exiftool_vendored 12.15.0 → 12.22.0

checksums.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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+  data.tar.gz: 90b7804c201830e6cacc5b28b9ba29ef4a5fff7bb6a1cb26db1fce970495769e
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data/bin/Changes

@@ -4,9 +4,103 @@ ExifTool Version History
 
 RSS feed: https://exiftool.org/rss.xml
 
-Note: The most recent production release is Version 12.15. (Other versions are
+Note: The most recent production release is Version 12.16. (Other versions are
 considered development releases, and are not uploaded to MetaCPAN.)
 
+Mar. 17, 2021 - Version 12.22
+
+  - Added a few new Sony LensTypes and a new SonyModelID (thanks Jos Roost and
+    LibRaw)
+  - Added Extra BaseName tag
+  - Added a new CanonModelID (thanks LibRaw)
+  - Decode timed GPS from unlisted programs in M2TS videos with the -ee3 option
+  - Decode more Sony rtmd tags
+  - Decode some tags for the Sony ILME-FX3 (thanks Jos Roost)
+  - Allow negative values to be written to XMP-aux:LensID
+  - Recognize HEVC video program in M2TS files
+  - Enhanced -b option so --b suppresses tags with binary data
+  - Improved flexibility when writing GPS coordinates:
+      - Now pulls latitude and longitude from a combined GPSCoordinates string
+      - Recognizes the full word "South" and "West" to write negative coordinates
+  - Improved warning when trying to write an integer QuickTime date/time tag and
+    Time::Local is not available
+  - Convert GPSSpeed from mph to km/h in timed GPS from Garmin MP4 videos
+
+Feb. 24, 2021 - Version 12.21
+
+  - Added a few new iOS QuickTime tags
+  - Decode a couple more Sony rtmd tags
+  - Patch to avoid possible "Use of uninitialized value" warning when attempting
+    to write QuickTime date/time tags with an invalid value
+  - Fixed problem writing Microsoft Xtra tags
+  - Fixed Windows daylight savings time patch for file times that was broken in
+    12.19 (however directory times will not yet handle DST properly)
+
+Feb. 23, 2021 - Version 12.20
+
+  - Added ability to write some Microsoft Xtra tags in MOV/MP4 videos
+  - Added two new Canon LensType values (thanks Norbert Wasser)
+  - Added a new Nikon LensID
+  - Fixed problem reading FITS comments that start before column 11
+
+Feb. 18, 2021 - Version 12.19
+
+  - Added -list_dir option
+  - Added the "ls-l" Shortcut tag
+  - Extract Comment and History from FITS files
+  - Enhanced FilePermissions to include device type (similar to "ls -l")
+  - Changed the name of Apple ContentIdentifier tag to MediaGroupUUID
+    (thanks Neal Krawetz)
+  - Fixed a potential "substr outside of string" runtime error when reading
+    corrupted EXIF
+  - Fixed edge case where NikonScanIFD may not be copied properly when copying
+    MakerNotes to another file
+  - API Changes:
+      - Added ability to read/write System tags of directories
+      - Enhanced GetAllGroups() to support family 7 and take optional ExifTool
+        reference
+      - Changed QuickTimeHandler option default to 1
+
+Feb. 9, 2021 - Version 12.18
+
+  - Added a new SonyModelID
+  - Decode a number of Sony tags for the ILCE-1 (thanks Jos Roost)
+  - Decode a couple of new Canon tags (thanks LibRaw)
+  - Patched to read differently formatted UserData:Keywords as written by iPhone
+  - Patched to tolerate out-of-order Nikon MakerNote IFD entries when obtaining
+    tags necessary for decryption
+  - Fixed a few possible Condition warnings for some NikonSettings tags
+
+Feb. 3, 2021 - Version 12.17
+
+  - Added a new Canon FocusMode value
+  - Added a new FujiFilm FilmMode value
+  - Added a number of new XMP-crs tags (thanks Herb)
+  - Decode a new H264 MDPM tag
+  - Allow non-conforming lower-case XMP boolean "true" and "false" values to be
+    written, but only when print conversion is disabled
+  - Improved Validate option to warn about non-capitalized boolean XMP values
+  - Improved logic for setting GPSLatitude/LongitudeRef values when writing
+  - Changed -json and -php options so the -a option is implied even without the
+    -g option
+  - Avoid extracting audio/video data from AVI videos when -ee -u is used
+  - Patched decoding of Canon ContinuousShootingSpeed for newer firmware
+    versions of the EOS-1DXmkIII
+  - Re-worked LensID patch of version 12.00 (github issue #51)
+  - Fixed a few typos in newly-added NikonSettings tags (thanks Herb)
+  - Fixed problem where group could not be specified for PNG-pHYs tags when
+    writing
+
+Jan. 21, 2021 - Version 12.16 (production release)
+
+  - Extract another form of video subtitle text
+  - Enhanced -ee option with -ee2 and -ee3 to allow parsing of the H264 video
+    stream in MP4 files
+  - Changed a Nikon FlashMode value
+  - Fixed problem that caused a failed DPX test on Strawberry Perl
+  - API Changes:
+      - Enhanced ExtractEmbedded option
+
 Jan. 18, 2021 - Version 12.15 (production release)
 
   - Added a couple of new Sony LensType values (thanks LibRaw and Jos Roost)
@@ -212,7 +306,7 @@ July 27, 2020 - Version 12.02
   - Improved decoding of some Canon EOS 1DXmkIII custom functions
   - Allow integer QuickTime TrackNumber and DiskNumber values
   - Relax validity check of QuickTime:ContentCreateDate when writing with -n
-  - Removed "Com" from the start of some unknown ItemList tag names
+  - Removed "Com" from the start of some unknown QuickTime ItemList tag names
   - Patched CanonCustom decoding for bug in Canon EOS-1DX firmware
   - Changed QuickTime CleanAperture tags decode as signed rationals
 

data/bin/MANIFEST

@@ -759,6 +759,7 @@ t/QuickTime_12.out
 t/QuickTime_13.out
 t/QuickTime_14.out
 t/QuickTime_15.out
+t/QuickTime_16.out
 t/QuickTime_2.out
 t/QuickTime_3.out
 t/QuickTime_4.out

data/bin/META.json

@@ -47,5 +47,5 @@
       }
    },
    "release_status" : "stable",
-   "version" : "12.15"
+   "version" : "12.22"
 }

data/bin/META.yml

@@ -28,4 +28,4 @@ recommends:
   Time::HiRes: 0
 requires:
   perl: 5.004
-version: 12.15
+version: 12.22

data/bin/README

@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ your home directory, then you would type the following commands in a
 terminal window to extract and run ExifTool:
 
   cd ~/Desktop
-  gzip -dc Image-ExifTool-12.15.tar.gz | tar -xf -
-  cd Image-ExifTool-12.15
+  gzip -dc Image-ExifTool-12.22.tar.gz | tar -xf -
+  cd Image-ExifTool-12.22
   ./exiftool t/images/ExifTool.jpg
 
 Note:  These commands extract meta information from one of the test images. 

data/bin/config_files/example.config

@@ -165,14 +165,7 @@
         # specified, then at least one of the Desire'd tags must exist.  See
         # the Composite table in Image::ExifTool::Exif for more examples,
         # and lib/Image/ExifTool/README for all of the details.
-        BaseName => {
-            Require => {
-                0 => 'FileName',
-            },
-            # remove the extension from FileName
-            ValueConv => '$val[0] =~ /(.*)\./ ? $1 : $val[0]',
-        },
-        # the next few examples demonstrate simplifications which may be
+        # The first few examples demonstrate simplifications which may be
         # used if only one tag is Require'd or Desire'd:
         # 1) the Require lookup may be replaced with a simple tag name
         # 2) "$val" may be used to represent "$val[0]" in the expression

data/bin/exiftool

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 use strict;
 require 5.004;
 
-my $version = '12.15';
+my $version = '12.22';
 
 # add our 'lib' directory to the include list BEFORE 'use Image::ExifTool'
 my $exeDir;
@@ -159,14 +159,17 @@ my $forcePrint;     # string to use for missing tag values (undef to not print t
 my $helped;         # flag to avoid printing help if no tags specified
 my $html;           # flag for html-formatted output (2=html dump)
 my $interrupted;    # flag set if CTRL-C is pressed during a critical process
+my $isBinary;       # true if value is a SCALAR ref
 my $isWriting;      # flag set if we are writing tags
 my $joinLists;      # flag set to join list values into a single string
 my $json;           # flag for JSON/PHP output format (1=JSON, 2=PHP)
 my $langOpt;        # language option
+my $listDir;        # treat a directory as a regular file
 my $listItem;       # item number for extracting single item from a list
 my $listSep;        # list item separator (', ' by default)
 my $mt;             # main ExifTool object
 my $multiFile;      # non-zero if we are scanning multiple files
+my $noBinary;       # flag set to ignore binary tags
 my $outFormat;      # -1=Canon format, 0=same-line, 1=tag names, 2=values only
 my $outOpt;         # output file or directory name
 my $overwriteOrig;  # flag to overwrite original file (1=overwrite, 2=in place)
@@ -203,7 +206,6 @@ my $validFile;      # flag indicating we processed a valid file
 my $verbose;        # verbose setting
 my $vout;           # verbose output file reference (\*STDOUT or \*STDERR)
 my $windowTitle;    # title for console window
-my $isBinary;       # true if value is a SCALAR ref
 my $xml;            # flag for XML-formatted output
 
 # flag to keep the input -@ argfile open:
@@ -474,6 +476,7 @@ undef $joinLists;
 undef $langOpt;
 undef $listItem;
 undef $multiFile;
+undef $noBinary;
 undef $outOpt;
 undef $preserveTime;
 undef $progress;
@@ -691,7 +694,7 @@ for (;;) {
         } else { # 'g(\d*)'
             # list all groups in specified family
             my $family = $2 || 0;
-            PrintTagList("Groups in family $family", GetAllGroups($family));
+            PrintTagList("Groups in family $family", $mt->GetAllGroups($family));
         }
         next;
     }
@@ -792,7 +795,11 @@ for (;;) {
         next;
     }
     /^arg(s|format)$/i and $argFormat = 1, next;
-    /^b(inary)?$/i and $mt->Options(Binary => 1, NoPDFList => 1), $binaryOutput = 1, next;
+    if (/^(-?)b(inary)?$/i) {
+        ($binaryOutput, $noBinary) = $1 ? (undef, 1) : (1, undef);
+        $mt->Options(Binary => $binaryOutput, NoPDFList => $binaryOutput);
+        next;
+    }
     if (/^c(oordFormat)?$/i) {
         my $fmt = shift;
         $fmt or Error("Expecting coordinate format for -c option\n"), $badCmd=1, next;
@@ -876,6 +883,7 @@ for (;;) {
     }
     (/^D$/ or $a eq 'decimal') and $showTagID = 'D', next;
     /^delete_original(!?)$/i and $deleteOrig = ($1 ? 2 : 1), next;
+    /^list_dir$/i and $listDir = 1, next;
     (/^e$/ or $a eq '-composite') and $mt->Options(Composite => 0), next;
     (/^-e$/ or $a eq 'composite') and $mt->Options(Composite => 1), next;
     (/^E$/ or $a eq 'escapehtml') and require Image::ExifTool::HTML and $escapeHTML = 1, next;
@@ -894,8 +902,8 @@ for (;;) {
         $helped = 1;
         next;
     }
-    if (/^(ee|extractembedded)$/i) {
-        $mt->Options(ExtractEmbedded => 1);
+    if (/^(ee|extractembedded)(\d*)$/i) {
+        $mt->Options(ExtractEmbedded => $2 || 1);
         $mt->Options(Duplicates => 1);
         next;
     }
@@ -1264,7 +1272,7 @@ for (;;) {
     if (/^php$/i) {
         $json = 2;
         $html = $xml = 0;
-        $mt->Options(Duplicates=>1);
+        $mt->Options(Duplicates => 1);
         next;
     }
     if (/^z(ip)?$/i) {
@@ -1505,7 +1513,6 @@ if ($xml) {
         require Image::ExifTool::XMP if $json == 1;  # (for EncodeBase64)
     }
     $mt->Options(List => 1) unless $joinLists;
-    $mt->Options(Duplicates => 0) unless defined $showGroup;
     $showTagID = 'D' if $tabFormat and not $showTagID;
 } elsif ($structOpt) {
     $mt->Options(List => 1);
@@ -2271,6 +2278,7 @@ TAG:    foreach $tag (@foundTags) {
                     next unless $$et{REQ_TAG_LOOKUP}{$lcTag};
                 }
                 $val = ConvertBinary($val); # convert SCALAR references
+                next unless defined $val;
                 if ($structOpt) {
                     # serialize structure if necessary
                     $val = Image::ExifTool::XMP::SerializeStruct($val) unless $xml or $json;
@@ -2304,7 +2312,7 @@ TAG:    foreach $tag (@foundTags) {
                 $group = $et->GetGroup($tag, $showGroup);
                 # look ahead to see if this tag may suppress a priority tag in
                 # the same group, and if so suppress this tag instead
-                next if $noDups and $tag =~ /^(.*?) ?\(/ and defined $$info{$1} and
+                next if $noDups and $tag =~ /^(.*?) \(/ and defined $$info{$1} and
                         $group eq $et->GetGroup($1, $showGroup);
                 $group = 'Unknown' if not $group and ($xml or $json or $csv);
                 if ($fp and not ($allGroup or $csv)) {
@@ -2327,6 +2335,9 @@ TAG:    foreach $tag (@foundTags) {
                     }
                     undef $group;   # undefine so we don't print it below
                 }
+            } elsif ($noDups) {
+                # don't allow duplicates, but avoid suppressing the priority tag
+                next if $tag =~ /^(.*?) \(/ and defined $$info{$1};
             }
 
             ++$lineCount;           # we are printing something meaningful
@@ -2706,7 +2717,7 @@ sub SetImageInfo($$$)
                 return 0;
             }
         }
-        if (not $isStdout and ($et->IsDirectory($outfile) or $outfile =~ /\/$/)) {
+        if (not $isStdout and (($et->IsDirectory($outfile) and not $listDir) or $outfile =~ /\/$/)) {
             $outfile .= '/' unless $outfile =~ /\/$/;
             my $name = $file;
             $name =~ s/^.*\///s;    # remove directory name
@@ -2909,6 +2920,10 @@ sub SetImageInfo($$$)
         unless (defined $tmpFile) {
             # count the number of tags and pseudo-tags we are writing
             my ($numSet, $numPseudo) = $et->CountNewValues();
+            if ($numSet != $numPseudo and $et->IsDirectory($file)) {
+                print $vout "Can't write real tags to a directory - $infile\n" if defined $verbose;
+                $numSet = $numPseudo;
+            }
             if ($et->Exists($file)) {
                 unless ($numSet) {
                     # no need to write if no tags set
@@ -3393,20 +3408,25 @@ sub AddGroups($$$$)
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Convert binary data (SCALAR references) for printing
 # Inputs: 0) object reference
-# Returns: converted object
+# Returns: converted object, or undef if we don't want binary objects
 sub ConvertBinary($)
 {
     my $obj = shift;
     my ($key, $val);
     if (ref $obj eq 'HASH') {
         foreach $key (keys %$obj) {
-            $$obj{$key} = ConvertBinary($$obj{$key}) if ref $$obj{$key};
+            next unless ref $$obj{$key};
+            $$obj{$key} = ConvertBinary($$obj{$key});
+            return undef unless defined $$obj{$key};
         }
     } elsif (ref $obj eq 'ARRAY') {
         foreach $val (@$obj) {
-            $val = ConvertBinary($val) if ref $val;
+            next unless ref $val;
+            $val = ConvertBinary($val);
+            return undef unless defined $val;
         }
     } elsif (ref $obj eq 'SCALAR') {
+        return undef if $noBinary;
         # (binaryOutput flag is set to 0 for binary mode of XML/PHP/JSON output formats)
         if (defined $binaryOutput) {
             $obj = $$obj;
@@ -3583,7 +3603,7 @@ sub ProcessFiles($;$)
             ++$progressCount;
             $progStr = " [$progressCount/$progressMax]" if $progress;
         }
-        if ($et->IsDirectory($file)) {
+        if ($et->IsDirectory($file) and not $listDir) {
             $multiFile = $validFile = 1;
             ScanDir($et, $file, $list);
         } elsif ($filterFlag and not AcceptFile($file)) {
@@ -4573,7 +4593,7 @@ L<Processing control|/Processing control>
 
   -a          (-duplicates)        Allow duplicate tags to be extracted
   -e          (--composite)        Do not generate composite tags
-  -ee         (-extractEmbedded)   Extract information from embedded files
+  -ee[NUM]    (-extractEmbedded)   Extract information from embedded files
   -ext[+] EXT (-extension)         Process files with specified extension
   -F[OFFSET]  (-fixBase)           Fix the base for maker notes offsets
   -fast[NUM]                       Increase speed when extracting metadata
@@ -4622,6 +4642,7 @@ L<Advanced options|/Advanced options>
   -echo[NUM] TEXT                  Echo text to stdout or stderr
   -efile[NUM][!] ERRFILE           Save names of files with errors
   -execute[NUM]                    Execute multiple commands on one line
+  -list_dir                        List directories, not their contents
   -srcfile FMT                     Process a different source file
   -stay_open FLAG                  Keep reading -@ argfile even after EOF
   -userParam PARAM[[^]=[VAL]]      Set user parameter (API UserParam opt)
@@ -4917,7 +4938,7 @@ and the value is written to all possible groups/tags.  For example, the
 string form must be used in the following command since the intent is to set
 the value of all existing date/time tags from C<CreateDate>:
 
-    exiftool "-time:all<$createdate" -wm w FILE
+    exiftool '-time:all<$createdate' -wm w FILE
 
 =item B<-x> I<TAG> (B<-exclude>)
 
@@ -4930,7 +4951,7 @@ documentation above for a complete description.
 =head3 Input-output text formatting
 
 Note that trailing spaces are removed from extracted values for most output
-text formats.  The exceptions are C<-b>, C<-csv>, C<-j> and C<-X>.
+text formats.  The exceptions are B<-b>, B<-csv>, B<-j> and B<-X>.
 
 =over 5
 
@@ -4943,7 +4964,7 @@ between images, but allows the metadata to be altered by editing the
 intermediate file (C<out.args> in this example):
 
     exiftool -args -G1 --filename --directory src.jpg > out.args
-    exiftool -@ out.args -sep ", " dst.jpg
+    exiftool -@ out.args -sep ', ' dst.jpg
 
 Note:  Be careful when copying information with this technique since it is
 easy to write tags which are normally considered "unsafe".  For instance,
@@ -4956,17 +4977,21 @@ maintain separate list items when writing metadata back to image files, and
 the B<-struct> option may be used when extracting to preserve structured XMP
 information.
 
-=item B<-b> (B<-binary>)
+=item B<-b>, B<--b> (B<-binary>, B<--binary>)
 
-Output requested metadata in binary format without tag names or
-descriptions.  This option is mainly used for extracting embedded images or
-other binary data, but it may also be useful for some text strings since
-control characters (such as newlines) are not replaced by '.' as they are in
-the default output.  By default, list items are separated by a newline when
-extracted with the B<-b> option, but this may be changed (see the B<-sep>
-option for details).  May be combined with C<-j>, C<-php> or C<-X> to
-extract binary data in JSON, PHP or XML format, but note that "unsafe" tags
-must be specified explicitly to be extracted as binary in these formats.
+Output requested metadata in binary format without tag names or descriptions
+(B<-b> or B<-binary>).  This option is mainly used for extracting embedded
+images or other binary data, but it may also be useful for some text strings
+since control characters (such as newlines) are not replaced by '.' as they
+are in the default output.  By default, list items are separated by a
+newline when extracted with the B<-b> option, but this may be changed (see
+the B<-sep> option for details).  May be combined with B<-j>, B<-php> or
+B<-X> to extract binary data in JSON, PHP or XML format, but note that
+"unsafe" tags must be specified explicitly to be extracted as binary in
+these formats.
+
+With a leading double dash (B<--b> or B<--binary>), tags which contain
+binary data are suppressed in the output when reading.
 
 =item B<-c> I<FMT> (B<-coordFormat>)
 
@@ -5207,18 +5232,18 @@ JSON arrays unless B<-sep> is used.  By default XMP structures are flattened
 into individual tags in the JSON output, but the original structure may be
 preserved with the B<-struct> option (this also causes all list-type XMP
 tags to be output as JSON arrays, otherwise single-item lists would be
-output as simple strings).  The B<-a> option is implied if the B<-g> or
-B<-G> options are used, otherwise it is ignored and tags with identical
-JSON names are suppressed. (B<-g4> may be used to ensure that all tags have
-unique JSON names.)  Adding the B<-D> or B<-H> option changes tag values to
-JSON objects with "val" and "id" fields, and adding B<-l> adds a "desc"
-field, and a "num" field if the numerical value is different from the
-converted "val".  The B<-b> option may be added to output binary data,
-encoded in base64 if necessary (indicated by ASCII "base64:" as the first 7
-bytes of the value), and B<-t> may be added to include tag table information
-(see B<-t> for details).  The JSON output is UTF-8 regardless of any B<-L>
-or B<-charset> option setting, but the UTF-8 validation is disabled if a
-character set other than UTF-8 is specified.
+output as simple strings).  The B<-a> option is implied when B<-json> is
+used, but entries with identical JSON names are suppressed in the output. 
+(B<-G4> may be used to ensure that all tags have unique JSON names.)  Adding
+the B<-D> or B<-H> option changes tag values to JSON objects with "val" and
+"id" fields, and adding B<-l> adds a "desc" field, and a "num" field if the
+numerical value is different from the converted "val".  The B<-b> option may
+be added to output binary data, encoded in base64 if necessary (indicated by
+ASCII "base64:" as the first 7 bytes of the value), and B<-t> may be added
+to include tag table information (see B<-t> for details).  The JSON output
+is UTF-8 regardless of any B<-L> or B<-charset> option setting, but the
+UTF-8 validation is disabled if a character set other than UTF-8 is
+specified.
 
 If I<JSONFILE> is specified, the file is imported and the tag definitions
 from the file are used to set tag values on a per-file basis.  The special
@@ -5367,7 +5392,7 @@ with this command:
 
 produces output like this:
 
-    -- Generated by ExifTool 12.15 --
+    -- Generated by ExifTool 12.22 --
     File: a.jpg - 2003:10:31 15:44:19
     (f/5.6, 1/60s, ISO 100)
     File: b.jpg - 2006:05:23 11:57:38
@@ -5527,18 +5552,18 @@ Notes:
 argument like C<%d%f.txt> is written as C<%%d%%f.txt>.
 
 2) If the argument for B<-w> does not contain a valid format code (eg. %f),
-then it is interpreted as a file extension.  It is not possible to specify a
-simple filename as an argument -- creating a single output file from
-multiple source files is typically done by shell redirection, ie)
+then it is interpreted as a file extension, but there are three different
+ways to create a single output file from multiple source files:
 
+    # 1. Shell redirection
     exiftool FILE1 FILE2 ... > out.txt
 
-But if necessary, an empty format code may be used to force the argument to
-be interpreted as a format string, and the same result may be obtained
-without the use of shell redirection:
-
+    # 2. With the -w option and a zero-width format code
     exiftool -w+! %0fout.txt FILE1 FILE2 ...
 
+    # 3. With the -W option (see the -W option below)
+    exiftool -W+! out.txt FILE1 FILE2 ...
+
 Advanced features:
 
 A substring of the original file name, directory or extension may be taken
@@ -5706,7 +5731,7 @@ when copying.
 
 Extract existing tags only -- don't generate composite tags.
 
-=item B<-ee> (B<-extractEmbedded>)
+=item B<-ee>[I<NUM>] (B<-extractEmbedded>)
 
 Extract information from embedded documents in EPS files, embedded EPS
 information and JPEG and Jpeg2000 images in PDF files, embedded MPF images
@@ -5724,6 +5749,12 @@ document as if it were a separate input file.  This allows, for example,
 generation of GPS track logs from timed metadata in videos.  See
 L<https://exiftool.org/geotag.html#Inverse> for examples.
 
+Setting I<NUM> to 2 causes the H264 video stream in MP4 videos to be parsed
+until the first Supplemental Enhancement Information (SEI) message is
+decoded, or 3 to parse the entire H624 stream and decode all SEI
+information.  For M2TS videos, a setting of 3 causes the entire file to be
+parsed in search of unlisted programs which may contain timed GPS.
+
 =item B<-ext>[+] I<EXT>, B<--ext> I<EXT> (B<-extension>)
 
 Process only files with (B<-ext>) or without (B<--ext>) a specified
@@ -5811,10 +5842,10 @@ Ignore specified directory name.  I<DIR> may be either an individual folder
 name, or a full path.  If a full path is specified, it must match the
 Directory tag exactly to be ignored.  Use multiple B<-i> options to ignore
 more than one directory name.  A special I<DIR> value of C<SYMLINKS> (case
-sensitive) may be specified to ignore symbolic links when the B<-r> option
-is used.  As well, a value of C<HIDDEN> (case sensitive) may be used to
-ignore files with names that start with a "." (ie. hidden files on Unix
-systems) when scanning a directory.
+sensitive) may be specified to avoid recursing into directories which are
+symbolic links when the B<-r> option is used.  As well, a value of C<HIDDEN>
+(case sensitive) may be used to ignore files with names that start with a
+"." (ie. hidden files on Unix systems) when scanning a directory.
 
 =item B<-if>[I<NUM>] I<EXPR>
 
@@ -6240,7 +6271,7 @@ As a convenience, C<-use MWG> is assumed if the C<MWG> group is specified
 for any tag on the command line.  See the L<MWG Tags
 documentation|Image::ExifTool::TagNames/MWG Tags> for more details.  Note
 that this option is not reversible, and remains in effect until the
-application terminates, even across the C<-execute> option.
+application terminates, even across the B<-execute> option.
 
 =back
 
@@ -6344,6 +6375,20 @@ line.  I<NUM> is an optional number that is echoed in the "{ready}" message
 when using the B<-stay_open> feature.  If a I<NUM> is specified, the B<-q>
 option no longer suppresses the output "{readyNUM}" message.
 
+=item B<-list_dir>
+
+List directories themselves instead of their contents.  This option
+effectively causes directories to be treated as normal files when reading
+and writing.  For example, with this option the output of the C<ls -la>
+command on Mac/Linux may be approximated by this exiftool command:
+
+    exiftool -list_dir -T -ls-l -api systemtags -fast5 .* *
+
+(The B<-T> option formats the output in tab-separated columns, B<-ls-l> is a
+L<shortcut tag|Image::ExifTool::Shortcuts>, the API SystemTags option is
+required to extract some necessary tags, and the B<-fast5> option is added
+for speed since only system tags are being extracted.)
+
 =item B<-srcfile> I<FMT>
 
 Specify a different source file to be processed based on the name of the
@@ -6391,7 +6436,7 @@ buffered output.)  ExifTool will then execute the command with the arguments
 received up to this point, send a "{ready}" message to stdout when done
 (unless the B<-q> or B<-T> option is used), and continue trying to read
 arguments for the next command from I<ARGFILE>.  To aid in command/response
-synchronization, any number appended to the C<-execute> option is echoed in
+synchronization, any number appended to the B<-execute> option is echoed in
 the "{ready}" message.  For example, C<-execute613> results in "{ready613}". 
 When this number is added, B<-q> no longer suppresses the "{ready}" message.
 (Also, see the B<-echo3> and B<-echo4> options for additional ways to pass
@@ -6526,8 +6571,8 @@ complete list).  Setting this triggers the use of Windows wide-character i/o
 routines, thus providing support for most Unicode file names (see note 4). 
 But note that it is not trivial to pass properly encoded file names on the
 Windows command line (see L<https://exiftool.org/faq.html#Q18> for details),
-so placing them in a UTF-8 encoded B<-@> argfile and using C<-charset
-filename=utf8> is recommended if possible.
+so placing them in a UTF-8 encoded B<-@> argfile and using
+C<-charset filename=utf8> is recommended if possible.
 
 A warning is issued if a specified filename contains special characters and
 the filename character set was not provided.  However, the warning may be
@@ -6601,7 +6646,7 @@ Print all meta information in an image, including duplicate and unknown
 tags, sorted by group (for family 1).  For performance reasons, this command
 may not extract all available metadata.  (Metadata in embedded documents,
 metadata extracted by external utilities, and metadata requiring excessive
-processing time may not be extracted).  Add C<-ee> and C<-api RequestAll=3>
+processing time may not be extracted).  Add C<-ee3> and C<-api RequestAll=3>
 to the command to extract absolutely everything available.
 
 =item exiftool -common dir
@@ -6670,7 +6715,7 @@ L<Image::ExifTool::TagNames|Image::ExifTool::TagNames>).
 Print one line of output containing the file name and DateTimeOriginal for
 each image in directory C<dir>.
 
-=item exiftool -ee -p '$gpslatitude, $gpslongitude, $gpstimestamp' a.m2ts
+=item exiftool -ee3 -p '$gpslatitude, $gpslongitude, $gpstimestamp' a.m2ts
 
 Extract all GPS positions from an AVCHD video.