familia 2.0.0.pre14 → 2.0.0.pre16

data/docs/reference/api-technical.md

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+# Familia v2.0.0-pre Series Technical Reference
+
+**Familia** is a Ruby ORM for Valkey/Redis providing object mapping, relationships, and advanced features like encryption, connection pooling, and permission systems. This technical reference covers the major classes, methods, and usage patterns introduced in the v2.0.0-pre series.
+
+> For conceptual understanding and getting started with Familia, see the [Overview Guide](../overview.md). This document provides detailed implementation patterns and advanced configuration options.
+
+---
+
+## Core Architecture
+
+### Base Classes
+
+#### `Familia::Horreum` - Primary ORM Base Class
+The main base class for Valkey/Redis-backed objects, similar to ActiveRecord models.
+
+```ruby
+class User < Familia::Horreum
+  # Basic field definitions
+  field :name, :email, :created_at
+
+  # Valkey/Redis data types as instance variables
+  list :sessions      # Valkey/Redis list
+  set :tags          # Valkey/Redis set
+  zset :scores       # Valkey/Redis sorted set
+  hashkey :settings  # Valkey/Redis hash
+end
+```
+
+**Key Methods:**
+- `save` - Persist object to Valkey/Redis
+- `save_if_not_exists` - Conditional persistence (v2.0.0-pre6)
+- `load` - Load object from Valkey/Redis
+- `exists?` - Check if object exists in Valkey/Redis
+- `destroy` - Remove object from Valkey/Redis
+
+#### `Familia::DataType` - Valkey/Redis Data Type Wrapper
+Base class for Valkey/Redis data type implementations.
+
+**Registered Types:**
+- `String` - Valkey/Redis strings
+- `List` - Valkey/Redis lists
+- `Set` - Valkey/Redis sets
+- `SortedSet` - Valkey/Redis sorted sets
+- `HashKey` - Valkey/Redis hashes
+- `Counter` - Atomic counters
+- `Lock` - Distributed locks
+
+---
+
+## Feature System (v2.0.0-pre5+)
+
+### Feature Architecture
+Modular system for extending Horreum classes with reusable functionality.
+
+```ruby
+class Customer < Familia::Horreum
+  feature :expiration      # TTL management
+  feature :safe_dump       # API-safe serialization
+  feature :encrypted_fields # Field encryption
+  feature :transient_fields # Non-persistent fields
+  feature :relationships   # Object relationships
+
+  field :name, :email
+  encrypted_field :api_key
+  transient_field :password
+end
+```
+
+### Built-in Features
+
+#### 1. Expiration Feature
+TTL (Time To Live) management with cascading expiration.
+
+```ruby
+class Session < Familia::Horreum
+  feature :expiration
+
+  field :user_id, :token
+  default_expiration 24.hours
+
+  # Cascade expiration to related objects
+  cascade_expiration_to :user_activity
+end
+
+session = Session.new(user_id: 123, token: "abc123")
+session.save
+session.expire_in(1.hour)  # UnsortedSet custom expiration
+session.ttl                # Check remaining time
+```
+
+#### 2. SafeDump Feature
+API-safe serialization excluding sensitive fields.
+
+```ruby
+class User < Familia::Horreum
+  feature :safe_dump
+
+  field :name, :email, :password_hash
+  safe_dump_field :name, :email  # Only these fields in safe_dump
+end
+
+user = User.new(name: "Alice", email: "alice@example.com", password_hash: "secret")
+user.safe_dump  # => {"name" => "Alice", "email" => "alice@example.com"}
+```
+
+#### 3. Encrypted Fields Feature (v2.0.0-pre5)
+Transparent field-level encryption with multiple providers.
+
+```ruby
+# Configuration
+Familia.configure do |config|
+  config.encryption_keys = {
+    v1: ENV['FAMILIA_ENCRYPTION_KEY'],
+    v2: ENV['FAMILIA_ENCRYPTION_KEY_V2']
+  }
+  config.current_key_version = :v2
+end
+
+class Vault < Familia::Horreum
+  feature :encrypted_fields
+
+  field :name                    # Plaintext
+  encrypted_field :secret_key    # Encrypted with XChaCha20-Poly1305
+  encrypted_field :api_token     # Field-specific key derivation
+  encrypted_field :private_data  # Transparent access
+end
+
+vault = Vault.new(
+  name: "Production Secrets",
+  secret_key: "super-secret-123",
+  api_token: "sk-1234567890"
+)
+vault.save
+
+# Transparent access - automatically encrypted/decrypted
+vault.secret_key  # => "super-secret-123" (decrypted on access)
+```
+
+**Encryption Providers:**
+- **XChaCha20-Poly1305** (preferred) - Requires `rbnacl` gem
+- **AES-256-GCM** (fallback) - Uses OpenSSL, no dependencies
+
+**Advanced Security Implementation:**
+```ruby
+# Multiple encryption providers with fallback
+class CriticalData < Familia::Horreum
+  feature :encrypted_fields
+
+  # Configure encryption provider preference
+  set_encryption_provider :xchacha20_poly1305  # Preferred
+  set_fallback_provider :aes_gcm               # Fallback
+
+  encrypted_field :credit_card, aad_fields: [:user_id, :created_at]
+  encrypted_field :ssn, provider: :xchacha20_poly1305  # Force specific provider
+  encrypted_field :notes  # Uses default provider
+end
+
+# Key versioning and rotation
+Familia.configure do |config|
+  config.encryption_keys = {
+    v1: ENV['OLD_KEY'],      # Legacy key
+    v2: ENV['CURRENT_KEY'],  # Current key
+    v3: ENV['NEW_KEY']       # New key for rotation
+  }
+  config.current_key_version = :v2
+
+  # Provider configuration
+  config.encryption_providers = {
+    xchacha20_poly1305: {
+      key_size: 32,
+      nonce_size: 24,
+      require_gem: 'rbnacl'
+    },
+    aes_gcm: {
+      key_size: 32,
+      iv_size: 12,
+      tag_size: 16
+    }
+  }
+end
+
+# Request-level key caching for performance
+Familia::Encryption.with_request_cache do
+  1000.times do |i|
+    record = CriticalData.new(
+      credit_card: "4111-1111-1111-#{i.to_s.rjust(4, '0')}",
+      ssn: "123-45-#{i.to_s.rjust(4, '0')}",
+      notes: "Customer record #{i}"
+    )
+    record.save  # Reuses derived keys for performance
+  end
+end
+
+# Key rotation procedures
+CriticalData.all.each do |record|
+  # Re-encrypt with current key version
+  record.re_encrypt_fields!
+
+  # Verify encryption status
+  status = record.encrypted_fields_status
+  puts "Record #{record.identifier}: #{status}"
+  # => {credit_card: {encrypted: true, key_version: :v2, provider: :xchacha20_poly1305}}
+end
+```
+
+**ConcealedString Security Features:**
+```ruby
+# Automatic protection against accidental exposure
+user = CriticalData.load("user123")
+
+# Safe operations
+user.credit_card.class           # => ConcealedString
+user.credit_card.to_s           # => "[CONCEALED]"
+user.credit_card.inspect        # => "[CONCEALED]"
+user.credit_card.to_json        # => "\"[CONCEALED]\""
+
+# Explicit access when needed
+actual_card = user.credit_card.reveal  # => "4111-1111-1111-1234"
+
+# Logging safety
+Rails.logger.info "Processing card: #{user.credit_card}"
+# => "Processing card: [CONCEALED]" (safe for logs)
+
+# JSON serialization safety
+user_data = user.to_json
+# All encrypted fields show as "[CONCEALED]" in JSON
+```
+
+#### 4. Transient Fields Feature (v2.0.0-pre5)
+Non-persistent fields with memory-safe handling.
+
+```ruby
+class LoginForm < Familia::Horreum
+  feature :transient_fields
+
+  field :username              # Persistent
+  transient_field :password    # Never stored in Redis
+  transient_field :csrf_token  # Runtime only
+end
+
+form = LoginForm.new(username: "alice", password: "secret123")
+form.save  # Only saves 'username', password is transient
+
+form.password.class  # => Familia::Features::TransientFields::RedactedString
+form.password.to_s   # => "[REDACTED]" (safe for logging)
+form.password.reveal # => "secret123" (explicit access)
+```
+
+**RedactedString** - Security wrapper preventing accidental exposure:
+- `to_s` returns "[REDACTED]"
+- `inspect` returns "[REDACTED]"
+- `reveal` method for explicit access
+- Safe for logging and serialization
+
+#### 5. Relationships Feature (v2.0.0-pre7)
+Comprehensive object relationship system with automatic management, clean Ruby-idiomatic syntax, and simplified method generation.
+
+```ruby
+class Customer < Familia::Horreum
+  feature :relationships
+
+  identifier_field :custid
+  field :custid, :name, :email
+
+  # Collections for storing related object IDs
+  set :domains           # Simple set
+  zset :activity   # Scored/sorted collection
+
+  # Class-level indexed lookups (automatically managed on save/destroy)
+  class_indexed_by :email, :email_lookup
+
+  # Class-level tracking with scoring (automatically managed on save/destroy)
+  class_participates_in :all_customers, score: :created_at
+end
+
+class Domain < Familia::Horreum
+  feature :relationships
+
+  identifier_field :domain_id
+  field :domain_id, :name, :status
+
+  # Bidirectional membership with clean << operator support
+  participates_in Customer, :domains
+
+  # Relationship-scoped indexing (per-customer domain lookups)
+  indexed_by :name, :domain_index, target: Customer
+
+  # Class-level conditional tracking with lambda scoring
+  class_participates_in :active_domains,
+                   score: -> { status == 'active' ? Familia.now.to_i : 0 }
+end
+```
+
+**Relationship Operations with Automatic Management:**
+
+```ruby
+# Create and save objects (automatic indexing and tracking)
+customer = Customer.new(custid: "cust123", name: "Acme Corp", email: "admin@acme.com")
+customer.save  # Automatically adds to email_lookup and all_customers
+
+domain = Domain.new(domain_id: "dom456", name: "acme.com", status: "active")
+domain.save    # Automatically adds to active_domains
+
+# Establish relationships using clean Ruby-like << operator
+customer.domains << domain  # Clean, Ruby-idiomatic collection syntax
+
+# Query relationships
+domain.in_customer_domains?(customer.custid)  # => true
+customer.domains.member?(domain.identifier)   # => true
+
+# O(1) indexed lookups (automatic management - no manual calls needed)
+found_id = Customer.email_lookup.get("admin@acme.com")
+found_customer = Customer.find_by_email("admin@acme.com")  # Convenience method
+
+# Relationship-scoped lookups
+customer_domain = customer.find_by_name("acme.com")  # Find within customer
+
+# Class-level tracking queries
+recent_customers = Customer.all_customers.range_by_score(
+  (Familia.now - 24.hours).to_i, '+inf'
+)
+active_domains = Domain.active_domains.members
+```
+
+**Key Features:**
+- **Automatic Management**: Objects automatically added/removed from class-level collections on save/destroy
+- **Clean Syntax**: Collections support Ruby-like `customer.domains << domain` syntax
+- **Simplified Methods**: No complex "global" terminology - uses clear `class_` prefixes
+- **Performance**: O(1) hash lookups and efficient sorted set operations
+- **Flexibility**: Supports class-level and relationship-scoped indexing patterns
+
+#### 6. Object Identifier Feature (v2.0.0-pre7)
+Automatic generation of unique object identifiers with configurable strategies.
+
+```ruby
+class Document < Familia::Horreum
+  feature :object_identifier, generator: :uuid_v4
+
+  field :title, :content, :created_at
+end
+
+class Session < Familia::Horreum
+  feature :object_identifier, generator: :hex, length: 16
+
+  field :user_id, :data, :expires_at
+end
+
+class ApiKey < Familia::Horreum
+  feature :object_identifier, generator: :custom
+
+  field :name, :permissions, :created_at
+
+  # Custom generator implementation
+  def self.generate_identifier
+    "ak_#{SecureRandom.alphanumeric(32)}"
+  end
+end
+```
+
+**Generator Types:**
+- `:uuid_v4` - Standard UUID v4 format (36 characters)
+- `:hex` - Hexadecimal strings (configurable length, default 12)
+- `:custom` - User-defined generator method
+
+**Technical Implementation:**
+```ruby
+# Auto-generated on object creation
+doc = Document.create(title: "My Document")
+doc.objid  # => "f47ac10b-58cc-4372-a567-0e02b2c3d479"
+
+session = Session.create(user_id: "123")
+session.objid  # => "a1b2c3d4e5f67890"
+
+# Custom identifier validation
+api_key = ApiKey.create(name: "Production API")
+api_key.objid  # => "ak_Xy9ZaBcD3fG8HjKlMnOpQrStUvWxYz12"
+
+# Collision detection and retry logic
+Document.feature_options(:object_identifier)
+#=> {generator: :uuid_v4, max_retries: 3, collision_check: true}
+```
+
+#### 7. External Identifier Feature (v2.0.0-pre7)
+Integration patterns for external system identifiers with validation and mapping.
+
+```ruby
+class ExternalUser < Familia::Horreum
+  feature :external_identifier
+
+  identifier_field :internal_id
+  field :internal_id, :external_id, :name, :sync_status, :last_sync_at
+
+  # External system validation (custom implementation)
+  def valid_external_id?
+    external_id.present? && external_id.match?(/^ext_\d{6,}$/)
+  end
+end
+
+class LegacyAccount < Familia::Horreum
+  feature :external_identifier, prefix: "legacy"
+
+  field :legacy_account_id, :migrated_at, :migration_status
+
+  # Custom validation logic
+  def valid_external_id?
+    legacy_account_id.present? &&
+    legacy_account_id.match?(/^LAC[A-Z]{2}\d{8}$/)
+  end
+
+  # Bidirectional mapping
+  def self.find_by_legacy_id(legacy_id)
+    mapping = external_id_mapping.get(legacy_id)
+    mapping ? load(mapping) : nil
+  end
+end
+```
+
+**External ID Management:**
+```ruby
+# Create with external mapping
+user = ExternalUser.new(
+  internal_id: SecureRandom.uuid,
+  external_id: "ext_123456",
+  name: "John Doe"
+)
+user.save  # Automatically creates bidirectional mapping
+
+# Lookup by external ID (custom implementation)
+found_user = nil
+ExternalUser.all.each do |user|
+  if user.external_id == "ext_123456"
+    found_user = user
+    break
+  end
+end
+
+# Sync status tracking (custom implementation)
+user.sync_status = "pending"
+user.save
+user.sync_status = "completed"
+user.save
+```
+
+#### 8. Quantization Feature (v2.0.0-pre7)
+Advanced time-based data bucketing with configurable strategies and analytics integration.
+
+```ruby
+class DailyMetric < Familia::Horreum
+  feature :quantization
+
+  identifier_field :metric_key
+  field :metric_key, :bucket_timestamp, :value_count, :sum_value
+
+  # Example: Basic time quantization
+  string :counter, default_expiration: 1.day, quantize: [10.minutes, '%H:%M']
+end
+```
+
+**Basic Usage:**
+```ruby
+# Create metric with quantized timestamp
+metric = DailyMetric.new(metric_key: "page_views")
+metric.counter.increment
+
+# Time-based data grouping occurs automatically
+# All data within the same 10-minute window shares the same key
+```
+
+**Key Benefits:**
+- **Time Bucketing**: Group time-based data into configurable intervals
+- **Reduced Storage**: Aggregate similar data points to optimize memory usage
+- **Analytics Ready**: Perfect for dashboards and time-series data visualization
+
+---
+
+## Advanced Feature System Architecture (v2.0.0-pre7)
+
+### Feature Autoloader for Complex Projects
+Organize features into modular files for large applications.
+
+```ruby
+# app/models/customer.rb - Main model file
+class Customer < Familia::Horreum
+  module Features
+    include Familia::Features::Autoloader
+    # Automatically loads all .rb files from app/models/customer/features/
+  end
+
+  # Core model definition
+  identifier_field :custid
+  field :custid, :name, :email, :created_at
+end
+
+# app/models/customer/features/notifications.rb
+module Customer::Features::Notifications
+  def send_welcome_email
+    NotificationService.send_template(
+      email: email,
+      template: 'customer_welcome',
+      variables: { name: name, custid: custid }
+    )
+  end
+
+  def send_invoice_reminder(invoice_id)
+    NotificationService.send_template(
+      email: email,
+      template: 'invoice_reminder',
+      variables: { invoice_id: invoice_id }
+    )
+  end
+end
+
+# app/models/customer/features/analytics.rb
+module Customer::Features::Analytics
+  extend ActiveSupport::Concern
+
+  included do
+    # Add analytics tracking to core model
+    feature :relationships
+    class_participates_in :customer_analytics, score: :created_at
+  end
+
+  def track_activity(activity_type, metadata = {})
+    activity_data = {
+      custid: custid,
+      activity: activity_type,
+      timestamp: Familia.now.to_i,
+      metadata: metadata
+    }
+
+    # Store in customer's activity stream
+    activities.unshift(activity_data.to_json)
+    activities.trim(0, 999)  # Keep last 1000 activities
+  end
+
+  def recent_activities(limit = 10)
+    activities.range(0, limit - 1).map { |json| JSON.parse(json) }
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### Feature Dependencies and Loading Order
+Control feature loading sequence with dependency declarations.
+
+```ruby
+# lib/features/advanced_encryption.rb
+module AdvancedEncryption
+  extend Familia::Features::Autoloadable
+
+  def self.depends_on
+    [:encrypted_fields, :safe_dump]  # Required features
+  end
+
+  def self.included(base)
+    base.extend ClassMethods
+  end
+
+  module ClassMethods
+    def encrypt_all_fields!
+      # Batch encrypt all existing records
+      all_records.each(&:re_encrypt_fields!)
+    end
+
+    def encryption_health_check
+      # Validate encryption across all records
+      failed_records = []
+      all_records.each do |record|
+        unless record.encrypted_fields_status.all? { |_, status| status[:encrypted] }
+          failed_records << record.identifier
+        end
+      end
+      failed_records
+    end
+  end
+
+  def secure_export
+    # Combine safe_dump with additional security
+    exported = safe_dump
+    exported[:export_timestamp] = Familia.now.to_i
+    exported[:checksum] = Digest::SHA256.hexdigest(exported.to_json)
+    exported
+  end
+end
+
+# Usage with automatic dependency resolution
+class SecureCustomer < Familia::Horreum
+  feature :advanced_encryption  # Automatically includes dependencies
+
+  field :name, :email
+  encrypted_field :api_key, :private_notes
+  safe_dump_field :name, :email
+end
+```
+
+### Per-Class Feature Configuration Isolation
+Each class maintains independent feature options.
+
+```ruby
+class PrimaryCache < Familia::Horreum
+  feature :expiration, cascade_to: [:secondary_cache]
+  feature :quantization, time_buckets: [1.hour, 6.hours, 1.day]
+
+  field :cache_key, :value, :hit_count
+  default_expiration 24.hours
+end
+
+class SecondaryCache < Familia::Horreum
+  feature :expiration, cascade_to: []  # No further cascading
+  feature :quantization, time_buckets: [1.day, 1.week]  # Different buckets
+
+  field :cache_key, :backup_value, :backup_timestamp
+  default_expiration 7.days
+end
+
+# Feature options are completely isolated
+PrimaryCache.feature_options(:expiration)
+#=> {cascade_to: [:secondary_cache]}
+
+SecondaryCache.feature_options(:expiration)
+#=> {cascade_to: []}
+
+PrimaryCache.feature_options(:quantization)
+#=> {time_buckets: [3600, 21600, 86400]}
+
+SecondaryCache.feature_options(:quantization)
+#=> {time_buckets: [86400, 604800]}
+```
+
+### Runtime Feature Management
+Add, remove, and configure features dynamically.
+
+```ruby
+class DynamicModel < Familia::Horreum
+  field :name, :status
+
+  def self.enable_feature_set(feature_set)
+    case feature_set
+    when :basic
+      feature :expiration
+      feature :safe_dump
+    when :secure
+      feature :expiration
+      feature :encrypted_fields
+      feature :safe_dump
+    when :analytics
+      feature :expiration
+      feature :relationships
+      feature :quantization
+    end
+  end
+
+  def self.feature_enabled?(feature_name)
+    features_enabled.include?(feature_name.to_sym)
+  end
+
+  def self.disable_feature(feature_name)
+    # Remove feature from enabled list (affects new instances)
+    features_enabled.delete(feature_name.to_sym)
+    remove_feature_options(feature_name)
+  end
+end
+
+# Runtime configuration
+DynamicModel.enable_feature_set(:analytics)
+DynamicModel.feature_enabled?(:relationships)  # => true
+
+# Conditional feature usage
+if DynamicModel.feature_enabled?(:encrypted_fields)
+  DynamicModel.encrypted_field :sensitive_data
+end
+```
+
+---
+
+## Connection Management (v2.0.0-pre+)
+
+### Connection Provider Pattern
+Flexible connection pooling with provider-based architecture.
+
+```ruby
+# Basic Valkey/Redis connection
+Familia.configure do |config|
+  config.redis_uri = "redis://localhost:6379/0"
+end
+
+# Connection pooling with ConnectionPool gem
+require 'connection_pool'
+
+Familia.connection_provider = lambda do |uri|
+  parsed = URI.parse(uri)
+  pool_key = "#{parsed.host}:#{parsed.port}/#{parsed.db || 0}"
+
+  @pools ||= {}
+  @pools[pool_key] ||= ConnectionPool.new(size: 10, timeout: 5) do
+    Redis.new(
+      host: parsed.host,
+      port: parsed.port,
+      db: parsed.db || 0,
+      connect_timeout: 1,
+      read_timeout: 1,
+      write_timeout: 1
+    )
+  end
+
+  @pools[pool_key].with { |conn| yield conn if block_given?; conn }
+end
+```
+
+### Multi-Database Support
+Configure different logical databases for different models.
+
+```ruby
+class User < Familia::Horreum
+  logical_database 0  # Use database 0
+  field :name, :email
+end
+
+class Session < Familia::Horreum
+  logical_database 1  # Use database 1
+  field :user_id, :token
+end
+
+class Cache < Familia::Horreum
+  logical_database 2  # Use database 2
+  field :key, :value
+end
+```
+
+---
+
+## Advanced Relationship Patterns
+
+### Permission-Encoded Relationships (v2.0.0-pre7)
+Combine timestamps with permission bits for access control.
+
+```ruby
+class Document < Familia::Horreum
+  feature :relationships
+
+  identifier_field :doc_id
+  field :doc_id, :title, :content
+
+  # Permission constants (bit flags)
+  READ    = 1   # 001
+  WRITE   = 2   # 010
+  DELETE  = 4   # 100
+  ADMIN   = 8   # 1000
+end
+
+class UserDocumentAccess
+  # Encode timestamp + permissions into sorted set score
+  def self.encode_score(timestamp, permissions)
+    "#{timestamp}.#{permissions}".to_f
+  end
+
+  def self.decode_score(score)
+    parts = score.to_s.split('.')
+    timestamp = parts[0].to_i
+    permissions = parts[1] ? parts[1].to_i : 0
+    [timestamp, permissions]
+  end
+
+  # Check if user has specific permission
+  def self.has_permission?(permissions, required)
+    (permissions & required) != 0
+  end
+end
+
+# Usage example
+user_id = "user123"
+doc_id = "doc456"
+timestamp = Familia.now.to_i
+
+# Grant read + write permissions
+permissions = Document::READ | Document::WRITE  # 3
+score = UserDocumentAccess.encode_score(timestamp, permissions)
+
+# Store in sorted set (user_id -> score with permissions)
+user_documents = Familia::DataType::SortedSet.new("user:#{user_id}:documents")
+user_documents.add(doc_id, score)
+
+# Query with permission filtering
+docs_with_write = user_documents.select do |doc_id, score|
+  _, permissions = UserDocumentAccess.decode_score(score)
+  UserDocumentAccess.has_permission?(permissions, Document::WRITE)
+end
+```
+
+### Time-Series Relationships with Automatic Management
+Track relationships over time with timestamp-based scoring and automatic updates.
+
+```ruby
+class ActivityTracker < Familia::Horreum
+  feature :relationships
+
+  identifier_field :activity_id
+  field :activity_id, :user_id, :activity_type, :data, :created_at
+
+  # Class-level tracking with automatic management
+  class_participates_in :user_activities, score: :created_at
+  class_participates_in :activity_by_type,
+                   score: ->(activity) { "#{activity.activity_type}:#{activity.created_at}".hash }
+end
+
+# Create and save activity (automatic tracking)
+activity = ActivityTracker.new(
+  activity_id: 'act123',
+  user_id: 'user456',
+  activity_type: 'login',
+  created_at: Familia.now.to_i
+)
+activity.save  # Automatically added to both tracking collections
+
+# Query recent activities (last hour)
+hour_ago = (Familia.now - 1.hour).to_i
+recent_activities = ActivityTracker.user_activities.range_by_score(
+  hour_ago, '+inf', limit: [0, 50]
+)
+
+# Get activities by type in time range
+login_activities = ActivityTracker.activity_by_type.range_by_score(
+  "login:#{hour_ago}".hash, "login:#{Familia.now.to_i}".hash
+)
+```
+
+---
+
+## Data Type Usage Patterns
+
+### Advanced Sorted UnsortedSet Operations
+Leverage Valkey/Redis sorted sets for rankings, time series, and scored data.
+
+```ruby
+class Leaderboard < Familia::Horreum
+  identifier_field :game_id
+  field :game_id, :name
+  sorted_set :scores
+end
+
+leaderboard = Leaderboard.new(game_id: "game1", name: "Daily Challenge")
+
+# Add player scores
+leaderboard.scores.add("player1", 1500)
+leaderboard.scores.add("player2", 2300)
+leaderboard.scores.add("player3", 1800)
+
+# Get top 10 players
+top_players = leaderboard.scores.range(0, 9, with_scores: true, order: 'DESC')
+# => [["player2", 2300.0], ["player3", 1800.0], ["player1", 1500.0]]
+
+# Get player rank
+rank = leaderboard.scores.rank("player1", order: 'DESC')  # => 2 (0-indexed)
+
+# Get score range
+mid_tier = leaderboard.scores.range_by_score(1000, 2000, with_scores: true)
+
+# Increment score atomically
+leaderboard.scores.increment("player1", 100)  # Add 100 to existing score
+```
+
+### List-Based Queues and Feeds
+Use Valkey/Redis lists for queues, feeds, and ordered data.
+
+```ruby
+class TaskQueue < Familia::Horreum
+  identifier_field :queue_name
+  field :queue_name
+  list :tasks
+end
+
+class ActivityFeed < Familia::Horreum
+  identifier_field :user_id
+  field :user_id
+  list :activities
+end
+
+# Task queue operations
+queue = TaskQueue.new(queue_name: "email_processing")
+
+# Add tasks to queue (right push)
+queue.tasks.push({
+  type: "send_email",
+  recipient: "user@example.com",
+  template: "welcome"
+}.to_json)
+
+# Process tasks (left pop - FIFO)
+next_task = queue.tasks.pop  # Atomic pop from left
+task_data = JSON.parse(next_task) if next_task
+
+# Activity feed with size limit
+feed = ActivityFeed.new(user_id: "user123")
+
+# Add activity (keep last 100)
+feed.activities.unshift("User logged in at #{Familia.now}")
+feed.activities.trim(0, 99)  # Keep only last 100 items
+
+# Get recent activities
+recent = feed.activities.range(0, 9)  # Get 10 most recent
+```
+
+### Hash-Based Configuration Storage
+Store structured configuration and key-value data.
+
+```ruby
+class UserPreferences < Familia::Horreum
+  identifier_field :user_id
+  field :user_id
+  hash :settings
+  hash :feature_flags
+end
+
+prefs = UserPreferences.new(user_id: "user123")
+
+# UnsortedSet individual preferences
+prefs.settings.set("theme", "dark")
+prefs.settings.set("notifications", "true")
+prefs.settings.set("timezone", "UTC-5")
+
+# Batch set multiple values
+prefs.feature_flags.update({
+  "beta_ui" => "true",
+  "new_dashboard" => "false",
+  "advanced_features" => "true"
+})
+
+# Get preferences
+theme = prefs.settings.get("theme")  # => "dark"
+all_settings = prefs.settings.all    # => Hash of all settings
+
+# Check feature flags
+beta_enabled = prefs.feature_flags.get("beta_ui") == "true"
+```
+
+---
+
+## Error Handling and Validation
+
+### Connection Error Handling
+Robust error handling for Valkey/Redis connection issues.
+
+```ruby
+class ResilientService < Familia::Horreum
+  field :name, :data
+
+  def self.with_fallback(&block)
+    retries = 3
+    begin
+      yield
+    rescue Redis::ConnectionError, Redis::TimeoutError => e
+      retries -= 1
+      if retries > 0
+        sleep(0.1 * (4 - retries))  # Exponential backoff
+        retry
+      else
+        Familia.warn "Redis operation failed after retries: #{e.message}"
+        nil  # Return nil or handle gracefully
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def save_with_fallback
+    self.class.with_fallback { save }
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### Data Validation Patterns
+Implement validation in model classes.
+
+```ruby
+class User < Familia::Horreum
+  field :email, :username, :age
+
+  def valid?
+    errors.clear
+    validate_email
+    validate_username
+    validate_age
+    errors.empty?
+  end
+
+  def errors
+    @errors ||= []
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def validate_email
+    unless email&.include?('@')
+      errors << "Email must be valid"
+    end
+  end
+
+  def validate_username
+    if username.nil? || username.length < 3
+      errors << "Username must be at least 3 characters"
+    end
+  end
+
+  def validate_age
+    unless age.is_a?(Integer) && age > 0
+      errors << "Age must be a positive integer"
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+# Usage
+user = User.new(email: "invalid", username: "ab", age: -5)
+if user.valid?
+  user.save
+else
+  puts "Validation errors: #{user.errors.join(', ')}"
+end
+```
+
+---
+
+## Performance Optimization
+
+### Batch Operations
+Minimize Valkey/Redis round trips with batch operations.
+
+```ruby
+# Instead of multiple individual operations
+users = []
+100.times do |i|
+  user = User.new(name: "User #{i}", email: "user#{i}@example.com")
+  users << user
+end
+
+# Use Valkey/Redis pipelining for batch saves
+User.transaction do |redis|
+  users.each do |user|
+    # All operations batched in transaction
+    user.object.set_all(user.to_hash)
+    User.email_index.set(user.email, user.identifier)
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### Memory Optimization
+Efficient memory usage patterns.
+
+```ruby
+class CacheEntry < Familia::Horreum
+  feature :expiration
+
+  field :key, :value, :created_at
+  default_expiration 1.hour
+
+  # Use shorter field names to reduce memory
+  field :k, :v, :c  # Instead of key, value, created_at
+
+  # Compress large values
+  def value=(val)
+    @value = val.length > 1000 ? Zlib.deflate(val) : val
+  end
+
+  def value
+    val = @value || ""
+    val.start_with?("\x78\x9c") ? Zlib.inflate(val) : val
+  rescue Zlib::DataError
+    @value  # Return original if decompression fails
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### Connection Pool Sizing
+Configure connection pools based on application needs.
+
+```ruby
+# High-throughput application
+Familia.connection_provider = lambda do |uri|
+  ConnectionPool.new(size: 25, timeout: 5) do
+    Redis.new(uri, connect_timeout: 0.1, read_timeout: 1, write_timeout: 1)
+  end.with { |conn| yield conn if block_given?; conn }
+end
+
+# Memory-constrained environment
+Familia.connection_provider = lambda do |uri|
+  ConnectionPool.new(size: 5, timeout: 10) do
+    Redis.new(uri, connect_timeout: 2, read_timeout: 5, write_timeout: 5)
+  end.with { |conn| yield conn if block_given?; conn }
+end
+```
+
+---
+
+## Migration and Upgrading
+
+### From v1.x to v2.0.0-pre
+Key changes and migration steps.
+
+```ruby
+# OLD v1.x syntax
+class User < Familia
+  identifier :email
+  string :name
+  list :sessions
+end
+
+# NEW v2.0.0-pre syntax
+class User < Familia::Horreum
+  identifier_field :email  # Updated method name
+  field :name              # Generic field method
+  list :sessions           # Data types unchanged
+end
+
+# Feature activation (NEW)
+class User < Familia::Horreum
+  feature :expiration      # Explicit feature activation
+  feature :safe_dump
+
+  identifier_field :email
+  field :name
+  list :sessions
+
+  default_expiration 24.hours  # Feature-specific methods
+  safe_dump_field :name       # Feature-specific methods
+end
+```
+
+### Encryption Migration
+Migrating existing fields to encrypted storage.
+
+```ruby
+# Step 1: Add feature without changing existing fields
+class User < Familia::Horreum
+  feature :encrypted_fields  # Add feature
+
+  field :name, :email
+  field :api_key    # Still plaintext during migration
+end
+
+# Step 2: Migrate data with dual read/write
+class User < Familia::Horreum
+  feature :encrypted_fields
+
+  field :name, :email
+  encrypted_field :api_key  # Now encrypted
+
+  # Temporary migration method
+  def migrate_api_key!
+    if raw_api_key = object.get("api_key")  # Read old plaintext
+      self.api_key = raw_api_key             # Write as encrypted
+      object.delete("api_key")               # Remove plaintext
+      save
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+# Step 3: Run migration for all users
+User.all.each(&:migrate_api_key!)
+```
+
+---
+
+## Testing Patterns
+
+### Test Helpers and Utilities
+Common patterns for testing Familia applications.
+
+```ruby
+# test_helper.rb
+require 'familia'
+
+# Use separate Valkey/Redis database for tests
+Familia.configure do |config|
+  config.redis_uri = ENV.fetch('REDIS_TEST_URI', 'redis://localhost:6379/15')
+end
+
+module TestHelpers
+  def setup_redis
+    # Clear test database
+    Familia.connection.flushdb
+  end
+
+  def teardown_redis
+    Familia.connection.flushdb
+  end
+
+  def create_test_user(**attrs)
+    User.new({
+      email: "test@example.com",
+      name: "Test User",
+      created_at: Familia.now.to_i
+    }.merge(attrs))
+  end
+end
+
+# In test files
+class UserTest < Minitest::Test
+  include TestHelpers
+
+  def setup
+    setup_redis
+  end
+
+  def teardown
+    teardown_redis
+  end
+
+  def test_user_creation_with_automatic_indexing
+    user = create_test_user(name: "Alice")
+    user.save  # Automatically adds to class-level indexes
+
+    assert user.exists?
+    assert_equal "Alice", user.name
+
+    # Test automatic indexing
+    found_id = User.email_lookup.get(user.email)
+    assert_equal user.identifier, found_id
+  end
+
+  def test_relationships_with_clean_syntax
+    user = create_test_user
+    user.save  # Automatic class-level tracking
+
+    domain = Domain.new(domain_id: "test_domain", name: "test.com")
+    domain.save  # Automatic class-level tracking
+
+    # Test clean relationship syntax
+    user.domains << domain  # Ruby-like collection syntax
+    assert domain.in_user_domains?(user.identifier)
+    assert user.domains.member?(domain.identifier)
+  end
+
+  def test_encrypted_fields_concealment
+    setup_encryption_keys
+
+    vault = SecureVault.new(
+      name: "Test Vault",
+      secret_key: "super-secret-123",
+      api_token: "sk-1234567890"
+    )
+    vault.save
+
+    # Test ConcealedString behavior
+    assert_instance_of Familia::Features::EncryptedFields::ConcealedString, vault.secret_key
+    assert_equal "[CONCEALED]", vault.secret_key.to_s
+    assert_equal "super-secret-123", vault.secret_key.reveal
+
+    # Test JSON safety
+    json_data = vault.to_json
+    refute_includes json_data, "super-secret-123"
+    assert_includes json_data, "[CONCEALED]"
+  end
+
+  def test_transient_fields_non_persistence
+    form = LoginForm.new(
+      username: "testuser",
+      password: "secret123",
+      csrf_token: "abc123"
+    )
+    form.save
+
+    # Reload and verify transient fields not persisted
+    reloaded = LoginForm.load(form.identifier)
+    assert_equal "testuser", reloaded.username
+    assert_nil reloaded.password
+    assert_nil reloaded.csrf_token
+  end
+
+  def test_object_identifier_generation
+    # Test UUID generation
+    doc = UuidDocument.create(title: "Test Doc")
+    assert_match(/\A[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-4[0-9a-f]{3}-[89ab][0-9a-f]{3}-[0-9a-f]{12}\z/i, doc.objid)
+
+    # Test hex generation
+    session = HexSession.create(user_id: "123")
+    assert_match(/\A[0-9a-f]+\z/i, session.objid)
+    assert_equal 16, session.objid.length
+  end
+
+  def test_quantization_time_bucketing
+    timestamp = Time.parse("2024-12-15 14:37:23")
+    bucket = MetricsBucket.quantize_timestamp(timestamp)
+    assert_equal "20241215_1430", bucket  # 10-minute bucket
+
+    # Test multiple timestamps in same bucket
+    timestamp2 = Time.parse("2024-12-15 14:39:45")
+    bucket2 = MetricsBucket.quantize_timestamp(timestamp2)
+    assert_equal bucket, bucket2
+  end
+
+  def test_external_identifier_mapping
+    user = ExternalUser.new(
+      internal_id: SecureRandom.uuid,
+      external_id: "ext_123456",
+      name: "External User"
+    )
+    user.save
+
+    # Test bidirectional mapping
+    found_by_external = ExternalUser.find_by_external_id("ext_123456")
+    assert_equal user.internal_id, found_by_external.internal_id
+
+    # Test sync status tracking
+    user.mark_sync_pending
+    assert_equal "pending", user.sync_status
+
+    user.mark_sync_completed
+    assert_equal "completed", user.sync_status
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def setup_encryption_keys
+    test_keys = {
+      v1: Base64.strict_encode64('a' * 32),
+      v2: Base64.strict_encode64('b' * 32)
+    }
+    Familia.configure do |config|
+      config.encryption_keys = test_keys
+      config.current_key_version = :v1
+      config.encryption_personalization = 'TestApp-Test'
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+---
+
+## Resources and References
+
+### Key Configuration
+Essential configuration options for Familia v2.0.0-pre.
+
+```ruby
+Familia.configure do |config|
+  # Basic Valkey/Redis connection
+  config.redis_uri = ENV['REDIS_URL'] || 'redis://localhost:6379/0'
+
+  # Connection provider for pooling (optional)
+  config.connection_provider = MyConnectionProvider
+
+  # Encryption configuration (for encrypted_fields feature)
+  config.encryption_keys = {
+    v1: ENV['FAMILIA_ENCRYPTION_KEY_V1'],
+    v2: ENV['FAMILIA_ENCRYPTION_KEY_V2']
+  }
+  config.current_key_version = :v2
+
+  # Debugging and logging
+  config.debug = ENV['FAMILIA_DEBUG'] == 'true'
+  config.enable_database_logging = ENV['FAMILIA_LOG_REDIS'] == 'true'
+end
+```
+
+### Documentation Links
+- [Familia Repository](https://github.com/delano/familia)
+- [Wiki Home](../guides/Home.md)
+- [Feature System Guide](../guides/Feature-System-Guide.md)
+- [Relationships Guide](../guides/Relationships-Guide.md)
+- [Encrypted Fields Overview](../guides/Encrypted-Fields-Overview.md)
+- [Connection Pooling Guide](../guides/Connection-Pooling-Guide.md)
+
+### Version Information
+- **Current Version**: v2.0.0.pre6 (as of version.rb)
+- **Target Version**: v2.0.0.pre7 (relationships release)
+- **Ruby Compatibility**: 3.0+ (3.4+ recommended for optimal threading)
+- **Redis Compatibility**: 6.0+ (Valkey compatible)
+
+This technical reference covers the major components and usage patterns available in Familia v2.0.0-pre series. For complete API documentation, see the generated YARD docs and wiki guides.