exwiw 0.2.4 → 0.2.6

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data/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -2,6 +2,19 @@
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+## [0.2.6] - 2026-05-29
+
+### Added
+
+- `schema:generate` now supports Rails multiple-database setups (`connects_to`). Models are bucketed by their database (`connection_db_config.name`, e.g. `primary` / `analytics`) and each database's config files are written into its own subdirectory under `OUTPUT_DIR_PATH` (`exwiw/primary/`, `exwiw/analytics/`, ...). Rails-managed tables (`schema_migrations` / `ar_internal_metadata`) are emitted under whichever database actually owns them. Single-database apps are unaffected and still write flat into the output directory. This replaces the previous behavior of raising `MultipleDatabasesNotSupportedError`.
+
+## [0.2.5] - 2026-05-29
+
+### Added
+
+- `schema:generate` now auto-emits config entries for Rails-managed tables (`schema_migrations` and `ar_internal_metadata`), tagged `type: "rails_managed_schema_migrations"` / `"rails_managed_internal_metadata"`. Extraction uses `SELECT *`, INSERT omits the column list, and DELETE is not generated. Defining `primary_key`, `columns`, or `belongs_tos` on such an entry is rejected at load time, and these tables cannot be used as `--target-table`.
+- Added optional `type` and `comment` fields to `TableConfig`. `primary_key` is now optional in JSON (still required for non-rails-managed tables, enforced at load time).
+
 ## [0.2.4] - 2026-05-28
 
 ### Added

data/README.md

@@ -128,6 +128,22 @@ By default, the schema files will be saved in the `exwiw` directory. You can spe
 OUTPUT_DIR_PATH=custom_directory bundle exec rake exwiw:schema:generate
 ```
 
+#### Multiple databases
+
+If the application uses Rails' multiple-database support (`connects_to`), `schema:generate` buckets models by the database they connect to and writes each database's config files into its own subdirectory of the output directory, named after the database config name (`primary`, `analytics`, ...):
+
+```
+exwiw/
+  primary/
+    shops.json
+    users.json
+    schema_migrations.json
+  analytics/
+    analytics_events.json
+```
+
+Rails-managed tables (`schema_migrations` / `ar_internal_metadata`) are emitted under whichever database actually contains them. Single-database applications are unaffected and continue to write files flat into the output directory.
+
 ### Configuration
 
 This is an example of the one table schema:
@@ -221,6 +237,37 @@ Constraints:
 - Specifying a skipped table as `--target-table` raises `ArgumentError`.
 - `skip: true` is preserved by `exwiw:schema:generate` regenerations (the receiver value wins over the auto-generated config).
 
+### Rails-managed tables (special `type` values)
+
+Some tables are owned by Rails itself rather than the application — they have no ActiveRecord model and Rails reserves the right to evolve their column shape between versions (e.g. `schema_migrations`, `ar_internal_metadata`). exwiw treats them as a distinct category via the `type` field on a table config:
+
+- `type: "rails_managed_schema_migrations"` — Rails' migration history table (`ActiveRecord::Base.schema_migrations_table_name`).
+- `type: "rails_managed_internal_metadata"` — Rails' internal metadata table (`ActiveRecord::Base.internal_metadata_table_name`).
+
+`exwiw:schema:generate` emits these entries automatically when the corresponding tables exist on the connection — they are NOT pulled from `ActiveRecord::Base.descendants` because they have no model class.
+
+A rails-managed entry has a minimal shape (no `primary_key`, no `belongs_tos`, no `columns`):
+
+```json
+{
+  "name": "schema_migrations",
+  "type": "rails_managed_schema_migrations",
+  "comment": "Managed internally by Rails. Tracks applied schema migrations."
+}
+```
+
+Behavior at dump time:
+
+- Extraction uses `SELECT *` so the dump is robust against Rails-side column additions.
+- `INSERT` statements omit the column list (`INSERT INTO schema_migrations VALUES (...)`). For PostgreSQL `--output-format=copy`, the `COPY` header similarly omits the column list (`COPY schema_migrations FROM stdin;`).
+- No `delete-*.sql` file is generated for rails-managed tables, to avoid wiping migration history on the import target.
+
+Constraints:
+
+- Defining `primary_key`, `columns`, or `belongs_tos` on a rails-managed entry is rejected with `ArgumentError` on load.
+- A rails-managed table cannot be used as `--target-table`.
+- In multi-database setups, the rails-managed entry is emitted under whichever database's connection actually contains the table (see [Multiple databases](#multiple-databases)). The table name itself is still derived from the global `ActiveRecord::Base.schema_migrations_table_name` / `internal_metadata_table_name` (prefix/suffix) accessors.
+
 ### Bulk insert chunk size
 
 `bulk_insert_chunk_size` splits the generated `INSERT` statement into multiple statements, each containing at most the specified number of rows. This is useful when the number of records per table is large enough to hit limits like MySQL's `max_allowed_packet`.

data/docs/plans/2026-05-29-rails-managed-tables.md

@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+# Plan: `schema:generate` で Rails 管理テーブル（`schema_migrations` / `ar_internal_metadata`）を出力する
+
+## Context（背景）
+
+`Exwiw::SchemaGenerator` は現状 `ActiveRecord::Base.descendants` を辿って dumpable なテーブルを列挙している。`schema_migrations` や `ar_internal_metadata` のような Rails が内部で管理するテーブルは **AR モデルが存在しない** ため、生成される config に出てこず、結果として dump 出力にも含まれない。マイグレーション履歴や Rails のメタ情報を含めたい利用者は JSON を手書きする必要がある。
+
+本変更では、Rails の標準アクセサ（`ActiveRecord::Base.schema_migrations_table_name` と `ActiveRecord::Base.internal_metadata_table_name`）からテーブル名を取得して、それぞれ `schema_migrations.json` / `ar_internal_metadata.json` を自動生成する。新しい `type` フィールドに `rails_managed_schema_migrations` / `rails_managed_internal_metadata` を付与し、この **type フィールドを唯一のトリガ**として `SELECT *` 形式の extract を行う。利用者はこれらのエントリに対して `columns` / `belongs_tos` / `primary_key` を定義できず、generator とロード時バリデーションでそれを保証する。
+
+## Decisions（設計判断）
+
+- **取得経路**：
+  - `schema_migrations` → `ActiveRecord::Base.schema_migrations_table_name`（= `config.active_record.schema_migrations_table_name`）
+  - `ar_internal_metadata` → `ActiveRecord::Base.internal_metadata_table_name`
+  - どちらも Rails 6.1〜8.x で安定。
+- **`type` と `comment` は `TableConfig` の汎用 optional フィールド**として追加する。
+- **`type` の値は rails_managed_xxx 系で 2 種類**：
+  - `rails_managed_schema_migrations`
+  - `rails_managed_internal_metadata`
+  両者の挙動は同じだが、テーブルの役割が違うので type 値を分け、`TableConfig#rails_managed?` ヘルパで一括判定する。
+- **rails_managed_xxx を唯一のトリガ**として以下を発行する：
+  - extract 時は `SELECT *`（カラム列挙なし）
+  - insert 時は `INSERT INTO <t> VALUES ...`（カラム列挙なし）
+  - DELETE は生成しない
+  通常テーブルで `columns: []` でも `SELECT *` にはしない（既存挙動を維持）。
+- **rails_managed_xxx のときは `columns` / `belongs_tos` / `primary_key` を定義できない**。`TableConfig` ロード時に `ArgumentError` を上げる。
+- **rails_managed_xxx の JSON 出力では `columns` / `belongs_tos` / `primary_key` フィールドを出さない**。
+  - `primary_key` は optional 化することで `skip_serializing_if_nil` が効く → 自動的に消える。
+  - `belongs_tos` / `columns` は required な配列なので Serdes 標準では空配列が出てしまう。`TableConfig#to_hash` を override して `rails_managed?` のときだけ両キーを strip する。ラウンドトリップのため属性宣言に `default: []` を付け、欠落 JSON も `[]` でロードできるようにする。
+- **`primary_key` を optional 化**する（rails_managed_xxx で省略可）。非 rails_managed では presence をロード時にバリデーション（既存挙動を壊さない）。
+- **`merge` の所有関係**: `type` は generator 由来。`comment` は receiver 由来（`filter` と対称）。
+
+## Critical files（主に変更するファイル）
+
+| File | 変更内容 |
+|---|---|
+| `lib/exwiw/table_config.rb` | `type` / `comment` 属性追加、`primary_key` を optional 化、`rails_managed?` 追加、ロード時バリデーション、`merge` 更新 |
+| `lib/exwiw/schema_generator.rb` | descendants ループの後に rails-managed エントリ群を append |
+| `lib/exwiw/query_ast.rb` | `QueryAst::Select` に `select_all` モードを追加 |
+| `lib/exwiw/query_ast_builder.rb` | rails-managed テーブルを `select_all` モードに振り分け |
+| `lib/exwiw/runner.rb` | `table.rails_managed?` のとき DELETE 生成をスキップ |
+| `lib/exwiw/adapter/mysql2_adapter.rb` | `compile_ast` が `select_all` を尊重、`to_bulk_insert` は `table.rails_managed?` で分岐 |
+| `lib/exwiw/adapter/postgresql_adapter.rb` | 同上 |
+| `lib/exwiw/adapter/sqlite3_adapter.rb` | 同上 |
+| `spec/schema_generator_spec.rb` | スナップショット列挙に 2 つ追加 |
+| `spec/schema_output_snapshots/schema_migrations.json` | 新規 |
+| `spec/schema_output_snapshots/ar_internal_metadata.json` | 新規 |
+| `spec/table_config_spec.rb` | `type` / `comment` / `primary_key` optional / merge / バリデーションをカバー |
+| `CHANGELOG.md` | Unreleased エントリ |
+
+## Implementation（実装方針）
+
+### 1. `lib/exwiw/table_config.rb`
+
+属性宣言を更新。`primary_key` を optional 化し、`type` / `comment` を追加。`belongs_tos` / `columns` には `default: []` を付与してラウンドトリップを担保：
+
+```ruby
+attribute :name, String
+attribute :primary_key, optional(String), skip_serializing_if_nil: true  # ← optional化
+attribute :type, optional(String), skip_serializing_if_nil: true          # 新規
+attribute :comment, optional(String), skip_serializing_if_nil: true       # 新規
+attribute :filter, optional(String), skip_serializing_if_nil: true
+attribute :belongs_tos, array(BelongsTo), default: []                      # ← default追加
+attribute :columns, array(TableColumn), default: []                        # ← default追加
+attribute :bulk_insert_chunk_size, optional(Integer), skip_serializing_if_nil: true
+attribute :skip, Serdes::OptionalType.new(Serdes::ConcreteType.new(Boolean)), skip_serializing_if_nil: true
+```
+
+`to_hash` を override して、rails_managed のときは `belongs_tos` / `columns` を JSON 出力から取り除く（`primary_key` は optional 化により自動で省略される）：
+
+```ruby
+def to_hash
+  hash = super
+  if rails_managed?
+    hash.delete("belongs_tos")
+    hash.delete("columns")
+  end
+  hash
+end
+```
+
+定数と判定ヘルパ：
+
+```ruby
+RAILS_MANAGED_SCHEMA_MIGRATIONS = "rails_managed_schema_migrations"
+RAILS_MANAGED_INTERNAL_METADATA = "rails_managed_internal_metadata"
+RAILS_MANAGED_TYPES = [
+  RAILS_MANAGED_SCHEMA_MIGRATIONS,
+  RAILS_MANAGED_INTERNAL_METADATA,
+].freeze
+
+def rails_managed?
+  RAILS_MANAGED_TYPES.include?(type)
+end
+```
+
+ロード時バリデーション。`from` を override して全構築経路を通す：
+
+```ruby
+def self.from(hash)
+  config = super
+  config.send(:validate_after_load!)
+  config
+end
+
+private def validate_after_load!
+  if rails_managed?
+    raise ArgumentError, "Table '#{name}' has type=#{type}; primary_key must not be defined." if primary_key
+    raise ArgumentError, "Table '#{name}' has type=#{type}; belongs_tos must not be defined." if !belongs_tos.empty?
+    raise ArgumentError, "Table '#{name}' has type=#{type}; columns must not be defined." if !columns.empty?
+  else
+    raise ArgumentError, "Table '#{name}' requires primary_key." if primary_key.nil?
+  end
+end
+```
+
+`merge`（lines 70–94）を更新：
+- `merged_table.type = passed_table.type`（generator 由来）
+- `merged_table.comment = comment`（receiver 由来、`filter` と対称）
+
+`build_extract_query`（lines 27–68）はそのまま放置（dead code、別件で削除）。
+
+### 2. `lib/exwiw/schema_generator.rb`
+
+ヘルパーを切り出して `build_tables` で concat：
+
+```ruby
+def build_tables
+  models = concrete_models
+  validate_single_database!(models)
+
+  tables_from_models = models.group_by(&:table_name).map do |table_name, model_group|
+    representative = model_group.first
+    TableConfig.from_symbol_keys(
+      name: table_name,
+      primary_key: representative.primary_key,
+      belongs_tos: aggregate_belongs_tos(model_group),
+      columns: representative.column_names.map { |name| { name: name } },
+    )
+  end
+
+  tables_from_models + build_rails_managed_tables
+end
+
+private def build_rails_managed_tables
+  conn = ActiveRecord::Base.connection
+  result = []
+
+  schema_migrations_name = ActiveRecord::Base.schema_migrations_table_name
+  if conn.table_exists?(schema_migrations_name)
+    result << TableConfig.from_symbol_keys(
+      name: schema_migrations_name,
+      type: TableConfig::RAILS_MANAGED_SCHEMA_MIGRATIONS,
+      comment: "Managed internally by Rails. Tracks applied schema migrations.",
+      belongs_tos: [],
+      columns: [],
+    )
+  end
+
+  internal_metadata_name = ActiveRecord::Base.internal_metadata_table_name
+  if conn.table_exists?(internal_metadata_name)
+    result << TableConfig.from_symbol_keys(
+      name: internal_metadata_name,
+      type: TableConfig::RAILS_MANAGED_INTERNAL_METADATA,
+      comment: "Managed internally by Rails. Stores environment and schema metadata.",
+      belongs_tos: [],
+      columns: [],
+    )
+  end
+
+  result
+end
+```
+
+メモ：
+- `table_exists?` で防御。マイグレーションを無効化したアプリでも壊れない。
+- `primary_key` は省略（rails_managed_xxx の規約）。
+- belongs_tos / columns は明示的に `[]` を渡す（Serdes の required な配列属性なので）。
+
+### 3. `lib/exwiw/query_ast.rb`
+
+`QueryAst::Select` に `select_all` フラグを追加：
+
+```ruby
+class Select
+  attr_reader :from_table_name, :columns, :where_clauses, :join_clauses, :select_all
+
+  def initialize
+    @from_table_name = nil
+    @columns = []
+    @where_clauses = []
+    @join_clauses = []
+    @select_all = false
+  end
+
+  def select_all!
+    @select_all = true
+  end
+  # ... 他のメソッドはそのまま ...
+end
+```
+
+opt-in なフラグ。default false なので既存挙動には影響しない。
+
+### 4. `lib/exwiw/query_ast_builder.rb`
+
+line 24–29 で rails-managed テーブルのときにフラグを立てる：
+
+```ruby
+QueryAst::Select.new.tap do |ast|
+  ast.from(table.name)
+  if table.rails_managed?
+    ast.select_all!
+  else
+    ast.select(table.columns)
+  end
+  join_clauses.each { |join_clause| ast.join(join_clause) }
+  where_clauses.each { |where_clause| ast.where(where_clause) }
+end
+```
+
+rails-managed テーブルは `belongs_tos` が空なので、`build_where_clauses` も `build_join_clauses` も自然に空配列を返す。`build_where_clauses` の `table.primary_key` 参照（line 80）は `table.name == dump_target.table_name` のときだけ動くが、rails-managed テーブルは dump_target にできない（後述の防御）。
+
+### 5. `lib/exwiw/runner.rb`
+
+DELETE 生成をスキップ（line 97）：
+
+```ruby
+if adapter.supports_bulk_delete? && !@insert_only && !table.rails_managed?
+  # ... 既存の DELETE ブロック ...
+end
+```
+
+`validate_skipped`（line 132）と `dumpable?` フィルタ（line 41）は変更不要。rails-managed テーブルは `belongs_tos` が空で、何にも参照されないし、`ordered_tables` に残しておかないと `dump_schema` で DDL が出力されないため。
+
+`@dump_target` の防御として、line 149 付近の `skip` チェックと同様に rails-managed テーブルを target に指定された場合のチェックを追加：
+
+```ruby
+if @dump_target.table_name && (target = configs.find { |c| c.name == @dump_target.table_name }) && target.rails_managed?
+  raise ArgumentError,
+        "--target-table '#{@dump_target.table_name}' is a Rails-managed table and cannot be used as a dump target."
+end
+```
+
+### 6. Adapter 変更（mysql2 / postgresql / sqlite3）
+
+3 つの SQL アダプタで同じパターン。
+
+**`compile_ast`** — SELECT のカラムリスト部分（mysql2:144, postgresql:181, sqlite3:131）：
+
+```ruby
+sql += if query_ast.select_all
+         "*"
+       else
+         query_ast.columns.map { |col| compile_column_name(query_ast, col) }.join(', ')
+       end
+```
+
+**`to_bulk_insert`** — カラム名 join 部分（mysql2:90, postgresql:87/92, sqlite3:77）。`table.rails_managed?` で分岐：
+
+```ruby
+if table.rails_managed?
+  "INSERT INTO #{table_name} VALUES\n#{values};"
+else
+  column_names = table.columns.map(&:name).join(', ')
+  "INSERT INTO #{table_name} (#{column_names}) VALUES\n#{values};"
+end
+```
+
+`to_bulk_delete` は Runner 側でガードしているので rails-managed では到達しない。変更不要。
+
+PostgreSQL の `post_insert_sql`（postgresql_adapter.rb:114–129）は安全。`pg_get_serial_sequence` の引数に渡しても nil を返して no-op。
+
+### 7. Tests
+
+**`spec/schema_output_snapshots/schema_migrations.json`**（新規）：
+
+```json
+{
+  "name": "schema_migrations",
+  "type": "rails_managed_schema_migrations",
+  "comment": "Managed internally by Rails. Tracks applied schema migrations."
+}
+```
+
+**`spec/schema_output_snapshots/ar_internal_metadata.json`**（新規）：
+
+```json
+{
+  "name": "ar_internal_metadata",
+  "type": "rails_managed_internal_metadata",
+  "comment": "Managed internally by Rails. Stores environment and schema metadata."
+}
+```
+
+`primary_key` / `belongs_tos` / `columns` キーは JSON から完全に省略される。
+
+key の順序は `TableConfig` の attribute 宣言順に揃える（`spec/schema_generator_spec.rb:223` の snapshot 一致テストで落ちないように）。
+
+**`spec/schema_generator_spec.rb`** — line 188–191 の `contain_exactly` に `"schema_migrations.json"` と `"ar_internal_metadata.json"` を追加。line 211–225 の snapshot テストは新 fixture を自動的に拾う。
+
+**`spec/table_config_spec.rb`** — 以下を追加：
+- merge が user 設定の `comment` を保持する
+- merge が `type` を常に generator 値で上書きする
+- `type: rails_managed_*` で `columns` 非空のロード → `ArgumentError`
+- `type: rails_managed_*` で `belongs_tos` 非空のロード → `ArgumentError`
+- `type: rails_managed_*` で `primary_key` 指定あり → `ArgumentError`
+- 非 rails_managed で `primary_key` 欠落 → `ArgumentError`（既存挙動の維持確認）
+- rails_managed の `to_hash` 出力に `belongs_tos` / `columns` / `primary_key` キーが含まれないこと
+- rails_managed の JSON（これらキー欠落）が round-trip でロードできること
+
+**Adapter / query specs** — rails-managed 経路：
+- `query_ast.select_all` true → `SELECT *`
+- `table.rails_managed?` true → `INSERT INTO t VALUES (...)`（カラムリストなし）
+- **通常テーブル**で `columns: []` のとき `SELECT *` には**ならない**（negative test）
+
+### 8. `CHANGELOG.md`
+
+Unreleased エントリ：
+
+```
+- schema:generate が Rails 管理テーブル（`schema_migrations` と `ar_internal_metadata`）の config を自動生成するようになった。それぞれ `type: "rails_managed_schema_migrations"` / `"rails_managed_internal_metadata"` を付与し、extract は `SELECT *`、INSERT はカラムリスト省略、DELETE は生成しない。これらのエントリでは `primary_key` / `columns` / `belongs_tos` を定義するとロード時に拒否される。
+- TableConfig に optional な `type` / `comment` フィールドを追加。`primary_key` を optional に変更（非 rails_managed では依然必須）。
+```
+
+## Verification（確認手順）
+
+1. **Unit spec**: `bundle exec rspec spec/schema_generator_spec.rb spec/table_config_spec.rb spec/query_ast_builder_spec.rb`
+2. **全体テスト**: `bundle exec rspec` — adapter の rails-managed SQL 生成と通常テーブルの挙動非破壊を確認。
+3. **dummy アプリでの end-to-end**:
+   - `cd spec/dummy && bin/rails db:migrate`
+   - リポジトリルートで `rake exwiw:schema:generate OUTPUT_DIR_PATH=tmp/schema`
+   - `tmp/schema/schema_migrations.json` と `tmp/schema/ar_internal_metadata.json` が想定の形（primary_key/columns/belongs_tos なし or 空）で出力されることを確認。
+   - `tmp/schema/schema_migrations.json` に手動で `primary_key` を足して dump 系コマンドを叩くとバリデーションエラーが出ることを確認。
+   - 適当な target テーブル指定で dump を実行：
+     - `insert-NNN-schema_migrations.sql` / `insert-NNN-ar_internal_metadata.sql` が `INSERT INTO t VALUES (...);` 形式（カラムリストなし）になる
+     - 対応する `delete-NNN-*.sql` が生成されないことを確認
+4. **Snapshot diff**: `git diff spec/schema_output_snapshots/` — 新規 2 ファイルのみ差分として出る。
+
+## Out of scope（やらないこと）
+
+- INSERT の重複ハンドリング（`ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING` 等）— 別件。
+- dead code `TableConfig#build_extract_query` の削除 — 別件。
+- アダプタ側の per-table フック（`supports_bulk_delete_for?` 等）— 必要になったら導入。
+- 非 rails_managed テーブルからの `columns: []` / `belongs_tos: []` 省略 — 既存スナップショット（`shops.json` でも `"belongs_tos": []` が出ている）と整合させるため、空配列はそのまま出す。省略は rails_managed のみ。

data/lib/exwiw/adapter/mysql2_adapter.rb

@@ -87,8 +87,12 @@ module Exwiw
         end
         values = value_list.join(",\n")
 
-        column_names = table.columns.map(&:name).join(', ')
-        "INSERT INTO #{table_name} (#{column_names}) VALUES\n#{values};"
+        if table.rails_managed?
+          "INSERT INTO #{table_name} VALUES\n#{values};"
+        else
+          column_names = table.columns.map(&:name).join(', ')
+          "INSERT INTO #{table_name} (#{column_names}) VALUES\n#{values};"
+        end
       end
 
       def to_bulk_delete(select_query_ast, table)
@@ -141,7 +145,11 @@ module Exwiw
         raise NotImplementedError unless query_ast.is_a?(Exwiw::QueryAst::Select)
 
         sql = "SELECT "
-        sql += query_ast.columns.map { |col| compile_column_name(query_ast, col) }.join(', ')
+        sql += if query_ast.select_all
+                 "*"
+               else
+                 query_ast.columns.map { |col| compile_column_name(query_ast, col) }.join(', ')
+               end
         sql += " FROM #{query_ast.from_table_name}"
 
         query_ast.join_clauses.each do |join|

data/lib/exwiw/adapter/postgresql_adapter.rb

@@ -84,13 +84,22 @@ module Exwiw
         end
         values = value_list.join(",\n")
 
-        column_names = table.columns.map(&:name).join(', ')
-        "INSERT INTO #{table_name} (#{column_names}) VALUES\n#{values};"
+        if table.rails_managed?
+          "INSERT INTO #{table_name} VALUES\n#{values};"
+        else
+          column_names = table.columns.map(&:name).join(', ')
+          "INSERT INTO #{table_name} (#{column_names}) VALUES\n#{values};"
+        end
       end
 
       def to_copy_from_stdin(results, table)
-        column_names = table.columns.map(&:name).join(', ')
-        lines = ["COPY #{table.name} (#{column_names}) FROM stdin;"]
+        header = if table.rails_managed?
+                   "COPY #{table.name} FROM stdin;"
+                 else
+                   column_names = table.columns.map(&:name).join(', ')
+                   "COPY #{table.name} (#{column_names}) FROM stdin;"
+                 end
+        lines = [header]
         results.each do |row|
           lines << row.map { |v| escape_copy_value(v) }.join("\t")
         end
@@ -178,7 +187,11 @@ module Exwiw
         raise NotImplementedError unless query_ast.is_a?(Exwiw::QueryAst::Select)
 
         sql = "SELECT "
-        sql += query_ast.columns.map { |col| compile_column_name(query_ast, col) }.join(', ')
+        sql += if query_ast.select_all
+                 "*"
+               else
+                 query_ast.columns.map { |col| compile_column_name(query_ast, col) }.join(', ')
+               end
         sql += " FROM #{query_ast.from_table_name}"
 
         query_ast.join_clauses.each do |join|

data/lib/exwiw/adapter/sqlite3_adapter.rb

@@ -74,8 +74,12 @@ module Exwiw
         end
         values = value_list.join(",\n")
 
-        column_names = table.columns.map(&:name).join(', ')
-        "INSERT INTO #{table_name} (#{column_names}) VALUES\n#{values};"
+        if table.rails_managed?
+          "INSERT INTO #{table_name} VALUES\n#{values};"
+        else
+          column_names = table.columns.map(&:name).join(', ')
+          "INSERT INTO #{table_name} (#{column_names}) VALUES\n#{values};"
+        end
       end
 
       def to_bulk_delete(select_query_ast, table)
@@ -128,7 +132,11 @@ module Exwiw
         raise NotImplementedError unless query_ast.is_a?(Exwiw::QueryAst::Select)
 
         sql = "SELECT "
-        sql += query_ast.columns.map { |col| compile_column_name(query_ast, col) }.join(', ')
+        sql += if query_ast.select_all
+                 "*"
+               else
+                 query_ast.columns.map { |col| compile_column_name(query_ast, col) }.join(', ')
+               end
         sql += " FROM #{query_ast.from_table_name}"
 
         query_ast.join_clauses.each do |join|

data/lib/exwiw/query_ast.rb

@@ -45,13 +45,14 @@ module Exwiw
     end
 
     class Select
-      attr_reader :from_table_name, :columns, :where_clauses, :join_clauses
+      attr_reader :from_table_name, :columns, :where_clauses, :join_clauses, :select_all
 
       def initialize
         @from_table_name = nil
         @columns = []
         @where_clauses = []
         @join_clauses = []
+        @select_all = false
       end
 
       def from(table)
@@ -62,6 +63,10 @@ module Exwiw
         @columns = map_column_value(columns)
       end
 
+      def select_all!
+        @select_all = true
+      end
+
       def where(where_clause)
         @where_clauses << where_clause
       end

data/lib/exwiw/query_ast_builder.rb

@@ -23,7 +23,11 @@ module Exwiw
 
       QueryAst::Select.new.tap do |ast|
         ast.from(table.name)
-        ast.select(table.columns)
+        if table.rails_managed?
+          ast.select_all!
+        else
+          ast.select(table.columns)
+        end
         join_clauses.each { |join_clause| ast.join(join_clause) }
         where_clauses.each { |where_clause| ast.where(where_clause) }
       end

data/lib/exwiw/runner.rb

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ module Exwiw
       configs = load_table_config(adapter.class.table_config_class)
 
       validate_skipped(configs)
+      validate_rails_managed_target!(configs)
 
       table_by_name = configs.each_with_object({}) { |config, hash| hash[config.name] = config }
 
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ module Exwiw
           end
         end
 
-        if adapter.supports_bulk_delete? && !@insert_only
+        if adapter.supports_bulk_delete? && !@insert_only && !(table.respond_to?(:rails_managed?) && table.rails_managed?)
           @logger.debug("  Generate DELETE statement...")
           delete_sql = adapter.to_bulk_delete(query_ast, table)
           if @logger.debug?
@@ -153,5 +154,16 @@ module Exwiw
 
       skipped_names.each { |n| @logger.info("Table '#{n}' is marked skip:true (schema will be included, data extraction skipped)") }
     end
+
+    private def validate_rails_managed_target!(configs)
+      return if @dump_target.table_name.nil?
+
+      target = configs.find { |c| c.name == @dump_target.table_name }
+      return if target.nil?
+      return unless target.respond_to?(:rails_managed?) && target.rails_managed?
+
+      raise ArgumentError,
+            "--target-table '#{@dump_target.table_name}' is a Rails-managed table (type=#{target.type}) and cannot be used as a dump target."
+    end
   end
 end

data/lib/exwiw/schema_generator.rb

@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@ require "json"
 
 module Exwiw
   class SchemaGenerator
-    class MultipleDatabasesNotSupportedError < StandardError; end
-
     def self.from_rails_application(output_dir:)
       Rails.application.eager_load!
       new(models: ActiveRecord::Base.descendants, output_dir: output_dir)
@@ -18,31 +16,53 @@ module Exwiw
     end
 
     def generate!
-      tables = build_tables
-      write_files(tables)
-      tables
+      groups = build_table_groups
+      write_groups(groups)
+      groups
     end
 
-    def build_tables
+    # Returns a Hash keyed by the database name.
+    #
+    # - Single-database setup: the only key is `nil`, signalling that the table
+    #   configs should be written flat into `output_dir` (backwards compatible).
+    # - Multi-database setup (Rails `connects_to`): one key per database
+    #   (`connection_db_config.name`, e.g. "primary" / "analytics"), each
+    #   mapping to that database's table configs. They are written into
+    #   `output_dir/<db_name>/`.
+    def build_table_groups
       models = concrete_models
-      validate_single_database!(models)
+      grouped = models.group_by { |model| database_name_for(model) }
 
-      models.group_by(&:table_name).map do |table_name, model_group|
-        representative = model_group.first
-        TableConfig.from_symbol_keys(
-          name: table_name,
-          primary_key: representative.primary_key,
-          belongs_tos: aggregate_belongs_tos(model_group),
-          columns: representative.column_names.map { |name| { name: name } },
-        )
+      if grouped.size <= 1
+        conn = models.empty? ? ActiveRecord::Base.connection : models.first.connection
+        return { nil => build_tables_for(models, conn) }
+      end
+
+      grouped.each_with_object({}) do |(db_name, group_models), result|
+        conn = group_models.first.connection
+        result[db_name] = build_tables_for(group_models, conn)
       end
     end
 
-    def write_files(tables)
-      FileUtils.mkdir_p(@output_dir)
+    # Backwards-compatible flat list of all table configs. Only meaningful for
+    # a single-database setup; for multi-database setups prefer
+    # `#build_table_groups` so the database association is preserved.
+    def build_tables
+      build_table_groups.values.flatten
+    end
+
+    def write_groups(groups)
+      groups.each do |db_name, tables|
+        dir = db_name.nil? ? @output_dir : File.join(@output_dir, db_name)
+        write_files(dir, tables)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def write_files(dir, tables)
+      FileUtils.mkdir_p(dir)
 
       tables.each do |table|
-        path = File.join(@output_dir, "#{table.name}.json")
+        path = File.join(dir, "#{table.name}.json")
         config_to_write =
           if File.exist?(path)
             TableConfig.from(JSON.parse(File.read(path))).merge(table)
@@ -53,10 +73,58 @@ module Exwiw
       end
     end
 
+    private def build_tables_for(models, conn)
+      tables_from_models = models.group_by(&:table_name).map do |table_name, model_group|
+        representative = model_group.first
+        TableConfig.from_symbol_keys(
+          name: table_name,
+          primary_key: representative.primary_key,
+          belongs_tos: aggregate_belongs_tos(model_group),
+          columns: representative.column_names.map { |name| { name: name } },
+        )
+      end
+
+      tables_from_models + build_rails_managed_tables(conn)
+    end
+
     private def concrete_models
       @models.reject(&:abstract_class?).select(&:table_exists?)
     end
 
+    # rails-managed テーブル (`schema_migrations` / `ar_internal_metadata`) は
+    # モデルクラスを持たないため `ActiveRecord::Base.descendants` からは拾えない。
+    # multi-DB 構成では各 connection が独立した migration 履歴テーブルを持つので、
+    # 対象 connection を受け取り、その connection 上に該当テーブルが存在する場合のみ
+    # エントリを生成する。テーブル名そのものは prefix/suffix を含むグローバル設定
+    # (`ActiveRecord::Base.schema_migrations_table_name` 等) から得る。
+    private def build_rails_managed_tables(conn)
+      result = []
+
+      schema_migrations_name = ActiveRecord::Base.schema_migrations_table_name
+      if conn.table_exists?(schema_migrations_name)
+        result << TableConfig.from_symbol_keys(
+          name: schema_migrations_name,
+          type: TableConfig::RAILS_MANAGED_SCHEMA_MIGRATIONS,
+          comment: "Managed internally by Rails. Tracks applied schema migrations.",
+          belongs_tos: [],
+          columns: [],
+        )
+      end
+
+      internal_metadata_name = ActiveRecord::Base.internal_metadata_table_name
+      if conn.table_exists?(internal_metadata_name)
+        result << TableConfig.from_symbol_keys(
+          name: internal_metadata_name,
+          type: TableConfig::RAILS_MANAGED_INTERNAL_METADATA,
+          comment: "Managed internally by Rails. Stores environment and schema metadata.",
+          belongs_tos: [],
+          columns: [],
+        )
+      end
+
+      result
+    end
+
     private def aggregate_belongs_tos(models)
       pairs = models
         .flat_map { |m| m.reflect_on_all_associations(:belongs_to) }
@@ -69,22 +137,13 @@ module Exwiw
       end
     end
 
-    # `connection_specification_name` is a quasi-private API but has been stable
-    # across Rails 6.1 - 8.x. With Rails multi-DB (`connects_to`), every
-    # descendant of the same abstract base shares one spec name regardless of
-    # role/shard, so distinct values across concrete models indicate genuinely
-    # separate databases.
-    private def validate_single_database!(models)
-      return if models.empty?
-
-      specs = models.map(&:connection_specification_name).uniq
-      return if specs.size <= 1
-
-      raise MultipleDatabasesNotSupportedError, <<~MSG
-        exwiw does not yet support Rails multiple-database setup.
-        Detected connection specifications: #{specs.inspect}
-        Track progress at https://github.com/riseshia/exwiw/issues
-      MSG
+    # Identifies which database a model belongs to. With Rails multi-DB
+    # (`connects_to` backed by `database.yml`), `connection_db_config.name`
+    # returns the configuration name ("primary", "analytics", ...) which is
+    # stable across roles/shards and makes a natural per-database directory
+    # name. Single-database apps all share one name, collapsing into one group.
+    private def database_name_for(model)
+      model.connection_db_config.name
     end
   end
 end

data/lib/exwiw/table_config.rb

@@ -4,18 +4,46 @@ module Exwiw
   class TableConfig
     include Serdes
 
+    RAILS_MANAGED_SCHEMA_MIGRATIONS = "rails_managed_schema_migrations"
+    RAILS_MANAGED_INTERNAL_METADATA = "rails_managed_internal_metadata"
+    RAILS_MANAGED_TYPES = [
+      RAILS_MANAGED_SCHEMA_MIGRATIONS,
+      RAILS_MANAGED_INTERNAL_METADATA,
+    ].freeze
+
     attribute :name, String
-    attribute :primary_key, String
+    attribute :primary_key, optional(String), skip_serializing_if_nil: true
+    attribute :type, optional(String), skip_serializing_if_nil: true
+    attribute :comment, optional(String), skip_serializing_if_nil: true
     attribute :filter, optional(String), skip_serializing_if_nil: true
-    attribute :belongs_tos, array(BelongsTo)
-    attribute :columns, array(TableColumn)
+    attribute :belongs_tos, array(BelongsTo), default: []
+    attribute :columns, array(TableColumn), default: []
     attribute :bulk_insert_chunk_size, optional(Integer), skip_serializing_if_nil: true
     attribute :skip, Serdes::OptionalType.new(Serdes::ConcreteType.new(Boolean)), skip_serializing_if_nil: true
 
+    def self.from(hash)
+      config = super
+      config.send(:validate_after_load!)
+      config
+    end
+
     def self.from_symbol_keys(hash)
       from(JSON.parse(hash.to_json))
     end
 
+    def rails_managed?
+      RAILS_MANAGED_TYPES.include?(type)
+    end
+
+    def to_hash
+      hash = super
+      if rails_managed?
+        hash.delete("belongs_tos")
+        hash.delete("columns")
+      end
+      hash
+    end
+
     def column_names
       columns.map(&:name)
     end
@@ -74,6 +102,8 @@ module Exwiw
       TableConfig.new.tap do |merged_table|
         merged_table.name = name
         merged_table.primary_key = passed_table.primary_key
+        merged_table.type = passed_table.type
+        merged_table.comment = comment
         merged_table.filter = filter
         merged_table.belongs_tos = passed_table.belongs_tos
         merged_table.bulk_insert_chunk_size = passed_table.bulk_insert_chunk_size
@@ -93,6 +123,27 @@ module Exwiw
       end
     end
 
+    private def validate_after_load!
+      if rails_managed?
+        if primary_key
+          raise ArgumentError,
+                "Table '#{name}' has type=#{type}; primary_key must not be defined."
+        end
+        if !belongs_tos.empty?
+          raise ArgumentError,
+                "Table '#{name}' has type=#{type}; belongs_tos must not be defined."
+        end
+        if !columns.empty?
+          raise ArgumentError,
+                "Table '#{name}' has type=#{type}; columns must not be defined."
+        end
+      else
+        if primary_key.nil?
+          raise ArgumentError, "Table '#{name}' requires primary_key."
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
     private def compute_dependency_to_table(target_table_name, tables_by_name)
       return [] if belongs_tos.empty?
 

data/lib/exwiw/version.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Exwiw
-  VERSION = "0.2.4"
+  VERSION = "0.2.6"
 end

metadata

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 --- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
 name: exwiw
 version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-  version: 0.2.4
+  version: 0.2.6
 platform: ruby
 authors:
 - Shia
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ files:
 - docs/plans/2026-05-16-mongodb-from-clean-scenario.md
 - docs/plans/2026-05-22-after-insert-hook.md
 - docs/plans/2026-05-22-postgres-copy-mode-scenario-test.md
+- docs/plans/2026-05-29-rails-managed-tables.md
 - exe/exwiw
 - lib/exwiw.rb
 - lib/exwiw/adapter.rb