enum_state_machine 0.0.1

data/lib/enum_state_machine/integrations/active_record/versions.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+module EnumStateMachine
+  module Integrations #:nodoc:
+    module ActiveRecord
+      version '2.x - 3.0.x' do
+        def self.active?
+          ::ActiveRecord::VERSION::MAJOR == 2 || ::ActiveRecord::VERSION::MAJOR == 3 && ::ActiveRecord::VERSION::MINOR == 0
+        end
+        
+        def define_static_state_initializer
+          define_helper :instance, <<-end_eval, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
+            def attributes_from_column_definition(*)
+              result = super
+              self.class.state_machines.initialize_states(self, :static => :force, :dynamic => false, :to => result)
+              result
+            end
+          end_eval
+        end
+      end
+      
+      version '2.x' do
+        def self.active?
+          ::ActiveRecord::VERSION::MAJOR == 2
+        end
+        
+        def load_locale
+          super if defined?(I18n)
+        end
+        
+        def create_scope(name, scope)
+          if owner_class.respond_to?(:named_scope)
+            name = name.to_sym
+            machine_name = self.name
+            
+            # Since ActiveRecord does not allow direct access to the model
+            # being used within the evaluation of a dynamic named scope, the
+            # scope must be generated manually.  It's necessary to have access
+            # to the model so that the state names can be translated to their
+            # associated values and so that inheritance is respected properly.
+            owner_class.named_scope(name)
+            owner_class.scopes[name] = lambda do |model, *states|
+              machine_states = model.state_machine(machine_name).states
+              values = states.flatten.map {|state| machine_states.fetch(state).value}
+              
+              ::ActiveRecord::NamedScope::Scope.new(model, :conditions => scope.call(values))
+            end
+          end
+          
+          # Prevent the Machine class from wrapping the scope
+          false
+        end
+        
+        def invalidate(object, attribute, message, values = [])
+          if defined?(I18n)
+            super
+          else
+            object.errors.add(self.attribute(attribute), generate_message(message, values))
+          end
+        end
+        
+        def translate(klass, key, value)
+          if defined?(I18n)
+            super
+          else
+            value ? value.to_s.humanize.downcase : 'nil'
+          end
+        end
+        
+        def supports_observers?
+          true
+        end
+        
+        def supports_validations?
+          true
+        end
+        
+        def supports_mass_assignment_security?
+          true
+        end
+        
+        def i18n_scope(klass)
+          :activerecord
+        end
+        
+        def load_observer_extensions
+          super
+          ::ActiveRecord::Observer.class_eval do
+            include EnumStateMachine::Integrations::ActiveModel::Observer
+          end unless ::ActiveRecord::Observer < EnumStateMachine::Integrations::ActiveModel::Observer
+        end
+      end
+      
+      version '2.0 - 2.2.x' do
+        def self.active?
+          ::ActiveRecord::VERSION::MAJOR == 2 && ::ActiveRecord::VERSION::MINOR < 3
+        end
+        
+        def default_error_message_options(object, attribute, message)
+          {:default => @messages[message]}
+        end
+      end
+      
+      version '2.0 - 2.3.1' do
+        def self.active?
+          ::ActiveRecord::VERSION::MAJOR == 2 && (::ActiveRecord::VERSION::MINOR < 3 || ::ActiveRecord::VERSION::TINY < 2)
+        end
+        
+        def ancestors_for(klass)
+          klass.self_and_descendents_from_active_record
+        end
+      end
+      
+      version '2.3.2 - 2.3.x' do
+        def self.active?
+          ::ActiveRecord::VERSION::MAJOR == 2 && ::ActiveRecord::VERSION::MINOR == 3 && ::ActiveRecord::VERSION::TINY >= 2
+        end
+        
+        def ancestors_for(klass)
+          klass.self_and_descendants_from_active_record
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/enum_state_machine/integrations/active_record.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,548 @@
+require 'enum_state_machine/integrations/active_model'
+
+module EnumStateMachine
+  module Integrations #:nodoc:
+    # Adds support for integrating state machines with ActiveRecord models.
+    # 
+    # == Examples
+    # 
+    # Below is an example of a simple state machine defined within an
+    # ActiveRecord model:
+    # 
+    #   class Vehicle < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     state_machine :initial => :parked do
+    #       event :ignite do
+    #         transition :parked => :idling
+    #       end
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    # 
+    # The examples in the sections below will use the above class as a
+    # reference.
+    # 
+    # == Actions
+    # 
+    # By default, the action that will be invoked when a state is transitioned
+    # is the +save+ action.  This will cause the record to save the changes
+    # made to the state machine's attribute.  *Note* that if any other changes
+    # were made to the record prior to transition, then those changes will
+    # be saved as well.
+    # 
+    # For example,
+    # 
+    #   vehicle = Vehicle.create          # => #<Vehicle id: 1, name: nil, state: "parked">
+    #   vehicle.name = 'Ford Explorer'
+    #   vehicle.ignite                    # => true
+    #   vehicle.reload                    # => #<Vehicle id: 1, name: "Ford Explorer", state: "idling">
+    # 
+    # == Events
+    # 
+    # As described in EnumStateMachine::InstanceMethods#state_machine, event
+    # attributes are created for every machine that allow transitions to be
+    # performed automatically when the object's action (in this case, :save)
+    # is called.
+    # 
+    # In ActiveRecord, these automated events are run in the following order:
+    # * before validation - Run before callbacks and persist new states, then validate
+    # * before save - If validation was skipped, run before callbacks and persist new states, then save
+    # * after save - Run after callbacks
+    # 
+    # For example,
+    # 
+    #   vehicle = Vehicle.create          # => #<Vehicle id: 1, name: nil, state: "parked">
+    #   vehicle.state_event               # => nil
+    #   vehicle.state_event = 'invalid'
+    #   vehicle.valid?                    # => false
+    #   vehicle.errors.full_messages      # => ["State event is invalid"]
+    #   
+    #   vehicle.state_event = 'ignite'
+    #   vehicle.valid?                    # => true
+    #   vehicle.save                      # => true
+    #   vehicle.state                     # => "idling"
+    #   vehicle.state_event               # => nil
+    # 
+    # Note that this can also be done on a mass-assignment basis:
+    # 
+    #   vehicle = Vehicle.create(:state_event => 'ignite')  # => #<Vehicle id: 1, name: nil, state: "idling">
+    #   vehicle.state                                       # => "idling"
+    # 
+    # This technique is always used for transitioning states when the +save+
+    # action (which is the default) is configured for the machine.
+    # 
+    # === Security implications
+    # 
+    # Beware that public event attributes mean that events can be fired
+    # whenever mass-assignment is being used.  If you want to prevent malicious
+    # users from tampering with events through URLs / forms, the attribute
+    # should be protected like so:
+    # 
+    #   class Vehicle < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     attr_protected :state_event
+    #     # attr_accessible ... # Alternative technique
+    #     
+    #     state_machine do
+    #       ...
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    # 
+    # If you want to only have *some* events be able to fire via mass-assignment,
+    # you can build two state machines (one public and one protected) like so:
+    # 
+    #   class Vehicle < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     attr_protected :state_event # Prevent access to events in the first machine
+    #     
+    #     state_machine do
+    #       # Define private events here
+    #     end
+    #     
+    #     # Public machine targets the same state as the private machine
+    #     state_machine :public_state, :attribute => :state do
+    #       # Define public events here
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    # 
+    # == Transactions
+    # 
+    # In order to ensure that any changes made during transition callbacks
+    # are rolled back during a failed attempt, every transition is wrapped
+    # within a transaction.
+    # 
+    # For example,
+    # 
+    #   class Message < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #   end
+    #   
+    #   Vehicle.state_machine do
+    #     before_transition do |vehicle, transition|
+    #       Message.create(:content => transition.inspect)
+    #       false
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    #   
+    #   vehicle = Vehicle.create      # => #<Vehicle id: 1, name: nil, state: "parked">
+    #   vehicle.ignite                # => false
+    #   Message.count                 # => 0
+    # 
+    # *Note* that only before callbacks that halt the callback chain and
+    # failed attempts to save the record will result in the transaction being
+    # rolled back.  If an after callback halts the chain, the previous result
+    # still applies and the transaction is *not* rolled back.
+    # 
+    # To turn off transactions:
+    # 
+    #   class Vehicle < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     state_machine :initial => :parked, :use_transactions => false do
+    #       ...
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    # 
+    # == Validations
+    # 
+    # As mentioned in EnumStateMachine::Machine#state, you can define behaviors,
+    # like validations, that only execute for certain states. One *important*
+    # caveat here is that, due to a constraint in ActiveRecord's validation
+    # framework, custom validators will not work as expected when defined to run
+    # in multiple states.  For example:
+    # 
+    #   class Vehicle < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     state_machine do
+    #       ...
+    #       state :first_gear, :second_gear do
+    #         validate :speed_is_legal
+    #       end
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    # 
+    # In this case, the <tt>:speed_is_legal</tt> validation will only get run
+    # for the <tt>:second_gear</tt> state.  To avoid this, you can define your
+    # custom validation like so:
+    # 
+    #   class Vehicle < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     state_machine do
+    #       ...
+    #       state :first_gear, :second_gear do
+    #         validate {|vehicle| vehicle.speed_is_legal}
+    #       end
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    # 
+    # == Validation errors
+    # 
+    # If an event fails to successfully fire because there are no matching
+    # transitions for the current record, a validation error is added to the
+    # record's state attribute to help in determining why it failed and for
+    # reporting via the UI.
+    # 
+    # For example,
+    # 
+    #   vehicle = Vehicle.create(:state => 'idling')  # => #<Vehicle id: 1, name: nil, state: "idling">
+    #   vehicle.ignite                                # => false
+    #   vehicle.errors.full_messages                  # => ["State cannot transition via \"ignite\""]
+    # 
+    # If an event fails to fire because of a validation error on the record and
+    # *not* because a matching transition was not available, no error messages
+    # will be added to the state attribute.
+    # 
+    # In addition, if you're using the <tt>ignite!</tt> version of the event,
+    # then the failure reason (such as the current validation errors) will be
+    # included in the exception that gets raised when the event fails.  For
+    # example, assuming there's a validation on a field called +name+ on the class:
+    # 
+    #   vehicle = Vehicle.new
+    #   vehicle.ignite!       # => EnumStateMachine::InvalidTransition: Cannot transition state via :ignite from :parked (Reason(s): Name cannot be blank)
+    # 
+    # == Scopes
+    # 
+    # To assist in filtering models with specific states, a series of named
+    # scopes are defined on the model for finding records with or without a
+    # particular set of states.
+    # 
+    # These named scopes are essentially the functional equivalent of the
+    # following definitions:
+    # 
+    #   class Vehicle < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     named_scope :with_states, lambda {|*states| {:conditions => {:state => states}}}
+    #     # with_states also aliased to with_state
+    #     
+    #     named_scope :without_states, lambda {|*states| {:conditions => ['state NOT IN (?)', states]}}
+    #     # without_states also aliased to without_state
+    #   end
+    # 
+    # *Note*, however, that the states are converted to their stored values
+    # before being passed into the query.
+    # 
+    # Because of the way named scopes work in ActiveRecord, they can be
+    # chained like so:
+    # 
+    #   Vehicle.with_state(:parked).all(:order => 'id DESC')
+    # 
+    # Note that states can also be referenced by the string version of their
+    # name:
+    # 
+    #   Vehicle.with_state('parked')
+    # 
+    # == Callbacks
+    # 
+    # All before/after transition callbacks defined for ActiveRecord models
+    # behave in the same way that other ActiveRecord callbacks behave.  The
+    # object involved in the transition is passed in as an argument.
+    # 
+    # For example,
+    # 
+    #   class Vehicle < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     state_machine :initial => :parked do
+    #       before_transition any => :idling do |vehicle|
+    #         vehicle.put_on_seatbelt
+    #       end
+    #       
+    #       before_transition do |vehicle, transition|
+    #         # log message
+    #       end
+    #       
+    #       event :ignite do
+    #         transition :parked => :idling
+    #       end
+    #     end
+    #     
+    #     def put_on_seatbelt
+    #       ...
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    # 
+    # Note, also, that the transition can be accessed by simply defining
+    # additional arguments in the callback block.
+    # 
+    # === Failure callbacks
+    # 
+    # +after_failure+ callbacks allow you to execute behaviors when a transition
+    # is allowed, but fails to save.  This could be useful for something like
+    # auditing transition attempts.  Since callbacks run within transactions in
+    # ActiveRecord, a save failure will cause any records that get created in
+    # your callback to roll back.  You can work around this issue like so:
+    # 
+    #   class TransitionLog < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     establish_connection Rails.env.to_sym
+    #   end
+    #   
+    #   class Vehicle < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     state_machine do
+    #       after_failure do |vehicle, transition|
+    #         TransitionLog.create(:vehicle => vehicle, :transition => transition)
+    #       end
+    #       
+    #       ...
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    # 
+    # The +TransitionLog+ model establishes a second connection to the database
+    # that allows new records to be saved without being affected by rollbacks
+    # in the +Vehicle+ model's transaction.
+    # 
+    # === Callback Order
+    # 
+    # Callbacks occur in the following order.  Callbacks specific to state_machine
+    # are bolded.  The remaining callbacks are part of ActiveRecord.
+    # 
+    # * (-) save
+    # * (-) begin transaction (if enabled)
+    # * (1) *before_transition*
+    # * (-) valid
+    # * (2) before_validation
+    # * (-) validate
+    # * (3) after_validation
+    # * (4) before_save
+    # * (5) before_create
+    # * (-) create
+    # * (6) after_create
+    # * (7) after_save
+    # * (8) *after_transition*
+    # * (-) end transaction (if enabled)
+    # * (9) after_commit
+    # 
+    # == Observers
+    # 
+    # In addition to support for ActiveRecord-like hooks, there is additional
+    # support for ActiveRecord observers.  Because of the way ActiveRecord
+    # observers are designed, there is less flexibility around the specific
+    # transitions that can be hooked in.  However, a large number of hooks
+    # *are* supported.  For example, if a transition for a record's +state+
+    # attribute changes the state from +parked+ to +idling+ via the +ignite+
+    # event, the following observer methods are supported:
+    # * before/after/after_failure_to-_ignite_from_parked_to_idling
+    # * before/after/after_failure_to-_ignite_from_parked
+    # * before/after/after_failure_to-_ignite_to_idling
+    # * before/after/after_failure_to-_ignite
+    # * before/after/after_failure_to-_transition_state_from_parked_to_idling
+    # * before/after/after_failure_to-_transition_state_from_parked
+    # * before/after/after_failure_to-_transition_state_to_idling
+    # * before/after/after_failure_to-_transition_state
+    # * before/after/after_failure_to-_transition
+    # 
+    # The following class shows an example of some of these hooks:
+    # 
+    #   class VehicleObserver < ActiveRecord::Observer
+    #     def before_save(vehicle)
+    #       # log message
+    #     end
+    #     
+    #     # Callback for :ignite event *before* the transition is performed
+    #     def before_ignite(vehicle, transition)
+    #       # log message
+    #     end
+    #     
+    #     # Callback for :ignite event *after* the transition has been performed
+    #     def after_ignite(vehicle, transition)
+    #       # put on seatbelt
+    #     end
+    #     
+    #     # Generic transition callback *before* the transition is performed
+    #     def after_transition(vehicle, transition)
+    #       Audit.log(vehicle, transition)
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    # 
+    # More flexible transition callbacks can be defined directly within the
+    # model as described in EnumStateMachine::Machine#before_transition
+    # and EnumStateMachine::Machine#after_transition.
+    # 
+    # To define a single observer for multiple state machines:
+    # 
+    #   class EnumStateMachineObserver < ActiveRecord::Observer
+    #     observe Vehicle, Switch, Project
+    #     
+    #     def after_transition(record, transition)
+    #       Audit.log(record, transition)
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    # 
+    # == Internationalization
+    # 
+    # In Rails 2.2+, any error message that is generated from performing invalid
+    # transitions can be localized.  The following default translations are used:
+    # 
+    #   en:
+    #     activerecord:
+    #       errors:
+    #         messages:
+    #           invalid: "is invalid"
+    #           # %{value} = attribute value, %{state} = Human state name
+    #           invalid_event: "cannot transition when %{state}"
+    #           # %{value} = attribute value, %{event} = Human event name, %{state} = Human current state name
+    #           invalid_transition: "cannot transition via %{event}"
+    # 
+    # Notice that the interpolation syntax is %{key} in Rails 3+.  In Rails 2.x,
+    # the appropriate syntax is {{key}}.
+    # 
+    # You can override these for a specific model like so:
+    # 
+    #   en:
+    #     activerecord:
+    #       errors:
+    #         models:
+    #           user:
+    #             invalid: "is not valid"
+    # 
+    # In addition to the above, you can also provide translations for the
+    # various states / events in each state machine.  Using the Vehicle example,
+    # state translations will be looked for using the following keys, where
+    # +model_name+ = "vehicle", +machine_name+ = "state" and +state_name+ = "parked":
+    # * <tt>activerecord.state_machines.#{model_name}.#{machine_name}.states.#{state_name}</tt>
+    # * <tt>activerecord.state_machines.#{model_name}.states.#{state_name}</tt>
+    # * <tt>activerecord.state_machines.#{machine_name}.states.#{state_name}</tt>
+    # * <tt>activerecord.state_machines.states.#{state_name}</tt>
+    # 
+    # Event translations will be looked for using the following keys, where
+    # +model_name+ = "vehicle", +machine_name+ = "state" and +event_name+ = "ignite":
+    # * <tt>activerecord.state_machines.#{model_name}.#{machine_name}.events.#{event_name}</tt>
+    # * <tt>activerecord.state_machines.#{model_name}.events.#{event_name}</tt>
+    # * <tt>activerecord.state_machines.#{machine_name}.events.#{event_name}</tt>
+    # * <tt>activerecord.state_machines.events.#{event_name}</tt>
+    # 
+    # An example translation configuration might look like so:
+    # 
+    #   es:
+    #     activerecord:
+    #       state_machines:
+    #         states:
+    #           parked: 'estacionado'
+    #         events:
+    #           park: 'estacionarse'
+    module ActiveRecord
+      include Base
+      include ActiveModel
+      
+      require 'enum_state_machine/integrations/active_record/versions'
+      
+      # The default options to use for state machines using this integration
+      @defaults = {:action => :save}
+      
+      # Classes that inherit from ActiveRecord::Base will automatically use
+      # the ActiveRecord integration.
+      def self.matching_ancestors
+        %w(ActiveRecord::Base)
+      end
+      
+      def self.extended(base) #:nodoc:
+        require 'active_record/version'
+        super
+      end
+      
+      protected
+        # Only runs validations on the action if using <tt>:save</tt>
+        def runs_validations_on_action?
+          action == :save
+        end
+        
+        # Gets the db default for the machine's attribute
+        def owner_class_attribute_default
+          if owner_class.connected? && owner_class.table_exists? && column = owner_class.columns_hash[attribute.to_s]
+            column.default
+          end
+        end
+        
+        # Defines an initialization hook into the owner class for setting the
+        # initial state of the machine *before* any attributes are set on the
+        # object
+        def define_state_initializer
+          define_static_state_initializer
+          define_dynamic_state_initializer
+        end
+        
+        # Initializes static states
+        def define_static_state_initializer
+          # This is the only available hook where the default set of attributes
+          # can be overridden for a new object *prior* to the processing of the
+          # attributes passed into #initialize
+          define_helper :class, <<-end_eval, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
+            def column_defaults(*) #:nodoc:
+              result = super
+              # No need to pass in an object, since the overrides will be forced
+              self.state_machines.initialize_states(nil, :static => :force, :dynamic => false, :to => result)
+              result
+            end
+          end_eval
+        end
+        
+        # Initializes dynamic states
+        def define_dynamic_state_initializer
+          define_helper :instance, <<-end_eval, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
+            def initialize(*)
+              super do |*args|
+                self.class.state_machines.initialize_states(self, :static => false)
+                yield(*args) if block_given?
+              end
+            end
+          end_eval
+        end
+        
+        # Uses around callbacks to run state events if using the :save hook
+        def define_action_hook
+          if action_hook == :save
+            define_helper :instance, <<-end_eval, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
+              def save(*)
+                self.class.state_machine(#{name.inspect}).send(:around_save, self) { super }
+              end
+              
+              def save!(*)
+                self.class.state_machine(#{name.inspect}).send(:around_save, self) { super } || raise(ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid.new(self))
+              end
+              
+              def changed_for_autosave?
+                super || self.class.state_machines.any? {|name, machine| machine.action == :save && machine.read(self, :event)}
+              end
+            end_eval
+          else
+            super
+          end
+        end
+        
+        # Runs state events around the machine's :save action
+        def around_save(object)
+          transaction(object) do
+            object.class.state_machines.transitions(object, action).perform { yield }
+          end
+        end
+        
+        # Creates a scope for finding records *with* a particular state or
+        # states for the attribute
+        def create_with_scope(name)
+          create_scope(name, lambda {|values| ["#{attribute_column} IN (?)", values]})
+        end
+        
+        # Creates a scope for finding records *without* a particular state or
+        # states for the attribute
+        def create_without_scope(name)
+          create_scope(name, lambda {|values| ["#{attribute_column} NOT IN (?)", values]})
+        end
+        
+        # Generates the fully-qualifed column name for this machine's attribute
+        def attribute_column
+          connection = owner_class.connection
+          "#{connection.quote_table_name(owner_class.table_name)}.#{connection.quote_column_name(attribute)}"
+        end
+        
+        # Runs a new database transaction, rolling back any changes by raising
+        # an ActiveRecord::Rollback exception if the yielded block fails
+        # (i.e. returns false).
+        def transaction(object)
+          result = nil
+          object.class.transaction do
+            raise ::ActiveRecord::Rollback unless result = yield
+          end
+          result
+        end
+        
+        # Defines a new named scope with the given name
+        def create_scope(name, scope)
+          lambda {|model, values| model.where(scope.call(values))}
+        end
+        
+        # ActiveModel's use of method_missing / respond_to for attribute methods
+        # breaks both ancestor lookups and defined?(super).  Need to special-case
+        # the existence of query attribute methods.
+        def owner_class_ancestor_has_method?(scope, method)
+          scope == :instance && method == "#{attribute}?" ? owner_class : super
+        end
+    end
+  end
+end