enumerable-stats 1.1.0 → 1.2.0

checksums.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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data/lib/enumerable-stats.rb

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-require_relative 'enumerable_stats/enumerable_ext'
+require_relative "enumerable_stats/enumerable_ext"
 
 module Enumerable
   include EnumerableStats::EnumerableExt

data/lib/enumerable_stats/enumerable_ext.rb

@@ -1,6 +1,36 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module EnumerableStats
+  # Extension module that adds statistical methods to all Enumerable objects.
+  #
+  # This module provides essential statistical functions including measures of central tendency
+  # (mean, median), measures of dispersion (variance, standard deviation), percentile calculations,
+  # outlier detection using the IQR method, and statistical comparison methods.
+  #
+  # When included, these methods become available on all Ruby collections that include
+  # Enumerable (Arrays, Ranges, Sets, etc.), enabling seamless statistical analysis
+  # without external dependencies.
+  #
+  # @example Basic statistical calculations
+  #   [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].mean          #=> 3.0
+  #   [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].median        #=> 3
+  #   [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].percentile(75) #=> 4.0
+  #
+  # @example Outlier detection
+  #   data = [1, 2, 3, 4, 100]
+  #   data.remove_outliers           #=> [1, 2, 3, 4]
+  #   data.outlier_stats             #=> { outliers_removed: 1, percentage: 20.0, ... }
+  #
+  # @example Statistical testing
+  #   control = [10, 12, 14, 16, 18]
+  #   treatment = [15, 17, 19, 21, 23]
+  #   control.t_value(treatment)     #=> negative t-statistic
+  #   control.degrees_of_freedom(treatment) #=> degrees of freedom for Welch's t-test
+  #   treatment.greater_than?(control) #=> true (treatment mean significantly > control mean)
+  #   control.less_than?(treatment)    #=> true (control mean significantly < treatment mean)
+  #
+  # @see Enumerable
+  # @since 0.1.0
   module EnumerableExt
     # Calculates the percentage difference between this collection's mean and another value or collection's mean
     # Uses the symmetric percentage difference formula: |a - b| / ((a + b) / 2) * 100
@@ -13,7 +43,7 @@ module EnumerableStats
       b = other.respond_to?(:mean) ? other.mean.to_f : other.to_f
 
       return 0.0 if a == b
-      return Float::INFINITY if a + b == 0
+      return Float::INFINITY if (a + b).zero?
 
       ((a - b).abs / ((a + b) / 2.0).abs) * 100
     end
@@ -29,7 +59,7 @@ module EnumerableStats
       b = other.respond_to?(:mean) ? other.mean.to_f : other.to_f
 
       return 0.0 if a == b
-      return Float::INFINITY if a + b == 0
+      return Float::INFINITY if (a + b).zero?
 
       ((a - b) / ((a + b) / 2.0).abs) * 100
     end
@@ -70,12 +100,52 @@ module EnumerableStats
 
       n = (n1 + n2)**2
 
-      d1 = variance**2 / (count**2 * (count - 1))
-      d2 = other.variance**2 / (other.count**2 * (other.count - 1))
+      d1 = (variance**2) / ((count**2) * (count - 1))
+      d2 = (other.variance**2) / ((other.count**2) * (other.count - 1))
 
       n / (d1 + d2)
     end
 
+    # Tests if this collection's mean is significantly greater than another collection's mean
+    # using a one-tailed Student's t-test. Returns true if the test indicates statistical
+    # significance at the specified alpha level.
+    #
+    # @param other [Enumerable] Another collection to compare against
+    # @param alpha [Float] Significance level (default: 0.05 for 95% confidence)
+    # @return [Boolean] True if this collection's mean is significantly greater
+    # @example
+    #   control = [10, 12, 11, 13, 12]     # mean ≈ 11.6
+    #   treatment = [15, 17, 16, 18, 14]   # mean = 16.0
+    #   treatment.greater_than?(control)   # => true (treatment significantly > control)
+    #   control.greater_than?(treatment)   # => false
+    def greater_than?(other, alpha: 0.05)
+      t_stat = t_value(other)
+      df = degrees_of_freedom(other)
+      critical_value = critical_t_value(df, alpha)
+
+      t_stat > critical_value
+    end
+
+    # Tests if this collection's mean is significantly less than another collection's mean
+    # using a one-tailed Student's t-test. Returns true if the test indicates statistical
+    # significance at the specified alpha level.
+    #
+    # @param other [Enumerable] Another collection to compare against
+    # @param alpha [Float] Significance level (default: 0.05 for 95% confidence)
+    # @return [Boolean] True if this collection's mean is significantly less
+    # @example
+    #   control = [10, 12, 11, 13, 12]     # mean ≈ 11.6
+    #   treatment = [15, 17, 16, 18, 14]   # mean = 16.0
+    #   control.less_than?(treatment)      # => true (control significantly < treatment)
+    #   treatment.less_than?(control)      # => false
+    def less_than?(other, alpha: 0.05)
+      t_stat = t_value(other)
+      df = degrees_of_freedom(other)
+      critical_value = critical_t_value(df, alpha)
+
+      t_stat < -critical_value
+    end
+
     # Calculates the arithmetic mean (average) of the collection
     #
     # @return [Float] The arithmetic mean of all numeric values
@@ -96,7 +166,7 @@ module EnumerableStats
     #   [5, 1, 3, 2, 4].median        # => 3 (automatically sorts)
     #   [].median                     # => nil
     def median
-      return nil if size == 0
+      return nil if size.zero?
 
       sorted = sort
       midpoint = size / 2
@@ -123,7 +193,7 @@ module EnumerableStats
     #   [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].percentile(100)   # => 5 (maximum value)
     #   [].percentile(50)                 # => nil (empty collection)
     def percentile(percentile)
-      return nil if size == 0
+      return nil if size.zero?
 
       unless percentile.is_a?(Numeric) && percentile >= 0 && percentile <= 100
         raise ArgumentError, "Percentile must be a number between 0 and 100, got #{percentile}"
@@ -132,7 +202,7 @@ module EnumerableStats
       sorted = sort
 
       # Handle edge cases
-      return sorted.first if percentile == 0
+      return sorted.first if percentile.zero?
       return sorted.last if percentile == 100
 
       # Calculate the position using the "linear" method (R-7/Excel method)
@@ -151,7 +221,7 @@ module EnumerableStats
         lower_value = sorted[lower_index]
         upper_value = sorted[upper_index]
 
-        lower_value + weight * (upper_value - lower_value)
+        lower_value + (weight * (upper_value - lower_value))
       end
     end
 
@@ -164,7 +234,7 @@ module EnumerableStats
     #   [5, 5, 5, 5].variance         # => 0.0 (no variation)
     def variance
       mean = self.mean
-      sum_of_squares = map { |r| (r - mean)**2 }.sum
+      sum_of_squares = sum { |r| (r - mean)**2 }
       sum_of_squares / (count - 1).to_f
     end
 
@@ -204,7 +274,7 @@ module EnumerableStats
         lower_index = q1_pos.floor
         upper_index = q1_pos.ceil
         weight = q1_pos - q1_pos.floor
-        q1 = sorted[lower_index] + weight * (sorted[upper_index] - sorted[lower_index])
+        q1 = sorted[lower_index] + (weight * (sorted[upper_index] - sorted[lower_index]))
       end
 
       # Calculate Q3
@@ -214,7 +284,7 @@ module EnumerableStats
         lower_index = q3_pos.floor
         upper_index = q3_pos.ceil
         weight = q3_pos - q3_pos.floor
-        q3 = sorted[lower_index] + weight * (sorted[upper_index] - sorted[lower_index])
+        q3 = sorted[lower_index] + (weight * (sorted[upper_index] - sorted[lower_index]))
       end
 
       iqr = q3 - q1
@@ -224,7 +294,7 @@ module EnumerableStats
       upper_bound = q3 + (multiplier * iqr)
 
       # Filter out outliers
-      select { |value| value >= lower_bound && value <= upper_bound }
+      select { |value| value.between?(lower_bound, upper_bound) }
     end
 
     # Returns statistics about outlier removal for debugging/logging
@@ -247,5 +317,78 @@ module EnumerableStats
         outlier_percentage: ((original_count - filtered.size).to_f / original_count * 100).round(2)
       }
     end
+
+    private
+
+    # Calculates the critical t-value for a one-tailed test given degrees of freedom and alpha level
+    # Uses a lookup table for common df values and approximations for others
+    #
+    # @param df [Float] Degrees of freedom
+    # @param alpha [Float] Significance level (e.g., 0.05 for 95% confidence)
+    # @return [Float] Critical t-value for one-tailed test
+    def critical_t_value(df, alpha)
+      # For large df (≥30), t-distribution approximates normal distribution
+      return normal_critical_value(alpha) if df >= 30
+
+      # Lookup table for common t-values (one-tailed, α = 0.05)
+      # These are standard critical values from t-tables
+      t_table_05 = {
+        1 => 6.314, 2 => 2.920, 3 => 2.353, 4 => 2.132, 5 => 2.015,
+        6 => 1.943, 7 => 1.895, 8 => 1.860, 9 => 1.833, 10 => 1.812,
+        11 => 1.796, 12 => 1.782, 13 => 1.771, 14 => 1.761, 15 => 1.753,
+        16 => 1.746, 17 => 1.740, 18 => 1.734, 19 => 1.729, 20 => 1.725,
+        21 => 1.721, 22 => 1.717, 23 => 1.714, 24 => 1.711, 25 => 1.708,
+        26 => 1.706, 27 => 1.703, 28 => 1.701, 29 => 1.699
+      }
+
+      # Lookup table for common t-values (one-tailed, α = 0.01)
+      t_table_01 = {
+        1 => 31.821, 2 => 6.965, 3 => 4.541, 4 => 3.747, 5 => 3.365,
+        6 => 3.143, 7 => 2.998, 8 => 2.896, 9 => 2.821, 10 => 2.764,
+        11 => 2.718, 12 => 2.681, 13 => 2.650, 14 => 2.624, 15 => 2.602,
+        16 => 2.583, 17 => 2.567, 18 => 2.552, 19 => 2.539, 20 => 2.528,
+        21 => 2.518, 22 => 2.508, 23 => 2.500, 24 => 2.492, 25 => 2.485,
+        26 => 2.479, 27 => 2.473, 28 => 2.467, 29 => 2.462
+      }
+
+      df_int = df.round
+
+      if alpha <= 0.01
+        t_table_01[df_int] || t_table_01[29] # Use df=29 as fallback for larger values
+      elsif alpha <= 0.05
+        t_table_05[df_int] || t_table_05[29] # Use df=29 as fallback for larger values
+      else
+        # For alpha > 0.05, interpolate or use approximation
+        # This is a rough approximation for other alpha levels
+        base_t = t_table_05[df_int] || t_table_05[29]
+        base_t * ((0.05 / alpha)**0.5)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Returns the critical value for standard normal distribution (z-score)
+    # Used when degrees of freedom is large (≥30)
+    #
+    # @param alpha [Float] Significance level
+    # @return [Float] Critical z-value for one-tailed test
+    def normal_critical_value(alpha)
+      # Common z-values for one-tailed tests
+      # Use approximate comparisons to avoid float equality issues
+      if (alpha - 0.10).abs < 1e-10
+        1.282
+      elsif (alpha - 0.05).abs < 1e-10
+        1.645
+      elsif (alpha - 0.025).abs < 1e-10
+        1.960
+      elsif (alpha - 0.01).abs < 1e-10
+        2.326
+      elsif (alpha - 0.005).abs < 1e-10
+        2.576
+      else
+        # Approximation using inverse normal for other alpha values
+        # This is a rough approximation of the inverse normal CDF
+        # For α = 0.05, this gives approximately 1.645
+        Math.sqrt(-2 * Math.log(alpha))
+      end
+    end
   end
-end
+end

metadata

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 --- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
 name: enumerable-stats
 version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-  version: 1.1.0
+  version: 1.2.0
 platform: ruby
 authors:
 - Jon Daniel
 autorequire:
 bindir: bin
 cert_chain: []
-date: 2025-08-01 00:00:00.000000000 Z
+date: 2025-08-02 00:00:00.000000000 Z
 dependencies: []
 description: |
   A Ruby gem that extends all Enumerable objects (Arrays, Ranges, Sets, etc.) with essential statistical methods.