evoasm 0.0.2.pre7 → 0.1.0.pre2

data/ext/evoasm_ext/libevoasm/src/evoasm-pop-params.h

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 Julian Aron Prenner <jap@polyadic.com>
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "evoasm-domain.h"
+#include "evoasm-param.h"
+#include "evoasm.h"
+
+typedef float evoasm_loss_t;
+
+#include "evoasm-program.h"
+#include "evoasm-program-io.h"
+
+#define EVOASM_POP_PARAMS_MAX_PARAMS 32
+
+typedef enum {
+  EVOASM_POP_PARAMS_ERROR_CODE_INVALID
+} evoasm_pop_params_error_code_t;
+
+typedef struct evoasm_pop_params_s {
+  evoasm_param_id_t param_ids[EVOASM_POP_PARAMS_MAX_PARAMS];
+  evoasm_domain_t *domains[EVOASM_POP_PARAMS_MAX_PARAMS];
+  uint8_t n_params;
+
+  uint16_t n_demes;
+  uint16_t library_size;
+  uint16_t deme_size;
+  uint16_t kernel_size;
+  uint16_t program_size;
+  uint16_t min_module_size;
+  uint16_t max_module_size;
+  float mut_rate;
+  float evap_rate;
+
+  uint8_t depth;
+  evoasm_prng_state_t seed;
+  uint32_t recur_limit;
+  uint16_t n_insts;
+  evoasm_program_io_t *program_input;
+  evoasm_program_io_t *program_output;
+  evoasm_inst_id_t inst_ids[EVOASM_X64_INST_NONE];
+} evoasm_pop_params_t;
+
+bool
+evoasm_pop_params_validate(evoasm_pop_params_t *pop_params);

data/ext/evoasm_ext/libevoasm/src/evoasm-pop.c

@@ -0,0 +1,1323 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 Julian Aron Prenner
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#include "evoasm-pop.h"
+#include "evoasm-signal.h"
+#include "evoasm-util.h"
+#include "evoasm-program.h"
+#include "evoasm-error.h"
+
+#ifdef _OPENMP
+
+#  include <omp.h>
+#include <gen/evoasm-x64-params.h>
+
+#endif
+
+EVOASM_DEF_LOG_TAG("pop")
+
+#define EVOASM_DEME_MIN_LOSS_SAMPLES 8
+#define EVOASM_DEME_MAX_LOSS_SAMPLES 16
+
+#define EVOASM_DEME_INDIV_OFF(deme, row, indiv_idx) \
+  ((size_t)((row) * (size_t)(deme)->params->deme_size + (indiv_idx)))
+
+#define EVOASM_DEME_LOSS_SAMPLE_OFF(deme, row, indiv_idx, sample_idx) \
+  (EVOASM_DEME_INDIV_OFF(deme, row, indiv_idx) * EVOASM_DEME_MAX_LOSS_SAMPLES + (sample_idx))
+
+/* first sample is replaced with median loss after update */
+#define EVOASM_DEME_LOSS_OFF(deme, row, indiv_idx) \
+  EVOASM_DEME_LOSS_SAMPLE_OFF(deme, row, indiv_idx, 0)
+
+#define EVOASM_DEME_PROGRAMS_ROW(deme) ((deme)->params->program_size)
+
+#define EVOASM_DEME_PROGRAM_POS_OFF_(program_size, program_idx, pos) \
+  (((program_idx) * (size_t)(program_size) + (pos)))
+
+#define EVOASM_DEME_PROGRAM_POS_OFF(deme, program_idx, pos) \
+  EVOASM_DEME_PROGRAM_POS_OFF_((deme)->params->program_size, program_idx, pos)
+
+#define EVOASM_DEME_KERNEL_INST_OFF_(deme_size, kernel_size, pos, kernel_idx, inst_idx) \
+  ((((pos) * (deme_size) + (kernel_idx)) * (kernel_size) + (inst_idx)))
+
+#define EVOASM_DEME_KERNEL_INST_OFF(deme, pos, kernel_idx, inst_idx) \
+  EVOASM_DEME_KERNEL_INST_OFF_((deme)->params->deme_size, (deme)->params->kernel_size, pos, kernel_idx, inst_idx)
+
+#define EVOASM_DEME_N_INDIVS(deme) ((evoasm_pop_params_get_deme_height((deme)->params)) * (deme)->params->deme_size)
+
+static evoasm_success_t
+evoasm_pop_loss_data_init(evoasm_pop_loss_data_t *loss_data, size_t n_indivs) {
+  EVOASM_TRY_ALLOC(error, aligned_calloc, loss_data->samples, EVOASM_CACHE_LINE_SIZE,
+                   n_indivs * EVOASM_DEME_MAX_LOSS_SAMPLES,
+                   sizeof(evoasm_loss_t));
+
+  EVOASM_TRY_ALLOC(error, aligned_calloc, loss_data->counters, EVOASM_CACHE_LINE_SIZE,
+                   n_indivs,
+                   sizeof(uint8_t));
+
+  return true;
+error:
+  return false;
+}
+
+static void
+evoasm_pop_loss_data_destroy(evoasm_pop_loss_data_t *loss_data) {
+  evoasm_free(loss_data->samples);
+  evoasm_free(loss_data->counters);
+}
+
+static evoasm_success_t
+evoasm_pop_program_data_init(evoasm_pop_program_data_t *program_data, size_t n_pos) {
+
+  EVOASM_TRY_ALLOC(error, aligned_calloc, program_data->jmp_offs, EVOASM_CACHE_LINE_SIZE,
+                   n_pos,
+                   sizeof(int16_t));
+  EVOASM_TRY_ALLOC(error, aligned_calloc, program_data->jmp_cond, EVOASM_CACHE_LINE_SIZE,
+                   n_pos,
+                   sizeof(uint8_t));
+
+  return true;
+
+error:
+  return false;
+}
+
+static void
+evoasm_pop_program_data_destroy(evoasm_pop_program_data_t *program_data) {
+  evoasm_free(program_data->jmp_offs);
+  evoasm_free(program_data->jmp_cond);
+}
+
+static evoasm_success_t
+evoasm_pop_kernel_data_init(evoasm_pop_kernel_data_t *kernel_data,
+                            evoasm_arch_id_t arch_id,
+                            size_t n_insts) {
+
+
+  EVOASM_TRY_ALLOC(error, aligned_calloc, kernel_data->insts, EVOASM_CACHE_LINE_SIZE,
+                   n_insts,
+                   sizeof(evoasm_inst_id_t));
+
+  switch(arch_id) {
+    case EVOASM_ARCH_X64:
+      EVOASM_TRY_ALLOC(error, aligned_calloc, kernel_data->params.x64, EVOASM_CACHE_LINE_SIZE,
+                       n_insts,
+                       sizeof(evoasm_x64_basic_params_t));
+      break;
+    default:
+      evoasm_assert_not_reached();
+  }
+  return true;
+
+error:
+  return false;
+}
+
+static void
+evoasm_pop_kernel_data_destroy(evoasm_pop_kernel_data_t *kernel_data) {
+  evoasm_free(kernel_data->insts);
+  evoasm_free(kernel_data->params.data);
+}
+
+static evoasm_success_t
+evoasm_pop_module_data_init(evoasm_pop_module_data_t *module_data, size_t n) {
+  EVOASM_TRY(error, evoasm_pop_program_data_init, &module_data->program_data, n);
+
+  EVOASM_TRY_ALLOC(error, aligned_calloc, module_data->sizes, EVOASM_CACHE_LINE_SIZE,
+                   n,
+                   sizeof(uint16_t));
+  EVOASM_TRY_ALLOC(error, aligned_calloc, module_data->pheromones, EVOASM_CACHE_LINE_SIZE,
+                   n,
+                   sizeof(float));
+  return true;
+error:
+  return false;
+}
+
+static void
+evoasm_pop_module_data_destroy(evoasm_pop_module_data_t *module_data) {
+  evoasm_pop_program_data_destroy(&module_data->program_data);
+  evoasm_free(module_data->pheromones);
+  evoasm_free(module_data->sizes);
+}
+
+static inline size_t
+evoasm_pop_params_get_deme_height_(evoasm_pop_params_t *params) {
+  size_t height = params->program_size;
+  if(params->program_size > 1) return height + 1;
+  return height;
+}
+
+size_t
+evoasm_pop_params_get_deme_height(evoasm_pop_params_t *params) {
+  return evoasm_pop_params_get_deme_height_(params);
+}
+
+static void
+evoasm_deme_destroy(evoasm_deme_t *deme) {
+  EVOASM_TRY_WARN(evoasm_program_destroy, &deme->program);
+  evoasm_prng_destroy(&deme->prng);
+  evoasm_free(deme->blessed_indiv_idxs);
+  evoasm_free(deme->doomed_indiv_idxs);
+  evoasm_free(deme->error_counters);
+  evoasm_free(deme->top_losses);
+
+  evoasm_pop_kernel_data_destroy(&deme->kernel_data);
+  evoasm_pop_loss_data_destroy(&deme->loss_data);
+
+  evoasm_pop_kernel_data_destroy(&deme->best_kernel_data);
+
+  if(deme->params->program_size > 1) {
+    evoasm_pop_program_data_destroy(&deme->best_program_data);
+    evoasm_pop_program_data_destroy(&deme->parent_program_data);
+    evoasm_pop_program_data_destroy(&deme->program_data);
+  }
+
+  evoasm_pop_kernel_data_destroy(&deme->parent_kernel_data);
+}
+
+void
+evoasm_pop_destroy(evoasm_pop_t *pop) {
+  evoasm_free(pop->domains);
+
+  for(int i = 0; i < pop->params->n_demes; i++) {
+    evoasm_deme_destroy(&pop->demes[i]);
+  }
+  evoasm_free(pop->demes);
+  evoasm_free(pop->summary_losses);
+
+  evoasm_pop_module_data_destroy(&pop->module_data);
+}
+
+static evoasm_success_t
+evoasm_deme_init(evoasm_deme_t *deme,
+                 evoasm_arch_id_t arch_id,
+                 evoasm_pop_params_t *params,
+                 evoasm_prng_state_t *seed,
+                 evoasm_domain_t *domains) {
+
+  size_t n_examples = EVOASM_PROGRAM_INPUT_N_TUPLES(params->program_input);
+  static evoasm_deme_t zero_deme = {0};
+
+  *deme = zero_deme;
+  deme->n_examples = (uint16_t) n_examples;
+  deme->arch_id = arch_id;
+  deme->params = params;
+  deme->domains = domains;
+
+  evoasm_prng_init(&deme->prng, seed);
+
+  EVOASM_TRY_ALLOC(error, aligned_calloc, deme->blessed_indiv_idxs, EVOASM_CACHE_LINE_SIZE, params->deme_size,
+                   sizeof(uint16_t));
+
+  EVOASM_TRY_ALLOC(error, aligned_calloc, deme->doomed_indiv_idxs, EVOASM_CACHE_LINE_SIZE, params->deme_size,
+                   sizeof(uint16_t));
+
+  EVOASM_TRY(error, evoasm_program_init, &deme->program,
+             evoasm_get_arch_info(arch_id),
+             params->program_size,
+             params->kernel_size,
+             n_examples,
+             params->recur_limit,
+             true);
+
+  if(params->program_size > 1) {
+    EVOASM_TRY(error, evoasm_pop_program_data_init, &deme->program_data,
+               (size_t) params->deme_size * params->kernel_size);
+
+    EVOASM_TRY(error, evoasm_pop_program_data_init, &deme->parent_program_data,
+               2u * params->program_size);
+
+    EVOASM_TRY(error, evoasm_pop_program_data_init, &deme->best_program_data, params->program_size);
+  }
+
+  EVOASM_TRY(error, evoasm_pop_kernel_data_init, &deme->parent_kernel_data, arch_id,
+             2u * params->kernel_size);
+
+  size_t n_indivs = EVOASM_DEME_N_INDIVS(deme);
+  size_t height = evoasm_pop_params_get_deme_height_(deme->params);
+
+  EVOASM_TRY(error, evoasm_pop_kernel_data_init, &deme->kernel_data, arch_id,
+             (size_t) params->program_size * params->deme_size * params->kernel_size);
+  EVOASM_TRY(error, evoasm_pop_loss_data_init, &deme->loss_data, n_indivs);
+
+  EVOASM_TRY(error, evoasm_pop_kernel_data_init, &deme->best_kernel_data, arch_id,
+             (size_t) (params->program_size * params->kernel_size));
+
+
+  deme->best_loss = INFINITY;
+
+  EVOASM_TRY_ALLOC(error, aligned_calloc, deme->top_losses, EVOASM_CACHE_LINE_SIZE,
+                   height,
+                   sizeof(evoasm_loss_t));
+
+  for(size_t i = 0; i < height; i++) {
+    deme->top_losses[i] = INFINITY;
+  }
+
+  EVOASM_TRY_ALLOC(error, aligned_calloc, deme->error_counters, (size_t) n_examples, EVOASM_CACHE_LINE_SIZE,
+                   sizeof(uint64_t));
+  deme->error_counter = 0;
+
+  return true;
+
+error:
+  return false;
+}
+
+evoasm_success_t
+evoasm_pop_init_domains(evoasm_pop_t *pop) {
+  size_t i, j, k;
+  evoasm_domain_t cloned_domain;
+
+  evoasm_pop_params_t *params = pop->params;
+
+  size_t domains_len = (size_t) (params->n_insts * params->n_params);
+  pop->domains = evoasm_calloc(domains_len,
+                               sizeof(evoasm_domain_t));
+
+  if(!pop->domains) goto fail;
+
+  for(i = 0; i < params->n_insts; i++) {
+    evoasm_x64_inst_t *inst = evoasm_x64_inst_((evoasm_x64_inst_id_t) params->inst_ids[i]);
+    for(j = 0; j < params->n_params; j++) {
+      evoasm_domain_t *inst_domain = &pop->domains[i * params->n_params + j];
+      evoasm_param_id_t param_id = params->param_ids[j];
+      for(k = 0; k < inst->n_params; k++) {
+        evoasm_param_t *param = &inst->params[k];
+        if(param->id == param_id) {
+          evoasm_domain_t *user_domain = params->domains[param_id];
+          if(user_domain != NULL) {
+            if(evoasm_domain_is_empty(user_domain)) goto empty_domain;
+
+            evoasm_domain_clone(user_domain, &cloned_domain);
+            evoasm_domain_intersect(&cloned_domain, param->domain, inst_domain);
+            if(evoasm_domain_is_empty(inst_domain)) goto empty_domain;
+          } else {
+            evoasm_domain_clone(param->domain, inst_domain);
+          }
+          goto found;
+        }
+      }
+      /* not found */
+      inst_domain->type = EVOASM_DOMAIN_TYPE_NONE;
+found:;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /*
+  for(i = 0; i < domains_len; i++) {
+    evoasm_domain_log(&pop->domains[i], EVOASM_LOG_LEVEL_WARN);
+  }*/
+
+  return true;
+
+fail:
+  return false;
+
+empty_domain:
+  evoasm_error(EVOASM_ERROR_TYPE_POP, EVOASM_ERROR_CODE_NONE,
+               "Empty domain");
+  return false;
+}
+
+evoasm_success_t
+evoasm_pop_init(evoasm_pop_t *pop,
+                evoasm_arch_id_t arch_id,
+                evoasm_pop_params_t *params) {
+  static evoasm_pop_t zero_pop = {0};
+  evoasm_prng_t seed_prng;
+
+  *pop = zero_pop;
+
+  pop->params = params;
+
+  if(!evoasm_pop_params_validate(params)) goto error;
+
+#ifdef _OPENMP
+  {
+    int max_threads;
+    max_threads = omp_get_max_threads();
+    omp_set_dynamic(0);
+    int n_threads = EVOASM_MIN(max_threads, params->n_demes);
+    omp_set_num_threads(n_threads);
+    evoasm_log_info("Using OpenMP with %d threads", n_threads);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  evoasm_prng_init(&seed_prng, &params->seed);
+
+  EVOASM_TRY(error, evoasm_pop_init_domains, pop);
+  EVOASM_TRY(error, evoasm_pop_module_data_init, &pop->module_data, params->library_size);
+
+  EVOASM_TRY_ALLOC(error, aligned_calloc, pop->demes, EVOASM_CACHE_LINE_SIZE, (size_t) params->n_demes,
+                   sizeof(evoasm_deme_t));
+
+  for(int i = 0; i < params->n_demes; i++) {
+    evoasm_prng_state_t seed;
+
+    for(int j = 0; j < EVOASM_PRNG_SEED_LEN; j++) {
+      seed.data[j] = evoasm_prng_rand64_(&seed_prng);
+    }
+
+    EVOASM_TRY(error, evoasm_deme_init,
+               &pop->demes[i],
+               arch_id,
+               params,
+               &seed,
+               pop->domains);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+
+error:
+  evoasm_pop_destroy(pop);
+  return false;
+}
+
+static void
+evoasm_deme_seed_kernel_param_x64(evoasm_deme_t *deme, evoasm_inst_id_t *inst_id_ptr,
+                                  evoasm_x64_basic_params_t *params_ptr) {
+  evoasm_pop_params_t *params = deme->params;
+  size_t n_params = params->n_params;
+  evoasm_prng_t *prng = &deme->prng;
+
+  size_t inst_idx = (size_t) evoasm_prng_rand_between_(prng, 0, params->n_insts - 1);
+  evoasm_inst_id_t inst_id = params->inst_ids[inst_idx];
+
+  *inst_id_ptr = inst_id;
+
+  /* set parameters */
+  for(size_t i = 0; i < n_params; i++) {
+    evoasm_domain_t *domain = &deme->domains[inst_idx * n_params + i];
+    if(domain->type < EVOASM_DOMAIN_TYPE_NONE) {
+      evoasm_x64_param_id_t param_id = (evoasm_x64_param_id_t) deme->params->param_ids[i];
+      evoasm_param_val_t param_val;
+
+      param_val = (int64_t) evoasm_domain_rand_(domain, prng);
+      evoasm_x64_basic_params_set_(params_ptr, param_id, param_val);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void
+evoasm_deme_seed_kernel_inst(evoasm_deme_t *deme,
+                             size_t pos,
+                             size_t kernel_idx,
+                             size_t inst_idx) {
+
+  size_t kernel_inst_off = EVOASM_DEME_KERNEL_INST_OFF(deme, pos, kernel_idx, inst_idx);
+
+  evoasm_pop_kernel_data_t *kernel_data = &deme->kernel_data;
+  evoasm_inst_id_t *insts_ptr = &kernel_data->insts[kernel_inst_off];
+
+  switch(deme->arch_id) {
+    case EVOASM_ARCH_X64: {
+      evoasm_x64_basic_params_t *params_ptr = &kernel_data->params.x64[kernel_inst_off];
+      evoasm_deme_seed_kernel_param_x64(deme, insts_ptr, params_ptr);
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      evoasm_assert_not_reached();
+  }
+}
+
+static void
+evoasm_deme_seed_kernel(evoasm_deme_t *deme, size_t pos, size_t kernel_idx) {
+  for(size_t i = 0; i < deme->params->kernel_size; i++) {
+    evoasm_deme_seed_kernel_inst(deme, pos, kernel_idx, i);
+  }
+}
+
+static void
+evoasm_deme_seed_program_pos(evoasm_deme_t *deme,
+                             size_t program_idx,
+                             size_t pos) {
+
+  size_t program_pos_off = EVOASM_DEME_PROGRAM_POS_OFF(deme, program_idx, pos);
+  evoasm_pop_program_data_t *program_data = &deme->program_data;
+  evoasm_prng_t *prng = &deme->prng;
+  size_t program_size = deme->params->program_size;
+
+  program_data->jmp_cond[program_pos_off] =
+      (uint8_t) evoasm_prng_rand8_(prng);
+
+  program_data->jmp_offs[program_pos_off] =
+      (int16_t) (evoasm_prng_rand_between_(prng, 0, (int64_t) (program_size - 1)) - (int64_t) (program_size / 2));
+}
+
+static void
+evoasm_deme_seed_program(evoasm_deme_t *deme,
+                         size_t program_idx) {
+  for(size_t i = 0; i < deme->params->program_size; i++) {
+    evoasm_deme_seed_program_pos(deme, program_idx, i);
+  }
+}
+
+static void
+evoasm_deme_seed(evoasm_deme_t *deme) {
+  if(deme->params->program_size > 1) {
+    for(size_t i = 0; i < deme->params->deme_size; i++) {
+      evoasm_deme_seed_program(deme, i);
+    }
+  }
+
+  for(size_t i = 0; i < deme->params->program_size; i++) {
+    for(size_t j = 0; j < deme->params->deme_size; j++) {
+      evoasm_deme_seed_kernel(deme, i, j);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+evoasm_success_t
+evoasm_pop_seed(evoasm_pop_t *pop) {
+
+#pragma omp parallel for
+  for(size_t i = 0; i < pop->params->n_demes; i++) {
+    evoasm_deme_seed(&pop->demes[i]);
+  }
+  pop->seeded = true;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void
+evoasm_deme_load_program_(evoasm_deme_t *deme,
+                          evoasm_program_t *program,
+                          evoasm_pop_program_data_t *program_data,
+                          evoasm_pop_kernel_data_t *kernel_data,
+                          size_t program_idx,
+                          size_t *kernel_idxs,
+                          size_t deme_size) {
+
+  size_t program_size = deme->params->program_size;
+  size_t kernel_size = deme->params->kernel_size;
+
+  for(size_t i = 0; i < program_size; i++) {
+    size_t kernel_idx = kernel_idxs[i];
+    size_t inst0_off = EVOASM_DEME_KERNEL_INST_OFF_(deme_size, kernel_size, i, kernel_idx, 0);
+    evoasm_kernel_t *kernel = &program->kernels[i];
+
+    if(program->shallow) {
+      kernel->insts = &kernel_data->insts[inst0_off];
+    } else {
+      EVOASM_MEMCPY_N(kernel->insts,
+                      &kernel_data->insts[inst0_off], kernel->size);
+    }
+
+    switch(deme->arch_id) {
+      case EVOASM_ARCH_X64:
+        if(program->shallow) {
+          kernel->params.x64 = &kernel_data->params.x64[inst0_off];
+        } else {
+          EVOASM_MEMCPY_N(kernel->params.x64,
+                          &kernel_data->params.x64[inst0_off], kernel->size);
+        }
+        break;
+      default:
+        evoasm_assert_not_reached();
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(program_size > 1) {
+    for(size_t i = 0; i < program_size; i++) {
+      size_t program_pos_off = EVOASM_DEME_PROGRAM_POS_OFF_(program_size, program_idx, i);
+      program->jmp_offs[i] = program_data->jmp_offs[program_pos_off];
+      program->jmp_conds[i] = program_data->jmp_cond[program_pos_off];
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static inline void
+evoasm_deme_load_program(evoasm_deme_t *deme,
+                         evoasm_program_t *program,
+                         evoasm_pop_program_data_t *program_data,
+                         evoasm_pop_kernel_data_t *kernel_data,
+                         size_t program_idx,
+                         size_t *kernel_idxs) {
+
+  evoasm_deme_load_program_(deme, program, program_data,
+                            kernel_data, program_idx, kernel_idxs,
+                            deme->params->deme_size);
+}
+
+
+static evoasm_success_t
+evoasm_deme_eval_program(evoasm_deme_t *deme, evoasm_program_t *program, evoasm_loss_t *ret_loss) {
+  evoasm_pop_params_t *params = deme->params;
+
+  //bool prepare, bool emit_kernels, bool emit_io_load_store, bool set_io_mapping
+  evoasm_program_emit_flags_t emit_flags =
+      EVOASM_PROGRAM_EMIT_FLAG_PREPARE |
+      EVOASM_PROGRAM_EMIT_FLAG_EMIT_KERNELS |
+      EVOASM_PROGRAM_EMIT_FLAG_EMIT_IO_LOAD_STORE |
+      EVOASM_PROGRAM_EMIT_FLAG_SET_IO_MAPPING;
+
+  if(!evoasm_program_emit(program, params->program_input, emit_flags)) {
+    *ret_loss = INFINITY;
+
+    if(evoasm_last_error.code == EVOASM_PROGRAM_ERROR_CODE_NO_OUTPUT) {
+      /* do not abort on this error, instead just let loss be infinity */
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  *ret_loss = evoasm_program_eval(program, params->program_output);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void
+evoasm_deme_register_loss_sample(evoasm_deme_t *deme, size_t row, size_t indiv_idx, evoasm_loss_t loss) {
+  size_t indiv_off = EVOASM_DEME_INDIV_OFF(deme, row, indiv_idx);
+  size_t sample_counter = deme->loss_data.counters[indiv_off];
+
+  if(sample_counter < EVOASM_DEME_MAX_LOSS_SAMPLES) {
+    size_t sample_off = EVOASM_DEME_LOSS_SAMPLE_OFF(deme, row, indiv_idx, sample_counter);
+    deme->loss_data.samples[sample_off] = loss;
+    deme->loss_data.counters[indiv_off]++;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static evoasm_deme_t *
+evoasm_pop_find_best_deme(evoasm_pop_t *pop) {
+  evoasm_deme_t *best_deme = &pop->demes[0];
+  evoasm_loss_t best_loss = best_deme->best_loss;
+
+  for(size_t i = 1; i < pop->params->n_demes; i++) {
+    evoasm_deme_t *deme = &pop->demes[i];
+    if(deme->best_loss < best_loss) {
+      best_loss = deme->best_loss;
+      best_deme = deme;
+    }
+  }
+  return best_deme;
+}
+
+evoasm_success_t
+evoasm_pop_load_best_program(evoasm_pop_t *pop, evoasm_program_t *program) {
+
+  evoasm_deme_t *best_deme = evoasm_pop_find_best_deme(pop);
+  evoasm_pop_params_t *params = best_deme->params;
+
+  EVOASM_TRY(error, evoasm_program_init, program,
+             evoasm_get_arch_info(best_deme->arch_id),
+             params->program_size,
+             params->kernel_size,
+             best_deme->n_examples,
+             params->recur_limit,
+             false);
+
+  size_t program_idx = 0;
+  size_t kernel_idxs[EVOASM_PROGRAM_MAX_SIZE] = {0};
+
+  evoasm_deme_load_program_(best_deme,
+                            program,
+                            &best_deme->best_program_data,
+                            &best_deme->best_kernel_data,
+                            program_idx,
+                            kernel_idxs,
+                            1);
+
+
+  program->_input = *params->program_input;
+  program->_output = *params->program_output;
+  program->_input.len = 0;
+  program->_output.len = 0;
+
+  evoasm_program_emit_flags_t emit_flags =
+      EVOASM_PROGRAM_EMIT_FLAG_PREPARE |
+      EVOASM_PROGRAM_EMIT_FLAG_EMIT_KERNELS |
+      EVOASM_PROGRAM_EMIT_FLAG_EMIT_IO_LOAD_STORE |
+      EVOASM_PROGRAM_EMIT_FLAG_SET_IO_MAPPING;
+
+  EVOASM_TRY(error, evoasm_program_emit, program, params->program_input, emit_flags);
+
+  evoasm_signal_set_exception_mask(program->exception_mask);
+  evoasm_loss_t loss = evoasm_program_eval(program, params->program_output);
+  assert(loss == best_deme->best_loss);
+  evoasm_signal_clear_exception_mask();
+
+  return true;
+
+error:
+  return false;
+}
+
+static evoasm_success_t
+evoasm_deme_test_program(evoasm_deme_t *deme, size_t program_idx, size_t *kernel_idxs, evoasm_loss_t *ret_loss) {
+
+  evoasm_loss_t loss;
+  evoasm_program_t *program = &deme->program;
+  evoasm_pop_kernel_data_t *kernel_data = &deme->kernel_data;
+  evoasm_pop_program_data_t *program_data = &deme->program_data;
+
+  evoasm_deme_load_program(deme, program, program_data, kernel_data, program_idx, kernel_idxs);
+
+  EVOASM_TRY(error, evoasm_deme_eval_program, deme, program, &loss);
+
+  size_t program_size = deme->params->program_size;
+
+  for(size_t i = 0; i < program_size; i++) {
+    evoasm_deme_register_loss_sample(deme, i, kernel_idxs[i], loss);
+  }
+
+  if(program_size > 1) {
+    evoasm_deme_register_loss_sample(deme, EVOASM_DEME_PROGRAMS_ROW(deme),
+                                     program_idx, loss);
+  }
+
+  *ret_loss = loss;
+  return true;
+error:
+  return false;
+}
+
+
+static void
+evoasm_pop_program_data_copy(evoasm_pop_program_data_t *program_data,
+                             size_t off,
+                             evoasm_pop_program_data_t *dst,
+                             size_t dst_off,
+                             size_t len) {
+
+  memcpy(dst->jmp_offs + dst_off, program_data->jmp_offs + off,
+         sizeof(int16_t) * len);
+  memcpy(dst->jmp_cond + dst_off, program_data->jmp_cond + off,
+         sizeof(uint8_t) * len);
+}
+
+static evoasm_used void
+evoasm_pop_program_data_move(evoasm_pop_program_data_t *program_data,
+                             size_t src_off,
+                             size_t dst_off,
+                             size_t len) {
+
+  memmove(program_data->jmp_offs + dst_off, program_data->jmp_offs + src_off,
+          sizeof(int16_t) * len);
+  memmove(program_data->jmp_cond + dst_off, program_data->jmp_cond + src_off,
+          sizeof(uint8_t) * len);
+}
+
+
+static void
+evoasm_pop_kernel_data_copy(evoasm_pop_kernel_data_t *kernel_data,
+                            evoasm_arch_id_t arch_id,
+                            size_t off,
+                            evoasm_pop_kernel_data_t *dst,
+                            size_t dst_off,
+                            size_t len) {
+
+  memcpy(dst->insts + dst_off, kernel_data->insts + off,
+         sizeof(evoasm_inst_id_t) * len);
+
+  switch(arch_id) {
+    case EVOASM_ARCH_X64:
+      memcpy(dst->params.x64 + dst_off, kernel_data->params.x64 + off,
+             sizeof(evoasm_x64_basic_params_t) * len);
+      break;
+    default:
+      evoasm_assert_not_reached();
+  }
+}
+
+static evoasm_used void
+evoasm_pop_kernel_data_move(evoasm_pop_kernel_data_t *kernel_data,
+                            evoasm_arch_id_t arch_id,
+                            size_t src_off,
+                            size_t dst_off,
+                            size_t len) {
+
+  memmove(kernel_data->insts + dst_off, kernel_data->insts + src_off,
+          sizeof(evoasm_inst_id_t) * len);
+
+  switch(arch_id) {
+    case EVOASM_ARCH_X64:
+      memmove(kernel_data->params.x64 + dst_off, kernel_data->params.x64 + src_off,
+              sizeof(evoasm_x64_basic_params_t) * len);
+      break;
+    default:
+      evoasm_assert_not_reached();
+  }
+}
+
+static inline void
+evoasm_deme_update_best(evoasm_deme_t *deme, evoasm_loss_t loss, size_t program_idx, size_t *kernel_idxs) {
+
+  if(loss < deme->best_loss) {
+    size_t src_program_pos0_off = EVOASM_DEME_PROGRAM_POS_OFF(deme, program_idx, 0);
+    size_t dst_program_pos0_off = EVOASM_DEME_PROGRAM_POS_OFF_(deme->params->program_size, 0, 0);
+
+    size_t program_size = deme->params->program_size;
+    size_t kernel_size = deme->params->kernel_size;
+
+    evoasm_log_info("new best program loss: %g", loss);
+    evoasm_program_log(&deme->program, EVOASM_LOG_LEVEL_INFO);
+
+    deme->best_loss = loss;
+
+    if(program_size > 1) {
+      evoasm_pop_program_data_copy(&deme->program_data, src_program_pos0_off,
+                                   &deme->best_program_data, dst_program_pos0_off, program_size);
+    }
+
+    for(size_t k = 0; k < program_size; k++) {
+      size_t src_kernel_inst0_off = EVOASM_DEME_KERNEL_INST_OFF(deme, k, kernel_idxs[k], 0);
+      size_t dst_kernel_inst0_off = EVOASM_DEME_KERNEL_INST_OFF_(1, deme->params->kernel_size, k, 0, 0);
+
+      evoasm_pop_kernel_data_copy(&deme->kernel_data, deme->arch_id, src_kernel_inst0_off,
+                                  &deme->best_kernel_data, dst_kernel_inst0_off, kernel_size);
+
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static evoasm_success_t
+evoasm_deme_test_programs(evoasm_deme_t *deme) {
+  evoasm_prng_t *prng = &deme->prng;
+  size_t program_size = deme->params->program_size;
+
+  for(size_t i = 0; i < deme->params->deme_size; i++) {
+    for(size_t j = 0; j < EVOASM_DEME_MIN_LOSS_SAMPLES; j++) {
+      size_t kernel_idxs[EVOASM_PROGRAM_MAX_SIZE];
+      evoasm_loss_t loss;
+
+      for(size_t k = 0; k < program_size; k++) {
+        size_t kernel_idx = (size_t) evoasm_prng_rand_between_(prng, 0,
+                                                               deme->params->deme_size - 1);
+        kernel_idxs[k] = kernel_idx;
+      }
+
+      EVOASM_TRY(error, evoasm_deme_test_program, deme, i, kernel_idxs, &loss);
+      evoasm_deme_update_best(deme, loss, i, kernel_idxs);
+    }
+
+    assert(deme->loss_data.counters[EVOASM_DEME_INDIV_OFF(deme, EVOASM_DEME_PROGRAMS_ROW(deme), i)] ==
+           EVOASM_DEME_MIN_LOSS_SAMPLES);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+
+error:
+  return false;
+}
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+static evoasm_success_t
+evoasm_deme_test_kernels(evoasm_deme_t *deme) {
+
+  evoasm_prng_t *prng = &deme->prng;
+  size_t kernel_idxs[EVOASM_PROGRAM_MAX_SIZE];
+  size_t program_size = deme->params->program_size;
+
+  for(size_t i = 0; i < deme->params->program_size; i++) {
+    for(size_t j = 0; j < deme->params->deme_size; j++) {
+      size_t kernel_off = EVOASM_DEME_INDIV_OFF(deme, i, j);
+      size_t n_samples = deme->loss_data.counters[kernel_off];
+
+      for(size_t k = n_samples; k < EVOASM_DEME_MIN_LOSS_SAMPLES; k++) {
+        size_t program_idx;
+        evoasm_loss_t loss;
+
+        program_idx = (size_t) evoasm_prng_rand_between_(prng, 0, deme->params->deme_size - 1);
+
+        for(size_t l = 0; l < program_size; l++) {
+          size_t load_kernel_idx;
+
+          if(l == i) {
+            /* the current kernel */
+            load_kernel_idx = j;
+          } else {
+            /* some random other kernel */
+            load_kernel_idx = (size_t) evoasm_prng_rand_between_(prng, 0, deme->params->deme_size - 1);
+          }
+          kernel_idxs[l] = load_kernel_idx;
+        }
+        EVOASM_TRY(error, evoasm_deme_test_program, deme, program_idx, kernel_idxs, &loss);
+        evoasm_deme_update_best(deme, loss, program_idx, kernel_idxs);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+error:
+  return false;
+}
+
+#define EVOASM_SORT_PAIR(t, a, b) \
+do { \
+  t x = EVOASM_MIN(a, b); \
+  t y = EVOASM_MAX(a, b); \
+  (a) = x;\
+  (b) = y;\
+} while(0);
+
+typedef void (*evoasm_pop_loss_sort_func_t)(evoasm_loss_t *);
+
+static int evoasm_pop_loss_cmp_func(const void *a, const void *b) {
+  evoasm_loss_t loss_a = *(const evoasm_loss_t *) a;
+  evoasm_loss_t loss_b = *(const evoasm_loss_t *) b;
+  return (loss_a > loss_b) - (loss_a < loss_b);
+}
+
+#define EVOASM_POP_FIND_MEDIAN_RUN_LEN 8u
+
+static inline evoasm_loss_t
+evoasm_pop_find_median_loss_(evoasm_loss_t *losses, size_t len) {
+
+  evoasm_loss_t median;
+  assert(len >= EVOASM_DEME_MIN_LOSS_SAMPLES && len <= EVOASM_DEME_MAX_LOSS_SAMPLES);
+
+  size_t trunc_len = EVOASM_ALIGN_DOWN(len, EVOASM_POP_FIND_MEDIAN_RUN_LEN);
+  size_t n_runs = trunc_len / EVOASM_POP_FIND_MEDIAN_RUN_LEN;
+  size_t front_idxs[EVOASM_DEME_MAX_LOSS_SAMPLES / EVOASM_POP_FIND_MEDIAN_RUN_LEN] = {0};
+  evoasm_loss_t scratch[EVOASM_DEME_MAX_LOSS_SAMPLES / 2];
+
+  for(size_t i = 0; i < trunc_len; i += EVOASM_POP_FIND_MEDIAN_RUN_LEN) {
+    EVOASM_SORT_PAIR(evoasm_loss_t, losses[i + 0], losses[i + 1]);
+    EVOASM_SORT_PAIR(evoasm_loss_t, losses[i + 2], losses[i + 3]);
+    EVOASM_SORT_PAIR(evoasm_loss_t, losses[i + 0], losses[i + 2]);
+    EVOASM_SORT_PAIR(evoasm_loss_t, losses[i + 1], losses[i + 3]);
+    EVOASM_SORT_PAIR(evoasm_loss_t, losses[i + 1], losses[i + 2]);
+    EVOASM_SORT_PAIR(evoasm_loss_t, losses[i + 4], losses[i + 5]);
+    EVOASM_SORT_PAIR(evoasm_loss_t, losses[i + 6], losses[i + 7]);
+    EVOASM_SORT_PAIR(evoasm_loss_t, losses[i + 4], losses[i + 6]);
+    EVOASM_SORT_PAIR(evoasm_loss_t, losses[i + 5], losses[i + 7]);
+    EVOASM_SORT_PAIR(evoasm_loss_t, losses[i + 5], losses[i + 6]);
+    EVOASM_SORT_PAIR(evoasm_loss_t, losses[i + 0], losses[i + 4]);
+    EVOASM_SORT_PAIR(evoasm_loss_t, losses[i + 1], losses[i + 5]);
+    EVOASM_SORT_PAIR(evoasm_loss_t, losses[i + 1], losses[i + 4]);
+    EVOASM_SORT_PAIR(evoasm_loss_t, losses[i + 2], losses[i + 6]);
+    EVOASM_SORT_PAIR(evoasm_loss_t, losses[i + 3], losses[i + 7]);
+    EVOASM_SORT_PAIR(evoasm_loss_t, losses[i + 3], losses[i + 6]);
+    EVOASM_SORT_PAIR(evoasm_loss_t, losses[i + 2], losses[i + 4]);
+    EVOASM_SORT_PAIR(evoasm_loss_t, losses[i + 3], losses[i + 5]);
+    EVOASM_SORT_PAIR(evoasm_loss_t, losses[i + 3], losses[i + 4]);
+  }
+
+  switch(n_runs) {
+    case 1:
+      return losses[EVOASM_POP_FIND_MEDIAN_RUN_LEN / 2 - 1];
+    case 2: {
+      const size_t merge_len = 8;
+      for(size_t i = 0; i < merge_len; i++) {
+        size_t loss_off0 = 0 * EVOASM_POP_FIND_MEDIAN_RUN_LEN + front_idxs[0];
+        size_t loss_off1 = 1 * EVOASM_POP_FIND_MEDIAN_RUN_LEN + front_idxs[1];
+        evoasm_loss_t loss0 = losses[loss_off0];
+        evoasm_loss_t loss1 = losses[loss_off1];
+        evoasm_loss_t min_loss;
+        size_t min_run_idx;
+
+        if(loss0 < loss1) {
+          min_run_idx = 0;
+          min_loss = loss0;
+        } else {
+          min_run_idx = 1;
+          min_loss = loss1;
+        }
+        front_idxs[min_run_idx]++;
+        scratch[i] = min_loss;
+      }
+      median = scratch[merge_len - 1];
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      evoasm_assert_not_reached();
+  }
+
+#ifdef EVOASM_ENABLE_PARANOID_MODE
+  evoasm_loss_t median_;
+  qsort(losses, len, sizeof(evoasm_loss_t), evoasm_pop_loss_cmp_func);
+  median_ = losses[(len - 1) / 2];
+  assert(median == median_);
+#endif
+
+  return median;
+}
+
+evoasm_loss_t
+evoasm_pop_find_median_loss(evoasm_loss_t *losses, size_t len) {
+  return evoasm_pop_find_median_loss_(losses, len);
+}
+
+evoasm_loss_t
+evoasm_pop_get_best_loss(evoasm_pop_t *pop) {
+  evoasm_deme_t *best_deme = evoasm_pop_find_best_deme(pop);
+  return best_deme->best_loss;
+}
+
+static void
+evoasm_deme_eval_update(evoasm_deme_t *deme) {
+
+  evoasm_pop_loss_data_t *loss_data = &deme->loss_data;
+
+  size_t height = evoasm_pop_params_get_deme_height_(deme->params);
+
+  for(size_t i = 0; i < height; i++) {
+    deme->top_losses[i] = INFINITY;
+  }
+
+  for(size_t i = 0; i < height; i++) {
+    for(size_t j = 0; j < deme->params->deme_size; j++) {
+      size_t indiv_off = EVOASM_DEME_INDIV_OFF(deme, i, j);
+      size_t sample0_off = EVOASM_DEME_LOSS_SAMPLE_OFF(deme, i, j, 0);
+
+      evoasm_loss_t indiv_loss =
+          evoasm_pop_find_median_loss_(&loss_data->samples[sample0_off],
+                                       loss_data->counters[indiv_off]);
+
+      loss_data->samples[sample0_off] = indiv_loss;
+
+      if(indiv_loss < deme->top_losses[i]) {
+        evoasm_log_info("new top loss %zu: %f -> %f", i, deme->top_losses[i], indiv_loss);
+        deme->top_losses[i] = indiv_loss;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+size_t
+evoasm_pop_get_loss_samples(evoasm_pop_t *pop, size_t deme_idx, const evoasm_loss_t **losses) {
+  evoasm_deme_t *deme = &pop->demes[deme_idx];
+  size_t len = EVOASM_DEME_N_INDIVS(deme) * EVOASM_DEME_MAX_LOSS_SAMPLES;
+  *losses = deme->loss_data.samples;
+
+  return len;
+}
+
+static evoasm_success_t
+evoasm_deme_eval(evoasm_deme_t *deme) {
+  bool retval = true;
+
+  EVOASM_MEMSET_N(deme->loss_data.counters, 0, EVOASM_DEME_N_INDIVS(deme));
+  //EVOASM_MEMSET_N(deme->loss_data.samples, 0, EVOASM_DEME_N_INDIVS(deme) * EVOASM_DEME_MAX_LOSS_SAMPLES);
+
+  if(deme->params->program_size > 1) {
+    if(!evoasm_deme_test_programs(deme)) {
+      retval = false;
+      goto done;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(!evoasm_deme_test_kernels(deme)) {
+    retval = false;
+    goto done;
+  }
+
+  evoasm_deme_eval_update(deme);
+
+done:
+  return retval;
+}
+
+evoasm_success_t
+evoasm_pop_eval(evoasm_pop_t *pop) {
+  bool retval = true;
+  size_t n_demes = pop->params->n_demes;
+
+  if(!pop->seeded) {
+    retval = false;
+    evoasm_error(EVOASM_ERROR_TYPE_POP, EVOASM_ERROR_CODE_NONE,
+                 "not seeded");
+    goto done;
+  }
+
+  bool *retvals = evoasm_alloca(sizeof(bool) * n_demes);
+  evoasm_error_t *errors = evoasm_alloca(sizeof(evoasm_error_t) * n_demes);
+
+#pragma omp parallel for
+  for(size_t i = 0; i < n_demes; i++) {
+    retvals[i] = evoasm_deme_eval(&pop->demes[i]);
+    if(!retvals[i]) {
+      errors[i] = *evoasm_get_last_error();
+    }
+  }
+
+  for(size_t i = 0; i < n_demes; i++) {
+    if(!retvals[i]) {
+      evoasm_set_last_error(&errors[i]);
+      retval = false;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+done:
+  return retval;
+}
+
+
+static inline void
+evoasm_deme_select_indivs(evoasm_deme_t *deme, size_t row, bool programs) {
+  evoasm_pop_loss_data_t *loss_data = &deme->loss_data;
+  size_t n_doomed_indivs = 0;
+  size_t n_blessed_indivs = 0;
+  size_t deme_size = deme->params->deme_size;
+
+
+  size_t n = 1;
+  evoasm_loss_t avg_loss = 0.0;
+  for(size_t i = 0; i < deme_size; i++) {
+    evoasm_loss_t loss = loss_data->samples[EVOASM_DEME_LOSS_OFF(deme, row, i)];
+    if(!isinf(loss)) {
+      avg_loss += (loss - avg_loss) / (evoasm_loss_t) n;
+      n++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  avg_loss += 0.0001f;
+  for(size_t i = 0; i < deme_size; i++) {
+    evoasm_loss_t loss = loss_data->samples[EVOASM_DEME_LOSS_OFF(deme, row, i)];
+
+    if(loss > avg_loss) {
+      deme->doomed_indiv_idxs[n_doomed_indivs++] = (uint16_t) i;
+    } else {
+      deme->blessed_indiv_idxs[n_blessed_indivs++] = (uint16_t) i;
+    }
+  }
+
+  assert(n_blessed_indivs > 0);
+  assert(n_doomed_indivs > 0);
+
+  deme->n_blessed_indivs = (uint16_t) n_blessed_indivs;
+  deme->n_doomed_indivs = (uint16_t) n_doomed_indivs;
+}
+
+static size_t
+evoasm_deme_get_indiv_size(evoasm_deme_t *deme, bool programs) {
+  return programs ? deme->params->program_size : deme->params->kernel_size;
+}
+
+static evoasm_force_inline inline void
+evoasm_deme_combine_indivs(evoasm_deme_t *deme, size_t row, size_t idx, bool programs) {
+  evoasm_pop_loss_data_t *loss_data = &deme->loss_data;
+  evoasm_pop_program_data_t *program_data = &deme->program_data;
+  evoasm_pop_kernel_data_t *kernel_data = &deme->kernel_data;
+  evoasm_prng_t *prng = &deme->prng;
+
+  size_t indiv_size = evoasm_deme_get_indiv_size(deme, programs);
+
+  size_t parent_idxs[2] = {
+      deme->blessed_indiv_idxs[idx % deme->n_blessed_indivs],
+      deme->blessed_indiv_idxs[(idx + 1) % deme->n_blessed_indivs]
+  };
+
+  size_t child_idxs[2] = {
+      deme->doomed_indiv_idxs[idx],
+      deme->doomed_indiv_idxs[idx + 1]
+  };
+
+  /* rough estimate */
+  evoasm_loss_t child_loss = 0.5f * loss_data->samples[EVOASM_DEME_LOSS_OFF(deme, row, parent_idxs[0])]
+                           + 0.5f * loss_data->samples[EVOASM_DEME_LOSS_OFF(deme, row, parent_idxs[1])];
+
+  assert(isfinite(child_loss));
+
+  float crossover_point = evoasm_prng_randf_(prng);
+  size_t seg1_len = EVOASM_MAX(1u, (size_t) (crossover_point * (float) indiv_size));
+  size_t seg2_len = indiv_size - seg1_len;
+
+  for(size_t j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
+    loss_data->samples[EVOASM_DEME_LOSS_OFF(deme, row, child_idxs[j])] = child_loss;
+
+    if(programs) {
+      size_t parent_pos0_offs[] = {
+        EVOASM_DEME_PROGRAM_POS_OFF(deme, parent_idxs[j], 0),
+        EVOASM_DEME_PROGRAM_POS_OFF(deme, parent_idxs[1 - j], 0)
+      };
+
+      size_t child_pos0_off = EVOASM_DEME_PROGRAM_POS_OFF(deme, child_idxs[j], 0);
+
+      evoasm_pop_program_data_copy(program_data, parent_pos0_offs[0],
+                                   program_data, child_pos0_off, seg1_len);
+      evoasm_pop_program_data_copy(program_data, parent_pos0_offs[1] + seg1_len,
+                                   program_data, child_pos0_off + seg1_len, seg2_len);
+
+    } else {
+      size_t parent_inst0_offs [] = {
+          EVOASM_DEME_KERNEL_INST_OFF(deme, row, parent_idxs[j], 0),
+          EVOASM_DEME_KERNEL_INST_OFF(deme, row, parent_idxs[1 - j], 0)
+      };
+      size_t child_inst0_off = EVOASM_DEME_KERNEL_INST_OFF(deme, row, child_idxs[j], 0);
+
+      evoasm_pop_kernel_data_copy(kernel_data, deme->arch_id, parent_inst0_offs[0],
+                                  kernel_data, child_inst0_off, seg1_len);
+      evoasm_pop_kernel_data_copy(kernel_data, deme->arch_id, parent_inst0_offs[1] + seg1_len,
+                                  kernel_data, child_inst0_off + seg1_len, seg2_len);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static evoasm_force_inline inline void
+evoasm_deme_combine(evoasm_deme_t *deme, size_t row, bool programs) {
+  for(size_t i = 0; i < deme->n_doomed_indivs; i += 2) {
+    evoasm_deme_combine_indivs(deme, row, i, programs);
+  }
+}
+
+static inline void
+evoasm_deme_calc_summary(evoasm_deme_t *deme, evoasm_loss_t *summary_losses, evoasm_loss_t *summary) {
+  size_t deme_size = deme->params->deme_size;
+  evoasm_pop_loss_data_t *loss_data = &deme->loss_data;
+
+  size_t height = evoasm_pop_params_get_deme_height_(deme->params);
+
+  for(size_t i = 0; i < height; i++) {
+    size_t summary_off = i * 5;
+
+    for(size_t j = 0; j < deme_size; j++) {
+      size_t loss_off = EVOASM_DEME_LOSS_OFF(deme, i, j);
+      evoasm_loss_t loss = loss_data->samples[loss_off];
+      summary_losses[j] = loss;
+    }
+
+    qsort(summary_losses, deme_size, sizeof(evoasm_loss_t), evoasm_pop_loss_cmp_func);
+
+    for(size_t j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
+      summary[summary_off + j] = summary_losses[j * (deme_size - 1) / 4];
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#define EVOASM_DEME_SUMMARY_LEN(pop) (5 * (evoasm_pop_params_get_deme_height_(pop->params)))
+
+size_t
+evoasm_pop_summary_len(evoasm_pop_t *pop) {
+  return pop->params->n_demes * EVOASM_DEME_SUMMARY_LEN(pop);
+}
+
+evoasm_success_t
+evoasm_pop_calc_summary(evoasm_pop_t *pop, evoasm_loss_t *summary) {
+
+  const size_t deme_summary_len = EVOASM_DEME_SUMMARY_LEN(pop);
+
+  if(pop->summary_losses == NULL) {
+    pop->summary_losses = evoasm_calloc(pop->params->deme_size, sizeof(evoasm_loss_t));
+    if(!pop->summary_losses) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  for(size_t i = 0; i < pop->params->n_demes; i++) {
+    evoasm_deme_calc_summary(&pop->demes[i], pop->summary_losses, &summary[i * deme_summary_len]);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+#if 0
+size_t i;
+double scale = 1.0 / pop->params->size;
+double pop_loss = 0.0;
+*n_invalid = 0;
+for(i = 0; i < pop->params->size; i++) {
+  double loss = pop->top_losses[i];
+  if(loss != INFINITY) {
+    pop_loss += scale * loss;
+  } else {
+    (*n_invalid)++;
+  }
+}
+
+if(per_example) pop_loss /= pop->n_examples;
+#endif
+
+static evoasm_force_inline inline void
+evoasm_deme_mutate_indiv(evoasm_deme_t *deme, size_t row, size_t indiv_idx, bool program) {
+  evoasm_prng_t *prng = &deme->prng;
+  size_t indiv_size = evoasm_deme_get_indiv_size(deme, program);
+
+  if(evoasm_prng_randf_(prng) < deme->params->mut_rate) {
+    uint64_t r = evoasm_prng_rand64_(prng);
+    size_t elem_idx = (r % indiv_size);
+
+    if(program) {
+      evoasm_deme_seed_program_pos(deme, indiv_idx, elem_idx);
+    } else {
+      evoasm_deme_seed_kernel_inst(deme, row, indiv_idx, elem_idx);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static evoasm_force_inline inline void
+evoasm_deme_mutate(evoasm_deme_t *deme, size_t row, bool programs) {
+  for(size_t i = 0; i < deme->params->deme_size; i++) {
+    evoasm_deme_mutate_indiv(deme, row, i, programs);
+  }
+}
+
+static void
+evoasm_deme_next_gen(evoasm_deme_t *deme) {
+  for(size_t i = 0; i < deme->params->program_size; i++) {
+    evoasm_deme_select_indivs(deme, i, false);
+    evoasm_deme_combine(deme, i, false);
+    if(deme->params->mut_rate > 0) {
+      evoasm_deme_mutate(deme, i, false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(deme->params->program_size > 1) {
+    evoasm_deme_select_indivs(deme, EVOASM_DEME_PROGRAMS_ROW(deme), true);
+    evoasm_deme_combine(deme, EVOASM_DEME_PROGRAMS_ROW(deme), true);
+
+    if(deme->params->mut_rate > 0) {
+      evoasm_deme_mutate(deme, EVOASM_DEME_PROGRAMS_ROW(deme), true);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void
+evoasm_pop_next_gen(evoasm_pop_t *pop) {
+#pragma omp parallel for
+  for(size_t i = 0; i < pop->params->n_demes; i++) {
+    evoasm_deme_next_gen(&pop->demes[i]);
+  }
+}
+
+#if 0
+
+evoasm_pop_select(pop, blessed_indiv_idxs, pop->params->size);
+  {
+    double scale = 1.0 / pop->params->size;
+    double pop_loss = 0.0;
+    size_t n_inf = 0;
+    for(i = 0; i < pop->params->size; i++) {
+      double loss = pop->pop.top_losses[blessed_indiv_idxs[i]];
+      if(loss != INFINITY) {
+        pop_loss += scale * loss;
+      }
+      else {
+        n_inf++;
+      }
+    }
+
+    evoasm_log_info("pop selected loss: %g/%u", pop_loss, n_inf);
+  }
+
+  size_t i;
+  for(i = 0; i < pop->params->size; i++) {
+    evoasm_program_params_t *program_params = EVOASM_SEARCH_PROGRAM_PARAMS(pop, pop->pop.indivs, blessed_indiv_idxs[i]);
+    assert(program_params->size > 0);
+  }
+
+  return evoasm_pop_combine_parents(pop, blessed_indiv_idxs);
+}
+#endif
+
+EVOASM_DEF_ALLOC_FREE_FUNCS(pop)