fablicop 1.10.2 → 1.10.3

data/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.0.6/lib/active_support/core_ext/kernel/concern.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/concerning"
+
+module Kernel
+  module_function
+
+  # A shortcut to define a toplevel concern, not within a module.
+  #
+  # See Module::Concerning for more.
+  def concern(topic, &module_definition)
+    Object.concern topic, &module_definition
+  end
+end

data/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.0.6/lib/active_support/core_ext/kernel/reporting.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Kernel
+  module_function
+
+  # Sets $VERBOSE to +nil+ for the duration of the block and back to its original
+  # value afterwards.
+  #
+  #   silence_warnings do
+  #     value = noisy_call # no warning voiced
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   noisy_call # warning voiced
+  def silence_warnings(&block)
+    with_warnings(nil, &block)
+  end
+
+  # Sets $VERBOSE to +true+ for the duration of the block and back to its
+  # original value afterwards.
+  def enable_warnings(&block)
+    with_warnings(true, &block)
+  end
+
+  # Sets $VERBOSE for the duration of the block and back to its original
+  # value afterwards.
+  def with_warnings(flag)
+    old_verbose, $VERBOSE = $VERBOSE, flag
+    yield
+  ensure
+    $VERBOSE = old_verbose
+  end
+
+  # Blocks and ignores any exception passed as argument if raised within the block.
+  #
+  #   suppress(ZeroDivisionError) do
+  #     1/0
+  #     puts 'This code is NOT reached'
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   puts 'This code gets executed and nothing related to ZeroDivisionError was seen'
+  def suppress(*exception_classes)
+    yield
+  rescue *exception_classes
+  end
+end

data/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.0.6/lib/active_support/core_ext/kernel/singleton_class.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Kernel
+  # class_eval on an object acts like +singleton_class.class_eval+.
+  def class_eval(*args, &block)
+    singleton_class.class_eval(*args, &block)
+  end
+end

data/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.0.6/lib/active_support/core_ext/kernel.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "active_support/core_ext/kernel/concern"
+require "active_support/core_ext/kernel/reporting"
+require "active_support/core_ext/kernel/singleton_class"

data/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.0.6/lib/active_support/core_ext/load_error.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+class LoadError
+  # Returns true if the given path name (except perhaps for the ".rb"
+  # extension) is the missing file which caused the exception to be raised.
+  def is_missing?(location)
+    location.delete_suffix(".rb") == path.to_s.delete_suffix(".rb")
+  end
+end

data/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.0.6/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/aliasing.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+class Module
+  # Allows you to make aliases for attributes, which includes
+  # getter, setter, and a predicate.
+  #
+  #   class Content < ActiveRecord::Base
+  #     # has a title attribute
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   class Email < Content
+  #     alias_attribute :subject, :title
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   e = Email.find(1)
+  #   e.title    # => "Superstars"
+  #   e.subject  # => "Superstars"
+  #   e.subject? # => true
+  #   e.subject = "Megastars"
+  #   e.title    # => "Megastars"
+  def alias_attribute(new_name, old_name)
+    # The following reader methods use an explicit `self` receiver in order to
+    # support aliases that start with an uppercase letter. Otherwise, they would
+    # be resolved as constants instead.
+    module_eval <<-STR, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
+      def #{new_name}; self.#{old_name}; end          # def subject; self.title; end
+      def #{new_name}?; self.#{old_name}?; end        # def subject?; self.title?; end
+      def #{new_name}=(v); self.#{old_name} = v; end  # def subject=(v); self.title = v; end
+    STR
+  end
+end

data/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.0.6/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/anonymous.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+class Module
+  # A module may or may not have a name.
+  #
+  #   module M; end
+  #   M.name # => "M"
+  #
+  #   m = Module.new
+  #   m.name # => nil
+  #
+  # +anonymous?+ method returns true if module does not have a name, false otherwise:
+  #
+  #   Module.new.anonymous? # => true
+  #
+  #   module M; end
+  #   M.anonymous?          # => false
+  #
+  # A module gets a name when it is first assigned to a constant. Either
+  # via the +module+ or +class+ keyword or by an explicit assignment:
+  #
+  #   m = Module.new # creates an anonymous module
+  #   m.anonymous?   # => true
+  #   M = m          # m gets a name here as a side-effect
+  #   m.name         # => "M"
+  #   m.anonymous?   # => false
+  def anonymous?
+    name.nil?
+  end
+end

data/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.0.6/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/attr_internal.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+class Module
+  # Declares an attribute reader backed by an internally-named instance variable.
+  def attr_internal_reader(*attrs)
+    attrs.each { |attr_name| attr_internal_define(attr_name, :reader) }
+  end
+
+  # Declares an attribute writer backed by an internally-named instance variable.
+  def attr_internal_writer(*attrs)
+    attrs.each { |attr_name| attr_internal_define(attr_name, :writer) }
+  end
+
+  # Declares an attribute reader and writer backed by an internally-named instance
+  # variable.
+  def attr_internal_accessor(*attrs)
+    attr_internal_reader(*attrs)
+    attr_internal_writer(*attrs)
+  end
+  alias_method :attr_internal, :attr_internal_accessor
+
+  class << self; attr_accessor :attr_internal_naming_format end
+  self.attr_internal_naming_format = "@_%s"
+
+  private
+    def attr_internal_ivar_name(attr)
+      Module.attr_internal_naming_format % attr
+    end
+
+    def attr_internal_define(attr_name, type)
+      internal_name = attr_internal_ivar_name(attr_name).delete_prefix("@")
+      # use native attr_* methods as they are faster on some Ruby implementations
+      public_send("attr_#{type}", internal_name)
+      attr_name, internal_name = "#{attr_name}=", "#{internal_name}=" if type == :writer
+      alias_method attr_name, internal_name
+      remove_method internal_name
+    end
+end

data/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.0.6/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# == Attribute Accessors
+#
+# Extends the module object with class/module and instance accessors for
+# class/module attributes, just like the native attr* accessors for instance
+# attributes.
+class Module
+  # Defines a class attribute and creates a class and instance reader methods.
+  # The underlying class variable is set to +nil+, if it is not previously
+  # defined. All class and instance methods created will be public, even if
+  # this method is called with a private or protected access modifier.
+  #
+  #   module HairColors
+  #     mattr_reader :hair_colors
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   HairColors.hair_colors # => nil
+  #   HairColors.class_variable_set("@@hair_colors", [:brown, :black])
+  #   HairColors.hair_colors # => [:brown, :black]
+  #
+  # The attribute name must be a valid method name in Ruby.
+  #
+  #   module Foo
+  #     mattr_reader :"1_Badname"
+  #   end
+  #   # => NameError: invalid attribute name: 1_Badname
+  #
+  # To omit the instance reader method, pass
+  # <tt>instance_reader: false</tt> or <tt>instance_accessor: false</tt>.
+  #
+  #   module HairColors
+  #     mattr_reader :hair_colors, instance_reader: false
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   class Person
+  #     include HairColors
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Person.new.hair_colors # => NoMethodError
+  #
+  # You can set a default value for the attribute.
+  #
+  #   module HairColors
+  #     mattr_reader :hair_colors, default: [:brown, :black, :blonde, :red]
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   class Person
+  #     include HairColors
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Person.new.hair_colors # => [:brown, :black, :blonde, :red]
+  def mattr_reader(*syms, instance_reader: true, instance_accessor: true, default: nil, location: nil)
+    raise TypeError, "module attributes should be defined directly on class, not singleton" if singleton_class?
+    location ||= caller_locations(1, 1).first
+
+    definition = []
+    syms.each do |sym|
+      raise NameError.new("invalid attribute name: #{sym}") unless /\A[_A-Za-z]\w*\z/.match?(sym)
+
+      definition << "def self.#{sym}; @@#{sym}; end"
+
+      if instance_reader && instance_accessor
+        definition << "def #{sym}; @@#{sym}; end"
+      end
+
+      sym_default_value = (block_given? && default.nil?) ? yield : default
+      class_variable_set("@@#{sym}", sym_default_value) unless sym_default_value.nil? && class_variable_defined?("@@#{sym}")
+    end
+
+    module_eval(definition.join(";"), location.path, location.lineno)
+  end
+  alias :cattr_reader :mattr_reader
+
+  # Defines a class attribute and creates a class and instance writer methods to
+  # allow assignment to the attribute. All class and instance methods created
+  # will be public, even if this method is called with a private or protected
+  # access modifier.
+  #
+  #   module HairColors
+  #     mattr_writer :hair_colors
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   class Person
+  #     include HairColors
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   HairColors.hair_colors = [:brown, :black]
+  #   Person.class_variable_get("@@hair_colors") # => [:brown, :black]
+  #   Person.new.hair_colors = [:blonde, :red]
+  #   HairColors.class_variable_get("@@hair_colors") # => [:blonde, :red]
+  #
+  # To omit the instance writer method, pass
+  # <tt>instance_writer: false</tt> or <tt>instance_accessor: false</tt>.
+  #
+  #   module HairColors
+  #     mattr_writer :hair_colors, instance_writer: false
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   class Person
+  #     include HairColors
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Person.new.hair_colors = [:blonde, :red] # => NoMethodError
+  #
+  # You can set a default value for the attribute.
+  #
+  #   module HairColors
+  #     mattr_writer :hair_colors, default: [:brown, :black, :blonde, :red]
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   class Person
+  #     include HairColors
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Person.class_variable_get("@@hair_colors") # => [:brown, :black, :blonde, :red]
+  def mattr_writer(*syms, instance_writer: true, instance_accessor: true, default: nil, location: nil)
+    raise TypeError, "module attributes should be defined directly on class, not singleton" if singleton_class?
+    location ||= caller_locations(1, 1).first
+
+    definition = []
+    syms.each do |sym|
+      raise NameError.new("invalid attribute name: #{sym}") unless /\A[_A-Za-z]\w*\z/.match?(sym)
+      definition << "def self.#{sym}=(val); @@#{sym} = val; end"
+
+      if instance_writer && instance_accessor
+        definition << "def #{sym}=(val); @@#{sym} = val; end"
+      end
+
+      sym_default_value = (block_given? && default.nil?) ? yield : default
+      class_variable_set("@@#{sym}", sym_default_value) unless sym_default_value.nil? && class_variable_defined?("@@#{sym}")
+    end
+
+    module_eval(definition.join(";"), location.path, location.lineno)
+  end
+  alias :cattr_writer :mattr_writer
+
+  # Defines both class and instance accessors for class attributes.
+  # All class and instance methods created will be public, even if
+  # this method is called with a private or protected access modifier.
+  #
+  #   module HairColors
+  #     mattr_accessor :hair_colors
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   class Person
+  #     include HairColors
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   HairColors.hair_colors = [:brown, :black, :blonde, :red]
+  #   HairColors.hair_colors # => [:brown, :black, :blonde, :red]
+  #   Person.new.hair_colors # => [:brown, :black, :blonde, :red]
+  #
+  # If a subclass changes the value then that would also change the value for
+  # parent class. Similarly if parent class changes the value then that would
+  # change the value of subclasses too.
+  #
+  #   class Citizen < Person
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Citizen.new.hair_colors << :blue
+  #   Person.new.hair_colors # => [:brown, :black, :blonde, :red, :blue]
+  #
+  # To omit the instance writer method, pass <tt>instance_writer: false</tt>.
+  # To omit the instance reader method, pass <tt>instance_reader: false</tt>.
+  #
+  #   module HairColors
+  #     mattr_accessor :hair_colors, instance_writer: false, instance_reader: false
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   class Person
+  #     include HairColors
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Person.new.hair_colors = [:brown]  # => NoMethodError
+  #   Person.new.hair_colors             # => NoMethodError
+  #
+  # Or pass <tt>instance_accessor: false</tt>, to omit both instance methods.
+  #
+  #   module HairColors
+  #     mattr_accessor :hair_colors, instance_accessor: false
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   class Person
+  #     include HairColors
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Person.new.hair_colors = [:brown]  # => NoMethodError
+  #   Person.new.hair_colors             # => NoMethodError
+  #
+  # You can set a default value for the attribute.
+  #
+  #   module HairColors
+  #     mattr_accessor :hair_colors, default: [:brown, :black, :blonde, :red]
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   class Person
+  #     include HairColors
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Person.class_variable_get("@@hair_colors") # => [:brown, :black, :blonde, :red]
+  def mattr_accessor(*syms, instance_reader: true, instance_writer: true, instance_accessor: true, default: nil, &blk)
+    location = caller_locations(1, 1).first
+    mattr_reader(*syms, instance_reader: instance_reader, instance_accessor: instance_accessor, default: default, location: location, &blk)
+    mattr_writer(*syms, instance_writer: instance_writer, instance_accessor: instance_accessor, default: default, location: location)
+  end
+  alias :cattr_accessor :mattr_accessor
+end

data/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.0.6/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors_per_thread.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# == Attribute Accessors per Thread
+#
+# Extends the module object with class/module and instance accessors for
+# class/module attributes, just like the native attr* accessors for instance
+# attributes, but does so on a per-thread basis.
+#
+# So the values are scoped within the Thread.current space under the class name
+# of the module.
+#
+# Note that it can also be scoped per-fiber if +Rails.application.config.active_support.isolation_level+
+# is set to +:fiber+.
+class Module
+  # Defines a per-thread class attribute and creates class and instance reader methods.
+  # The underlying per-thread class variable is set to +nil+, if it is not previously defined.
+  #
+  #   module Current
+  #     thread_mattr_reader :user
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Current.user = "DHH"
+  #   Current.user # => "DHH"
+  #   Thread.new { Current.user }.value # => nil
+  #
+  # The attribute name must be a valid method name in Ruby.
+  #
+  #   module Foo
+  #     thread_mattr_reader :"1_Badname"
+  #   end
+  #   # => NameError: invalid attribute name: 1_Badname
+  #
+  # To omit the instance reader method, pass
+  # <tt>instance_reader: false</tt> or <tt>instance_accessor: false</tt>.
+  #
+  #   class Current
+  #     thread_mattr_reader :user, instance_reader: false
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Current.new.user # => NoMethodError
+  def thread_mattr_reader(*syms, instance_reader: true, instance_accessor: true, default: nil) # :nodoc:
+    syms.each do |sym|
+      raise NameError.new("invalid attribute name: #{sym}") unless /^[_A-Za-z]\w*$/.match?(sym)
+
+      # The following generated method concatenates `name` because we want it
+      # to work with inheritance via polymorphism.
+      class_eval(<<-EOS, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)
+        def self.#{sym}
+          @__thread_mattr_#{sym} ||= "attr_\#{name}_#{sym}"
+          ::ActiveSupport::IsolatedExecutionState[@__thread_mattr_#{sym}]
+        end
+      EOS
+
+      if instance_reader && instance_accessor
+        class_eval(<<-EOS, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)
+          def #{sym}
+            self.class.#{sym}
+          end
+        EOS
+      end
+
+      ::ActiveSupport::IsolatedExecutionState["attr_#{name}_#{sym}"] = default unless default.nil?
+    end
+  end
+  alias :thread_cattr_reader :thread_mattr_reader
+
+  # Defines a per-thread class attribute and creates a class and instance writer methods to
+  # allow assignment to the attribute.
+  #
+  #   module Current
+  #     thread_mattr_writer :user
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Current.user = "DHH"
+  #   Thread.current[:attr_Current_user] # => "DHH"
+  #
+  # To omit the instance writer method, pass
+  # <tt>instance_writer: false</tt> or <tt>instance_accessor: false</tt>.
+  #
+  #   class Current
+  #     thread_mattr_writer :user, instance_writer: false
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Current.new.user = "DHH" # => NoMethodError
+  def thread_mattr_writer(*syms, instance_writer: true, instance_accessor: true, default: nil) # :nodoc:
+    syms.each do |sym|
+      raise NameError.new("invalid attribute name: #{sym}") unless /^[_A-Za-z]\w*$/.match?(sym)
+
+      # The following generated method concatenates `name` because we want it
+      # to work with inheritance via polymorphism.
+      class_eval(<<-EOS, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)
+        def self.#{sym}=(obj)
+          @__thread_mattr_#{sym} ||= "attr_\#{name}_#{sym}"
+          ::ActiveSupport::IsolatedExecutionState[@__thread_mattr_#{sym}] = obj
+        end
+      EOS
+
+      if instance_writer && instance_accessor
+        class_eval(<<-EOS, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)
+          def #{sym}=(obj)
+            self.class.#{sym} = obj
+          end
+        EOS
+      end
+
+      public_send("#{sym}=", default) unless default.nil?
+    end
+  end
+  alias :thread_cattr_writer :thread_mattr_writer
+
+  # Defines both class and instance accessors for class attributes.
+  #
+  #   class Account
+  #     thread_mattr_accessor :user
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Account.user = "DHH"
+  #   Account.user     # => "DHH"
+  #   Account.new.user # => "DHH"
+  #
+  # Unlike +mattr_accessor+, values are *not* shared with subclasses or parent classes.
+  # If a subclass changes the value, the parent class' value is not changed.
+  # If the parent class changes the value, the value of subclasses is not changed.
+  #
+  #   class Customer < Account
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Account.user   # => "DHH"
+  #   Customer.user  # => nil
+  #   Customer.user  = "Rafael"
+  #   Customer.user  # => "Rafael"
+  #   Account.user   # => "DHH"
+  #
+  # To omit the instance writer method, pass <tt>instance_writer: false</tt>.
+  # To omit the instance reader method, pass <tt>instance_reader: false</tt>.
+  #
+  #   class Current
+  #     thread_mattr_accessor :user, instance_writer: false, instance_reader: false
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Current.new.user = "DHH"  # => NoMethodError
+  #   Current.new.user          # => NoMethodError
+  #
+  # Or pass <tt>instance_accessor: false</tt>, to omit both instance methods.
+  #
+  #   class Current
+  #     thread_mattr_accessor :user, instance_accessor: false
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Current.new.user = "DHH"  # => NoMethodError
+  #   Current.new.user          # => NoMethodError
+  def thread_mattr_accessor(*syms, instance_reader: true, instance_writer: true, instance_accessor: true, default: nil)
+    thread_mattr_reader(*syms, instance_reader: instance_reader, instance_accessor: instance_accessor, default: default)
+    thread_mattr_writer(*syms, instance_writer: instance_writer, instance_accessor: instance_accessor)
+  end
+  alias :thread_cattr_accessor :thread_mattr_accessor
+end

data/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.0.6/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/concerning.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "active_support/concern"
+
+class Module
+  # = Bite-sized separation of concerns
+  #
+  # We often find ourselves with a medium-sized chunk of behavior that we'd
+  # like to extract, but only mix in to a single class.
+  #
+  # Extracting a plain old Ruby object to encapsulate it and collaborate or
+  # delegate to the original object is often a good choice, but when there's
+  # no additional state to encapsulate or we're making DSL-style declarations
+  # about the parent class, introducing new collaborators can obfuscate rather
+  # than simplify.
+  #
+  # The typical route is to just dump everything in a monolithic class, perhaps
+  # with a comment, as a least-bad alternative. Using modules in separate files
+  # means tedious sifting to get a big-picture view.
+  #
+  # = Dissatisfying ways to separate small concerns
+  #
+  # == Using comments:
+  #
+  #   class Todo < ApplicationRecord
+  #     # Other todo implementation
+  #     # ...
+  #
+  #     ## Event tracking
+  #     has_many :events
+  #
+  #     before_create :track_creation
+  #
+  #     private
+  #       def track_creation
+  #         # ...
+  #       end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # == With an inline module:
+  #
+  # Noisy syntax.
+  #
+  #   class Todo < ApplicationRecord
+  #     # Other todo implementation
+  #     # ...
+  #
+  #     module EventTracking
+  #       extend ActiveSupport::Concern
+  #
+  #       included do
+  #         has_many :events
+  #         before_create :track_creation
+  #       end
+  #
+  #       private
+  #         def track_creation
+  #           # ...
+  #         end
+  #     end
+  #     include EventTracking
+  #   end
+  #
+  # == Mix-in noise exiled to its own file:
+  #
+  # Once our chunk of behavior starts pushing the scroll-to-understand-it
+  # boundary, we give in and move it to a separate file. At this size, the
+  # increased overhead can be a reasonable tradeoff even if it reduces our
+  # at-a-glance perception of how things work.
+  #
+  #   class Todo < ApplicationRecord
+  #     # Other todo implementation
+  #     # ...
+  #
+  #     include TodoEventTracking
+  #   end
+  #
+  # = Introducing Module#concerning
+  #
+  # By quieting the mix-in noise, we arrive at a natural, low-ceremony way to
+  # separate bite-sized concerns.
+  #
+  #   class Todo < ApplicationRecord
+  #     # Other todo implementation
+  #     # ...
+  #
+  #     concerning :EventTracking do
+  #       included do
+  #         has_many :events
+  #         before_create :track_creation
+  #       end
+  #
+  #       private
+  #         def track_creation
+  #           # ...
+  #         end
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Todo.ancestors
+  #   # => [Todo, Todo::EventTracking, ApplicationRecord, Object]
+  #
+  # This small step has some wonderful ripple effects. We can
+  # * grok the behavior of our class in one glance,
+  # * clean up monolithic junk-drawer classes by separating their concerns, and
+  # * stop leaning on protected/private for crude "this is internal stuff" modularity.
+  #
+  # === Prepending concerning
+  #
+  # <tt>concerning</tt> supports a <tt>prepend: true</tt> argument which will <tt>prepend</tt> the
+  # concern instead of using <tt>include</tt> for it.
+  module Concerning
+    # Define a new concern and mix it in.
+    def concerning(topic, prepend: false, &block)
+      method = prepend ? :prepend : :include
+      __send__(method, concern(topic, &block))
+    end
+
+    # A low-cruft shortcut to define a concern.
+    #
+    #   concern :EventTracking do
+    #     ...
+    #   end
+    #
+    # is equivalent to
+    #
+    #   module EventTracking
+    #     extend ActiveSupport::Concern
+    #
+    #     ...
+    #   end
+    def concern(topic, &module_definition)
+      const_set topic, Module.new {
+        extend ::ActiveSupport::Concern
+        module_eval(&module_definition)
+      }
+    end
+  end
+  include Concerning
+end