feed-abstract 0.0.5 → 0.0.6
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- data/feed-abstract.gemspec +18 -11
- data/lib/feed-abstract/channel/rdf.rb +2 -2
- data/lib/feed-abstract/channel/rss.rb +4 -4
- data/lib/feed-abstract/item/atom.rb +1 -1
- data/lib/feed-abstract/item/rdf.rb +2 -2
- data/lib/feed-abstract/item/rss.rb +3 -3
- data/lib/feed-abstract/mixins.rb +2 -2
- data/lib/feed-abstract/version.rb +1 -1
- data/spec/feed_abstract_channel_spec.rb +19 -1
- data/spec/feed_abstract_item_spec.rb +16 -0
- data/spec/feed_abstract_spec.rb +1 -0
- data/spec/spec_helper.rb +3 -1
- data/spec/test_data/pyblosxom.atom +630 -0
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<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xml:lang="en">
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<title type="text">Copyrighteous</title>
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<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/</id>
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<author>
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<name>Benjamin Mako Hill</name>
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<uri>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/</uri>
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<email>mako@atdot.cc</email>
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<rights>Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike</rights>
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<generator uri="http://pyblosxom.sourceforge.net/" version="1.5rc2 20100803">
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PyBlosxom http://pyblosxom.sourceforge.net/ 1.5rc2 20100803
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<updated>2011-09-15T05:21:00Z</updated>
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<entry>
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<title type="html">Anxiety
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</title>
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<category term="" />
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<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/09/15/20110913-00</id>
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<updated>2011-09-15T05:21:00Z</updated>
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<published>2011-09-15T05:21:00Z</published>
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<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110913-00" />
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<content type="html"><div><a href='http://www.flickr.com/photos/nffcnnr/401047557/' target='_blank'><img src='http://farm1.static.flickr.com/137/401047557_1dda26e16f.jpg' width=350 alt='MailBoxes by nffcnnr, on Flickr' title='MailBoxes by nffcnnr, on Flickr' border='0'/></a><br/><a href='http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/' target='_blank'><img src='http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/2.0/80x15.png' alt='Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic License' title='Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic License' border='0' align='left'></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;by&nbsp;<a href='http://www.flickr.com/people/nffcnnr/' target='_blank'>&nbsp;nffcnnr</a><a href='http://www.imagecodr.org/' target='_blank'>&nbsp;</a></div><p>I am haunted by the nagging fear that I have mailboxes, tucked into a
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dark corner of an office somewhere, and perhaps even full of checks
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and important documents, that I don't know exist.</p>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<title type="html">In Defense of Negativity
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<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/09/03/20110903-00</id>
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<updated>2011-09-04T00:01:35Z</updated>
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<published>2011-09-04T00:01:35Z</published>
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<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110903-00" />
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<content type="html"><p>I often hear criticism of &quot;negative campaigning&quot; in the free software
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movement. For example, in reply to a <a class="reference external" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20090109-00.comment">blog post I once wrote</a> about
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an FSF campaign, several people argued against, &quot;negative campaigning
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of any sort, in any realm.&quot; Drawing an analogy to political <a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smear_campaign">smear
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campaigns</a>, some members of the free software community have taken
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the position that <a class="reference external" href="http://castrojo.wordpress.com/2009/01/09/badvista-declares-pyrrhic-victory/#comment-745">negative campaigning in general is not useful</a>
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and that negativity has no place in our advocacy.</p>
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<p>First, it is important to be clear on what we mean by a negative
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campaigns. I believe that there is a fundamental difference between
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speaking out against policies or actions and smear campaigns that
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employ untrue claims, ad hominem attacks, and that attempt to avoid a
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real conversation about issues. I will categorically condemn the
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latter form of smear campaigning in campaigns for software freedom or
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for anything else.</p>
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<p>That said, negativity directed at negativity has had a positive effect
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in many social movements. I have supported and participated in
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&quot;negative&quot; campaigns against proprietary software, software patents,
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DRM, centralized network services, and the firms behind these
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practices. I've done so because I believe that if one is taking an
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ethical position, it is justified, and often necessary, to not only
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speak about the benefits of freedom but against acts of dispossession
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and disenfranchisement.</p>
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<p>In some of the most effective social movements, unambiguously negative
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messages have been central. Should a campaign for abolishing child
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labor talk only about how valuable adult workers are to their
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employers or how happy kids are when they don't work? Should a
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campaign trying to abolish land mines talk only about the benefits of
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bomb-free fields and intact lower limbs? Should a free speech
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organization only speak out about the social welfare brought by a free
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press and never against acts of censorship? These may seem like
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outlandish comparisons but you can find people writing, only a couple
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centuries ago, about how slavery should be abolished by arguing in
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favor of the benefits of paid labor. Even if the economic arguments
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in favor of paid work are strong, these arguments seems irrelevant and
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offensive today. Whether slavery is more or less efficient is a moot
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point. Society has rejected it because it is wrong.</p>
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<p>We have made important strides toward eliminating injustices like
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child labor and slavery because activists waged decidedly negative
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campaigns against them and convinced others to join in opposition. In
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doing so, activists declared the status quo unconscionable and created
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an ethical responsibility to find alternatives and to <a class="reference external" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20101017-00">redefine what
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was &quot;realistic.&quot;</a> While I will not suggest that the movement for
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software freedom is comparable in ethical weight to these other
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causes, I know that the free software mission is similar in kind.</p>
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<p>Of course, if one does not think that user control over technology is
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an ethical issue but is instead merely a matter of choice, one will
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probably oppose negative campaigns. It is also possible that a
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particular negative campaign is tactically unwise in that it is
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unlikely to reach a large audience, unlikely to change people's minds,
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or be difficult to carry out successfully. But such campaigns are a
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bad idea because they are ineffective, not because they are
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negative. Additionally, a movement that is purely negative and offers
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no reasonable alternative to the stated ill may also be unlikely to
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succeed. This is why, for example, I believe it is good that the FSF
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uses the large majority of its resources in the &quot;positive&quot; role of
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supporting free software.</p>
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<p>For those that do treat technological empowerment as an ethical ideal,
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it is both justified and essential to condemn the systematic
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disempowerment of others through non-free software just as we
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celebrate the benefits of software freedom. &quot;Negative&quot; campaigns
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against proprietary software, software patents, and DRM in music have
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already led our community to important -- if incomplete --
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victories. The desire to right wrongs has been a critical part of our
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movement's success and of many others'. We would be wise not to give
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it up.</p>
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<entry>
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<title type="html">Donner Pass
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</title>
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<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/08/29/20110829-00</id>
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<updated>2011-08-29T20:52:22Z</updated>
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<published>2011-08-29T20:52:22Z</published>
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<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110829-00" />
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<content type="html"><img alt="/copyrighteous/images/bierstadt-donner_lake.png" src="/copyrighteous/images/bierstadt-donner_lake.png" />
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<p>In the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.pem.org/">Peabody Essex Museum</a> a couple weeks ago, I saw a beautiful
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landscape by Albert Bierstadt of <a class="reference external" href="https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Donner_Pass">Donner Pass</a> whose <a class="reference external" href="http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/9aa/9aa523.htm">label</a>
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referenced the famous <a class="reference external" href="https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Donner_party">Donner Party</a> of 1846 and their, &quot;sensational
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story of privation, cannibalism, and death.&quot; I would reorder
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that sentence.</p>
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<entry>
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<title type="html">An App For That
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</title>
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<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/08/28/20110828-00</id>
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<updated>2011-08-28T21:22:15Z</updated>
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<published>2011-08-28T21:22:15Z</published>
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<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110828-00" />
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<content type="html"><p><a class="reference external" href="http://seeclickfix.com/">SeeClickFix</a> makes <a class="reference external" href="http://en.seeclickfix.com/apps">a mobile application</a> you can use to <a class="reference external" href="http://en.seeclickfix.com/watch_area/1444">report
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Boston drivers using their smartphones while driving</a>, while
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driving.</p>
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<entry>
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<title type="html">Care and Trust
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</title>
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<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/08/05/20110805-00</id>
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<updated>2011-08-05T14:29:38Z</updated>
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<published>2011-08-05T14:29:38Z</published>
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<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110805-00" />
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<content type="html"><p>When you care for somebody, it is difficult to tell them &quot;no.&quot; When
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you trust somebody, you will tell them.</p>
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<entry>
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<title type="html">Cost of Computing in Coal
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</title>
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<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/07/31/20110727-00</id>
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<updated>2011-07-31T21:41:30Z</updated>
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<published>2011-07-31T21:41:30Z</published>
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<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110727-00" />
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<content type="html"><div><a href='http://www.flickr.com/photos/jonasclemens/2991502785/' target='_blank'><img src='http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3166/2991502785_500c3270e9.jpg' alt=' by jonasclemens, on Flickr' title=' by jonasclemens, on Flickr' border='0'/></a><br/><a href='http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/' target='_blank'><img src='http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/2.0/80x15.png' alt='Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic License' title='Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic License' border='0' align='left'></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;by&nbsp;<a href='http://www.flickr.com/people/jonasclemens/' target='_blank'>&nbsp;jonasclemens</a><a href='http://www.imagecodr.org/' target='_blank'>&nbsp;</a></div></center><p>Much of my academic research involves statistics and crunching through
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big datasets. To do this, I use computer clusters like <a class="reference external" href="https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/">Amazon's
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EC2</a> and a cluster at the <a class="reference external" href="http://hmdc.harvard.edu/">Harvard MIT Data Center</a>. I will
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frequently kick of a job to run overnight on the full HMDC cluster of
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~100 computers. Some of my friends do so nearly every night on similar
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clusters. Like many researchers and engineers, it costs me nothing to
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kick off a big job. That said, computers consume a lot of energy so I
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did a little back-of-the-envelope calculation to figure out what the
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cost in terms of resources might add up to.</p>
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<p>An overnight job that uses a 100 computer cluster might use 800
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computer-hours. Although power efficiency varies hugely between
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computers, most statistical analysis is CPU intensive and should come
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close to maximizing power consumption. According to a few sources
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[e.g., <a class="reference external" href="http://michaelbluejay.com/electricity/computers.html">1</a> <a class="reference external" href="http://www.brighthub.com/environment/green-computing/articles/9351.aspx">2</a> <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ehow.com/about_4693473_much-electricity-does-computer-use.html">3</a>], 200 watts might be a conservative estimate
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of much a modern multi-CPU server will draw under high load and won't
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include other costs like cooling. Using this estimate, the overnight
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job on 100 machines would easily use 160 kilowatt hours (kWh) of
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energy.</p>
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<p>In Massachusetts, most of our power comes from coal. <a class="reference external" href="http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/question481.htm">This page</a>
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suggests that an efficient coal plant will generate 2,460 kWh for each
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ton of coal. That means that one overnight job would use <em>59 kg (130
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lbs) of coal</em>. In the process, you would also create 153 kg (338 lb)
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of CO2 and a bit under half a kilogram (about 1 lb) of nitrogen oxides
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and sulfur dioxide each. It's a <em>very</em> rough estimate but it certainly
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generates some pressure to make sure the research counts!</p>
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<p>Of course, I've written some free software that runs on many thousands
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of computers and servers. How many tons of coal are burnt to support
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laziness or a lack of optimization in my software? What is the coal
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cost of choosing to write a program in a less efficient, but easier to
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write, higher-level programming languages like Python or Ruby instead
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of writing a more efficient version in C?</p>
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<title type="html">Dates and Memory
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</title>
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<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/07/26/20110726-00</id>
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<updated>2011-07-26T18:53:41Z</updated>
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<published>2011-07-26T18:53:41Z</published>
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<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110726-00" />
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<content type="html"><p>Recently, I was working with <a class="reference external" href="http://dgh.livejournal.com/">Daf</a> and <a class="reference external" href="http://web.rmozone.com/">Rob</a> on a little offline wiki
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project -- more on that soon -- and we realized that we needed to
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parse some dates in <a class="reference external" href="https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/ISO_8601">ISO 8601 format</a>. One of us wondered out loud
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if there was a Python module that could help us. I offered to take a
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look.</p>
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<p>Turns out, less than two months before, someone had uploaded <a class="reference external" href="http://packages.debian.org/search?keywords=python-iso8601">just such
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a module</a> into Debian. The maintainer? Me.</p>
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<title type="html">Lawn Scrabble
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<category term="" />
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<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/07/25/20110725-00</id>
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<updated>2011-07-26T01:31:45Z</updated>
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<published>2011-07-26T01:31:45Z</published>
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<content type="html"><p><a class="reference external" href="http://acetarium.com">The Acetarium</a>, where I live, runs what we like to think of as <a class="reference external" href="http://wiki.mako.cc/Acetarium#Residency_program">the
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world's smallest artistic residency program</a> by hosting artists,
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social scientists, hackers, and free software and free culture folks
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for periods of 1-3 months.</p>
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<p>Our most recently graduated resident, <a class="reference external" href="http://wiki.mako.cc/Noah_Swartz">Noah</a>, built a lawn scrabble
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set on the Media Lab <a class="reference external" href="http://www.shopbottools.com/">ShopBot</a> and held a Scrabble picnic this weekend
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with some former Acetarium residents and others. I don't really like
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playing Scrabble, so you can see me working on an essay (and verifying
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words) in the background.</p>
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<a class="reference external image-reference" href="http://bemasc.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/20110723_011-Modified-in-GIMP-Image-Editor.jpg"><img alt="/copyrighteous/images/lawn_scrabble_01.jpg" src="/copyrighteous/images/lawn_scrabble_01.jpg" /></a>
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<div class="line-block">
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<div class="line"><br /></div>
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<a class="reference external image-reference" href="http://bemasc.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/20110723_004-Modified-in-GIMP-Image-Editor.jpg"><img alt="/copyrighteous/images/lawn_scrabble_02.jpg" src="/copyrighteous/images/lawn_scrabble_02.jpg" /></a>
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<p>Thanks to Ben Schwartz as I yoinked these pictures from <a class="reference external" href="http://bemasc.net/wordpress/2011/07/23/scrabble-2/">his blog</a>.</p>
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<title type="html">Quiet Room
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<category term="" />
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<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/07/18/20110718-00</id>
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<updated>2011-07-18T17:14:20Z</updated>
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<published>2011-07-18T17:14:20Z</published>
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<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110718-00" />
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<content type="html"><p>At the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.cph.dk/CPH/UK/MAIN/">Copenhagen airport</a>, <a class="reference external" href="http://mika.yukidoke.org/nikki">Mika</a> and I found the quiet room. It
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was a soft, well lit, room designed for prayer and reflection. During
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the hour I was in it, the only other visitor was a child cracking open
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the doorway to peer in. The room had a guest book with hundreds of
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messages left by other travelers over the last couple years. People
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praised the airport administrators for providing the room, made
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suggestions, and complained about the room, the airport, and the
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country's shortcomings. They talked about themselves, their travels,
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their happiness and unhappiness with departing or returning home, and
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their thoughts about the world.</p>
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<p>I spend a lot of time in airports but only rarely speak to my fellow
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travelers. It's amazing how little I know about the thousands of
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people waiting in line with me, sitting near me on the plane, and
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sharing in the long, lonely, and often stressful experience of moving
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between countries and continents. The guest book provided a rare
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window into these people in what is normally the anonymous and
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depersonalized <a class="reference external" href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1859840515/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=httmakcc-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=185984051">non-place</a> of airports. In the quiet room, I could
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-- for the first time -- hear some of these fellow travelers speak.</p>
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<title type="html">Die Technikmafia
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</title>
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<category term="" />
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<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/07/17/20110717-00</id>
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<updated>2011-07-18T01:00:04Z</updated>
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<published>2011-07-18T01:00:04Z</published>
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<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110717-00" />
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<content type="html"><p>Marcus Rohwetter has recently published <a class="reference external" href="http://www.zeit.de/zeit-wissen/2011/04/Antifeatures">a very detailed article about
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Antifeatures</a> in the German monthly magazine <a class="reference external" href="http://www.zeit.de">Zeit
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Wissen</a>. Although I've only read the article through automatic
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translation -- unfortunately, I don't read German -- I'm <em>hugely</em>
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honored that Rohwetter has taken the time to engage with the idea so
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deeply and to help translate the argument for a much broader community
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than the free software community I come from and am best able to
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speak to.</p>
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<p>A lot of what I've been trying to do in the last year or so is to
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figure out how to speak more effectively about the politics of
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technology control to audiences of non-technologists. Indeed, that's
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the whole point of the <a class="reference external" href="http://wiki.mako.cc/Antifeatures">antifeatures concept</a>. I deeply appreciate
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the help of Rohwetter, and others, in that project.</p>
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<title type="html">Berkman Fellowship
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</title>
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<category term="" />
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<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/06/30/20110630-00</id>
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<updated>2011-06-30T16:48:43Z</updated>
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<published>2011-06-30T16:48:43Z</published>
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<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110630-00" />
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<content type="html"><p>Last week, the <a class="reference external" href="http://cyber.law.harvard.edu">Berkman Center for Internet and Society</a> announced
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it's <a class="reference external" href="http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/newsroom/2011_2012_fellows">2011-2012 list of fellows</a>. I'm honored and excited that they
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elected to include me in a pretty incredible list of fellows, faculty
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associates, and other affiliates. It seems I'll be at Harvard next year.</p>
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<p>In my first year as an undergraduate -- when fights over Napster were
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raging -- I took a class taught by a Berkman Fellow on the political
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and social implications of Internet technology. The next year, I
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worked part-time as a teaching assistant for Harvard Law professor
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(and Berkman director) <a class="reference external" href="http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/people/jzittrain">Jonathan Zittrain</a>. These experiences had a
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enormous influence on my life and work. Before, my goal was to
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study and teach English literature.</p>
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<p>I've hung around on the fringes of the center for much of the last
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decade and I've grown immeasurably from the experience. Most recently,
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I've been working closely with Berkman director <a class="reference external" href="http://www.benkler.org/">Yochai Benkler</a> and
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current fellow <a class="reference external" href="http://aaronshaw.org/">Aaron Shaw</a> on research in online cooperation. The
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new crop of fellows includes a pretty great group of people working on
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similar stuff and I'm looking forward to expanding the <a class="reference external" href="http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/research/cooperation">online
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cooperation research at the center</a> and to a year of fascinating
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talks and discussions. I also hope that, after all these, years, I'll
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be able to give a bit back to an organization that has given me so
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much.</p>
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<entry>
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<title type="html">Another Summer European Tour
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</title>
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<category term="" />
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<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/06/29/20110629-00</id>
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<updated>2011-06-29T16:41:03Z</updated>
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<published>2011-06-29T16:41:03Z</published>
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<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110629-00" />
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<content type="html"><p>I've been in Europe for the last couple weeks but pretty occupied with
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things like attending my brother wedding and a series of outdoor
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excursions in Spain.</p>
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<p>Today <a class="reference external" href="http://mika.yukidoke.org/nikki">Mika</a> and I arrived in Berlin where I am going to attending and
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giving a talk at the <a class="reference external" href="http://okcon.org/2011/">Open Knowledge Conference</a> on <a class="reference external" href="http://okcon.org/2011/programme/when-free-software-isnt-better">When Free
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Software Isn't Better</a>. I'll also participate in <a class="reference external" href="http://okcon.org/2011/programme/wikipedia-research-the-innovative-character-of-wikipedia-research-and-the-new-challenges-and-opportunities-associated-with-it">a session on
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Wikipedia research</a> facilitated by <a class="reference external" href="http://www.onlinecreation.info/">Mayo Fuster Morrell</a>.</p>
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<p>On July 2nd, I'll be taking an overnight train to Vienna where I'll be
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attending the <a class="reference external" href="http://ouicommunity.net/">Open and User Innovation Workshop</a> -- an academic
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conference where I'll presenting some of my research. From there I'll
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be hitching a ride to Munich with <a class="reference external" href="http://protopage.com/kiberkomunist">Marcell Mars</a> on July 6th and,
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after that, a flight back to Boston with a weekend long layover in
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Reykjavik.</p>
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<p>Details on the trip are <a class="reference external" href="http://wiki.mako.cc/Travel_plans/Summer_2011">on page on my wiki</a> and I encourage anyone
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to <a class="reference external" href="http://mako.cc/contact">contact me</a> if you're in Berlin, Vienna, Munich, or Reykjavik
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and want to meet up for a drink or a chat.</p>
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</content>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<title type="html">Ask Me Anything in an Igloo
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</title>
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<category term="" />
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<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/02/19/20110219-00</id>
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<updated>2011-02-19T18:42:16Z</updated>
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<published>2011-02-19T18:42:16Z</published>
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<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110219-00" />
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<content type="html"><img alt="/copyrighteous/images/igloo_danny.jpg" class="align-right" src="/copyrighteous/images/igloo_danny.jpg" />
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<p>When <a class="reference external" href="http://www.reddit.com/">Reddit</a> sold to Condé Nast and the founders all moved to
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California, their old place in <a class="reference external" href="https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Davis_Square">Davis Square</a> was empty for a few
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months and they let <a class="reference external" href="http://mika.yukidoke.org/nikki/">Mika</a> I move in and take it over. It's an awesome
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place and we're still there along with some <a class="reference external" href="http://min.us/mvfPWXg#1">Web 2.0 graffiti</a> they
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left on the roof.</p>
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<p>And so it is with pleasure that I've agreed to be interviewed by
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redditor <a class="reference external" href="http://blog.thesilentnumber.me/">Danny Piccirillo</a> in a <a class="reference external" href="https://picasaweb.google.com/danny.piccirillo/Iglootarium">giant igloo he helped build</a> --
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if the unseasonably warm weather streak of weather doesn't manage to
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melt it before next week.</p>
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<p>Questions are being gathered at Reddit so feel free to <a class="reference external" href="http://www.reddit.com/r/reddit.com/comments/fnw13/free_software_leader_benjamin_mako_hill_has/">go there and
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ask me any question you'd like to see me answer in an igloo</a>.</p>
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</content>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<title type="html">Editor-to-Reader Ratios on Wikipedia
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</title>
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<category term="" />
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<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/02/06/20110206-00</id>
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<updated>2011-02-06T11:48:41Z</updated>
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<published>2011-02-06T11:48:41Z</published>
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<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110206-00" />
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<content type="html"><p>It's been <a class="reference external" href="https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2009-11-23/In_the_news">reported for some time</a> now that the number of active
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editors on Wikipedia (usually defined as people who have edited at
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least 5 times in a given month) peaked in 2007 and has been mostly
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stable since then. A graph of the total number of active editors in
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every month since Wikipedia's founding is shown below. The graph shows
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the aggregate numbers for all language Wikipedias. English Wikipedia
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is the largest component of this and is generally more variable. That
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said, very similar patterns exist for most larger languages.</p>
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<img alt="/copyrighteous/images/active_editors_all_wikpiedia.png" src="/copyrighteous/images/active_editors_all_wikpiedia.png" />
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<p>Felipe Ortega, who has provided many of these statistics, has <a class="reference external" href="http://www.gossamer-threads.com/lists/wiki/foundation/183906#183906">warned
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against fatalist claims</a>. Although there seems to be a decrease in
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the total number of active editors over the last two years, the
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situation seems to have somewhat stabilized in most languages. New
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editors in Wikipedia are replacing folks at almost the rate that they
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are leaving. It is also widely known that the number of <em>readers</em> of
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Wikipedia has been increasing during this period. According to the
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<a class="reference external" href="http://stats.wikimedia.org/reportcard/">report cards</a> released by the foundation using <a class="reference external" href="https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/ComScore">comScore</a> data, the
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number of unique visitors to Wikipedia each month has increased by 61
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million people in the last year -- over 17%.</p>
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<p>This discrepancy between rising readership and stable or sinking
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editorship should raise major concern. After all, the Wikimedia
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Foundation's <a class="reference external" href="http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Mission_statement">mission</a> is two part: (1) to empower and engage people
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around the world to collect and develop educational content and (2) to
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disseminate it effectively and globally. Although the Foundation
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report cards include measures of raw levels of editorship, a better
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metric of engagement and empowerment might be the <em>proportion</em> of
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readers who engage in editing.</p>
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<p>I could not find reliable data on the number of unique readers reached
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each month for more than a few months in the last year. What is
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available, however, is <a class="reference external" href="http://stats.wikimedia.org/">wonderful data</a> on page views each month
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going back to 2008. Analysis of the data from available <a class="reference external" href="http://stats.wikimedia.org/reportcard/">report
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cards</a> show that, at least during the last year, there is a very
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stable ratio of 35 page views per unique visitor, as estimated by
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comScore. Using that measure, we can do a back of the envelope
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estimation on the proportion of users that are editors for the period
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where page view data is available, dating back from February 2008 (
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marked with the grey dashed lined above).</p>
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<p>The graphs below show the very different results you get when you
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consider the change in the number of Wikipedia editors and the change
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|
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in the editor-to-reader ratio. Once again, these data are combined
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data for all language Wikipedias although graphs look very similar for
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most larger languages. The results are striking. Although there has
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been a 12% decrease between February 2008 and December 2010 in the
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number of active editors, there is a 42% decrease in the <em>proportion</em>
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of readers who edit at least five times a month. We can see that
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fulfilling the first half of the Wikimedia mission remains a struggle.</p>
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<img alt="/copyrighteous/images/wikipedia_editors_combined_graph.png" src="/copyrighteous/images/wikipedia_editors_combined_graph.png" />
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<p>Although the graphs above do not say anything directly about the most
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active core contributors to Wikipedia, the fact that Wikipedia is
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being maintained by a tiny -- and shrinking -- proportion of its
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readership does mean that the <em>idea</em> behind Wikipedia is under threat.</p>
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<p>Although none are as big as Wikipedia, there are lots of good
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encyclopedias out there. The reason Wikipedia is different,
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interesting, and important is because -- unlike all those others --
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Wikipedia is the encyclopedia <em>that anyone can edit</em>. Wikipedia is
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powerful because it allow its users to transcend their role as
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consumers of the information they use to understand the
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world. Wikipedia allows users to define the reference works that
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define their understanding of the their environment and each other.
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But 99.98% of the time, readers do not transcend that role. I think
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that's a problem. Worse, that the number is growing.</p>
|
|
449
|
+
<p>The Wikimedia Foundation recently ran a major successful effort to
|
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450
|
+
attract donations in its annual fundraiser. Jimmy Wales' smiling mug
|
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451
|
+
is apparently enough in the way of motivation to get something like 1%
|
|
452
|
+
of its readers to donate money to support the project. I think that's
|
|
453
|
+
very good news. If the Wikimedia community can entice even half of
|
|
454
|
+
those people to contribute through an <a class="reference external" href="http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/sj/2011/02/05/wikipedia-loves-editors/">increased involvement</a> in the
|
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|
+
projects themselves, they might do more than ensure Wikipedia's
|
|
456
|
+
continued growth. They would help take a step toward the empowerment
|
|
457
|
+
and engagement of those users in sharing their own knowledge, and the
|
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458
|
+
continued fulfillment of a critically important mission.</p>
|
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+
</content>
|
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460
|
+
</entry>
|
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461
|
+
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462
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+
<entry>
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463
|
+
<title type="html">Antifeatures at the Free Technology Academy
|
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464
|
+
</title>
|
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465
|
+
<category term="" />
|
|
466
|
+
<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/02/04/20110204-00</id>
|
|
467
|
+
<updated>2011-02-05T03:23:45Z</updated>
|
|
468
|
+
<published>2011-02-05T03:23:45Z</published>
|
|
469
|
+
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110204-00" />
|
|
470
|
+
<content type="html"><p>In addition to lecturing for two courses at MIT this term, I recently
|
|
471
|
+
had the pleasure of giving a lecture on antifeatures at the <a class="reference external" href="http://ftacademy.org/">Free
|
|
472
|
+
Technology Academy</a> -- a program which offers Masters courses over
|
|
473
|
+
the Internet. Quite a few of the FTA courses are about free software,
|
|
474
|
+
free knowledge, and related topics!</p>
|
|
475
|
+
<p>It was my first time giving a lecture to microphone and an empty room.
|
|
476
|
+
Although I found it a little tricky to adapt to the lack of any
|
|
477
|
+
audience, the FTA folks put together a great video. I'm psyched that
|
|
478
|
+
the course material will be available as <a class="reference external" href="https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Open_educational_resources">open education resources</a>
|
|
479
|
+
for anyone who might want to incorporate it into another course.</p>
|
|
480
|
+
<p>If you've seen my <a class="reference external" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20100323-00">LCA keynote about antifeatures</a> (which is also
|
|
481
|
+
available online), there's not going to be a whole new in the
|
|
482
|
+
lecture. If didn't see it, you might want to check out <a class="reference external" href="http://campus.ftacademy.org/course/view.php?id=35&amp;username=guest">the
|
|
483
|
+
lecture</a>. I'll be in the online discussion group around the Lecture
|
|
484
|
+
for the next couple weeks but you need to <a class="reference external" href="https://campus.ftacademy.org/login/">sign up</a> to participate.</p>
|
|
485
|
+
</content>
|
|
486
|
+
</entry>
|
|
487
|
+
|
|
488
|
+
<entry>
|
|
489
|
+
<title type="html">Annual Free Software Foundation Fundraiser
|
|
490
|
+
</title>
|
|
491
|
+
<category term="" />
|
|
492
|
+
<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/01/24/20110124-00</id>
|
|
493
|
+
<updated>2011-01-25T01:22:02Z</updated>
|
|
494
|
+
<published>2011-01-25T01:22:02Z</published>
|
|
495
|
+
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110124-00" />
|
|
496
|
+
<content type="html"><div style="float: right;">
|
|
497
|
+
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 15px;">
|
|
498
|
+
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|
499
|
+
var fsf_widget_text = "Help protect your freedom!";
|
|
500
|
+
var fsf_widget_d_btn = "Donate";
|
|
501
|
+
var fsf_widget_share = "Share this widget.";
|
|
502
|
+
var fsf_widget_size = "normal";
|
|
503
|
+
var fsf_associate_id = "3427";
|
|
504
|
+
</script>
|
|
505
|
+
<script type="text/javascript"
|
|
506
|
+
src="http://gplv3.fsf.org/static/widget/widget.js"></script>
|
|
507
|
+
</div>
|
|
508
|
+
</div><p>The <a class="reference external" href="http://www.fsf.org/">Free Software Foundation</a> is in the last week of its annual
|
|
509
|
+
fundraiser and has still has a bit of ground to make up. The FSF needs
|
|
510
|
+
members and donations to merely sustain its basic activity protecting
|
|
511
|
+
free software and engaging in minimal outreach. So as I've done in
|
|
512
|
+
the last couple years, I've written a <a class="reference external" href="http://www.fsf.org/appeal/2010/mako/">fundraising appeal for the
|
|
513
|
+
organization</a>. That why today my face is plastered, Jimmy Wales
|
|
514
|
+
style, all over the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.fsf.org/">FSF website</a>. (For the record, the last bit was
|
|
515
|
+
not my idea and I find it a little embarrassing.)</p>
|
|
516
|
+
<p><a class="reference external" href="http://www.fsf.org/appeal/2010/mako/">My appeal this year</a> begins with my feeling that as our lives
|
|
517
|
+
become increasingly mediated by technology, the question of who
|
|
518
|
+
controls technology becomes another way of asking &quot;Who controls us?&quot;
|
|
519
|
+
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.fsf.org/appeal/2010/mako/">Read the appeal</a> for more.</p>
|
|
520
|
+
<p>That statement, like much of the FSF's work, is not going to get very
|
|
521
|
+
far with most users today. Most people don't think of technology as
|
|
522
|
+
the source of control, power, or autonomy. They don't understand why
|
|
523
|
+
software should be free or even what that might mean. Making this
|
|
524
|
+
argument widely is something the FSF works hard to do. But supporting
|
|
525
|
+
this work is a bit of a chicken-egg problem. The users we most need to
|
|
526
|
+
reach have never heard our message and it can take some time to turn
|
|
527
|
+
even the most receptive into supporters.</p>
|
|
528
|
+
<p>For those of us that do care about technology and the power it has
|
|
529
|
+
over its users, it's hugely important that we take action to support
|
|
530
|
+
software freedom and organizations like the FSF that play a key place
|
|
531
|
+
in this struggle. If we don't, nobody else will. The pool of people
|
|
532
|
+
who might support the FSF today is small -- there are currently about
|
|
533
|
+
3,000 members -- but the stakes are huge: A choice between a world of
|
|
534
|
+
DRM, locked down mobile phones, and non-free network services on one
|
|
535
|
+
hand, and the possibility of a world where there are free alternatives
|
|
536
|
+
on the other. The FSF won't win this fight alone, but it plays a
|
|
537
|
+
critical role in it.</p>
|
|
538
|
+
<p>The FSF is a small, humble, and responsible non-profit and a little
|
|
539
|
+
money can have a big impact. If you are not an FSF associate member,
|
|
540
|
+
<a class="reference external" href="https://my.fsf.org/associate/support_freedom/join_fsf?referrer=3427">now would be a great time to join</a>. Membership is $120 per year
|
|
541
|
+
($60 for students) and payable monthly. In preparing this appeal, I
|
|
542
|
+
realized that my membership had lapsed a couple months ago and that my
|
|
543
|
+
partner <a class="reference external" href="http://mika.yukidoke.org/nikki">Mika</a> was still donating at the reduced student price. We've
|
|
544
|
+
personally fixed both these things and made an additional donation.
|
|
545
|
+
If you are a member, you can <a class="reference external" href="https://my.fsf.org/">check your status</a> or <a class="reference external" href="https://my.fsf.org/donate/mako/">make a
|
|
546
|
+
donation</a>. If you are not yet, Please consider <a class="reference external" href="https://my.fsf.org/associate/support_freedom/join_fsf?referrer=3427">joining us</a>.</p>
|
|
547
|
+
</content>
|
|
548
|
+
</entry>
|
|
549
|
+
|
|
550
|
+
<entry>
|
|
551
|
+
<title type="html">An Only Slightly Fictionalized Story
|
|
552
|
+
</title>
|
|
553
|
+
<category term="" />
|
|
554
|
+
<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2011/01/18/20110118-00</id>
|
|
555
|
+
<updated>2011-01-19T03:41:00Z</updated>
|
|
556
|
+
<published>2011-01-19T03:41:00Z</published>
|
|
557
|
+
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20110118-00" />
|
|
558
|
+
<content type="html"><p>Before heading back to graduate school, my brother worked full-time as
|
|
559
|
+
a personal fitness and strength trainer. Like many trainers, he
|
|
560
|
+
started out in an established gym and then struck out on his own once
|
|
561
|
+
he had established an clientele base. Working on his own, he got
|
|
562
|
+
almost all of his new business from referrals.</p>
|
|
563
|
+
<p>Although one might think that a trainer's trusted long-term clients
|
|
564
|
+
would be the source of most new business, it was mostly the newer,
|
|
565
|
+
less established clients who referred new trainees. The established
|
|
566
|
+
clients had already referred everyone in their social network that
|
|
567
|
+
might be interested.</p>
|
|
568
|
+
<p>That's how I learned about the weak ties of strength.</p>
|
|
569
|
+
</content>
|
|
570
|
+
</entry>
|
|
571
|
+
|
|
572
|
+
<entry>
|
|
573
|
+
<title type="html">When Free Software Isn't Better
|
|
574
|
+
</title>
|
|
575
|
+
<category term="" />
|
|
576
|
+
<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2010/12/12/20101212-00</id>
|
|
577
|
+
<updated>2010-12-12T14:56:56Z</updated>
|
|
578
|
+
<published>2010-12-12T14:56:56Z</published>
|
|
579
|
+
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20101212-00" />
|
|
580
|
+
<content type="html"><p>I have an essay in the latest <a class="reference external" href="http://fsf.org">Free Software Foundation's</a> bulletin
|
|
581
|
+
which FSF members should be receiving this week. I've also republished
|
|
582
|
+
the article on my website as <a class="reference external" href="/writing/hill-when_free_software_isnt_better.html">When Free Software Isn't Better</a>. The
|
|
583
|
+
article confronts the fact that free software is sometimes not as high
|
|
584
|
+
quality or featureful as proprietary alternatives and that most free
|
|
585
|
+
software projects aren't particularly collaborative. It reflects on
|
|
586
|
+
what these facts mean for free software and for open source.</p>
|
|
587
|
+
<p>The Bulletin goes out to all <a class="reference external" href="https://my.fsf.org/associate/support_freedom?referrer=3427">FSF associate members</a>. You should
|
|
588
|
+
<a class="reference external" href="https://my.fsf.org/associate/support_freedom?referrer=3427">join</a> to get a copy mailed to you in the future -- but mostly you
|
|
589
|
+
should join because doing so supports the work of the foundation.</p>
|
|
590
|
+
</content>
|
|
591
|
+
</entry>
|
|
592
|
+
|
|
593
|
+
<entry>
|
|
594
|
+
<title type="html">Doppelgänger
|
|
595
|
+
</title>
|
|
596
|
+
<category term="" />
|
|
597
|
+
<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2010/11/28/20101128-00</id>
|
|
598
|
+
<updated>2010-11-28T23:15:54Z</updated>
|
|
599
|
+
<published>2010-11-28T23:15:54Z</published>
|
|
600
|
+
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20101128-00" />
|
|
601
|
+
<content type="html"><a class="reference external image-reference" href="/copyrighteous/images/food_network_mako.png"><img alt="/copyrighteous/images/food_network_mako-small.png" src="/copyrighteous/images/food_network_mako-small.png" /></a>
|
|
602
|
+
<p>It's funny, I don't remember donning a cape and making an apperance on
|
|
603
|
+
the food network.</p>
|
|
604
|
+
</content>
|
|
605
|
+
</entry>
|
|
606
|
+
|
|
607
|
+
<entry>
|
|
608
|
+
<title type="html">Between the Bars
|
|
609
|
+
</title>
|
|
610
|
+
<category term="" />
|
|
611
|
+
<id>http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/2010/11/14/20101114-00</id>
|
|
612
|
+
<updated>2010-11-15T02:41:24Z</updated>
|
|
613
|
+
<published>2010-11-15T02:41:24Z</published>
|
|
614
|
+
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/20101114-00" />
|
|
615
|
+
<content type="html"><p><a class="reference external" href="/copyrighteous/20091201-00">Almost a year ago</a>, I blogged about <a class="reference external" href="http://betweenthebars.org/blogs">Between the Bars</a> -- a
|
|
616
|
+
project that offers a blogging platform to the 1% of the United
|
|
617
|
+
States population that is currently incarcerated. The <a class="reference external" href="http://betweenthebars.org/about">way it works</a>
|
|
618
|
+
is pretty simple: prisoners send letters through the postal mail. We
|
|
619
|
+
scan them and put them up on the web. Visitors can transcribe letters
|
|
620
|
+
or leave comments which are mailed back to the authors.</p>
|
|
621
|
+
<p>About a month ago, my collaborator <a class="reference external" href="http://tirl.org/">Charlie DeTar</a> and I finally
|
|
622
|
+
finished planning and paperwork and opened the site to bloggers. Over
|
|
623
|
+
the last few weeks, we've had a bunch of authors sign up. We now have
|
|
624
|
+
a <a class="reference external" href="http://betweenthebars.org/blogs">daily stream of blog posts</a> going up on the site.</p>
|
|
625
|
+
<p>Please visit the site. Leave comments. Transcribe posts. If you know
|
|
626
|
+
of prisoners who might like to use the site, let them know. If you
|
|
627
|
+
want postcard fliers to send to prisoners, <a class="reference external" href="mailto:info&#64;betweenthebars.org">let us know</a>.</p>
|
|
628
|
+
</content>
|
|
629
|
+
</entry>
|
|
630
|
+
</feed>
|