erubis 2.0.1 → 2.1.0

data/doc/users-guide.html

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
     <div align="left"><h1>Erubis Users' Guide</h1></div>
     <div align="left">
-      last update: $Date: 2006-05-20 08:57:39 +0900 (Sat, 20 May 2006) $<br>
+      last update: $Date: 2006-09-24 21:01:00 +0900 (Sun, 24 Sep 2006) $<br>
     </div>
 
 <a name="preface"></a>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 It has the following features.
 </p>
 <ul type="disc">
-<li>Very fast, almost three times faster than ERB and even as fast as eruby (implemented in C)
+<li>Very fast, almost three times faster than ERB and even faster than eruby (implemented in C)
 </li>
 <li>Auto escaping support
 </li>
@@ -31,13 +31,17 @@ It has the following features.
 </li>
 <li>Embedded pattern changeable (default '&lt;% %&gt;')
 </li>
-<li>Support multi-language (Ruby/PHP/C/Java/Scheme/Perl/Javascript)
+<li>Enable to handle Processing Instructions (PI) as embedded pattern (ex. '&lt;?rb ... ?&gt;')
+</li>
+<li>Multi-language support (Ruby/PHP/C/Java/Scheme/Perl/Javascript)
 </li>
 <li>Context object available and easy to combine eRuby template with YAML datafile
 </li>
 <li>Print statement available
 </li>
-<li>Easy to extend in subclass
+<li>Easy to expand and customize in subclass
+</li>
+<li>Ruby on Rails support
 </li>
 </ul>
 <p>Erubis is implemented in pure Ruby.  It requires Ruby 1.8 or higher.
@@ -69,6 +73,8 @@ It has the following features.
     </li>
     <li><a href="#tut-preamble">Preamble and Postamble</a>
     </li>
+    <li><a href="#tut-pi">Processing Instruction (PI) Converter</a>
+    </li>
   </ul>
   </li>
   <li><a href="#enhancer">Enhancer</a>
@@ -89,6 +95,8 @@ It has the following features.
     </li>
     <li><a href="#notext-enhancer">NoTextEnhancer</a>
     </li>
+    <li><a href="#nocode-enhancer">NoCodeEnhancer</a>
+    </li>
     <li><a href="#simplify-enhancer">SimplifyEnhancer</a>
     </li>
     <li><a href="#bipattern-enhancer">BiPatternEnhancer</a>
@@ -119,7 +127,11 @@ It has the following features.
   <ul>
     <li><a href="#topics-tinyeruby">TinyEruby class</a>
     </li>
-    <li><a href="#topics-php">NoTextEnhancer in PHP</a>
+    <li><a href="#topics-rails">Ruby on Rails Support</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#topics-php">NoTextEnhancer and NoCodeEnhancer in PHP</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#topics-notext">Command <code>notext</code></a>
     </li>
     <li><a href="#topics-benchmark">Benchmark</a>
     </li>
@@ -185,10 +197,10 @@ $ contrib/inline-require -I lib bin/erubis &gt; contrib/erubis
 <div class="program_caption">
 example1.eruby</div>
 <pre class="program">&lt;ul&gt;
-  <b>&lt;% for item in list %&gt;</b>
-  &lt;li&gt;<b>&lt;%= item %&gt;</b>&lt;/li&gt;
-  <b>&lt;% end %&gt;</b>
-  <b>&lt;%# here is ignored because starting with '#' %&gt;</b>
+  <strong>&lt;% for item in list %&gt;</strong>
+  &lt;li&gt;<strong>&lt;%= item %&gt;</strong>&lt;/li&gt;
+  <strong>&lt;% end %&gt;</strong>
+  <strong>&lt;%# here is ignored because starting with '#' %&gt;</strong>
 &lt;/ul&gt;
 </pre>
 <a name="example1.rb"></a>
@@ -196,14 +208,20 @@ example1.eruby</div>
 example1.rb</div>
 <pre class="program">require 'erubis'
 input = File.read('example1.eruby')
-eruby = <b>Erubis::Eruby.new(input)</b>    # create Eruby object
+eruby = <strong>Erubis::Eruby.new(input)</strong>    # create Eruby object
 
 puts "---------- script source ---"
-puts <b>eruby.src</b>                      # print script source
+puts <strong>eruby.src</strong>                      # print script source
 
 puts "---------- result ----------"
 list = ['aaa', 'bbb', 'ccc']
-puts <b>eruby.result(binding())</b>        # get result
+puts <strong>eruby.result(binding())</strong>        # get result
+
+## # or
+## eruby = Erubis::Eruby.new
+## input = File.read('example1.eruby')
+## src = eruby.convert(input)
+## eval src
 </pre>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 output</div>
@@ -228,7 +246,7 @@ _buf.join
 </p>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 example of command-line option '-x'</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ erubis <b>-x</b> example1.eruby
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis <strong>-x</strong> example1.eruby
 _buf = []; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;ul&gt;
 ';   for item in list 
  _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;li&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/li&gt;
@@ -273,7 +291,7 @@ _buf.join
 </p>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 compiled source code with command-line option '-T'</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -x <b>-T</b> example2.eruby
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -x <strong>-T</strong> example2.eruby
 _buf = []; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;ul&gt;
 '; _buf &lt;&lt; '  '; for item in list ; _buf &lt;&lt; '
 '; _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;li&gt;
@@ -291,7 +309,7 @@ _buf.join
 example2.rb</div>
 <pre class="program">require 'erubis'
 input = File.read('example2.eruby')
-eruby = Erubis::Eruby.new(input<b>, :trim=&gt;false</b>)
+eruby = Erubis::Eruby.new(input<strong>, :trim=&gt;false</strong>)
 
 puts "---------- script source ---"
 puts eruby.src                            # print script source
@@ -339,13 +357,13 @@ _buf.join
 Erubis::Eruby class act as the following:
 </p>
 <ul type="disc">
-<li><code>&lt;%= <i>expr</i> %&gt;</code> -  not escaped.
+<li><code>&lt;%= <em>expr</em> %&gt;</code> -  not escaped.
 </li>
-<li><code>&lt;%== <i>expr</i> %&gt;</code> - escaped.
+<li><code>&lt;%== <em>expr</em> %&gt;</code> - escaped.
 </li>
-<li><code>&lt;%=== <i>expr</i> %&gt;</code> - out to $stderr.
+<li><code>&lt;%=== <em>expr</em> %&gt;</code> - out to $stderr.
 </li>
-<li><code>&lt;%==== <i>expr</i> %&gt;</code> - ignored.
+<li><code>&lt;%==== <em>expr</em> %&gt;</code> - ignored.
 </li>
 </ul>
 <p>Erubis::EscapedEruby<sup>(<a href="#fnref:1" name="fnlink:1">*1</a>)</sup> class handle '&lt;%= %&gt;' as escaped and '&lt;%== %&gt;' as not escaped.
@@ -356,9 +374,9 @@ Also Erubis::XmlEruby class (which is equivalent to Erubis::EscapedEruby) is pro
 <div class="program_caption">
 example3.eruby</div>
 <pre class="program">&lt;% for item in list %&gt;
-  &lt;p&gt;<b>&lt;%=</b> item <b>%&gt;</b>&lt;/p&gt;
-  &lt;p&gt;<b>&lt;%==</b> item <b>%&gt;</b>&lt;/p&gt;
-  &lt;p&gt;<b>&lt;%===</b> item <b>%&gt;</b>&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;<strong>&lt;%=</strong> item <strong>%&gt;</strong>&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;<strong>&lt;%==</strong> item <strong>%&gt;</strong>&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;<strong>&lt;%===</strong> item <strong>%&gt;</strong>&lt;/p&gt;
 
 &lt;% end %&gt;
 </pre>
@@ -367,13 +385,13 @@ example3.eruby</div>
 example3.rb</div>
 <pre class="program">require 'erubis'
 input = File.read('example3.eruby')
-eruby = Erubis::<b>EscapedEruby</b>.new(input)    # or Erubis::XmlEruby
+eruby = Erubis::<strong>EscapedEruby</strong>.new(input)    # or Erubis::XmlEruby
 
 puts "---------- script source ---"
 puts eruby.src                             # print script source
 
 puts "---------- result ----------"
-<b>list = ['&lt;aaa&gt;', 'b&amp;b', '"ccc"']</b>
+<strong>list = ['&lt;aaa&gt;', 'b&amp;b', '"ccc"']</strong>
 puts eruby.result(binding())               # get result
 </pre>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
@@ -381,9 +399,9 @@ output</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ ruby example3.rb 2&gt; stderr.log
 ---------- script source ---
 _buf = []; for item in list 
- _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;p&gt;'; <b>_buf &lt;&lt; Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( item );</b> _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
-  &lt;p&gt;'; <b>_buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s;</b> _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
-  &lt;p&gt;'; <b>$stderr.puts("*** debug: item=#{(item).inspect}");</b> _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;p&gt;'; <strong>_buf &lt;&lt; Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( item );</strong> _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;'; <strong>_buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s;</strong> _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;'; <strong>$stderr.puts("*** debug: item=#{(item).inspect}");</strong> _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
 
 '; end 
 _buf.join
@@ -405,10 +423,10 @@ $ cat stderr.log
 *** debug: item="b&amp;b"
 *** debug: item="\"ccc\""
 </pre>
-<p>The command-line option '-e'<sup>(<a href="#fnref:2" name="fnlink:2">*2</a>)</sup> will do the same action as Erubis::EscapedEruby.
+<p>The command-line option '-e' will do the same action as Erubis::EscapedEruby.
 This option is available for any language.
 </p>
-<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -l ruby <b>-e</b> example3.eruby
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -l ruby <strong>-e</strong> example3.eruby
 _buf = []; for item in list 
  _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;p&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( item ); _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;p&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
@@ -417,19 +435,19 @@ _buf = []; for item in list
 '; end 
 _buf.join
 </pre>
-<p>Escaping function (default 'Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml()') can be changed by command-line property '--escape=xxx' or by overriding Erubis::Eruby#escaped_expr() in subclass.
+<p>Escaping function (default 'Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml()') can be changed by command-line property '--escapefunc=xxx' or by overriding Erubis::Eruby#escaped_expr() in subclass.
 </p>
 <div class="program_caption">
 example to override Erubis::Eruby#escaped_expr()</div>
 <pre class="program">class CGIEruby &lt; Erubis::Eruby
-  def <b>escaped_expr(code)</b>
+  def <strong>escaped_expr(code)</strong>
     return "CGI.escapeHTML((#{code.strip}).to_s)"
     #return "h(#{code.strip})"
   end
 end
 
 class LatexEruby &lt; Erubi::Eruby
-  def <b>escaped_expr(code)</b>
+  def <strong>escaped_expr(code)</strong>
     return "(#{code}).gsub(/[%\\]/,'\\\\\&amp;')"
   end
 end
@@ -438,8 +456,6 @@ end
  <dl compact>
   <dt>(<a name="fnref:1" href="#fnlink:1">*1</a>)</dt>
   <dd>Erubis::EscapedEruby class includes Erubis::EscapeEnhancer which swtches the action of '&lt;%= %&gt;' and '&lt;%== %&gt;'.</dd>
-  <dt>(<a name="fnref:2" href="#fnlink:2">*2</a>)</dt>
-  <dd>Command-line option '-e' is equivarent to '-E Escape'.</dd>
  </dl>
 </div>
 <br>
@@ -447,18 +463,18 @@ end
 
 <a name="tut-pattern"></a>
 <h3 class="section2">Embedded Pattern</h3>
-<p>You can change embedded pattern '<code>&lt;% %&gt;</code>' to another with command-line option '-p' or option '<code>:pattern=&gt;...</code>' of Erubis::Eruby.new().
+<p>You can change embedded pattern '<code>&lt;% %&gt;</code>' to another by command-line option '-p' or option '<code>:pattern=&gt;...</code>' of Erubis::Eruby.new().
 </p>
 <a name="example4.eruby"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
 example4.eruby</div>
-<pre class="program"><b>&lt;!--%</b> for item in list <b>%--&gt;</b>
-  &lt;p&gt;<b>&lt;!--%=</b> item <b>%--&gt;</b>&lt;/p&gt;
-<b>&lt;!--%</b> end <b>%--&gt;</b>
+<pre class="program"><strong>&lt;!--%</strong> for item in list <strong>%--&gt;</strong>
+  &lt;p&gt;<strong>&lt;!--%=</strong> item <strong>%--&gt;</strong>&lt;/p&gt;
+<strong>&lt;!--%</strong> end <strong>%--&gt;</strong>
 </pre>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 compiled source code with command-line option '-p'</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -x <b>-p '&lt;!--% %--&gt;'</b> example4.eruby
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -x <strong>-p '&lt;!--% %--&gt;'</strong> example4.eruby
 _buf = []; for item in list 
  _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;p&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
 '; end 
@@ -469,7 +485,7 @@ _buf.join
 example4.rb</div>
 <pre class="program">require 'erubis'
 input = File.read('example4.eruby')
-eruby = Erubis::Eruby.new(input<b>, :pattern=&gt;'&lt;!--% %--&gt;'</b>)
+eruby = Erubis::Eruby.new(input<strong>, :pattern=&gt;'&lt;!--% %--&gt;'</strong>)
                                       # or '&lt;(?:!--)?% %(?:--)?&gt;'
 
 puts "---------- script source ---"
@@ -510,9 +526,9 @@ In Erubis, Hash object and Erubis::Context object are available as context objec
 <a name="example5.eruby"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
 example5.eruby</div>
-<pre class="program">&lt;span&gt;&lt;%= <b>@val</b> %&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+<pre class="program">&lt;span&gt;&lt;%= <strong>@val</strong> %&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
- &lt;% for item in <b>@list</b> %&gt;
+ &lt;% for item in <strong>@list</strong> %&gt;
   &lt;li&gt;&lt;%= item %&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;% end %&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
@@ -526,16 +542,16 @@ eruby = Erubis::Eruby.new(input)      # create Eruby object
 
 ## create context object
 ## (key means var name, which may be string or symbol.)
-<b>context = {
+<strong>context = {
   :val   =&gt; 'Erubis Example',
   'list' =&gt; ['aaa', 'bbb', 'ccc'],
-}</b>
+}</strong>
   # or
   #   context = Erubis::Context.new()
   #   context['val'] = 'Erubis Example'
   #   context[:list] = ['aaa', 'bbb', 'ccc'],
 
-puts <b>eruby.evaluate(context)</b>         # get result
+puts <strong>eruby.evaluate(context)</strong>         # get result
 </pre>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 output</div>
@@ -561,7 +577,7 @@ definition of result(binding) and evaluate(context)</div>
     eval _h.keys.inject("") {|s,k| s &lt;&lt; "#{k} = _h[#{k.inspect}];"}
     _binding = binding()
   end
-  return <b>eval(@src, _binding)</b>
+  return <strong>eval(@src, _binding)</strong>
 end
 
 def evaluate(context)
@@ -571,7 +587,7 @@ def evaluate(context)
     context = Erubis::Context.new
     hash.each { |key, val| context[key] = val }
   end
-  return <b>context.instance_eval(@src)</b>
+  return <strong>context.instance_eval(@src)</strong>
 end
 </pre>
 <p>instance_eval() is defined at Object class so it is able to use any object as a context object as well as Hash or Erubis::Context.
@@ -584,13 +600,13 @@ example6.rb</div>
 end
 
 ## any object can be a context object
-<b>mydata = MyData.new</b>
-<b>mydata.val = 'Erubis Example'</b>
-<b>mydata.list = ['aaa', 'bbb', 'ccc']</b>
+<strong>mydata = MyData.new</strong>
+<strong>mydata.val = 'Erubis Example'</strong>
+<strong>mydata.list = ['aaa', 'bbb', 'ccc']</strong>
 
 require 'erubis'
 eruby = Erubis::Eruby.new(File.read('example5.eruby'))
-puts eruby.evaluate(<b>mydata</b>)
+puts eruby.evaluate(<strong>mydata</strong>)
 </pre>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 output</div>
@@ -612,8 +628,8 @@ output</div>
 <a name="example7.yaml"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
 example7.yaml</div>
-<pre class="program"><b>title:</b> Users List
-<b>users:</b>
+<pre class="program"><strong>title:</strong> Users List
+<strong>users:</strong>
   - name:  foo
     mail:  foo@mail.com
   - name:  bar
@@ -624,9 +640,9 @@ example7.yaml</div>
 <a name="example7.eruby"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
 example7.eruby</div>
-<pre class="program">&lt;h1&gt;&lt;%= <b>@title</b> %&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
+<pre class="program">&lt;h1&gt;&lt;%= <strong>@title</strong> %&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
- &lt;% for user in <b>@users</b> %&gt;
+ &lt;% for user in <strong>@users</strong> %&gt;
   &lt;li&gt;
     &lt;a href="mailto:&lt;%= user['mail']%&gt;"&gt;&lt;%= user['name'] %&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
   &lt;/li&gt;
@@ -641,10 +657,10 @@ input = File.read('example7.eruby')
 eruby = Erubis::Eruby.new(input)      # create Eruby object
 
 ## load YAML document as context object
-<b>require 'yaml'</b>
-<b>context = YAML.load_file('example7.yaml')</b>
+<strong>require 'yaml'</strong>
+<strong>context = YAML.load_file('example7.yaml')</strong>
 
-puts <b>eruby.evaluate(context)</b>        # get result
+puts <strong>eruby.evaluate(context)</strong>        # get result
 </pre>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 output</div>
@@ -667,7 +683,7 @@ You don't have to write ruby script such as 'example7.rb'.
 </p>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 example of command-line option '-f'</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ erubis <b>-f example7.yaml</b> example7.eruby
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis <strong>-f example7.yaml</strong> example7.eruby
 &lt;h1&gt;Users List&lt;/h1&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
   &lt;li&gt;
@@ -705,13 +721,13 @@ example8.eruby</div>
 </p>
 <pre class="terminal">## without '-b'
 $ erubis -x example8.eruby
-<b>_buf = [];</b> for item in @list 
+<strong>_buf = [];</strong> for item in @list 
  _buf &lt;&lt; ' &lt;b&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/b&gt;
 '; end 
-<b>_buf.join</b>
+<strong>_buf.join</strong>
 
 ## with '-b'
-$ erubis -x <b>-b</b> example8.eruby
+$ erubis -x <strong>-b</strong> example8.eruby
  for item in @list 
  _buf &lt;&lt; ' &lt;b&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/b&gt;
 '; end 
@@ -724,7 +740,7 @@ example8.rb</div>
 <pre class="program">require 'erubis'
 input = File.read('example8.eruby')
 eruby1 = Erubis::Eruby.new(input)
-eruby2 = Erubis::Eruby.new(input, <b>:preamble=&gt;false, :postamble=&gt;false</b>)
+eruby2 = Erubis::Eruby.new(input, <strong>:preamble=&gt;false, :postamble=&gt;false</strong>)
 
 puts eruby1.src   # print preamble and postamble
 puts "--------------"
@@ -745,6 +761,118 @@ _buf.join
 <br>
 
 
+<a name="tut-pi"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Processing Instruction (PI) Converter</h3>
+<p>Erubis can parse Processing Instructions (PI) as embedded pattern.
+</p>
+<ul type="disc">
+<li>'<code>&lt;?rb <em>...</em> ?&gt;</code>' represents Ruby statement.
+</li>
+<li>'<code>@{<em>...</em>}@</code>' represents escaped expression value.
+</li>
+<li>'<code>@!{<em>...</em>}@</code>' represents normal expression value.
+</li>
+<li>'<code>@!!{<em>...</em>}@</code>' prints expression value to standard output.
+</li>
+<li>(experimental) '<code>&lt;%= <em>...</em> %&gt;</code>' is also available to print expression value.
+</li>
+</ul>
+<p>This is more useful than basic embedded pattern ('<code>&lt;% ... &gt;</code>') because PI doesn't break XML or HTML at all.
+For example the following XHTML file is well-formed and HTML validator got no errors on this example.
+</p>
+<a name="example9.xhtml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+example9.xhtml</div>
+<pre class="program">&lt;?xml version="1.0" ?&gt;
+<strong>&lt;?rb
+  lang = 'en'
+  list = ['&lt;aaa&gt;', 'b&amp;b', '"ccc"']
+?&gt;</strong>
+&lt;html lang="<strong>@!{lang}@</strong>"&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+  &lt;ul&gt;
+  <strong>&lt;?rb for item in list ?&gt;</strong>
+   &lt;li&gt;<strong>@{item}@</strong>&lt;/li&gt;
+  <strong>&lt;?rb end ?&gt;</strong>
+  &lt;/ul&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;
+</pre>
+<p>If the command-line property '--pi=<em>name</em>' is specified, erubis command parses input with PI converter.
+If <em>name</em> is omitted then the following name is used according to '-l <em>lang</em>'.
+</p>
+<div align="center">
+<table class="table1" border="1" cellspacing="0" summary="	mapping of '-l' option and PI name
+">
+ <caption class="caption1">
+	mapping of '-l' option and PI name
+ </caption>
+ <tr class="tr1">
+  <th class="th1">'-l' option</th>
+  <th class="th1">PI name</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr class="tr1">
+  <td class="td1">-l ruby</td>
+  <td class="td1">&lt;?rb ... ?&gt;</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr class="tr1">
+  <td class="td1">-l php</td>
+  <td class="td1">&lt;?php ... ?&gt;</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr class="tr1">
+  <td class="td1">-l perl</td>
+  <td class="td1">&lt;?perl ... ?&gt;</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr class="tr1">
+  <td class="td1">-l java</td>
+  <td class="td1">&lt;?java ... ?&gt;</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr class="tr1">
+  <td class="td1">-l javascript</td>
+  <td class="td1">&lt;?js ... ?&gt;</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr class="tr1">
+  <td class="td1">-l scheme</td>
+  <td class="td1">&lt;?scheme ... ?&gt;</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+output</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis <strong>--pi</strong> example9.xhtml
+&lt;?xml version="1.0" ?&gt;
+&lt;html lang="en"&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+  &lt;ul&gt;
+   &lt;li&gt;&amp;lt;aaa&amp;gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+   &lt;li&gt;b&amp;amp;b&lt;/li&gt;
+   &lt;li&gt;&amp;quot;ccc&amp;quot;&lt;/li&gt;
+  &lt;/ul&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;
+</pre>
+<p>Expression character can be changeable by command-line property '--embchar=<em>char</em>. Default is '<code>@</code>'.
+</p>
+<p><strong>(experimental)</strong> Erubis supports '&lt;%= ... %&gt;' pattern with PI pattern.
+</p>
+<div class="program_caption">
+example of Rails view template</div>
+<pre class="program">&lt;table&gt;
+  &lt;tr&gt;
+&lt;?rb for item in @list ?&gt;
+    &lt;td&gt;@{item.id}@&lt;/td&gt;
+    &lt;td&gt;@{item.name}@&lt;/td&gt;
+    &lt;td&gt;
+       <strong>&lt;%=</strong> link_to 'Destroy', {:action=&gt;'destroy', :id=&gt;item.id},
+                       :confirm=&gt;'Are you OK?' <strong>%&gt;</strong>
+    &lt;/td&gt;
+&lt;?rb end ?&gt;
+  &lt;/tr&gt;
+&lt;/table&gt;
+</pre>
+<br>
+
+
 <br>
 
 
@@ -811,6 +939,11 @@ The following is an example to use some enhancers in command-line.
 	Print embedded code only and ignore normal text.
 </dd>
 <dt class="dt1">
+<a href="#nocode-enhancer">NoCodeEnhancer</a> (language-independent)</dt>
+<dd class="dd1">
+	Print normal text only and ignore code.
+</dd>
+<dt class="dt1">
 <a href="#simplify-enhancer">SimplifyEnhancer</a> (language-independent)</dt>
 <dd class="dd1">
 	Make compile faster but don't trim spaces around '&lt;% %&gt;'.
@@ -853,8 +986,8 @@ compiled source code</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ erubis -xE Escape example.eruby
 _buf = []; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;div&gt;
 '; for item in list 
- _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;p&gt;'; <b>_buf &lt;&lt; Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( item );</b> _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
-  &lt;p&gt;'; <b>_buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s;</b> _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;p&gt;'; <strong>_buf &lt;&lt; Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( item );</strong> _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;'; <strong>_buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s;</strong> _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
 '; end 
  _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/div&gt;
 ';
@@ -873,7 +1006,7 @@ Therefore, you can use 'print' statement in embedded ruby code.
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 compiled source code</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ erubis -xE Stdout example.eruby
-<b>_buf = $stdout;</b> _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;div&gt;
+<strong>_buf = $stdout;</strong> _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;div&gt;
 '; for item in list 
  _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;p&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;p&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( item ); _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
@@ -894,12 +1027,12 @@ compiled source code</div>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 compiled source code</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ erubis -xE PrintOut example.eruby
- <b>print</b> '&lt;div&gt;
+ <strong>print</strong> '&lt;div&gt;
 '; for item in list 
- <b>print</b> '  &lt;p&gt;'; <b>print</b>(( item ).to_s); <b>print</b> '&lt;/p&gt;
-  &lt;p&gt;'; <b>print</b> Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( item ); <b>print</b> '&lt;/p&gt;
+ <strong>print</strong> '  &lt;p&gt;'; <strong>print</strong>(( item ).to_s); <strong>print</strong> '&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;'; <strong>print</strong> Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( item ); <strong>print</strong> '&lt;/p&gt;
 '; end 
- <b>print</b> '&lt;/div&gt;
+ <strong>print</strong> '&lt;/div&gt;
 ';
 </pre>
 <p>PrintOutEnhancer is only for Eruby.
@@ -915,7 +1048,7 @@ compiled source code</div>
 <div class="program_caption">
 printenabled-example.eruby</div>
 <pre class="program">&lt;% for item in @list %&gt;
-  &lt;b&gt;<b>&lt;% print item %&gt;</b>&lt;/b&gt;
+  &lt;b&gt;<strong>&lt;% print item %&gt;</strong>&lt;/b&gt;
 &lt;% end %&gt;
 </pre>
 <a name="printenabled-example.rb"></a>
@@ -951,14 +1084,14 @@ because print() method in '&lt;% ... %&gt;' invokes not Kernel#print() but Print
 </p>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 compiled source code</div>
-<pre class="terminal"><b>_buf = [];</b> _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;div&gt;
+<pre class="terminal"><strong>_buf = [];</strong> _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;div&gt;
 '; for item in list 
  _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;p&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;p&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( item ); _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
 '; end 
  _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/div&gt;
 ';
-<b>_buf</b>
+<strong>_buf</strong>
 </pre>
 <p>ArrayEnhancer is only for Eruby.
 </p>
@@ -981,14 +1114,14 @@ Erubis::Eruby includes this enhancer by default.
 <p>StringBufferEnhancer makes Eruby to use string buffer.
 </p>
 <pre class="terminal">$ erubis -xE StringBuffer example.eruby
-<b>_buf = '';</b> _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;div&gt;
+<strong>_buf = '';</strong> _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;div&gt;
 '; for item in list 
  _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;p&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;p&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( item ); _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/p&gt;
 '; end 
  _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/div&gt;
 ';
-<b>_buf</b>
+<strong>_buf</strong>
 </pre>
 <p>StringBufferEnhancer is only for Eruby.
 </p>
@@ -1042,6 +1175,52 @@ _buf.join
 <br>
 
 
+<a name="nocode-enhancer"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">NoCodeEnhancer</h3>
+<p>NoCodeEnhancer suppress output of embedded code and prints only normal text.
+This is useful especially when validating HTML tags.
+</p>
+<a name="nocode-example.eruby"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+nocode-example.eruby</div>
+<pre class="program">&lt;h3&gt;List&lt;/h3&gt;
+&lt;% if !@list || @list.empty? %&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;not found.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;% else %&gt;
+&lt;table&gt;
+  &lt;tbody&gt;
+    &lt;% @list.each_with_index do |item, i| %&gt;
+    &lt;tr bgcolor="&lt;%= i%2 == 0 ? '#FFCCCC' : '#CCCCFF' %&gt;"&gt;
+      &lt;td&gt;&lt;%= item %&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
+    &lt;/tr&gt;
+    &lt;% end %&gt;
+  &lt;/tbody&gt;
+&lt;/table&gt;
+&lt;% end %&gt;
+</pre>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+output example of NoTextEnhancer</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -TxE NoCode notext-example.eruby
+&lt;h3&gt;List&lt;/h3&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;not found.&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;table&gt;
+  &lt;tbody&gt;
+    
+    &lt;tr bgcolor=""&gt;
+      &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
+    &lt;/tr&gt;
+    
+  &lt;/tbody&gt;
+&lt;/table&gt;
+
+</pre>
+<p>NoCodeEnhancer is language-independent. It is useful even if you are PHP user, see <a href="#topics-php">this section</a>.
+</p>
+<br>
+
+
 <a name="simplify-enhancer"></a>
 <h3 class="section2">SimplifyEnhancer</h3>
 <p>SimplifyEnhancer makes compiling a little faster but don't trim spaces around '&lt;% %&gt;'.
@@ -1073,16 +1252,16 @@ You can specify pattern by :bipattern property.
 <div class="program_caption">
 bipattern-example.rhtml</div>
 <pre class="program">&lt;% for item in list %&gt;
-  &lt;b&gt;<b>[= item =]</b>&lt;/b&gt;
-  &lt;b&gt;<b>[== item =]</b>&lt;/b&gt;
+  &lt;b&gt;<strong>[= item =]</strong>&lt;/b&gt;
+  &lt;b&gt;<strong>[== item =]</strong>&lt;/b&gt;
 &lt;% end %&gt;
 </pre>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 compiled source code</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ erubis -xE BiPattern bipattern-example.rhtml
 _buf = []; for item in list 
- _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;b&gt;'; <b>_buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s;</b> _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/b&gt;
-  &lt;b&gt;'; <b>_buf &lt;&lt; Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( item );</b> _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/b&gt;
+ _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;b&gt;'; <strong>_buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s;</strong> _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/b&gt;
+  &lt;b&gt;'; <strong>_buf &lt;&lt; Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( item );</strong> _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/b&gt;
 '; end 
 _buf.join
 </pre>
@@ -1099,17 +1278,17 @@ This is for compatibility with eruby and ERB.
 <a name="percentline-example.rhtml"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
 percentline-example.rhtml</div>
-<pre class="program"><b>% for item in list</b>
+<pre class="program"><strong>% for item in list</strong>
   &lt;b&gt;&lt;%= item %&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
-<b>% end</b>
+<strong>% end</strong>
 %% lines with '%%'
 </pre>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 compiled source code</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ erubis -xE PercentLine percentline-example.rhtml
-_buf = []; <b>for item in list</b>
+_buf = []; <strong>for item in list</strong>
  _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;b&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/b&gt;
-'; <b>end</b>
+'; <strong>end</strong>
  _buf &lt;&lt; '% lines with \'%%\'
 ';
 _buf.join
@@ -1128,28 +1307,28 @@ _buf.join
 <a name="headerfooter-example.eruby"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
 headerfooter-example.eruby</div>
-<pre class="program"><b>&lt;!--#header:</b>
-<b>def list_items(items)</b>
-<b>#--&gt;</b>
+<pre class="program"><strong>&lt;!--#header:</strong>
+<strong>def list_items(items)</strong>
+<strong>#--&gt;</strong>
 &lt;% for item in items %&gt;
   &lt;b&gt;&lt;%= item %&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
 &lt;% end %&gt;
-<b>&lt;!--#footer:</b>
-<b>end</b>
-<b>#--&gt;</b>
+<strong>&lt;!--#footer:</strong>
+<strong>end</strong>
+<strong>#--&gt;</strong>
 </pre>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 compiled source code</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ erubis -xE HeaderFooter headerfooter-example.eruby
 
-<b>def list_items(items)</b>
+<strong>def list_items(items)</strong>
 
 _buf = []; for item in items 
  _buf &lt;&lt; '  &lt;b&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/b&gt;
 '; end 
 _buf.join
 
-<b>end</b>
+<strong>end</strong>
 
 </pre>
 <p>Compare to the following:
@@ -1157,27 +1336,27 @@ _buf.join
 <a name="normal-eruby-test.eruby"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
 normal-eruby-test.eruby</div>
-<pre class="program"><b>&lt;%</b>
-<b>def list_items(items)</b>
-<b>%&gt;</b>
+<pre class="program"><strong>&lt;%</strong>
+<strong>def list_items(items)</strong>
+<strong>%&gt;</strong>
 &lt;% for item in items %&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;%= item %&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;% end %&gt;
-<b>&lt;%</b>
-<b>end</b>
-<b>%&gt;</b>
+<strong>&lt;%</strong>
+<strong>end</strong>
+<strong>%&gt;</strong>
 </pre>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 compiled source code</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ erubis -x normal-eruby-test.eruby
 _buf = [];
-<b>def list_items(items)</b>
+<strong>def list_items(items)</strong>
 
  for item in items 
  _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;li&gt;'; _buf &lt;&lt; ( item ).to_s; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;/li&gt;
 '; end 
 
-<b>end</b>
+<strong>end</strong>
 
 _buf.join
 </pre>
@@ -1189,20 +1368,20 @@ that is, header is no need to be in the head of eRuby script.
 headerfooter-example2.rhtml</div>
 <pre class="program">&lt;?xml version="1.0"?&gt;
 &lt;html&gt;
-<b>&lt;!--#header:</b>
-<b>def page(list)</b>
-<b>#--&gt;</b>
+<strong>&lt;!--#header:</strong>
+<strong>def page(list)</strong>
+<strong>#--&gt;</strong>
  :
-<b>&lt;!--#footer:</b>
-<b>end</b>
-<b>#--&gt;</b>
+<strong>&lt;!--#footer:</strong>
+<strong>end</strong>
+<strong>#--&gt;</strong>
 &lt;/html&gt;
 </pre>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 compiled source code</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ erubis -xE HeaderFooter headerfooter-example2.rhtml
 
-<b>def page(list)</b>
+<strong>def page(list)</strong>
 
 _buf = []; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;?xml version="1.0"?&gt;
 &lt;html&gt;
@@ -1211,7 +1390,7 @@ _buf = []; _buf &lt;&lt; '&lt;?xml version="1.0"?&gt;
 ';
 _buf.join
 
-<b>end</b>
+<strong>end</strong>
 
 </pre>
 <p>HeaderFooterEnhancer is experimental and is language-independent.
@@ -1250,15 +1429,15 @@ example.ephp</div>
 <pre class="program">&lt;?xml version="1.0"?&gt;
 &lt;html&gt;
  &lt;body&gt;
-  &lt;p&gt;Hello <b>&lt;%= $user %&gt;</b>!&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;Hello <strong>&lt;%= $user %&gt;</strong>!&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;table&gt;
    &lt;tbody&gt;
-    <b>&lt;% $i = 0; %&gt;</b>
-    <b>&lt;% foreach ($list as $item) { %&gt;</b>
-    <b>&lt;%   $i++; %&gt;</b>
-    &lt;tr bgcolor=<b>"&lt;%= $i % 2 == 0 ? '#FFCCCC' : '#CCCCFF' %&gt;"</b>&gt;
-     &lt;td&gt;<b>&lt;%= $i %&gt;</b>&lt;/td&gt;
-     &lt;td&gt;<b>&lt;%== $item %&gt;</b>&lt;/td&gt;
+    <strong>&lt;% $i = 0; %&gt;</strong>
+    <strong>&lt;% foreach ($list as $item) { %&gt;</strong>
+    <strong>&lt;%   $i++; %&gt;</strong>
+    &lt;tr bgcolor=<strong>"&lt;%= $i % 2 == 0 ? '#FFCCCC' : '#CCCCFF' %&gt;"</strong>&gt;
+     &lt;td&gt;<strong>&lt;%= $i %&gt;</strong>&lt;/td&gt;
+     &lt;td&gt;<strong>&lt;%== $item %&gt;</strong>&lt;/td&gt;
     &lt;/tr&gt;
     &lt;% } %&gt;
    &lt;/tbody&gt;
@@ -1296,33 +1475,33 @@ compiled source code</div>
 <a name="example.ec"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
 example.ec</div>
-<pre class="program"><b>&lt;%
+<pre class="program"><strong>&lt;%
 #include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
 
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
     int i;
 
-%&gt;</b>
+%&gt;</strong>
 &lt;html&gt;
  &lt;body&gt;
-  &lt;p&gt;Hello <b>&lt;%= "%s", argv[0] %&gt;</b>!&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;Hello <strong>&lt;%= "%s", argv[0] %&gt;</strong>!&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;table&gt;
    &lt;tbody&gt;
-    <b>&lt;% for (i = 1; i &lt; argc; i++) { %&gt;</b>
-    &lt;tr bgcolor="<b>&lt;%= i % 2 == 0 ? "#FFCCCC" : "#CCCCFF" %&gt;</b>"&gt;
-      &lt;td&gt;<b>&lt;%= "%d", i %&gt;</b>&lt;/td&gt;
-      &lt;td&gt;<b>&lt;%= "%s", argv[i] %&gt;</b>&lt;/td&gt;
+    <strong>&lt;% for (i = 1; i &lt; argc; i++) { %&gt;</strong>
+    &lt;tr bgcolor="<strong>&lt;%= i % 2 == 0 ? "#FFCCCC" : "#CCCCFF" %&gt;</strong>"&gt;
+      &lt;td&gt;<strong>&lt;%= "%d", i %&gt;</strong>&lt;/td&gt;
+      &lt;td&gt;<strong>&lt;%= "%s", argv[i] %&gt;</strong>&lt;/td&gt;
     &lt;/tr&gt;
-    <b>&lt;% } %&gt;</b>
+    <strong>&lt;% } %&gt;</strong>
    &lt;/tbody&gt;
   &lt;/table&gt;
  &lt;/body&gt;
 &lt;/html&gt;
-<b>&lt;%
+<strong>&lt;%
     return 0; 
 }
-%&gt;</b>
+%&gt;</strong>
 </pre>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 compiled source code</div>
@@ -1364,7 +1543,7 @@ fputs("   &lt;/tbody&gt;\n"
 <a name="Example.ejava"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
 Example.ejava</div>
-<pre class="program"><b>&lt;%
+<pre class="program"><strong>&lt;%
 import java.util.*;
 
 public class Example {
@@ -1377,23 +1556,23 @@ public class Example {
 
   public String view() {
     StringBuffer _buf = new StringBuffer();
-%&gt;</b>
+%&gt;</strong>
 &lt;html&gt;
  &lt;body&gt;
-  &lt;p&gt;Hello <b>&lt;%= user %&gt;</b>!&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;Hello <strong>&lt;%= user %&gt;</strong>!&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;table&gt;
    &lt;tbody&gt;
-    <b>&lt;% for (int i = 0; i &lt; list.length; i++) { %&gt;</b>
-    &lt;tr bgcolor=<b>"&lt;%= i % 2 == 0 ? "#FFCCCC" : "#CCCCFF" %&gt;"</b>&gt;
-     &lt;td&gt;<b>&lt;%= i + 1 %&gt;</b>&lt;/td&gt;
-     &lt;td&gt;<b>&lt;%== list[i] %&gt;</b>&lt;/td&gt;
+    <strong>&lt;% for (int i = 0; i &lt; list.length; i++) { %&gt;</strong>
+    &lt;tr bgcolor=<strong>"&lt;%= i % 2 == 0 ? "#FFCCCC" : "#CCCCFF" %&gt;"</strong>&gt;
+     &lt;td&gt;<strong>&lt;%= i + 1 %&gt;</strong>&lt;/td&gt;
+     &lt;td&gt;<strong>&lt;%== list[i] %&gt;</strong>&lt;/td&gt;
     &lt;/tr&gt;
-    <b>&lt;% } %&gt;</b>
+    <strong>&lt;% } %&gt;</strong>
    &lt;/tbody&gt;
   &lt;/table&gt;
  &lt;body&gt;
 &lt;/html&gt;
-<b>&lt;%
+<strong>&lt;%
     return _buf.toString();
   }
 
@@ -1418,7 +1597,7 @@ public class Example {
     return sb.toString();
   }
 }
-%&gt;</b>
+%&gt;</strong>
 </pre>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 compiled source code</div>
@@ -1490,30 +1669,30 @@ return _buf.toString();
 example.escheme</div>
 <pre class="program">&lt;html&gt;
  &lt;body&gt;
-<b>&lt;%
+<strong>&lt;%
 (let ((user "Erubis")
       (items '("&lt;aaa&gt;" "b&amp;b" "\"ccc\""))
       (i 0))
- %&gt;</b>
-  &lt;p&gt;Hello <b>&lt;%= user %&gt;</b>!&lt;/p&gt;
+ %&gt;</strong>
+  &lt;p&gt;Hello <strong>&lt;%= user %&gt;</strong>!&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;table&gt;
-<b>&lt;%
+<strong>&lt;%
   (for-each
    (lambda (item)
      (set! i (+ i 1))
- %&gt;</b>
-   &lt;tr bgcolor="<b>&lt;%= (if (= (modulo i 2) 0) "#FFCCCC" "#CCCCFF") %&gt;</b>"&gt;
-    &lt;td&gt;<b>&lt;%= i %&gt;</b>&lt;/td&gt;
-    &lt;td&gt;<b>&lt;%= item %&gt;</b>&lt;/td&gt;
+ %&gt;</strong>
+   &lt;tr bgcolor="<strong>&lt;%= (if (= (modulo i 2) 0) "#FFCCCC" "#CCCCFF") %&gt;</strong>"&gt;
+    &lt;td&gt;<strong>&lt;%= i %&gt;</strong>&lt;/td&gt;
+    &lt;td&gt;<strong>&lt;%= item %&gt;</strong>&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
-<b>&lt;%
+<strong>&lt;%
    ) ; lambda end
    items) ; for-each end
- %&gt;</b>
+ %&gt;</strong>
   &lt;/table&gt;
-<b>&lt;%
+<strong>&lt;%
 ) ; let end
-%&gt;</b>
+%&gt;</strong>
  &lt;/body&gt;
 &lt;/html&gt;
 </pre>
@@ -1590,21 +1769,21 @@ compiled source code (with --func=display property)</div>
 <a name="example.eperl"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
 example.eprl</div>
-<pre class="program"><b>&lt;%
+<pre class="program"><strong>&lt;%
    my $user = 'Erubis';
    my @list = ('&lt;aaa&gt;', 'b&amp;b', '"ccc"');
-%&gt;</b>
+%&gt;</strong>
 &lt;html&gt;
  &lt;body&gt;
-  &lt;p&gt;Hello <b>&lt;%= $user %&gt;</b>!&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;Hello <strong>&lt;%= $user %&gt;</strong>!&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;table&gt;
-   <b>&lt;% $i = 0; %&gt;</b>
-   <b>&lt;% for $item (@list) { %&gt;</b>
-   &lt;tr bgcolor=<b>&lt;%= ++$i % 2 == 0 ? '#FFCCCC' : '#CCCCFF' %&gt;</b>"&gt;
-    &lt;td&gt;<b>&lt;%= $i %&gt;</b>&lt;/td&gt;
-    &lt;td&gt;<b>&lt;%= $item %&gt;</b>&lt;/td&gt;
+   <strong>&lt;% $i = 0; %&gt;</strong>
+   <strong>&lt;% for $item (@list) { %&gt;</strong>
+   &lt;tr bgcolor=<strong>&lt;%= ++$i % 2 == 0 ? '#FFCCCC' : '#CCCCFF' %&gt;</strong>"&gt;
+    &lt;td&gt;<strong>&lt;%= $i %&gt;</strong>&lt;/td&gt;
+    &lt;td&gt;<strong>&lt;%= $item %&gt;</strong>&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
-   <b>&lt;% } %&gt;</b>
+   <strong>&lt;% } %&gt;</strong>
   &lt;/table&gt;
  &lt;/body&gt;
 &lt;/html&gt;
@@ -1612,7 +1791,7 @@ example.eprl</div>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 compiled source code</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ erubis -l perl example.eperl
-
+use HTML::Entities; 
    my $user = 'Erubis';
    my @list = ('&lt;aaa&gt;', 'b&amp;b', '"ccc"');
 
@@ -1637,25 +1816,25 @@ print('  &lt;/table&gt;
 
 <a name="lang-javascript"></a>
 <h3 class="section2">JavaScript</h3>
-<p>example.ejs
-</p>
 <a name="example.ejs"></a>
-<pre class="program"><b>&lt;%
+<div class="program_caption">
+example.ejs</div>
+<pre class="program"><strong>&lt;%
    var user = 'Erubis';
    var list = ['&lt;aaa&gt;', 'b&amp;b', '"ccc"'];
- %&gt;</b>
+ %&gt;</strong>
 &lt;html&gt;
  &lt;body&gt;
-  &lt;p&gt;Hello <b>&lt;%= user %&gt;</b>!&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;p&gt;Hello <strong>&lt;%= user %&gt;</strong>!&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;table&gt;
    &lt;tbody&gt;
-    <b>&lt;% var i; %&gt;</b>
-    <b>&lt;% for (i = 0; i &lt; list.length; i++) { %&gt;</b>
-    &lt;tr bgcolor="<b>&lt;%= i % 2 == 0 ? '#FFCCCC' : '#CCCCFF' %&gt;</b>"&gt;
-     &lt;td&gt;<b>&lt;%= i + 1 %&gt;</b>&lt;/td&gt;
-     &lt;td&gt;<b>&lt;%= list[i] %&gt;</b>&lt;/td&gt;
+    <strong>&lt;% var i; %&gt;</strong>
+    <strong>&lt;% for (i = 0; i &lt; list.length; i++) { %&gt;</strong>
+    &lt;tr bgcolor="<strong>&lt;%= i % 2 == 0 ? '#FFCCCC' : '#CCCCFF' %&gt;</strong>"&gt;
+     &lt;td&gt;<strong>&lt;%= i + 1 %&gt;</strong>&lt;/td&gt;
+     &lt;td&gt;<strong>&lt;%= list[i] %&gt;</strong>&lt;/td&gt;
     &lt;/tr&gt;
-    <b>&lt;% } %&gt;</b>
+    <strong>&lt;% } %&gt;</strong>
    &lt;/tbody&gt;
   &lt;/table&gt;
  &lt;/body&gt;
@@ -1703,10 +1882,43 @@ try TinyEruby class.
 <br>
 
 
+<a name="topics-rails"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Ruby on Rails Support</h3>
+<p>Erubis supports Ruby on Rails.
+Add the following code to your 'app/controllers/application.rb'.
+</p>
+<div class="program_caption">
+app/controllers/application.rb</div>
+<pre class="program">require 'erubis/helper/rails'
+suffix = 'erubis' 
+ActionView::Base.register_template_handler(suffix, Erubis::Helper::RailsTemplate)
+#Erubis::Helper::RailsTemplate.engine_class = Erubis::EscapedEruby ## or Erubis::PI::Eruby
+#Erubis::Helper::RailsTemplate.default_properties = { :escape=&gt;true, :escapefunc=&gt;'h' }
+</pre>
+<p>If you specify Erubis::Helper::CachedRailsTemplate class instead of Erubis::Helper::RailsTemplate class, template string is cached in memory (but template is not reloaded when it is modified).
+</p>
+<p>You may got the followign error:
+</p>
+<pre class="program">(eval):10:in `render': no block given
+</pre>
+<p>It is because layout file scaffold created contains 'yield' method.
+Use '@content_for_layout' instead 'yield'.
+</p>
+<div class="program_caption">
+app/views/layouts/xxx.erubis</div>
+<pre class="program">  ...
+  &lt;%<strong>#</strong>= yield %&gt;
+  <strong>&lt;%= @content_for_layout %&gt;</strong>
+  ...
+</pre>
+<br>
+
+
 <a name="topics-php"></a>
-<h3 class="section2">NoTextEnhancer in PHP</h3>
-<p>NoTextEnhancer is quite useful not only for eRuby but also for PHP.
-It can "drop" HTML text and show up embedded Ruby/PHP code.
+<h3 class="section2">NoTextEnhancer and NoCodeEnhancer in PHP</h3>
+<p>NoTextEnhancer and NoCodEnahncer are quite useful not only for eRuby but also for PHP.
+The former "drops" HTML text and show up embedded Ruby/PHP code
+and the latter drops embedded Ruby/PHP code and leave HTML text.
 </p>
 <p>For example, see the following PHP script.
 </p>
@@ -1738,22 +1950,150 @@ NoTextEnhancer can separate PHP code from HTML document.
 </p>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 example of using NoTextEnhancer with PHP file</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -T -l php -E NoText -p '&lt;\?php \?&gt;' notext-example.php | uniq
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -T -l php -E NoText -p '&lt;\?php \?&gt;' notext-example.php | cat -n
+     1	
+     2	
+     3	
+     4	    &lt;?php if (!$list || count($list) == 0) { ?&gt;
+     5	
+     6	    &lt;?php } else { ?&gt;
+     7	
+     8	
+     9	        &lt;?php $i = 0; ?&gt;
+    10	        &lt;?php foreach ($list as $item) { ?&gt;
+    11	                     &lt;?php echo ++$i % 2 == 1 ? '#FFCCCC' : '#CCCCFF'; ?&gt;
+    12	              &lt;?php echo $item; ?&gt;
+    13	
+    14	        &lt;?php } ?&gt;
+    15	
+    16	
+    17	    &lt;?php } ?&gt;
+    18	
+    19	
+</pre>
+<p>In the same way, NoCodeEnhancer can extract HTML tags.
+</p>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+example of using NoCodeEnhancer with PHP file</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ erubis -T -l php -E NoCode -p '&lt;\?php \?&gt;' notext-example.php | cat -n
+     1	&lt;html&gt;
+     2	  &lt;body&gt;
+     3	    &lt;h3&gt;List&lt;/h3&gt;
+     4	    
+     5	    &lt;p&gt;not found.&lt;/p&gt;
+     6	    
+     7	    &lt;table&gt;
+     8	      &lt;tbody&gt;
+     9	        
+    10	        
+    11	        &lt;tr bgcolor=""&gt;
+    12	          &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
+    13	        &lt;/tr&gt;
+    14	        
+    15	      &lt;/tbody&gt;
+    16	    &lt;/table&gt;
+    17	    
+    18	  &lt;/body&gt;
+    19	&lt;/html&gt;
+</pre>
+<br>
 
-    &lt;?php if (!$list || count($list) == 0) { ?&gt;
 
-    &lt;?php } else { ?&gt;
+<a name="topics-notext"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Command <code>notext</code></h3>
+<p>Command 'notext' removes text part from eRuby script and leaves only embedded Ruby code.
+This is very useful when debugging eRuby script.
+</p>
+<div class="program_caption">
+notext-ex.rhtml</div>
+<pre class="program">&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt;
+  &lt;title&gt;notext example&lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+  &lt;table&gt;
+&lt;% @list.each_with_index do |item, i| %&gt;
+&lt;%   klass = i % 2 == 0 ? 'odd' : 'even' %&gt;
+   &lt;tr class="&lt;%= klass %&gt;"&gt;
+    &lt;td&gt;&lt;%== item %&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
+   &lt;/tr&gt;
+&lt;% end %&gt;
+  &lt;/table&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;
+</pre>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+command line example</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ notext notext-ex.rhtml
+_buf = [];
 
-        &lt;?php $i = 0; ?&gt;
-        &lt;?php foreach ($list as $item) { ?&gt;
-                     &lt;?php echo ++$i % 2 == 1 ? '#FFCCCC' : '#CCCCFF'; ?&gt;
-              &lt;?php echo $item; ?&gt;
 
-        &lt;?php } ?&gt;
 
-    &lt;?php } ?&gt;
 
+
+ @list.each_with_index do |item, i| ;
+   klass = i % 2 == 0 ? 'odd' : 'even' ;
+               _buf &lt;&lt; ( klass ).to_s;
+         _buf &lt;&lt; Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( item );
+
+ end ;
+
+
+_buf.join
 </pre>
+<p>Command-line option '-u' deletes continuous empty lines to one empty line.
+</p>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+command-line example</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ notext <strong>-u</strong> notext-ex.rhtml
+_buf = [];
+
+ @list.each_with_index do |item, i| ;
+   klass = i % 2 == 0 ? 'odd' : 'even' ;
+               _buf &lt;&lt; ( klass ).to_s;
+         _buf &lt;&lt; Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( item );
+
+ end ;
+
+_buf.join
+</pre>
+<p>Command-line option '-c' deletes all empty lines.
+</p>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+command-line example</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ notext <strong>-c</strong> notext-ex.rhtml
+_buf = [];
+ @list.each_with_index do |item, i| ;
+   klass = i % 2 == 0 ? 'odd' : 'even' ;
+               _buf &lt;&lt; ( klass ).to_s;
+         _buf &lt;&lt; Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( item );
+ end ;
+_buf.join
+</pre>
+<p>Command-line option '-n' shows line numbers. It can work with '-c' or '-u'.
+</p>
+<pre class="terminal">$ notext <strong>-nu</strong> example2.rhtml
+  1: _buf = [];
+
+  7:  @list.each_with_index do |item, i| ;
+  8:    klass = i % 2 == 0 ? 'odd' : 'even' ;
+  9:                _buf &lt;&lt; ( klass ).to_s;
+ 10:          _buf &lt;&lt; Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( item );
+
+ 12:  end ;
+
+ 16: _buf.join
+$ notext <strong>-nc</strong> example2.rhtml
+  1: _buf = [];
+  7:  @list.each_with_index do |item, i| ;
+  8:    klass = i % 2 == 0 ? 'odd' : 'even' ;
+  9:                _buf &lt;&lt; ( klass ).to_s;
+ 10:          _buf &lt;&lt; Erubis::XmlHelper.escape_xml( item );
+ 12:  end ;
+ 16: _buf.join
+</pre>
+<p>Command 'notext' supports '-l <em>lang</em>' options. For example, command-line option '-l php' retrieves embedded PHP code from PHP file.
+</p>
 <br>
 
 
@@ -1763,43 +2103,37 @@ example of using NoTextEnhancer with PHP file</div>
 Here is an example result of benchmark.
 </p>
 <div class="output_caption">
-Env: Linux FedoraCore4, Celeron 667MHz, Mem512MB, Ruby1.8.4</div>
+Env: Linux FedoraCore4, Celeron 667MHz, Mem512MB, Ruby1.8.4, eruby1.0.5</div>
 <pre class="output">                                        user     system      total        real
-ERuby                             138.280000   1.900000 140.180000 (141.470426)
-ERB                               402.220000   3.190000 405.410000 (408.886894)
-Erubis::Eruby                     147.080000   2.400000 149.480000 (150.752255)
-Erubis::StringBufferEruby         186.130000   2.600000 188.730000 (190.374098)
-Erubis::SimplifiedEruby           130.100000   2.210000 132.310000 (133.426010)
-Erubis::StdoutEruby               106.010000   2.130000 108.140000 (108.999193)
-Erubis::StdoutSimplifiedEruby      97.130000   2.180000  99.310000 (100.104433)
-Erubis::TinyEruby                 118.740000   2.360000 121.100000 (122.141380)
-Erubis::TinyStdoutEruby            86.140000   1.840000  87.980000 ( 88.679196)
+ERuby                             131.990000   1.900000 133.890000 (135.061456)
+ERB                               385.040000   3.180000 388.220000 (391.570653)
+Erubis::Eruby                     127.750000   2.520000 130.270000 (131.385922)
+Erubis::StringBufferEruby         167.610000   2.600000 170.210000 (171.712798)
+Erubis::StdoutEruby                92.790000   2.000000  94.790000 ( 95.532633)
+Erubis::TinyEruby                 118.720000   2.250000 120.970000 (122.022996)
+Erubis::TinyStdoutEruby            87.130000   2.030000  89.160000 ( 89.879538)
 </pre>
 <div class="output_caption">
-Env: MacOS X 10.4, PowerPC 1.42GHz, Mem1.5GB, Ruby1.8.4</div>
+Env: MacOS X 10.4, PowerPC 1.42GHz, Mem1.5GB, Ruby1.8.4, eruby1.0.5</div>
 <pre class="output">                                        user     system      total        real
 ERuby                              55.040000   2.120000  57.160000 ( 89.311397)
 ERB                               103.960000   3.480000 107.440000 (159.231792)
 Erubis::Eruby                      36.130000   1.570000  37.700000 ( 52.188574)
 Erubis::StringBufferEruby          47.270000   1.980000  49.250000 ( 73.867537)
-Erubis::SimplifiedEruby            34.310000   1.600000  35.910000 ( 51.762841)
 Erubis::StdoutEruby                26.240000   1.490000  27.730000 ( 41.840430)
-Erubis::StdoutSimplifiedEruby      25.380000   1.340000  26.720000 ( 37.231918)
 Erubis::TinyEruby                  31.690000   1.590000  33.280000 ( 49.862091)
 Erubis::TinyStdoutEruby            22.550000   1.230000  23.780000 ( 33.316978)
 </pre>
 <p>This shows that:
 </p>
 <ul type="disc">
-<li>Erubis::Eruby is about 2.7 or 2.9 times faster than ERB.
+<li>Erubis::Eruby is about 3 times faster than ERB.
 </li>
-<li>Erubis::Eruby is about 6% slower in linux or 1.5 times faster than ERuby in Mac.
-</li>
-<li>Erubis::SimplifiedEruby (which incudes SimplifiedEnhander) is faster than ERuby.
+<li>Erubis::Eruby is about 3% faster than ERuby in linux or 1.5 times faster in Mac.
 </li>
 <li>String buffer (StringBufferEnhancer) is slower than array buffer (ArrayBufferEnhancer which Erubis::Eruby includes)
 </li>
-<li>Using print statement or $stdout is faster than array buffer and string buffer.
+<li>Using $stdout is faster than array buffer and string buffer.
 </li>
 <li>Erubis::TinyEruby (at 'erubis/tiny.rb') and it's subclasses are the fastest in all eRuby implementation.
 </li>
@@ -1814,7 +2148,7 @@ Erubis::TinyStdoutEruby            22.550000   1.230000  23.780000 ( 33.316978)
 <h2 class="section1">Command Reference</h2>
 <a name="command-usage"></a>
 <h3 class="section2">Usage</h3>
-<p>erubis [..options..] [<i>file</i> ...]
+<p>erubis [..options..] [<em>file</em> ...]
 </p>
 <br>
 
@@ -1858,7 +2192,7 @@ Erubis::TinyStdoutEruby            22.550000   1.230000  23.780000 ( 33.316978)
 -p pattern    </b></dt>
   <dd class="dd3">
   	Embedded pattern (default '&lt;% %&gt;').
-			This is equivarent to '--pattern=<i>pattern</i>'.
+			This is equivarent to '--pattern=<em>pattern</em>'.
   </dd>
   <dt class="dt3"><b>
 -l lang       </b></dt>
@@ -1907,6 +2241,11 @@ Erubis::TinyStdoutEruby            22.550000   1.230000  23.780000 ( 33.316978)
   <dd class="dd3">
   	invoke Eruby#result() instead of Eruby#evaluate()
   </dd>
+  <dt class="dt3"><b>
+--pi[=name]   </b></dt>
+  <dd class="dd3">
+  	parse '&lt;?name ... ?&gt;' instead of '&lt;% ... %&gt;'
+  </dd>
   </dl>
 <br>