expressir 0.2.7-x64-mingw32 → 0.2.12-x64-mingw32

data/spec/expressir/express_exp/parser/source_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+require "spec_helper"
+require "expressir/express_exp/parser"
+
+RSpec.describe Expressir::ExpressExp::Parser do
+  describe ".source" do
+    it "contains original source" do
+      input = File.read(sample_file)
+      repo = Expressir::ExpressExp::Parser.from_file(sample_file)
+
+      schema = repo.schemas.first
+      start_index = input.index("SCHEMA")
+      stop_index = input.index("END_SCHEMA;") + "END_SCHEMA;".length - 1
+      expected_result = input[start_index..stop_index]
+      expect(schema.source).to eq(expected_result)
+
+      entity = schema.entities.first
+      start_index = input.index("ENTITY")
+      stop_index = input.index("END_ENTITY;") + "END_ENTITY;".length - 1
+      expected_result = input[start_index..stop_index]
+      expect(entity.source).to eq(expected_result)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def sample_file
+    @sample_file ||= Expressir.root_path.join(
+      "original", "examples", "syntax", "source.exp"
+    )
+  end
+end

data/spec/expressir/express_exp/parser/syntax_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,3080 @@
+require "spec_helper"
+require "expressir/express_exp/parser"
+
+RSpec.describe Expressir::ExpressExp::Parser do
+  describe ".from_file" do
+    it "parses syntax" do
+      repo = Expressir::ExpressExp::Parser.from_file(sample_file)
+
+      schemas = repo.schemas
+
+      schema = schemas.find{|x| x.id == "syntax_schema"}
+      expect(schema.version).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::String)
+      expect(schema.version.value).to eq("version")
+
+      interfaces = schema.interfaces
+      constants = schema.constants
+      types = schema.types
+      entities = schema.entities
+      subtype_constraints = schema.subtype_constraints
+      functions = schema.functions
+      procedures = schema.procedures
+      rules = schema.rules
+
+      # intefaces
+      interfaces[0].tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Interface)
+        expect(x.kind).to eq(Expressir::Model::Interface::USE)
+        expect(x.schema).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.schema.id).to eq("contract_schema")
+      end
+
+      interfaces[1].tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Interface)
+        expect(x.kind).to eq(Expressir::Model::Interface::USE)
+        expect(x.schema).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.schema.id).to eq("contract_schema")
+        expect(x.items).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.items.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.items[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.items[0].id).to eq("contract")
+      end
+
+      interfaces[2].tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Interface)
+        expect(x.kind).to eq(Expressir::Model::Interface::USE)
+        expect(x.schema).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.schema.id).to eq("contract_schema")
+        expect(x.items).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.items.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.items[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.items[0].id).to eq("contract")
+        expect(x.items[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.items[1].id).to eq("contract2")
+      end
+
+      interfaces[3].tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Interface)
+        expect(x.kind).to eq(Expressir::Model::Interface::USE)
+        expect(x.schema).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.schema.id).to eq("contract_schema")
+        expect(x.items).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.items.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.items[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::RenamedRef)
+        expect(x.items[0].ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.items[0].ref.id).to eq("contract")
+        expect(x.items[0].id).to eq("contract2")
+      end
+
+      interfaces[4].tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Interface)
+        expect(x.kind).to eq(Expressir::Model::Interface::REFERENCE)
+        expect(x.schema).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.schema.id).to eq("contract_schema")
+      end
+
+      interfaces[5].tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Interface)
+        expect(x.kind).to eq(Expressir::Model::Interface::REFERENCE)
+        expect(x.schema).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.schema.id).to eq("contract_schema")
+        expect(x.items).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.items.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.items[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.items[0].id).to eq("contract")
+      end
+
+      interfaces[6].tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Interface)
+        expect(x.kind).to eq(Expressir::Model::Interface::REFERENCE)
+        expect(x.schema).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.schema.id).to eq("contract_schema")
+        expect(x.items).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.items.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.items[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.items[0].id).to eq("contract")
+        expect(x.items[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.items[1].id).to eq("contract2")
+      end
+
+      interfaces[7].tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Interface)
+        expect(x.kind).to eq(Expressir::Model::Interface::REFERENCE)
+        expect(x.schema).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.schema.id).to eq("contract_schema")
+        expect(x.items).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.items.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.items[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::RenamedRef)
+        expect(x.items[0].ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.items[0].ref.id).to eq("contract")
+        expect(x.items[0].id).to eq("contract2")
+      end
+
+      # constants
+      constants.find{|x| x.id == "empty_constant"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Constant)
+        expect(x.type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+      end
+
+      # types
+      types.find{|x| x.id == "empty_type"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Type)
+        expect(x.type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+      end
+
+      types.find{|x| x.id == "where_type"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Type)
+        expect(x.type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.where).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.where.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.where[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Where)
+        expect(x.where[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.where[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+      end
+
+      types.find{|x| x.id == "where_label_type"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Type)
+        expect(x.type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.where).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.where.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.where[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Where)
+        expect(x.where[0].id).to eq("WR1")
+        expect(x.where[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.where[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+      end
+
+      # entities
+      entities.find{|x| x.id == "empty_entity"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Entity)
+      end
+
+      entities.find{|x| x.id == "abstract_entity"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Entity)
+        expect(x.abstract).to eq(true)
+      end
+
+      entities.find{|x| x.id == "abstract_supertype_entity"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Entity)
+        expect(x.abstract).to eq(true)
+      end
+
+      entities.find{|x| x.id == "abstract_supertype_constraint_entity"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Entity)
+        expect(x.abstract).to eq(true)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.id).to eq("empty_entity")
+      end
+
+      entities.find{|x| x.id == "supertype_constraint_entity"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Entity)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.id).to eq("empty_entity")
+      end
+
+      entities.find{|x| x.id == "subtype_entity"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Entity)
+        expect(x.subtype_of).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.subtype_of.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.subtype_of[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.subtype_of[0].id).to eq("empty_entity")
+      end
+
+      entities.find{|x| x.id == "supertype_constraint_subtype_entity"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Entity)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.id).to eq("empty_entity")
+        expect(x.subtype_of).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.subtype_of.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.subtype_of[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.subtype_of[0].id).to eq("empty_entity")
+      end
+
+      entities.find{|x| x.id == "attribute_entity"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Entity)
+        expect(x.attributes).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.attributes.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.attributes[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Attribute)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].kind).to eq(Expressir::Model::Attribute::EXPLICIT)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+      end
+
+      entities.find{|x| x.id == "attribute_optional_entity"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Entity)
+        expect(x.attributes).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.attributes.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.attributes[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Attribute)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].kind).to eq(Expressir::Model::Attribute::EXPLICIT)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].optional).to eq(true)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+      end
+
+      entities.find{|x| x.id == "attribute_multiple_entity"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Entity)
+        expect(x.attributes).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.attributes.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.attributes[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Attribute)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].kind).to eq(Expressir::Model::Attribute::EXPLICIT)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.attributes[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Attribute)
+        expect(x.attributes[1].id).to eq("test2")
+        expect(x.attributes[1].kind).to eq(Expressir::Model::Attribute::EXPLICIT)
+        expect(x.attributes[1].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+      end
+
+      entities.find{|x| x.id == "attribute_multiple_shorthand_entity"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Entity)
+        expect(x.attributes).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.attributes.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.attributes[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Attribute)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].kind).to eq(Expressir::Model::Attribute::EXPLICIT)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.attributes[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Attribute)
+        expect(x.attributes[1].id).to eq("test2")
+        expect(x.attributes[1].kind).to eq(Expressir::Model::Attribute::EXPLICIT)
+        expect(x.attributes[1].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+      end
+
+      entities.find{|x| x.id == "attribute_redeclared_entity"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Entity)
+        expect(x.subtype_of).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.subtype_of.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.subtype_of[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.subtype_of[0].id).to eq("attribute_entity")
+        expect(x.attributes).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.attributes.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.attributes[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Attribute)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].kind).to eq(Expressir::Model::Attribute::EXPLICIT)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::AttributeReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::GroupReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.ref.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.ref.ref.id).to eq("SELF")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.ref.entity).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.ref.entity.id).to eq("attribute_entity")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.attribute).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.attribute.id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+      end
+
+      entities.find{|x| x.id == "attribute_redeclared_renamed_entity"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Entity)
+        expect(x.subtype_of).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.subtype_of.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.subtype_of[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.subtype_of[0].id).to eq("attribute_entity")
+        expect(x.attributes).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.attributes.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.attributes[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Attribute)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].id).to eq("test2")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].kind).to eq(Expressir::Model::Attribute::EXPLICIT)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::AttributeReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::GroupReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.ref.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.ref.ref.id).to eq("SELF")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.ref.entity).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.ref.entity.id).to eq("attribute_entity")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.attribute).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.attribute.id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+      end
+
+      entities.find{|x| x.id == "derived_attribute_entity"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Entity)
+        expect(x.attributes).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.attributes.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.attributes[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Attribute)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].kind).to eq(Expressir::Model::Attribute::DERIVED)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+      end
+
+      entities.find{|x| x.id == "derived_attribute_redeclared_entity"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Entity)
+        expect(x.subtype_of).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.subtype_of.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.subtype_of[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.subtype_of[0].id).to eq("attribute_entity")
+        expect(x.attributes).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.attributes.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.attributes[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Attribute)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].kind).to eq(Expressir::Model::Attribute::DERIVED)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::AttributeReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::GroupReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.ref.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.ref.ref.id).to eq("SELF")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.ref.entity).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.ref.entity.id).to eq("attribute_entity")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.attribute).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.attribute.id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+      end
+
+      entities.find{|x| x.id == "derived_attribute_redeclared_renamed_entity"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Entity)
+        expect(x.subtype_of).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.subtype_of.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.subtype_of[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.subtype_of[0].id).to eq("attribute_entity")
+        expect(x.attributes).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.attributes.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.attributes[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Attribute)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].id).to eq("test2")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].kind).to eq(Expressir::Model::Attribute::DERIVED)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::AttributeReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::GroupReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.ref.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.ref.ref.id).to eq("SELF")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.ref.entity).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.ref.entity.id).to eq("attribute_entity")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.attribute).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.attribute.id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+      end
+
+      entities.find{|x| x.id == "inverse_attribute_entity"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Entity)
+        expect(x.attributes).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.attributes.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.attributes[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Attribute)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].kind).to eq(Expressir::Model::Attribute::INVERSE)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type.id).to eq("attribute_entity")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].expression.id).to eq("test")
+      end
+
+      entities.find{|x| x.id == "inverse_attribute_entity_entity"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Entity)
+        expect(x.attributes).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.attributes.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.attributes[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Attribute)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].kind).to eq(Expressir::Model::Attribute::INVERSE)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type.id).to eq("attribute_entity")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::AttributeReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].expression.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].expression.ref.id).to eq("attribute_entity")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].expression.attribute).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].expression.attribute.id).to eq("test")
+      end
+
+      entities.find{|x| x.id == "inverse_attribute_set_entity"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Entity)
+        expect(x.attributes).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.attributes.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.attributes[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Attribute)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].kind).to eq(Expressir::Model::Attribute::INVERSE)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Set)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type.base_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type.base_type.id).to eq("attribute_entity")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].expression.id).to eq("test")
+      end
+
+      entities.find{|x| x.id == "inverse_attribute_set_bound_entity"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Entity)
+        expect(x.attributes).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.attributes.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.attributes[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Attribute)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].kind).to eq(Expressir::Model::Attribute::INVERSE)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Set)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type.bound1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type.bound1.value).to eq("1")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type.bound2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type.bound2.value).to eq("9")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type.base_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type.base_type.id).to eq("attribute_entity")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].expression.id).to eq("test")
+      end
+
+      entities.find{|x| x.id == "inverse_attribute_bag_entity"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Entity)
+        expect(x.attributes).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.attributes.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.attributes[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Attribute)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].kind).to eq(Expressir::Model::Attribute::INVERSE)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Bag)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type.base_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type.base_type.id).to eq("attribute_entity")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].expression.id).to eq("test")
+      end
+
+      entities.find{|x| x.id == "inverse_attribute_bag_bound_entity"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Entity)
+        expect(x.attributes).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.attributes.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.attributes[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Attribute)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].kind).to eq(Expressir::Model::Attribute::INVERSE)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Bag)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type.bound1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type.bound1.value).to eq("1")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type.bound2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type.bound2.value).to eq("9")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type.base_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type.base_type.id).to eq("attribute_entity")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].expression.id).to eq("test")
+      end
+
+      entities.find{|x| x.id == "inverse_attribute_redeclared_entity"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Entity)
+        expect(x.subtype_of).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.subtype_of.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.subtype_of[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.subtype_of[0].id).to eq("attribute_entity")
+        expect(x.attributes).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.attributes.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.attributes[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Attribute)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].kind).to eq(Expressir::Model::Attribute::INVERSE)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::AttributeReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::GroupReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.ref.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.ref.ref.id).to eq("SELF")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.ref.entity).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.ref.entity.id).to eq("attribute_entity")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.attribute).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.attribute.id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type.id).to eq("attribute_entity")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].expression.id).to eq("test")
+      end
+
+      entities.find{|x| x.id == "inverse_attribute_redeclared_renamed_entity"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Entity)
+        expect(x.subtype_of).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.subtype_of.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.subtype_of[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.subtype_of[0].id).to eq("attribute_entity")
+        expect(x.attributes).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.attributes.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.attributes[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Attribute)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].id).to eq("test2")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].kind).to eq(Expressir::Model::Attribute::INVERSE)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::AttributeReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::GroupReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.ref.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.ref.ref.id).to eq("SELF")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.ref.entity).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.ref.entity.id).to eq("attribute_entity")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.attribute).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].supertype_attribute.attribute.id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type.id).to eq("attribute_entity")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].expression.id).to eq("test")
+      end
+
+      entities.find{|x| x.id == "unique_entity"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Entity)
+        expect(x.attributes).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.attributes.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.attributes[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Attribute)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].kind).to eq(Expressir::Model::Attribute::EXPLICIT)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.unique).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.unique.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.unique[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Unique)
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes[0].id).to eq("test")
+      end
+
+      entities.find{|x| x.id == "unique_label_entity"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Entity)
+        expect(x.attributes).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.attributes.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.attributes[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Attribute)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.attributes[0].kind).to eq(Expressir::Model::Attribute::EXPLICIT)
+        expect(x.attributes[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.unique).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.unique.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.unique[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Unique)
+        expect(x.unique[0].id).to eq("UR1")
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes[0].id).to eq("test")
+      end
+
+      entities.find{|x| x.id == "unique_redeclared_entity"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Entity)
+        expect(x.subtype_of).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.subtype_of.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.subtype_of[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.subtype_of[0].id).to eq("attribute_entity")
+        expect(x.unique).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.unique.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.unique[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Unique)
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::AttributeReference)
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes[0].ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::GroupReference)
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes[0].ref.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes[0].ref.ref.id).to eq("SELF")
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes[0].ref.entity).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes[0].ref.entity.id).to eq("attribute_entity")
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes[0].attribute).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes[0].attribute.id).to eq("test")
+      end
+
+      entities.find{|x| x.id == "unique_label_entity"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Entity)
+        expect(x.unique).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.unique.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.unique[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Unique)
+        expect(x.unique[0].id).to eq("UR1")
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes[0].id).to eq("test")
+      end
+
+      entities.find{|x| x.id == "unique_label_redeclared_entity"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Entity)
+        expect(x.subtype_of).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.subtype_of.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.subtype_of[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.subtype_of[0].id).to eq("attribute_entity")
+        expect(x.unique).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.unique.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.unique[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Unique)
+        expect(x.unique[0].id).to eq("UR1")
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::AttributeReference)
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes[0].ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::GroupReference)
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes[0].ref.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes[0].ref.ref.id).to eq("SELF")
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes[0].ref.entity).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes[0].ref.entity.id).to eq("attribute_entity")
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes[0].attribute).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.unique[0].attributes[0].attribute.id).to eq("test")
+      end
+
+      entities.find{|x| x.id == "where_entity"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Entity)
+        expect(x.where).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.where.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.where[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Where)
+        expect(x.where[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.where[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+      end
+
+      entities.find{|x| x.id == "where_label_entity"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Entity)
+        expect(x.where).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.where.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.where[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Where)
+        expect(x.where[0].id).to eq("WR1")
+        expect(x.where[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.where[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+      end
+
+      # subtype constraints
+      subtype_constraints.find{|x| x.id == "empty_subtype_constraint"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::SubtypeConstraint)
+        expect(x.applies_to).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.applies_to.id).to eq("empty_entity")
+      end
+
+      subtype_constraints.find{|x| x.id == "abstract_supertype_subtype_constraint"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::SubtypeConstraint)
+        expect(x.applies_to).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.applies_to.id).to eq("empty_entity")
+        expect(x.abstract).to eq(true)
+      end
+
+      subtype_constraints.find{|x| x.id == "total_over_subtype_constraint"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::SubtypeConstraint)
+        expect(x.applies_to).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.applies_to.id).to eq("empty_entity")
+        expect(x.total_over).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.total_over.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.total_over[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.total_over[0].id).to eq("a")
+      end
+
+      subtype_constraints.find{|x| x.id == "supertype_expression_subtype_constraint"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::SubtypeConstraint)
+        expect(x.applies_to).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.applies_to.id).to eq("empty_entity")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.id).to eq("a")
+      end
+
+      subtype_constraints.find{|x| x.id == "supertype_expression_andor_subtype_constraint"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::SubtypeConstraint)
+        expect(x.applies_to).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.applies_to.id).to eq("empty_entity")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::ANDOR)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.id).to eq("a")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.id).to eq("b")
+      end
+
+      subtype_constraints.find{|x| x.id == "supertype_expression_and_subtype_constraint"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::SubtypeConstraint)
+        expect(x.applies_to).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.applies_to.id).to eq("empty_entity")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::AND)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.id).to eq("a")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.id).to eq("b")
+      end
+
+      subtype_constraints.find{|x| x.id == "supertype_expression_andor_and_subtype_constraint"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::SubtypeConstraint)
+        expect(x.applies_to).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.applies_to.id).to eq("empty_entity")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::ANDOR)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.id).to eq("a")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::AND)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.operand1.id).to eq("b")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.operand2.id).to eq("c")
+      end
+
+      subtype_constraints.find{|x| x.id == "supertype_expression_and_andor_subtype_constraint"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::SubtypeConstraint)
+        expect(x.applies_to).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.applies_to.id).to eq("empty_entity")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::ANDOR)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::AND)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.operand1.id).to eq("a")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.operand2.id).to eq("b")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.id).to eq("c")
+      end
+
+      subtype_constraints.find{|x| x.id == "supertype_expression_parenthesis_andor_and_subtype_constraint"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::SubtypeConstraint)
+        expect(x.applies_to).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.applies_to.id).to eq("empty_entity")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::AND)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::ANDOR)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.operand1.id).to eq("a")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.operand2.id).to eq("b")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.id).to eq("c")
+      end
+
+      subtype_constraints.find{|x| x.id == "supertype_expression_and_parenthesis_andor_subtype_constraint"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::SubtypeConstraint)
+        expect(x.applies_to).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.applies_to.id).to eq("empty_entity")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::AND)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.id).to eq("a")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::ANDOR)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.operand1.id).to eq("b")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.operand2.id).to eq("c")
+      end
+
+      subtype_constraints.find{|x| x.id == "supertype_expression_oneof_subtype_constraint"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::SubtypeConstraint)
+        expect(x.applies_to).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.applies_to.id).to eq("empty_entity")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.ref.id).to eq("ONEOF")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.parameters.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.parameters[0].id).to eq("a")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.parameters[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.parameters[1].id).to eq("b")
+      end
+
+      subtype_constraints.find{|x| x.id == "supertype_expression_and_oneof_subtype_constraint"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::SubtypeConstraint)
+        expect(x.applies_to).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.applies_to.id).to eq("empty_entity")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::AND)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.id).to eq("a")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.ref.id).to eq("ONEOF")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.parameters.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.parameters[0].id).to eq("b")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.parameters[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.parameters[1].id).to eq("c")
+      end
+
+      subtype_constraints.find{|x| x.id == "supertype_expression_andor_oneof_subtype_constraint"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::SubtypeConstraint)
+        expect(x.applies_to).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.applies_to.id).to eq("empty_entity")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::ANDOR)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.id).to eq("a")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.ref.id).to eq("ONEOF")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.parameters.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.parameters[0].id).to eq("b")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.parameters[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.parameters[1].id).to eq("c")
+      end
+
+      subtype_constraints.find{|x| x.id == "supertype_expression_oneof_and_subtype_constraint"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::SubtypeConstraint)
+        expect(x.applies_to).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.applies_to.id).to eq("empty_entity")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::AND)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.ref.id).to eq("ONEOF")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.parameters.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.parameters[0].id).to eq("a")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.parameters[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.parameters[1].id).to eq("b")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.id).to eq("c")
+      end
+
+      subtype_constraints.find{|x| x.id == "supertype_expression_oneof_andor_subtype_constraint"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::SubtypeConstraint)
+        expect(x.applies_to).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.applies_to.id).to eq("empty_entity")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::ANDOR)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.ref.id).to eq("ONEOF")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.parameters.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.parameters[0].id).to eq("a")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.parameters[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.parameters[1].id).to eq("b")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.id).to eq("c")
+      end
+
+      subtype_constraints.find{|x| x.id == "supertype_expression_oneof_and_oneof_subtype_constraint"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::SubtypeConstraint)
+        expect(x.applies_to).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.applies_to.id).to eq("empty_entity")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::AND)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.ref.id).to eq("ONEOF")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.parameters.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.parameters[0].id).to eq("a")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.parameters[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.parameters[1].id).to eq("b")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.ref.id).to eq("ONEOF")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.parameters.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.parameters[0].id).to eq("c")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.parameters[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.parameters[1].id).to eq("d")
+      end
+
+      subtype_constraints.find{|x| x.id == "supertype_expression_oneof_andor_oneof_subtype_constraint"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::SubtypeConstraint)
+        expect(x.applies_to).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.applies_to.id).to eq("empty_entity")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::ANDOR)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.ref.id).to eq("ONEOF")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.parameters.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.parameters[0].id).to eq("a")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.parameters[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand1.parameters[1].id).to eq("b")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.ref.id).to eq("ONEOF")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.parameters.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.parameters[0].id).to eq("c")
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.parameters[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.supertype_expression.operand2.parameters[1].id).to eq("d")
+      end
+
+      # functions
+      functions.find{|x| x.id == "empty_function"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Function)
+        expect(x.return_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.statements.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+      end
+
+      functions.find{|x| x.id == "parameter_function"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Function)
+        expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Parameter)
+        expect(x.parameters[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.parameters[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.return_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.statements.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+      end
+
+      functions.find{|x| x.id == "multiple_parameter_function"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Function)
+        expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Parameter)
+        expect(x.parameters[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.parameters[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.parameters[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Parameter)
+        expect(x.parameters[1].id).to eq("test2")
+        expect(x.parameters[1].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.return_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.statements.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+      end
+
+      functions.find{|x| x.id == "multiple_shorthand_parameter_function"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Function)
+        expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Parameter)
+        expect(x.parameters[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.parameters[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.parameters[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Parameter)
+        expect(x.parameters[1].id).to eq("test2")
+        expect(x.parameters[1].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.return_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.statements.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+      end
+
+      functions.find{|x| x.id == "type_function"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Function)
+        expect(x.return_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.types).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.types.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.types[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Type)
+        expect(x.types[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.types[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.statements.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+      end
+
+      functions.find{|x| x.id == "constant_function"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Function)
+        expect(x.return_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.constants).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.constants.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.constants[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Constant)
+        expect(x.constants[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.constants[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.constants[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.constants[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.statements.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+      end
+
+      functions.find{|x| x.id == "multiple_constant_function"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Function)
+        expect(x.return_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.constants).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.constants.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.constants[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Constant)
+        expect(x.constants[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.constants[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.constants[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.constants[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        expect(x.constants[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Constant)
+        expect(x.constants[1].id).to eq("test2")
+        expect(x.constants[1].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.constants[1].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.constants[1].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.statements.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+      end
+
+      functions.find{|x| x.id == "variable_function"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Function)
+        expect(x.return_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.variables).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.variables.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.variables[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Variable)
+        expect(x.variables[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.variables[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.statements.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+      end
+
+      functions.find{|x| x.id == "multiple_variable_function"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Function)
+        expect(x.return_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.variables).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.variables.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.variables[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Variable)
+        expect(x.variables[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.variables[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.variables[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Variable)
+        expect(x.variables[1].id).to eq("test2")
+        expect(x.variables[1].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.statements.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+      end
+
+      functions.find{|x| x.id == "multiple_shorthand_variable_function"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Function)
+        expect(x.return_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.variables).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.variables.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.variables[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Variable)
+        expect(x.variables[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.variables[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.variables[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Variable)
+        expect(x.variables[1].id).to eq("test2")
+        expect(x.variables[1].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.statements.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+      end
+
+      functions.find{|x| x.id == "variable_expression_function"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Function)
+        expect(x.return_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.variables).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.variables.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.variables[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Variable)
+        expect(x.variables[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.variables[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.variables[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.variables[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.statements.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+      end
+
+      functions.find{|x| x.id == "multiple_variable_expression_function"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Function)
+        expect(x.return_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.variables).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.variables.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.variables[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Variable)
+        expect(x.variables[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.variables[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.variables[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.variables[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        expect(x.variables[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Variable)
+        expect(x.variables[1].id).to eq("test2")
+        expect(x.variables[1].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.variables[1].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.variables[1].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.statements.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+      end
+
+      functions.find{|x| x.id == "multiple_shorthand_variable_expression_function"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Function)
+        expect(x.return_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.variables).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.variables.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.variables[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Variable)
+        expect(x.variables[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.variables[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.variables[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.variables[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        expect(x.variables[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Variable)
+        expect(x.variables[1].id).to eq("test2")
+        expect(x.variables[1].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.variables[1].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.variables[1].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.statements.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+      end
+
+      # procedures
+      procedures.find{|x| x.id == "empty_procedure"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Procedure)
+      end
+
+      procedures.find{|x| x.id == "parameter_procedure"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Procedure)
+        expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Parameter)
+        expect(x.parameters[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.parameters[0].var).not_to eq(true)
+        expect(x.parameters[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+      end
+
+      procedures.find{|x| x.id == "multiple_parameter_procedure"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Procedure)
+        expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Parameter)
+        expect(x.parameters[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.parameters[0].var).not_to eq(true)
+        expect(x.parameters[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.parameters[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Parameter)
+        expect(x.parameters[1].id).to eq("test2")
+        expect(x.parameters[1].var).not_to eq(true)
+        expect(x.parameters[1].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+      end
+
+      procedures.find{|x| x.id == "multiple_shorthand_parameter_procedure"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Procedure)
+        expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Parameter)
+        expect(x.parameters[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.parameters[0].var).not_to eq(true)
+        expect(x.parameters[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.parameters[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Parameter)
+        expect(x.parameters[1].id).to eq("test2")
+        expect(x.parameters[1].var).not_to eq(true)
+        expect(x.parameters[1].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+      end
+
+      procedures.find{|x| x.id == "variable_parameter_procedure"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Procedure)
+        expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Parameter)
+        expect(x.parameters[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.parameters[0].var).to eq(true)
+        expect(x.parameters[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+      end
+
+      procedures.find{|x| x.id == "multiple_variable_parameter_procedure"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Procedure)
+        expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Parameter)
+        expect(x.parameters[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.parameters[0].var).to eq(true)
+        expect(x.parameters[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.parameters[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Parameter)
+        expect(x.parameters[1].id).to eq("test2")
+        expect(x.parameters[1].var).not_to eq(true)
+        expect(x.parameters[1].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+      end
+
+      procedures.find{|x| x.id == "multiple_variable_parameter2_procedure"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Procedure)
+        expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Parameter)
+        expect(x.parameters[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.parameters[0].var).not_to eq(true)
+        expect(x.parameters[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.parameters[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Parameter)
+        expect(x.parameters[1].id).to eq("test2")
+        expect(x.parameters[1].var).to eq(true)
+        expect(x.parameters[1].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+      end
+
+      procedures.find{|x| x.id == "multiple_shorthand_variable_parameter_procedure"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Procedure)
+        expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Parameter)
+        expect(x.parameters[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.parameters[0].var).to eq(true)
+        expect(x.parameters[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.parameters[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Parameter)
+        expect(x.parameters[1].id).to eq("test2")
+        expect(x.parameters[1].var).to eq(true)
+        expect(x.parameters[1].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+      end
+
+      procedures.find{|x| x.id == "type_procedure"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Procedure)
+        expect(x.types).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.types.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.types[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Type)
+        expect(x.types[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.types[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+      end
+
+      procedures.find{|x| x.id == "constant_procedure"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Procedure)
+        expect(x.constants).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.constants.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.constants[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Constant)
+        expect(x.constants[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.constants[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.constants[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.constants[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+      end
+
+      procedures.find{|x| x.id == "multiple_constant_procedure"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Procedure)
+        expect(x.constants).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.constants.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.constants[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Constant)
+        expect(x.constants[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.constants[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.constants[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.constants[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        expect(x.constants[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Constant)
+        expect(x.constants[1].id).to eq("test2")
+        expect(x.constants[1].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.constants[1].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.constants[1].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+      end
+
+      procedures.find{|x| x.id == "variable_procedure"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Procedure)
+        expect(x.variables).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.variables.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.variables[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Variable)
+        expect(x.variables[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.variables[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+      end
+
+      procedures.find{|x| x.id == "multiple_variable_procedure"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Procedure)
+        expect(x.variables).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.variables.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.variables[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Variable)
+        expect(x.variables[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.variables[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.variables[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Variable)
+        expect(x.variables[1].id).to eq("test2")
+        expect(x.variables[1].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+      end
+
+      procedures.find{|x| x.id == "multiple_shorthand_variable_procedure"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Procedure)
+        expect(x.variables).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.variables.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.variables[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Variable)
+        expect(x.variables[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.variables[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.variables[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Variable)
+        expect(x.variables[1].id).to eq("test2")
+        expect(x.variables[1].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+      end
+
+      procedures.find{|x| x.id == "variable_expression_procedure"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Procedure)
+        expect(x.variables).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.variables.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.variables[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Variable)
+        expect(x.variables[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.variables[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.variables[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.variables[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+      end
+
+      procedures.find{|x| x.id == "multiple_variable_expression_procedure"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Procedure)
+        expect(x.variables).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.variables.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.variables[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Variable)
+        expect(x.variables[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.variables[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.variables[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.variables[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        expect(x.variables[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Variable)
+        expect(x.variables[1].id).to eq("test2")
+        expect(x.variables[1].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.variables[1].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.variables[1].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+      end
+
+      procedures.find{|x| x.id == "multiple_shorthand_variable_expression_procedure"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Procedure)
+        expect(x.variables).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.variables.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.variables[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Variable)
+        expect(x.variables[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.variables[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.variables[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.variables[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        expect(x.variables[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Variable)
+        expect(x.variables[1].id).to eq("test2")
+        expect(x.variables[1].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.variables[1].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.variables[1].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+      end
+
+      procedures.find{|x| x.id == "statement_procedure"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Procedure)
+        expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.statements.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+      end
+
+      # rules
+      rules.find{|x| x.id == "empty_rule"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Rule)
+        expect(x.applies_to).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.applies_to.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.applies_to[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.applies_to[0].id).to eq("empty_entity")
+        expect(x.where).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.where.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.where[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Where)
+        expect(x.where[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.where[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+      end
+
+      rules.find{|x| x.id == "type_rule"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Rule)
+        expect(x.applies_to).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.applies_to.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.applies_to[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.applies_to[0].id).to eq("empty_entity")
+        expect(x.types).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.types.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.types[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Type)
+        expect(x.types[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.types[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.where).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.where.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.where[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Where)
+        expect(x.where[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.where[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+      end
+
+      rules.find{|x| x.id == "constant_rule"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Rule)
+        expect(x.applies_to).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.applies_to.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.applies_to[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.applies_to[0].id).to eq("empty_entity")
+        expect(x.constants).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.constants.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.constants[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Constant)
+        expect(x.constants[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.constants[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.constants[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.constants[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        expect(x.where).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.where.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.where[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Where)
+        expect(x.where[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.where[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+      end
+
+      rules.find{|x| x.id == "multiple_constant_rule"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Rule)
+        expect(x.applies_to).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.applies_to.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.applies_to[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.applies_to[0].id).to eq("empty_entity")
+        expect(x.constants).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.constants.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.constants[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Constant)
+        expect(x.constants[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.constants[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.constants[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.constants[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        expect(x.constants[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Constant)
+        expect(x.constants[1].id).to eq("test2")
+        expect(x.constants[1].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.constants[1].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.constants[1].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        expect(x.where).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.where.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.where[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Where)
+        expect(x.where[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.where[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+      end
+
+      rules.find{|x| x.id == "variable_rule"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Rule)
+        expect(x.applies_to).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.applies_to.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.applies_to[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.applies_to[0].id).to eq("empty_entity")
+        expect(x.variables).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.variables.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.variables[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Variable)
+        expect(x.variables[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.variables[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.where).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.where.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.where[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Where)
+        expect(x.where[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.where[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+      end
+
+      rules.find{|x| x.id == "multiple_variable_rule"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Rule)
+        expect(x.applies_to).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.applies_to.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.applies_to[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.applies_to[0].id).to eq("empty_entity")
+        expect(x.variables).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.variables.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.variables[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Variable)
+        expect(x.variables[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.variables[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.variables[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Variable)
+        expect(x.variables[1].id).to eq("test2")
+        expect(x.variables[1].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.where).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.where.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.where[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Where)
+        expect(x.where[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.where[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+      end
+
+      rules.find{|x| x.id == "multiple_shorthand_variable_rule"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Rule)
+        expect(x.applies_to).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.applies_to.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.applies_to[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.applies_to[0].id).to eq("empty_entity")
+        expect(x.variables).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.variables.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.variables[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Variable)
+        expect(x.variables[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.variables[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.variables[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Variable)
+        expect(x.variables[1].id).to eq("test2")
+        expect(x.variables[1].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.where).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.where.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.where[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Where)
+        expect(x.where[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.where[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+      end
+
+      rules.find{|x| x.id == "variable_expression_rule"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Rule)
+        expect(x.applies_to).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.applies_to.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.applies_to[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.applies_to[0].id).to eq("empty_entity")
+        expect(x.variables).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.variables.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.variables[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Variable)
+        expect(x.variables[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.variables[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.variables[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.variables[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        expect(x.where).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.where.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.where[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Where)
+        expect(x.where[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.where[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+      end
+
+      rules.find{|x| x.id == "multiple_variable_expression_rule"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Rule)
+        expect(x.applies_to).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.applies_to.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.applies_to[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.applies_to[0].id).to eq("empty_entity")
+        expect(x.variables).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.variables.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.variables[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Variable)
+        expect(x.variables[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.variables[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.variables[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.variables[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        expect(x.variables[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Variable)
+        expect(x.variables[1].id).to eq("test2")
+        expect(x.variables[1].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.variables[1].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.variables[1].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        expect(x.where).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.where.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.where[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Where)
+        expect(x.where[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.where[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+      end
+
+      rules.find{|x| x.id == "multiple_shorthand_variable_expression_rule"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Rule)
+        expect(x.applies_to).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.applies_to.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.applies_to[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.applies_to[0].id).to eq("empty_entity")
+        expect(x.variables).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.variables.count).to eq(2)
+        expect(x.variables[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Variable)
+        expect(x.variables[0].id).to eq("test")
+        expect(x.variables[0].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.variables[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.variables[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        expect(x.variables[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Variable)
+        expect(x.variables[1].id).to eq("test2")
+        expect(x.variables[1].type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        expect(x.variables[1].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.variables[1].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        expect(x.where).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.where.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.where[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Where)
+        expect(x.where[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.where[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+      end
+
+      rules.find{|x| x.id == "statement_rule"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Rule)
+        expect(x.applies_to).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.applies_to.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.applies_to[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.applies_to[0].id).to eq("empty_entity")
+        expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.statements.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+        expect(x.where).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.where.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.where[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Where)
+        expect(x.where[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.where[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+      end
+
+      rules.find{|x| x.id == "where_label_rule"}.tap do |x|
+        expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Rule)
+        expect(x.applies_to).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.applies_to.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.applies_to[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+        expect(x.applies_to[0].id).to eq("empty_entity")
+        expect(x.where).to be_instance_of(Array)
+        expect(x.where.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(x.where[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Where)
+        expect(x.where[0].id).to eq("WR1")
+        expect(x.where[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+        expect(x.where[0].expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+      end
+
+      procedures.find{|x| x.id == "statements"}.tap do |x|
+        # statements
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "alias_simple_reference_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Alias)
+          expect(x.id).to eq("test")
+          expect(x.expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.expression.id).to eq("test")
+          expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.statements.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "alias_group_reference_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Alias)
+          expect(x.id).to eq("test")
+          expect(x.expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::GroupReference)
+          expect(x.expression.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.expression.ref.id).to eq("test")
+          expect(x.expression.entity).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.expression.entity.id).to eq("test2")
+          expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.statements.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "alias_index_reference_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Alias)
+          expect(x.id).to eq("test")
+          expect(x.expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::IndexReference)
+          expect(x.expression.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.expression.ref.id).to eq("test")
+          expect(x.expression.index1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.expression.index1.value).to eq("1")
+          expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.statements.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "alias_index2_reference_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Alias)
+          expect(x.id).to eq("test")
+          expect(x.expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::IndexReference)
+          expect(x.expression.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.expression.ref.id).to eq("test")
+          expect(x.expression.index1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.expression.index1.value).to eq("1")
+          expect(x.expression.index2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.expression.index2.value).to eq("9")
+          expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.statements.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "alias_attribute_reference_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Alias)
+          expect(x.id).to eq("test")
+          expect(x.expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::AttributeReference)
+          expect(x.expression.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.expression.ref.id).to eq("test")
+          expect(x.expression.attribute).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.expression.attribute.id).to eq("test2")
+          expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.statements.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "assignment_simple_reference_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Assignment)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("test")
+          expect(x.expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "assignment_group_reference_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Assignment)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::GroupReference)
+          expect(x.ref.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.ref.id).to eq("test")
+          expect(x.ref.entity).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.entity.id).to eq("test2")
+          expect(x.expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "assignment_index_reference_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Assignment)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::IndexReference)
+          expect(x.ref.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.ref.id).to eq("test")
+          expect(x.ref.index1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.ref.index1.value).to eq("1")
+          expect(x.expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "assignment_index2_reference_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Assignment)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::IndexReference)
+          expect(x.ref.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.ref.id).to eq("test")
+          expect(x.ref.index1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.ref.index1.value).to eq("1")
+          expect(x.ref.index2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.ref.index2.value).to eq("9")
+          expect(x.expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "assignment_attribute_reference_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Assignment)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::AttributeReference)
+          expect(x.ref.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.ref.id).to eq("test")
+          expect(x.ref.attribute).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.attribute.id).to eq("test2")
+          expect(x.expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "case_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Case)
+          expect(x.expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.expression.id).to eq("test")
+          expect(x.actions).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.actions.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.actions[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::CaseAction)
+          expect(x.actions[0].labels).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.actions[0].labels.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.actions[0].labels[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.actions[0].labels[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+          expect(x.actions[0].statement).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "case_multiple_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Case)
+          expect(x.expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.expression.id).to eq("test")
+          expect(x.actions).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.actions.count).to eq(2)
+          expect(x.actions[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::CaseAction)
+          expect(x.actions[0].labels).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.actions[0].labels.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.actions[0].labels[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.actions[0].labels[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+          expect(x.actions[0].statement).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+          expect(x.actions[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::CaseAction)
+          expect(x.actions[1].labels).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.actions[1].labels.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.actions[1].labels[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.actions[1].labels[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+          expect(x.actions[1].statement).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "case_multiple_shorthand_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Case)
+          expect(x.expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.expression.id).to eq("test")
+          expect(x.actions).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.actions.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.actions[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::CaseAction)
+          expect(x.actions[0].labels).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.actions[0].labels.count).to eq(2)
+          expect(x.actions[0].labels[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.actions[0].labels[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+          expect(x.actions[0].labels[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.actions[0].labels[1].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+          expect(x.actions[0].statement).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "case_otherwise_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Case)
+          expect(x.expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.expression.id).to eq("test")
+          expect(x.actions).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.actions.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.actions[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::CaseAction)
+          expect(x.actions[0].labels).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.actions[0].labels.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.actions[0].labels[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.actions[0].labels[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+          expect(x.actions[0].statement).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+          expect(x.otherwise_statement).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "compound_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Compound)
+          expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.statements.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "escape_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Escape)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "if_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::If)
+          expect(x.expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+          expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.statements.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "if2_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::If)
+          expect(x.expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+          expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.statements.count).to eq(2)
+          expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+          expect(x.statements[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "if_else_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::If)
+          expect(x.expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+          expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.statements.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+          expect(x.else_statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.else_statements.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.else_statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "if2_else_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::If)
+          expect(x.expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+          expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.statements.count).to eq(2)
+          expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+          expect(x.statements[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+          expect(x.else_statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.else_statements.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.else_statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "if_else2_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::If)
+          expect(x.expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+          expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.statements.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+          expect(x.else_statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.else_statements.count).to eq(2)
+          expect(x.else_statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+          expect(x.else_statements[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "if2_else2_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::If)
+          expect(x.expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+          expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.statements.count).to eq(2)
+          expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+          expect(x.statements[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+          expect(x.else_statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.else_statements.count).to eq(2)
+          expect(x.else_statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+          expect(x.else_statements[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "null_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "call_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("empty_procedure")
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "call_parameter_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("empty_procedure")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "call_parameter2_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("empty_procedure")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(2)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+          expect(x.parameters[1]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[1].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "call_insert_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("INSERT")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "call_remove_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("REMOVE")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "repeat_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Repeat)
+          expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.statements.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "repeat_variable_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Repeat)
+          expect(x.id).to eq("test")
+          expect(x.bound1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.bound1.value).to eq("1")
+          expect(x.bound2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.bound2.value).to eq("9")
+          expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.statements.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "repeat_variable_increment_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Repeat)
+          expect(x.id).to eq("test")
+          expect(x.bound1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.bound1.value).to eq("1")
+          expect(x.bound2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.bound2.value).to eq("9")
+          expect(x.increment).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.increment.value).to eq("2")
+          expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.statements.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "repeat_while_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Repeat)
+          expect(x.while_expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.while_expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+          expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.statements.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "repeat_until_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Repeat)
+          expect(x.until_expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.until_expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+          expect(x.statements).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.statements.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.statements[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Null)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "return_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Return)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "return_expression_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Return)
+          expect(x.expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.procedures.find{|x| x.id == "skip_statement"}.statements[0].tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Statements::Skip)
+        end
+      end
+
+      procedures.find{|x| x.id == "types"}.tap do |x|
+        # simple types
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "binary_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Binary)
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "binary_width_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Binary)
+          expect(x.width).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.width.value).to eq("3")
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "binary_width_fixed_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Binary)
+          expect(x.width).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.width.value).to eq("3")
+          expect(x.fixed).to eq(true)
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "boolean_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Boolean)
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "integer_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Integer)
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "logical_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Logical)
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "number_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Number)
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "real_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Real)
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "real_precision_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Real)
+          expect(x.precision).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.precision.value).to eq("3")
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "string_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::String)
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "string_width_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::String)
+          expect(x.width).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.width.value).to eq("3")
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "string_width_fixed_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::String)
+          expect(x.width).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.width.value).to eq("3")
+          expect(x.fixed).to eq(true)
+        end
+  
+        # aggregation types
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "array_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Array)
+          expect(x.bound1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.bound1.value).to eq("1")
+          expect(x.bound2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.bound2.value).to eq("9")
+          expect(x.base_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::String)
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "array_optional_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Array)
+          expect(x.bound1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.bound1.value).to eq("1")
+          expect(x.bound2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.bound2.value).to eq("9")
+          expect(x.optional).to eq(true)
+          expect(x.base_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::String)
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "array_unique_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Array)
+          expect(x.bound1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.bound1.value).to eq("1")
+          expect(x.bound2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.bound2.value).to eq("9")
+          expect(x.unique).to eq(true)
+          expect(x.base_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::String)
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "array_optional_unique_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Array)
+          expect(x.bound1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.bound1.value).to eq("1")
+          expect(x.bound2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.bound2.value).to eq("9")
+          expect(x.optional).to eq(true)
+          expect(x.unique).to eq(true)
+          expect(x.base_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::String)
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "bag_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Bag)
+          expect(x.base_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::String)
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "bag_bound_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Bag)
+          expect(x.bound1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.bound1.value).to eq("1")
+          expect(x.bound2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.bound2.value).to eq("9")
+          expect(x.base_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::String)
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "list_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::List)
+          expect(x.base_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::String)
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "list_bound_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::List)
+          expect(x.bound1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.bound1.value).to eq("1")
+          expect(x.bound2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.bound2.value).to eq("9")
+          expect(x.base_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::String)
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "list_unique_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::List)
+          expect(x.unique).to eq(true)
+          expect(x.base_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::String)
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "list_bound_unique_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::List)
+          expect(x.bound1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.bound1.value).to eq("1")
+          expect(x.bound2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.bound2.value).to eq("9")
+          expect(x.unique).to eq(true)
+          expect(x.base_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::String)
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "set_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Set)
+          expect(x.base_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::String)
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "set_bound_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Set)
+          expect(x.bound1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.bound1.value).to eq("1")
+          expect(x.bound2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.bound2.value).to eq("9")
+          expect(x.base_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::String)
+        end
+  
+        # constructed types
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "select_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Select)
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "select_extensible_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Select)
+          expect(x.extensible).to eq(true)
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "select_extensible_generic_entity_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Select)
+          expect(x.extensible).to eq(true)
+          expect(x.generic_entity).to eq(true)
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "select_list_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Select)
+          expect(x.items).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.items.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.items[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.items[0].id).to eq("empty_type")
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "select_extension_type_ref_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Select)
+          expect(x.extension_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.extension_type.id).to eq("select_type")
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "select_extension_type_ref_list_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Select)
+          expect(x.extension_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.extension_type.id).to eq("select_type")
+          expect(x.extension_items).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.extension_items.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.extension_items[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.extension_items[0].id).to eq("empty_type")
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "enumeration_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Enumeration)
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "enumeration_extensible_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Enumeration)
+          expect(x.extensible).to eq(true)
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "enumeration_list_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Enumeration)
+          expect(x.items).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.items.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.items[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::EnumerationItem)
+          expect(x.items[0].id).to eq("test")
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "enumeration_extension_type_ref_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Enumeration)
+          expect(x.extension_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.extension_type.id).to eq("enumeration_type")
+        end
+  
+        x.types.find{|x| x.id == "enumeration_extension_type_ref_list_type"}.type.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Types::Enumeration)
+          expect(x.extension_type).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.extension_type.id).to eq("enumeration_type")
+          expect(x.extension_items).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.extension_items[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::EnumerationItem)
+          expect(x.extension_items[0].id).to eq("test")
+        end
+      end
+
+      procedures.find{|x| x.id == "expressions"}.tap do |x|
+        # literal expressions
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "binary_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Binary)
+          expect(x.value).to eq("011110000111100001111000")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "integer_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.value).to eq("999")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "true_logical_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+        
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "false_logical_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::FALSE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "unknown_logical_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::UNKNOWN)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "real_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Real)
+          expect(x.value).to eq("999.999")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "simple_string_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::String)
+          expect(x.value).to eq("xxx")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "utf8_simple_string_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::String)
+          expect(x.value).to eq("UTF8 test: Příliš žluťoučký kůň úpěl ďábelské ódy.")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "encoded_string_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::String)
+          expect(x.value).to eq("000000780000007800000078")
+          expect(x.encoded).to eq(true)
+        end
+
+        # constant expressions
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "const_e_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.id).to eq("CONST_E")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "indeterminate_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.id).to eq("?")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "pi_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.id).to eq("PI")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "self_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.id).to eq("SELF")
+        end
+
+        # function expressions
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "abs_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("ABS")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "acos_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("ACOS")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "asin_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("ASIN")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "atan_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("ATAN")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "blength_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("BLENGTH")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "cos_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("COS")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "exists_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("EXISTS")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "exp_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("EXP")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "format_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("FORMAT")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "hibound_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("HIBOUND")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "hiindex_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("HIINDEX")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "length_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("LENGTH")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "lobound_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("LOBOUND")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "loindex_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("LOINDEX")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "log_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("LOG")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "log2_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("LOG2")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "log10_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("LOG10")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "nvl_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("NVL")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "odd_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("ODD")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "rolesof_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("ROLESOF")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "sin_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("SIN")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "sizeof_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("SIZEOF")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "sqrt_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("SQRT")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "tan_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("TAN")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "typeof_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("TYPEOF")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "usedin_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("USEDIN")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "value_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("VALUE")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "value_in_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("VALUE_IN")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "value_unique_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("VALUE_UNIQUE")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        # operator expressions
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "plus_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::UnaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::UnaryExpression::PLUS)
+          expect(x.operand).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand.value).to eq("4")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "plus_addition_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::UnaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::UnaryExpression::PLUS)
+          expect(x.operand).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operand.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::ADDITION)
+          expect(x.operand.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand.operand1.value).to eq("4")
+          expect(x.operand.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand.operand2.value).to eq("2")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "minus_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::UnaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::UnaryExpression::MINUS)
+          expect(x.operand).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand.value).to eq("4")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "minus_addition_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::UnaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::UnaryExpression::MINUS)
+          expect(x.operand).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operand.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::ADDITION)
+          expect(x.operand.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand.operand1.value).to eq("4")
+          expect(x.operand.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand.operand2.value).to eq("2")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "addition_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::ADDITION)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand1.value).to eq("4")
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand2.value).to eq("2")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "subtraction_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::SUBTRACTION)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand1.value).to eq("4")
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand2.value).to eq("2")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "multiplication_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::MULTIPLICATION)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand1.value).to eq("4")
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand2.value).to eq("2")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "real_division_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::REAL_DIVISION)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand1.value).to eq("4")
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand2.value).to eq("2")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "integer_division_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::INTEGER_DIVISION)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand1.value).to eq("4")
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand2.value).to eq("2")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "modulo_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::MODULO)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand1.value).to eq("4")
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand2.value).to eq("2")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "exponentiation_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::EXPONENTIATION)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand1.value).to eq("4")
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand2.value).to eq("2")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "addition_addition_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::ADDITION)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operand1.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::ADDITION)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand1.value).to eq("4")
+          expect(x.operand1.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand2.value).to eq("2")
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand2.value).to eq("1")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "subtraction_subtraction_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::SUBTRACTION)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operand1.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::SUBTRACTION)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand1.value).to eq("4")
+          expect(x.operand1.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand2.value).to eq("2")
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand2.value).to eq("1")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "addition_subtraction_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::SUBTRACTION)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operand1.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::ADDITION)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand1.value).to eq("4")
+          expect(x.operand1.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand2.value).to eq("2")
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand2.value).to eq("1")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "subtraction_addition_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::ADDITION)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operand1.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::SUBTRACTION)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand1.value).to eq("4")
+          expect(x.operand1.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand2.value).to eq("2")
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand2.value).to eq("1")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "addition_multiplication_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::ADDITION)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand1.value).to eq("8")
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operand2.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::MULTIPLICATION)
+          expect(x.operand2.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand2.operand1.value).to eq("4")
+          expect(x.operand2.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand2.operand2.value).to eq("2")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "multiplication_addition_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::ADDITION)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operand1.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::MULTIPLICATION)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand1.value).to eq("8")
+          expect(x.operand1.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand2.value).to eq("4")
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand2.value).to eq("2")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "parenthesis_addition_multiplication_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::MULTIPLICATION)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operand1.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::ADDITION)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand1.value).to eq("8")
+          expect(x.operand1.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand2.value).to eq("4")
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand2.value).to eq("2")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "multiplication_parenthesis_addition_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::MULTIPLICATION)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand1.value).to eq("8")
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operand2.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::ADDITION)
+          expect(x.operand2.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand2.operand1.value).to eq("4")
+          expect(x.operand2.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand2.operand2.value).to eq("2")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "equal_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::EQUAL)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand1.value).to eq("4")
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand2.value).to eq("2")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "not_equal_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::NOT_EQUAL)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand1.value).to eq("4")
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand2.value).to eq("2")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "instance_equal_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::INSTANCE_EQUAL)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand1.value).to eq("4")
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand2.value).to eq("2")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "instance_not_equal_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::INSTANCE_NOT_EQUAL)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand1.value).to eq("4")
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand2.value).to eq("2")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "lt_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::LESS_THAN)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand1.value).to eq("4")
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand2.value).to eq("2")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "gt_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::GREATER_THAN)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand1.value).to eq("4")
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand2.value).to eq("2")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "lte_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::LESS_THAN_OR_EQUAL)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand1.value).to eq("4")
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand2.value).to eq("2")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "gte_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::GREATER_THAN_OR_EQUAL)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand1.value).to eq("4")
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.operand2.value).to eq("2")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "not_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::UnaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::UnaryExpression::NOT)
+          expect(x.operand).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.operand.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "not_or_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::UnaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::UnaryExpression::NOT)
+          expect(x.operand).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operand.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::OR)
+          expect(x.operand.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.operand.operand1.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+          expect(x.operand.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.operand.operand2.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::FALSE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "or_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::OR)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.operand1.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.operand2.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::FALSE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "and_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::AND)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.operand1.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.operand2.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::FALSE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "or_or_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::OR)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operand1.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::OR)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand1.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand2.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::FALSE)
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.operand2.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "and_and_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::AND)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operand1.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::AND)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand1.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand2.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::FALSE)
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.operand2.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "or_and_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::OR)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.operand1.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operand2.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::AND)
+          expect(x.operand2.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.operand2.operand1.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::FALSE)
+          expect(x.operand2.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.operand2.operand2.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "and_or_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::OR)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operand1.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::AND)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand1.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand2.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::FALSE)
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.operand2.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "parenthesis_or_and_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::AND)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operand1.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::OR)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand1.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.operand1.operand2.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::FALSE)
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.operand2.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "and_parenthesis_or_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::AND)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.operand1.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operand2.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::OR)
+          expect(x.operand2.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.operand2.operand1.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::FALSE)
+          expect(x.operand2.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.operand2.operand2.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        # aggregate initializer expressions
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "aggregate_initializer_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::AggregateInitializer)
+          expect(x.items).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.items.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.items[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.items[0].value).to eq("4")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "repeated_aggregate_initializer_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::AggregateInitializer)
+          expect(x.items).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.items.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.items[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::AggregateItem)
+          expect(x.items[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.items[0].expression.value).to eq("4")
+          expect(x.items[0].repetition).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.items[0].repetition.value).to eq("2")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "complex_aggregate_initializer_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::AggregateInitializer)
+          expect(x.items).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.items.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.items[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.items[0].operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::ADDITION)
+          expect(x.items[0].operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.items[0].operand1.value).to eq("4")
+          expect(x.items[0].operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.items[0].operand2.value).to eq("2")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "complex_repeated_aggregate_initializer_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::AggregateInitializer)
+          expect(x.items).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.items.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.items[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::AggregateItem)
+          expect(x.items[0].expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.items[0].expression.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::ADDITION)
+          expect(x.items[0].expression.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.items[0].expression.operand1.value).to eq("4")
+          expect(x.items[0].expression.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.items[0].expression.operand2.value).to eq("2")
+          expect(x.items[0].repetition).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.items[0].repetition.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::ADDITION)
+          expect(x.items[0].repetition.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.items[0].repetition.operand1.value).to eq("4")
+          expect(x.items[0].repetition.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.items[0].repetition.operand2.value).to eq("2")
+        end
+
+        # function call or entity constructor expressions
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "call_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Call)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("parameter_function")
+          expect(x.parameters).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.parameters.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.parameters[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.parameters[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        # reference expressions
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "simple_reference_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.id).to eq("test")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "group_reference_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::GroupReference)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("test")
+          expect(x.entity).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.entity.id).to eq("test2")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "index_reference_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::IndexReference)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("test")
+          expect(x.index1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.index1.value).to eq("1")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "index2_reference_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::IndexReference)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("test")
+          expect(x.index1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.index1.value).to eq("1")
+          expect(x.index2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.index2.value).to eq("9")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "attribute_reference_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::AttributeReference)
+          expect(x.ref).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.ref.id).to eq("test")
+          expect(x.attribute).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.attribute.id).to eq("test2")
+        end
+
+        # interval expressions
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "lt_lt_interval_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Interval)
+          expect(x.low).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.low.value).to eq("1")
+          expect(x.operator1).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::LESS_THAN)
+          expect(x.item).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.item.value).to eq("5")
+          expect(x.operator2).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::LESS_THAN)
+          expect(x.high).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.high.value).to eq("9")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "lte_lt_interval_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Interval)
+          expect(x.low).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.low.value).to eq("1")
+          expect(x.operator1).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::LESS_THAN_OR_EQUAL)
+          expect(x.item).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.item.value).to eq("5")
+          expect(x.operator2).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::LESS_THAN)
+          expect(x.high).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.high.value).to eq("9")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "lt_lte_interval_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Interval)
+          expect(x.low).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.low.value).to eq("1")
+          expect(x.operator1).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::LESS_THAN)
+          expect(x.item).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.item.value).to eq("5")
+          expect(x.operator2).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::LESS_THAN_OR_EQUAL)
+          expect(x.high).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.high.value).to eq("9")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "lte_lte_interval_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::Interval)
+          expect(x.low).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.low.value).to eq("1")
+          expect(x.operator1).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::LESS_THAN_OR_EQUAL)
+          expect(x.item).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.item.value).to eq("5")
+          expect(x.operator2).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::LESS_THAN_OR_EQUAL)
+          expect(x.high).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Integer)
+          expect(x.high.value).to eq("9")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "combine_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::COMBINE)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.operand1.id).to eq("test")
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.operand2.id).to eq("test2")
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "in_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::IN)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.operand1.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::AggregateInitializer)
+          expect(x.operand2.items).to be_instance_of(Array)
+          expect(x.operand2.items.count).to eq(1)
+          expect(x.operand2.items[0]).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.operand2.items[0].value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "like_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression)
+          expect(x.operator).to eq(Expressir::Model::Expressions::BinaryExpression::LIKE)
+          expect(x.operand1).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::String)
+          expect(x.operand1.value).to eq("xxx")
+          expect(x.operand2).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::String)
+          expect(x.operand2.value).to eq("xxx")
+        end
+
+        # query expressions
+        x.variables.find{|x| x.id == "query_expression"}.expression.tap do |x|
+          expect(x).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::QueryExpression)
+          expect(x.id).to eq("test")
+          expect(x.aggregate_source).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Expressions::SimpleReference)
+          expect(x.aggregate_source.id).to eq("test2")
+          expect(x.expression).to be_instance_of(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical)
+          expect(x.expression.value).to eq(Expressir::Model::Literals::Logical::TRUE)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def sample_file
+    @sample_file ||= Expressir.root_path.join(
+      "original", "examples", "syntax", "syntax.exp"
+    )
+  end
+end