es6-promise-rails 1.0.0 → 2.0.1

data/vendor/assets/javascripts/es6-promise.js

@@ -0,0 +1,966 @@
+/*!
+ * @overview es6-promise - a tiny implementation of Promises/A+.
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2014 Yehuda Katz, Tom Dale, Stefan Penner and contributors (Conversion to ES6 API by Jake Archibald)
+ * @license   Licensed under MIT license
+ *            See https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jakearchibald/es6-promise/master/LICENSE
+ * @version   2.0.0
+ */
+
+(function() {
+    "use strict";
+
+    function $$utils$$objectOrFunction(x) {
+      return typeof x === 'function' || (typeof x === 'object' && x !== null);
+    }
+
+    function $$utils$$isFunction(x) {
+      return typeof x === 'function';
+    }
+
+    function $$utils$$isMaybeThenable(x) {
+      return typeof x === 'object' && x !== null;
+    }
+
+    var $$utils$$_isArray;
+
+    if (!Array.isArray) {
+      $$utils$$_isArray = function (x) {
+        return Object.prototype.toString.call(x) === '[object Array]';
+      };
+    } else {
+      $$utils$$_isArray = Array.isArray;
+    }
+
+    var $$utils$$isArray = $$utils$$_isArray;
+    var $$utils$$now = Date.now || function() { return new Date().getTime(); };
+    function $$utils$$F() { }
+
+    var $$utils$$o_create = (Object.create || function (o) {
+      if (arguments.length > 1) {
+        throw new Error('Second argument not supported');
+      }
+      if (typeof o !== 'object') {
+        throw new TypeError('Argument must be an object');
+      }
+      $$utils$$F.prototype = o;
+      return new $$utils$$F();
+    });
+
+    var $$asap$$len = 0;
+
+    var $$asap$$default = function asap(callback, arg) {
+      $$asap$$queue[$$asap$$len] = callback;
+      $$asap$$queue[$$asap$$len + 1] = arg;
+      $$asap$$len += 2;
+      if ($$asap$$len === 2) {
+        // If len is 1, that means that we need to schedule an async flush.
+        // If additional callbacks are queued before the queue is flushed, they
+        // will be processed by this flush that we are scheduling.
+        $$asap$$scheduleFlush();
+      }
+    };
+
+    var $$asap$$browserGlobal = (typeof window !== 'undefined') ? window : {};
+    var $$asap$$BrowserMutationObserver = $$asap$$browserGlobal.MutationObserver || $$asap$$browserGlobal.WebKitMutationObserver;
+
+    // test for web worker but not in IE10
+    var $$asap$$isWorker = typeof Uint8ClampedArray !== 'undefined' &&
+      typeof importScripts !== 'undefined' &&
+      typeof MessageChannel !== 'undefined';
+
+    // node
+    function $$asap$$useNextTick() {
+      return function() {
+        process.nextTick($$asap$$flush);
+      };
+    }
+
+    function $$asap$$useMutationObserver() {
+      var iterations = 0;
+      var observer = new $$asap$$BrowserMutationObserver($$asap$$flush);
+      var node = document.createTextNode('');
+      observer.observe(node, { characterData: true });
+
+      return function() {
+        node.data = (iterations = ++iterations % 2);
+      };
+    }
+
+    // web worker
+    function $$asap$$useMessageChannel() {
+      var channel = new MessageChannel();
+      channel.port1.onmessage = $$asap$$flush;
+      return function () {
+        channel.port2.postMessage(0);
+      };
+    }
+
+    function $$asap$$useSetTimeout() {
+      return function() {
+        setTimeout($$asap$$flush, 1);
+      };
+    }
+
+    var $$asap$$queue = new Array(1000);
+
+    function $$asap$$flush() {
+      for (var i = 0; i < $$asap$$len; i+=2) {
+        var callback = $$asap$$queue[i];
+        var arg = $$asap$$queue[i+1];
+
+        callback(arg);
+
+        $$asap$$queue[i] = undefined;
+        $$asap$$queue[i+1] = undefined;
+      }
+
+      $$asap$$len = 0;
+    }
+
+    var $$asap$$scheduleFlush;
+
+    // Decide what async method to use to triggering processing of queued callbacks:
+    if (typeof process !== 'undefined' && {}.toString.call(process) === '[object process]') {
+      $$asap$$scheduleFlush = $$asap$$useNextTick();
+    } else if ($$asap$$BrowserMutationObserver) {
+      $$asap$$scheduleFlush = $$asap$$useMutationObserver();
+    } else if ($$asap$$isWorker) {
+      $$asap$$scheduleFlush = $$asap$$useMessageChannel();
+    } else {
+      $$asap$$scheduleFlush = $$asap$$useSetTimeout();
+    }
+
+    function $$$internal$$noop() {}
+    var $$$internal$$PENDING   = void 0;
+    var $$$internal$$FULFILLED = 1;
+    var $$$internal$$REJECTED  = 2;
+    var $$$internal$$GET_THEN_ERROR = new $$$internal$$ErrorObject();
+
+    function $$$internal$$selfFullfillment() {
+      return new TypeError("You cannot resolve a promise with itself");
+    }
+
+    function $$$internal$$cannotReturnOwn() {
+      return new TypeError('A promises callback cannot return that same promise.')
+    }
+
+    function $$$internal$$getThen(promise) {
+      try {
+        return promise.then;
+      } catch(error) {
+        $$$internal$$GET_THEN_ERROR.error = error;
+        return $$$internal$$GET_THEN_ERROR;
+      }
+    }
+
+    function $$$internal$$tryThen(then, value, fulfillmentHandler, rejectionHandler) {
+      try {
+        then.call(value, fulfillmentHandler, rejectionHandler);
+      } catch(e) {
+        return e;
+      }
+    }
+
+    function $$$internal$$handleForeignThenable(promise, thenable, then) {
+       $$asap$$default(function(promise) {
+        var sealed = false;
+        var error = $$$internal$$tryThen(then, thenable, function(value) {
+          if (sealed) { return; }
+          sealed = true;
+          if (thenable !== value) {
+            $$$internal$$resolve(promise, value);
+          } else {
+            $$$internal$$fulfill(promise, value);
+          }
+        }, function(reason) {
+          if (sealed) { return; }
+          sealed = true;
+
+          $$$internal$$reject(promise, reason);
+        }, 'Settle: ' + (promise._label || ' unknown promise'));
+
+        if (!sealed && error) {
+          sealed = true;
+          $$$internal$$reject(promise, error);
+        }
+      }, promise);
+    }
+
+    function $$$internal$$handleOwnThenable(promise, thenable) {
+      if (thenable._state === $$$internal$$FULFILLED) {
+        $$$internal$$fulfill(promise, thenable._result);
+      } else if (promise._state === $$$internal$$REJECTED) {
+        $$$internal$$reject(promise, thenable._result);
+      } else {
+        $$$internal$$subscribe(thenable, undefined, function(value) {
+          $$$internal$$resolve(promise, value);
+        }, function(reason) {
+          $$$internal$$reject(promise, reason);
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+    function $$$internal$$handleMaybeThenable(promise, maybeThenable) {
+      if (maybeThenable.constructor === promise.constructor) {
+        $$$internal$$handleOwnThenable(promise, maybeThenable);
+      } else {
+        var then = $$$internal$$getThen(maybeThenable);
+
+        if (then === $$$internal$$GET_THEN_ERROR) {
+          $$$internal$$reject(promise, $$$internal$$GET_THEN_ERROR.error);
+        } else if (then === undefined) {
+          $$$internal$$fulfill(promise, maybeThenable);
+        } else if ($$utils$$isFunction(then)) {
+          $$$internal$$handleForeignThenable(promise, maybeThenable, then);
+        } else {
+          $$$internal$$fulfill(promise, maybeThenable);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    function $$$internal$$resolve(promise, value) {
+      if (promise === value) {
+        $$$internal$$reject(promise, $$$internal$$selfFullfillment());
+      } else if ($$utils$$objectOrFunction(value)) {
+        $$$internal$$handleMaybeThenable(promise, value);
+      } else {
+        $$$internal$$fulfill(promise, value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    function $$$internal$$publishRejection(promise) {
+      if (promise._onerror) {
+        promise._onerror(promise._result);
+      }
+
+      $$$internal$$publish(promise);
+    }
+
+    function $$$internal$$fulfill(promise, value) {
+      if (promise._state !== $$$internal$$PENDING) { return; }
+
+      promise._result = value;
+      promise._state = $$$internal$$FULFILLED;
+
+      if (promise._subscribers.length === 0) {
+      } else {
+        $$asap$$default($$$internal$$publish, promise);
+      }
+    }
+
+    function $$$internal$$reject(promise, reason) {
+      if (promise._state !== $$$internal$$PENDING) { return; }
+      promise._state = $$$internal$$REJECTED;
+      promise._result = reason;
+
+      $$asap$$default($$$internal$$publishRejection, promise);
+    }
+
+    function $$$internal$$subscribe(parent, child, onFulfillment, onRejection) {
+      var subscribers = parent._subscribers;
+      var length = subscribers.length;
+
+      parent._onerror = null;
+
+      subscribers[length] = child;
+      subscribers[length + $$$internal$$FULFILLED] = onFulfillment;
+      subscribers[length + $$$internal$$REJECTED]  = onRejection;
+
+      if (length === 0 && parent._state) {
+        $$asap$$default($$$internal$$publish, parent);
+      }
+    }
+
+    function $$$internal$$publish(promise) {
+      var subscribers = promise._subscribers;
+      var settled = promise._state;
+
+      if (subscribers.length === 0) { return; }
+
+      var child, callback, detail = promise._result;
+
+      for (var i = 0; i < subscribers.length; i += 3) {
+        child = subscribers[i];
+        callback = subscribers[i + settled];
+
+        if (child) {
+          $$$internal$$invokeCallback(settled, child, callback, detail);
+        } else {
+          callback(detail);
+        }
+      }
+
+      promise._subscribers.length = 0;
+    }
+
+    function $$$internal$$ErrorObject() {
+      this.error = null;
+    }
+
+    var $$$internal$$TRY_CATCH_ERROR = new $$$internal$$ErrorObject();
+
+    function $$$internal$$tryCatch(callback, detail) {
+      try {
+        return callback(detail);
+      } catch(e) {
+        $$$internal$$TRY_CATCH_ERROR.error = e;
+        return $$$internal$$TRY_CATCH_ERROR;
+      }
+    }
+
+    function $$$internal$$invokeCallback(settled, promise, callback, detail) {
+      var hasCallback = $$utils$$isFunction(callback),
+          value, error, succeeded, failed;
+
+      if (hasCallback) {
+        value = $$$internal$$tryCatch(callback, detail);
+
+        if (value === $$$internal$$TRY_CATCH_ERROR) {
+          failed = true;
+          error = value.error;
+          value = null;
+        } else {
+          succeeded = true;
+        }
+
+        if (promise === value) {
+          $$$internal$$reject(promise, $$$internal$$cannotReturnOwn());
+          return;
+        }
+
+      } else {
+        value = detail;
+        succeeded = true;
+      }
+
+      if (promise._state !== $$$internal$$PENDING) {
+        // noop
+      } else if (hasCallback && succeeded) {
+        $$$internal$$resolve(promise, value);
+      } else if (failed) {
+        $$$internal$$reject(promise, error);
+      } else if (settled === $$$internal$$FULFILLED) {
+        $$$internal$$fulfill(promise, value);
+      } else if (settled === $$$internal$$REJECTED) {
+        $$$internal$$reject(promise, value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    function $$$internal$$initializePromise(promise, resolver) {
+      try {
+        resolver(function resolvePromise(value){
+          $$$internal$$resolve(promise, value);
+        }, function rejectPromise(reason) {
+          $$$internal$$reject(promise, reason);
+        });
+      } catch(e) {
+        $$$internal$$reject(promise, e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    function $$$enumerator$$makeSettledResult(state, position, value) {
+      if (state === $$$internal$$FULFILLED) {
+        return {
+          state: 'fulfilled',
+          value: value
+        };
+      } else {
+        return {
+          state: 'rejected',
+          reason: value
+        };
+      }
+    }
+
+    function $$$enumerator$$Enumerator(Constructor, input, abortOnReject, label) {
+      this._instanceConstructor = Constructor;
+      this.promise = new Constructor($$$internal$$noop, label);
+      this._abortOnReject = abortOnReject;
+
+      if (this._validateInput(input)) {
+        this._input     = input;
+        this.length     = input.length;
+        this._remaining = input.length;
+
+        this._init();
+
+        if (this.length === 0) {
+          $$$internal$$fulfill(this.promise, this._result);
+        } else {
+          this.length = this.length || 0;
+          this._enumerate();
+          if (this._remaining === 0) {
+            $$$internal$$fulfill(this.promise, this._result);
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        $$$internal$$reject(this.promise, this._validationError());
+      }
+    }
+
+    $$$enumerator$$Enumerator.prototype._validateInput = function(input) {
+      return $$utils$$isArray(input);
+    };
+
+    $$$enumerator$$Enumerator.prototype._validationError = function() {
+      return new Error('Array Methods must be provided an Array');
+    };
+
+    $$$enumerator$$Enumerator.prototype._init = function() {
+      this._result = new Array(this.length);
+    };
+
+    var $$$enumerator$$default = $$$enumerator$$Enumerator;
+
+    $$$enumerator$$Enumerator.prototype._enumerate = function() {
+      var length  = this.length;
+      var promise = this.promise;
+      var input   = this._input;
+
+      for (var i = 0; promise._state === $$$internal$$PENDING && i < length; i++) {
+        this._eachEntry(input[i], i);
+      }
+    };
+
+    $$$enumerator$$Enumerator.prototype._eachEntry = function(entry, i) {
+      var c = this._instanceConstructor;
+      if ($$utils$$isMaybeThenable(entry)) {
+        if (entry.constructor === c && entry._state !== $$$internal$$PENDING) {
+          entry._onerror = null;
+          this._settledAt(entry._state, i, entry._result);
+        } else {
+          this._willSettleAt(c.resolve(entry), i);
+        }
+      } else {
+        this._remaining--;
+        this._result[i] = this._makeResult($$$internal$$FULFILLED, i, entry);
+      }
+    };
+
+    $$$enumerator$$Enumerator.prototype._settledAt = function(state, i, value) {
+      var promise = this.promise;
+
+      if (promise._state === $$$internal$$PENDING) {
+        this._remaining--;
+
+        if (this._abortOnReject && state === $$$internal$$REJECTED) {
+          $$$internal$$reject(promise, value);
+        } else {
+          this._result[i] = this._makeResult(state, i, value);
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (this._remaining === 0) {
+        $$$internal$$fulfill(promise, this._result);
+      }
+    };
+
+    $$$enumerator$$Enumerator.prototype._makeResult = function(state, i, value) {
+      return value;
+    };
+
+    $$$enumerator$$Enumerator.prototype._willSettleAt = function(promise, i) {
+      var enumerator = this;
+
+      $$$internal$$subscribe(promise, undefined, function(value) {
+        enumerator._settledAt($$$internal$$FULFILLED, i, value);
+      }, function(reason) {
+        enumerator._settledAt($$$internal$$REJECTED, i, reason);
+      });
+    };
+
+    var $$promise$all$$default = function all(entries, label) {
+      return new $$$enumerator$$default(this, entries, true /* abort on reject */, label).promise;
+    };
+
+    var $$promise$race$$default = function race(entries, label) {
+      /*jshint validthis:true */
+      var Constructor = this;
+
+      var promise = new Constructor($$$internal$$noop, label);
+
+      if (!$$utils$$isArray(entries)) {
+        $$$internal$$reject(promise, new TypeError('You must pass an array to race.'));
+        return promise;
+      }
+
+      var length = entries.length;
+
+      function onFulfillment(value) {
+        $$$internal$$resolve(promise, value);
+      }
+
+      function onRejection(reason) {
+        $$$internal$$reject(promise, reason);
+      }
+
+      for (var i = 0; promise._state === $$$internal$$PENDING && i < length; i++) {
+        $$$internal$$subscribe(Constructor.resolve(entries[i]), undefined, onFulfillment, onRejection);
+      }
+
+      return promise;
+    };
+
+    var $$promise$resolve$$default = function resolve(object, label) {
+      /*jshint validthis:true */
+      var Constructor = this;
+
+      if (object && typeof object === 'object' && object.constructor === Constructor) {
+        return object;
+      }
+
+      var promise = new Constructor($$$internal$$noop, label);
+      $$$internal$$resolve(promise, object);
+      return promise;
+    };
+
+    var $$promise$reject$$default = function reject(reason, label) {
+      /*jshint validthis:true */
+      var Constructor = this;
+      var promise = new Constructor($$$internal$$noop, label);
+      $$$internal$$reject(promise, reason);
+      return promise;
+    };
+
+    var $$es6$promise$promise$$counter = 0;
+
+    function $$es6$promise$promise$$needsResolver() {
+      throw new TypeError('You must pass a resolver function as the first argument to the promise constructor');
+    }
+
+    function $$es6$promise$promise$$needsNew() {
+      throw new TypeError("Failed to construct 'Promise': Please use the 'new' operator, this object constructor cannot be called as a function.");
+    }
+
+    var $$es6$promise$promise$$default = $$es6$promise$promise$$Promise;
+
+    /**
+      Promise objects represent the eventual result of an asynchronous operation. The
+      primary way of interacting with a promise is through its `then` method, which
+      registers callbacks to receive either a promise’s eventual value or the reason
+      why the promise cannot be fulfilled.
+
+      Terminology
+      -----------
+
+      - `promise` is an object or function with a `then` method whose behavior conforms to this specification.
+      - `thenable` is an object or function that defines a `then` method.
+      - `value` is any legal JavaScript value (including undefined, a thenable, or a promise).
+      - `exception` is a value that is thrown using the throw statement.
+      - `reason` is a value that indicates why a promise was rejected.
+      - `settled` the final resting state of a promise, fulfilled or rejected.
+
+      A promise can be in one of three states: pending, fulfilled, or rejected.
+
+      Promises that are fulfilled have a fulfillment value and are in the fulfilled
+      state.  Promises that are rejected have a rejection reason and are in the
+      rejected state.  A fulfillment value is never a thenable.
+
+      Promises can also be said to *resolve* a value.  If this value is also a
+      promise, then the original promise's settled state will match the value's
+      settled state.  So a promise that *resolves* a promise that rejects will
+      itself reject, and a promise that *resolves* a promise that fulfills will
+      itself fulfill.
+
+
+      Basic Usage:
+      ------------
+
+      ```js
+      var promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
+        // on success
+        resolve(value);
+
+        // on failure
+        reject(reason);
+      });
+
+      promise.then(function(value) {
+        // on fulfillment
+      }, function(reason) {
+        // on rejection
+      });
+      ```
+
+      Advanced Usage:
+      ---------------
+
+      Promises shine when abstracting away asynchronous interactions such as
+      `XMLHttpRequest`s.
+
+      ```js
+      function getJSON(url) {
+        return new Promise(function(resolve, reject){
+          var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
+
+          xhr.open('GET', url);
+          xhr.onreadystatechange = handler;
+          xhr.responseType = 'json';
+          xhr.setRequestHeader('Accept', 'application/json');
+          xhr.send();
+
+          function handler() {
+            if (this.readyState === this.DONE) {
+              if (this.status === 200) {
+                resolve(this.response);
+              } else {
+                reject(new Error('getJSON: `' + url + '` failed with status: [' + this.status + ']'));
+              }
+            }
+          };
+        });
+      }
+
+      getJSON('/posts.json').then(function(json) {
+        // on fulfillment
+      }, function(reason) {
+        // on rejection
+      });
+      ```
+
+      Unlike callbacks, promises are great composable primitives.
+
+      ```js
+      Promise.all([
+        getJSON('/posts'),
+        getJSON('/comments')
+      ]).then(function(values){
+        values[0] // => postsJSON
+        values[1] // => commentsJSON
+
+        return values;
+      });
+      ```
+
+      @class Promise
+      @param {function} resolver
+      @param {String} label optional string for labeling the promise.
+      Useful for tooling.
+      @constructor
+    */
+    function $$es6$promise$promise$$Promise(resolver, label) {
+      this._id = $$es6$promise$promise$$counter++;
+      this._label = label;
+      this._state = undefined;
+      this._result = undefined;
+      this._subscribers = [];
+
+      if ($$$internal$$noop !== resolver) {
+        if (!$$utils$$isFunction(resolver)) {
+          $$es6$promise$promise$$needsResolver();
+        }
+
+        if (!(this instanceof $$es6$promise$promise$$Promise)) {
+          $$es6$promise$promise$$needsNew();
+        }
+
+        $$$internal$$initializePromise(this, resolver);
+      }
+    }
+
+    $$es6$promise$promise$$Promise.all = $$promise$all$$default;
+    $$es6$promise$promise$$Promise.race = $$promise$race$$default;
+    $$es6$promise$promise$$Promise.resolve = $$promise$resolve$$default;
+    $$es6$promise$promise$$Promise.reject = $$promise$reject$$default;
+
+    $$es6$promise$promise$$Promise.prototype = {
+      constructor: $$es6$promise$promise$$Promise,
+
+    /**
+      The primary way of interacting with a promise is through its `then` method,
+      which registers callbacks to receive either a promise's eventual value or the
+      reason why the promise cannot be fulfilled.
+
+      ```js
+      findUser().then(function(user){
+        // user is available
+      }, function(reason){
+        // user is unavailable, and you are given the reason why
+      });
+      ```
+
+      Chaining
+      --------
+
+      The return value of `then` is itself a promise.  This second, 'downstream'
+      promise is resolved with the return value of the first promise's fulfillment
+      or rejection handler, or rejected if the handler throws an exception.
+
+      ```js
+      findUser().then(function (user) {
+        return user.name;
+      }, function (reason) {
+        return 'default name';
+      }).then(function (userName) {
+        // If `findUser` fulfilled, `userName` will be the user's name, otherwise it
+        // will be `'default name'`
+      });
+
+      findUser().then(function (user) {
+        throw new Error('Found user, but still unhappy');
+      }, function (reason) {
+        throw new Error('`findUser` rejected and we're unhappy');
+      }).then(function (value) {
+        // never reached
+      }, function (reason) {
+        // if `findUser` fulfilled, `reason` will be 'Found user, but still unhappy'.
+        // If `findUser` rejected, `reason` will be '`findUser` rejected and we're unhappy'.
+      });
+      ```
+      If the downstream promise does not specify a rejection handler, rejection reasons will be propagated further downstream.
+
+      ```js
+      findUser().then(function (user) {
+        throw new PedagogicalException('Upstream error');
+      }).then(function (value) {
+        // never reached
+      }).then(function (value) {
+        // never reached
+      }, function (reason) {
+        // The `PedgagocialException` is propagated all the way down to here
+      });
+      ```
+
+      Assimilation
+      ------------
+
+      Sometimes the value you want to propagate to a downstream promise can only be
+      retrieved asynchronously. This can be achieved by returning a promise in the
+      fulfillment or rejection handler. The downstream promise will then be pending
+      until the returned promise is settled. This is called *assimilation*.
+
+      ```js
+      findUser().then(function (user) {
+        return findCommentsByAuthor(user);
+      }).then(function (comments) {
+        // The user's comments are now available
+      });
+      ```
+
+      If the assimliated promise rejects, then the downstream promise will also reject.
+
+      ```js
+      findUser().then(function (user) {
+        return findCommentsByAuthor(user);
+      }).then(function (comments) {
+        // If `findCommentsByAuthor` fulfills, we'll have the value here
+      }, function (reason) {
+        // If `findCommentsByAuthor` rejects, we'll have the reason here
+      });
+      ```
+
+      Simple Example
+      --------------
+
+      Synchronous Example
+
+      ```javascript
+      var result;
+
+      try {
+        result = findResult();
+        // success
+      } catch(reason) {
+        // failure
+      }
+      ```
+
+      Errback Example
+
+      ```js
+      findResult(function(result, err){
+        if (err) {
+          // failure
+        } else {
+          // success
+        }
+      });
+      ```
+
+      Promise Example;
+
+      ```javascript
+      findResult().then(function(result){
+        // success
+      }, function(reason){
+        // failure
+      });
+      ```
+
+      Advanced Example
+      --------------
+
+      Synchronous Example
+
+      ```javascript
+      var author, books;
+
+      try {
+        author = findAuthor();
+        books  = findBooksByAuthor(author);
+        // success
+      } catch(reason) {
+        // failure
+      }
+      ```
+
+      Errback Example
+
+      ```js
+
+      function foundBooks(books) {
+
+      }
+
+      function failure(reason) {
+
+      }
+
+      findAuthor(function(author, err){
+        if (err) {
+          failure(err);
+          // failure
+        } else {
+          try {
+            findBoooksByAuthor(author, function(books, err) {
+              if (err) {
+                failure(err);
+              } else {
+                try {
+                  foundBooks(books);
+                } catch(reason) {
+                  failure(reason);
+                }
+              }
+            });
+          } catch(error) {
+            failure(err);
+          }
+          // success
+        }
+      });
+      ```
+
+      Promise Example;
+
+      ```javascript
+      findAuthor().
+        then(findBooksByAuthor).
+        then(function(books){
+          // found books
+      }).catch(function(reason){
+        // something went wrong
+      });
+      ```
+
+      @method then
+      @param {Function} onFulfilled
+      @param {Function} onRejected
+      @param {String} label optional string for labeling the promise.
+      Useful for tooling.
+      @return {Promise}
+    */
+      then: function(onFulfillment, onRejection, label) {
+        var parent = this;
+        var state = parent._state;
+
+        if (state === $$$internal$$FULFILLED && !onFulfillment || state === $$$internal$$REJECTED && !onRejection) {
+          return this;
+        }
+
+        parent._onerror = null;
+
+        var child = new this.constructor($$$internal$$noop, label);
+        var result = parent._result;
+
+        if (state) {
+          var callback = arguments[state - 1];
+          $$asap$$default(function(){
+            $$$internal$$invokeCallback(state, child, callback, result);
+          });
+        } else {
+          $$$internal$$subscribe(parent, child, onFulfillment, onRejection);
+        }
+
+        return child;
+      },
+
+    /**
+      `catch` is simply sugar for `then(undefined, onRejection)` which makes it the same
+      as the catch block of a try/catch statement.
+
+      ```js
+      function findAuthor(){
+        throw new Error('couldn't find that author');
+      }
+
+      // synchronous
+      try {
+        findAuthor();
+      } catch(reason) {
+        // something went wrong
+      }
+
+      // async with promises
+      findAuthor().catch(function(reason){
+        // something went wrong
+      });
+      ```
+
+      @method catch
+      @param {Function} onRejection
+      @param {String} label optional string for labeling the promise.
+      Useful for tooling.
+      @return {Promise}
+    */
+      'catch': function(onRejection, label) {
+        return this.then(null, onRejection, label);
+      }
+    };
+
+    var $$es6$promise$polyfill$$default = function polyfill() {
+      var local;
+
+      if (typeof global !== 'undefined') {
+        local = global;
+      } else if (typeof window !== 'undefined' && window.document) {
+        local = window;
+      } else {
+        local = self;
+      }
+
+      var es6PromiseSupport =
+        "Promise" in local &&
+        // Some of these methods are missing from
+        // Firefox/Chrome experimental implementations
+        "resolve" in local.Promise &&
+        "reject" in local.Promise &&
+        "all" in local.Promise &&
+        "race" in local.Promise &&
+        // Older version of the spec had a resolver object
+        // as the arg rather than a function
+        (function() {
+          var resolve;
+          new local.Promise(function(r) { resolve = r; });
+          return $$utils$$isFunction(resolve);
+        }());
+
+      if (!es6PromiseSupport) {
+        local.Promise = $$es6$promise$promise$$default;
+      }
+    };
+
+    var es6$promise$umd$$ES6Promise = {
+      Promise: $$es6$promise$promise$$default,
+      polyfill: $$es6$promise$polyfill$$default
+    };
+
+    /* global define:true module:true window: true */
+    if (typeof define === 'function' && define['amd']) {
+      define(function() { return es6$promise$umd$$ES6Promise; });
+    } else if (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module['exports']) {
+      module['exports'] = es6$promise$umd$$ES6Promise;
+    } else if (typeof this !== 'undefined') {
+      this['ES6Promise'] = es6$promise$umd$$ES6Promise;
+    }
+}).call(this);