
become increasingly mediated by technology, the question of who
|
|
518
|
+
controls technology becomes another way of asking &quot;Who controls us?&quot;
|
|
519
|
+
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.fsf.org/appeal/2010/mako/">Read the appeal</a> for more.</p>
|
|
520
|
+
<p>That statement, like much of the FSF's work, is not going to get very
|
|
521
|
+
far with most users today. Most people don't think of technology as
|
|
522
|
+
the source of control, power, or autonomy. They don't understand why
|
|
523
|
+
software should be free or even what that might mean. Making this
|
|
524
|
+
argument widely is something the FSF works hard to do. But supporting
|
|
525
|
+
this work is a bit of a chicken-egg problem. The users we most need to
|
|
526
|
+
reach have never heard our message and it can take some time to turn
|
|
527
|
+
even the most receptive into supporters.</p>
|
|
528
|
+
<p>For those of us that do care about technology and the power it has
|
|
529
|
+
over its users, it's hugely important that we take action to support
|
|
530
|
+
software freedom and organizations like the FSF that play a key place
|
|
531
|
+
in this struggle. If we don't, nobody else will. The pool of people
|
|
532
|
+
who might support the FSF today is small -- there are currently about
|
|
533
|
+
3,000 members -- but the stakes are huge: A choice between a world of
|
|
534
|
+
DRM, locked down mobile phones, and non-free network services on one
|
|
535
|
+
hand, and the possibility of a world where there are free alternatives
|
|
536
|
+
on the other. The FSF won't win this fight alone, but it plays a
|
|
537
|
+
critical role in it.</p>
|
|
538
|
+
<p>The FSF is a small, humble, and responsible non-profit and a little
|
|
539
|
+
money can have a big impact. If you are not an FSF associate member,
|
|
540
|
+
<a class="reference external" href="https://my.fsf.org/associate/support_freedom/join_fsf?referrer=3427">now would be a great time to join</a>. Membership is $120 per year
|
|
541
|
+
($60 for students) and payable monthly. In preparing this appeal, I
|
|
542
|
+
realized that my membership had lapsed a couple months ago and that my
|
|
543
|
+
partner <a class="reference external" href="http://mika.yukidoke.org/nikki">Mika</a> was still donating at the reduced student price. We've
|
|
544
|
+
personally fixed both these things and made an additional donation.
|
|
545
|
+
If you are a member, you can <a class="reference external" href="https://my.fsf.org/">check your status</a> or <a class="reference external" href="https://my.fsf.org/donate/mako/">make a
|
|
546
|
+
donation</a>. If you are not yet, Please consider <a class="reference external" href="https://my.fsf.org/associate/support_freedom/join_fsf?referrer=3427">joining us</a>.</p>
|
|
547
|
+
</content>
|
|
548
|
+
</entry>
|
|
549
|
+
|
|
550
|
+
<entry>
|
|
551
|
+
<title type="html">An Only Slightly Fictionalized Story
|
|
552
|
+
</title>
|
|
553
|
+
<category term="" />
|
|
554
|
+
<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/01/18/20110118-00</id>
|
|
555
|
+
<updated>2011-01-19T03:41:00Z</updated>
|
|
556
|
+
<published>2011-01-19T03:41:00Z</published>
|
|
557
|
+
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110118-00" />
|
|
558
|
+
<content type="html"><p>Before heading back to graduate school, my brother worked full-time as
|
|
559
|
+
a personal fitness and strength trainer. Like many trainers, he
|
|
560
|
+
started out in an established gym and then struck out on his own once
|
|
561
|
+
he had established an clientele base. Working on his own, he got
|
|
562
|
+
almost all of his new business from referrals.</p>
|
|
563
|
+
<p>Although one might think that a trainer's trusted long-term clients
|
|
564
|
+
would be the source of most new business, it was mostly the newer,
|
|
565
|
+
less established clients who referred new trainees. The established
|
|
566
|
+
clients had already referred everyone in their social network that
|
|
567
|
+
might be interested.</p>
|
|
568
|
+
<p>That's how I learned about the weak ties of strength.</p>
|
|
569
|
+
</content>
|
|
570
|
+
</entry>
|
|
571
|
+
|
|
572
|
+
<entry>
|
|
573
|
+
<title type="html">When Free Software Isn't Better
|
|
574
|
+
</title>
|
|
575
|
+
<category term="" />
|
|
576
|
+
<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2010/12/12/20101212-00</id>
|
|
577
|
+
<updated>2010-12-12T14:56:56Z</updated>
|
|
578
|
+
<published>2010-12-12T14:56:56Z</published>
|
|
579
|
+
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20101212-00" />
|
|
580
|
+
<content type="html"><p>I have an essay in the latest <a class="reference external" href="http://fsf.org">Free Software Foundation's</a> bulletin
|
|
581
|
+
which FSF members should be receiving this week. I've also republished
|
|
582
|
+
the article on my website as <a class="reference external" href="/writing/hill-when_free_software_isnt_better.html">When Free Software Isn't Better</a>. The
|
|
583
|
+
article confronts the fact that free software is sometimes not as high
|
|
584
|
+
quality or featureful as proprietary alternatives and that most free
|
|
585
|
+
software projects aren't particularly collaborative. It reflects on
|
|
586
|
+
what these facts mean for free software and for open source.</p>
|
|
587
|
+
<p>The Bulletin goes out to all <a class="reference external" href="https://my.fsf.org/associate/support_freedom?referrer=3427">FSF associate members</a>. You should
|
|
588
|
+
<a class="reference external" href="https://my.fsf.org/associate/support_freedom?referrer=3427">join</a> to get a copy mailed to you in the future -- but mostly you
|
|
589
|
+
should join because doing so supports the work of the foundation.</p>
|
|
590
|
+
</content>
|
|
591
|
+
</entry>
|
|
592
|
+
|
|
593
|
+
<entry>
|
|
594
|
+
<title type="html">Doppelgänger
|
|
595
|
+
</title>
|
|
596
|
+
<category term="" />
|
|
597
|
+
<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2010/11/28/20101128-00</id>
|
|
598
|
+
<updated>2010-11-28T23:15:54Z</updated>
|
|
599
|
+
<published>2010-11-28T23:15:54Z</published>
|
|
600
|
+
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20101128-00" />
|
|
601
|
+
<content type="html"><a class="reference external image-reference" href="/copyrighteous/images/food_network_mako.png"><img alt="/copyrighteous/images/food_network_mako-small.png" src="/copyrighteous/images/food_network_mako-small.png" /></a>
|
|
602
|
+
<p>It's funny, I don't remember donning a cape and making an apperance on
|
|
603
|
+
the food network.</p>
|
|
604
|
+
</content>
|
|
605
|
+
</entry>
|
|
606
|
+
|
|
607
|
+
<entry>
|
|
608
|
+
<title type="html">Between the Bars
|
|
609
|
+
</title>
|
|
610
|
+
<category term="" />
|
|
611
|
+
<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2010/11/14/20101114-00</id>
|
|
612
|
+
<updated>2010-11-15T02:41:24Z</updated>
|
|
613
|
+
<published>2010-11-15T02:41:24Z</published>
|
|
614
|
+
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20101114-00" />
|
|
615
|
+
<content type="html"><p><a class="reference external" href="/copyrighteous/20091201-00">Almost a year ago</a>, I blogged about <a class="reference external" href="http://betweenthebars.org/blogs">Between the Bars</a> -- a
|
|
616
|
+
project that offers a blogging platform to the 1% of the United
|
|
617
|
+
States population that is currently incarcerated. The <a class="reference external" href="http://betweenthebars.org/about">way it works</a>
|
|
618
|
+
is pretty simple: prisoners send letters through the postal mail. We
|
|
619
|
+
scan them and put them up on the web. Visitors can transcribe letters
|
|
620
|
+
or leave comments which are mailed back to the authors.</p>
|
|
621
|
+
<p>About a month ago, my collaborator <a class="reference external" href="http://tirl.org/">Charlie DeTar</a> and I finally
|
|
622
|
+
finished planning and paperwork and opened the site to bloggers. Over
|
|
623
|
+
the last few weeks, we've had a bunch of authors sign up. We now have
|
|
624
|
+
a <a class="reference external" href="http://betweenthebars.org/blogs">daily stream of blog posts</a> going up on the site.</p>
|
|
625
|
+
<p>Please visit the site. Leave comments. Transcribe posts. If you know
|
|
626
|
+
of prisoners who might like to use the site, let them know. If you
|
|
627
|
+
want postcard fliers to send to prisoners, <a class="reference external" href="mailto:info&#64;betweenthebars.org">let us know</a>.</p>
|
|
628
|
+
</content>
|
|
629
|
+
</entry>
|
|
630
|
+
</feed>
|