engineyard-serverside 2.0.5 → 2.0.6

data/lib/vendor/multi_json/Rakefile

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+require 'bundler'
+Bundler::GemHelper.install_tasks
+
+require 'rspec/core/rake_task'
+desc "Run all examples"
+RSpec::Core::RakeTask.new(:spec)
+
+task :default => :spec
+task :test => :spec
+
+require 'yard'
+YARD::Rake::YardocTask.new

data/lib/vendor/multi_json/lib/multi_json.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+module MultiJson
+  extend self
+
+  class LoadError < StandardError
+    attr_reader :data
+    def initialize(message='', backtrace=[], data='')
+      super(message)
+      self.set_backtrace(backtrace)
+      @data = data
+    end
+  end
+  DecodeError = LoadError # Legacy support
+
+
+  @default_options = {}
+  attr_accessor :default_options
+
+  REQUIREMENT_MAP = [
+    ['oj',        :oj],
+    ['yajl',      :yajl],
+    ['json',      :json_gem],
+    ['gson',      :gson],
+    ['json/pure', :json_pure]
+  ]
+
+  # The default adapter based on what you currently
+  # have loaded and installed. First checks to see
+  # if any adapters are already loaded, then checks
+  # to see which are installed if none are loaded.
+  def default_adapter
+    return :oj if defined?(::Oj)
+    return :yajl if defined?(::Yajl)
+    return :json_gem if defined?(::JSON)
+    return :gson if defined?(::Gson)
+
+    REQUIREMENT_MAP.each do |(library, adapter)|
+      begin
+        require library
+        return adapter
+      rescue ::LoadError
+        next
+      end
+    end
+
+    Kernel.warn '[WARNING] MultiJson is using the default adapter (ok_json). We recommend loading a different JSON library to improve performance.'
+    :ok_json
+  end
+  # :nodoc:
+  alias :default_engine :default_adapter
+
+  # Get the current adapter class.
+  def adapter
+    return @adapter if defined?(@adapter) && @adapter
+
+    self.use nil # load default adapter
+
+    @adapter
+  end
+  # :nodoc:
+  alias :engine :adapter
+
+  # Set the JSON parser utilizing a symbol, string, or class.
+  # Supported by default are:
+  #
+  # * <tt>:oj</tt>
+  # * <tt>:json_gem</tt>
+  # * <tt>:json_pure</tt>
+  # * <tt>:ok_json</tt>
+  # * <tt>:yajl</tt>
+  # * <tt>:nsjsonserialization</tt> (MacRuby only)
+  # * <tt>:gson</tt> (JRuby only)
+  def use(new_adapter)
+    @adapter = load_adapter(new_adapter)
+  end
+  alias :adapter= :use
+  # :nodoc:
+  alias :engine= :use
+
+  def load_adapter(new_adapter)
+    case new_adapter
+    when String, Symbol
+      require "multi_json/adapters/#{new_adapter}"
+      MultiJson::Adapters.const_get(:"#{new_adapter.to_s.split('_').map{|s| s.capitalize}.join('')}")
+    when NilClass, FalseClass
+      load_adapter default_adapter
+    when Class, Module
+      new_adapter
+    else
+      raise "Did not recognize your adapter specification. Please specify either a symbol or a class."
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Decode a JSON string into Ruby.
+  #
+  # <b>Options</b>
+  #
+  # <tt>:symbolize_keys</tt> :: If true, will use symbols instead of strings for the keys.
+  # <tt>:adapter</tt> :: If set, the selected engine will be used just for the call.
+  def load(string, options={})
+    adapter = current_adapter(options)
+    begin
+      adapter.load(string, options)
+    rescue adapter::ParseError => exception
+      raise LoadError.new(exception.message, exception.backtrace, string)
+    end
+  end
+  # :nodoc:
+  alias :decode :load
+
+  def current_adapter(options)
+    if new_adapter = (options || {}).delete(:adapter)
+      load_adapter(new_adapter)
+    else
+      adapter
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Encodes a Ruby object as JSON.
+  def dump(object, options={})
+    options = default_options.merge(options)
+    adapter = current_adapter(options)
+    adapter.dump(object, options)
+  end
+  # :nodoc:
+  alias :encode :dump
+
+  #  Executes passed block using specified adapter.
+  def with_adapter(new_adapter)
+    old_adapter, self.adapter = adapter, new_adapter
+    yield
+  ensure
+    self.adapter = old_adapter
+  end
+  # :nodoc:
+  alias :with_engine :with_adapter
+
+end

data/lib/vendor/multi_json/lib/multi_json/adapters/gson.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+require 'gson' unless defined?(::Gson)
+
+module MultiJson
+  module Adapters
+    # Use the gson.rb library to dump/load.
+    module Gson
+      extend self
+
+      ParseError = ::Gson::DecodeError
+
+      def load(string, options={}) #:nodoc:
+        ::Gson::Decoder.new(options).decode(string)
+      end
+
+      def dump(object, options={}) #:nodoc:
+        ::Gson::Encoder.new(options).encode(object)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/vendor/multi_json/lib/multi_json/adapters/json_common.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+module MultiJson
+  module Adapters
+    module JsonCommon
+      def load(string, options={})
+        string = string.read if string.respond_to?(:read)
+        ::JSON.parse("[#{string}]", process_load_options!(options)).first
+      end
+
+      def dump(object, options={})
+        object.to_json(process_dump_options!(options))
+      end
+
+    protected
+
+      def process_load_options!(options={})
+        process_options!({:create_additions => false}, options) do |opts|
+          opts.merge!(:symbolize_names => true) if options.delete(:symbolize_keys)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def process_dump_options!(options={})
+        process_options!({}, options) do |opts|
+          opts.merge!(::JSON::PRETTY_STATE_PROTOTYPE.to_h) if options.delete(:pretty)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def process_options!(default_options, options)
+        return default_options if options.empty?
+        yield default_options
+        default_options.merge!(options)
+      end
+
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/vendor/multi_json/lib/multi_json/adapters/json_gem.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+require 'json' unless defined?(::JSON)
+require 'multi_json/adapters/json_common'
+
+module MultiJson
+  module Adapters
+    # Use the JSON gem to dump/load.
+    module JsonGem
+      ParseError = ::JSON::ParserError
+      extend JsonCommon
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/vendor/multi_json/lib/multi_json/adapters/json_pure.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+require 'json/pure' unless defined?(::JSON)
+require 'multi_json/adapters/json_common'
+
+module MultiJson
+  module Adapters
+    # Use JSON pure to dump/load.
+    module JsonPure
+      ParseError = ::JSON::ParserError
+      extend JsonCommon
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/vendor/multi_json/lib/multi_json/adapters/nsjsonserialization.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+framework 'Foundation'
+require 'multi_json/adapters/ok_json'
+
+module MultiJson
+  module Adapters
+    module Nsjsonserialization
+      extend self, MultiJson::Adapters::OkJson
+      ParseError = ::MultiJson::OkJson::Error
+
+      def load(string, options={})
+        string = string.read if string.respond_to?(:read)
+        data = string.dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)
+        object = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(data, options: NSJSONReadingMutableContainers | NSJSONReadingMutableLeaves, error: nil)
+        if object
+          object = symbolize_keys(object) if options[:symbolize_keys]
+          object
+        else
+          super(string, options={})
+        end
+      end
+
+      def dump(object, options={})
+        pretty = options[:pretty] ? NSJSONWritingPrettyPrinted : 0
+        object = object.as_json if object.respond_to?(:as_json)
+        if NSJSONSerialization.isValidJSONObject(object)
+          data = NSJSONSerialization.dataWithJSONObject(object, options: pretty, error: nil)
+          NSMutableString.alloc.initWithData(data, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
+        else
+          super(object, options)
+        end
+      end
+
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/vendor/multi_json/lib/multi_json/adapters/oj.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+require 'oj' unless defined?(::Oj)
+
+module MultiJson
+  module Adapters
+    # Use the Oj library to dump/load.
+    module Oj
+      extend self
+
+      DEFAULT_OPTIONS = {:mode => :compat, :time_format => :ruby}.freeze
+
+      ParseError = if defined?(::Oj::ParseError)
+        ::Oj::ParseError
+      else
+        SyntaxError
+      end
+
+      def load(string, options={}) #:nodoc:
+        options.merge!(:symbol_keys => options[:symbolize_keys])
+        options[:mode] = :strict
+        ::Oj.load(string, DEFAULT_OPTIONS.merge(options))
+      end
+
+      def dump(object, options={}) #:nodoc:
+        options.merge!(:indent => 2) if options[:pretty]
+        ::Oj.dump(object, DEFAULT_OPTIONS.merge(options))
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/vendor/multi_json/lib/multi_json/adapters/ok_json.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+require 'multi_json/vendor/okjson'
+
+module MultiJson
+  module Adapters
+    module OkJson
+      extend self
+
+      ParseError = ::MultiJson::OkJson::Error
+
+      def load(string, options={}) #:nodoc:
+        string = string.read if string.respond_to?(:read)
+        result = ::MultiJson::OkJson.decode("[#{string}]").first
+        options[:symbolize_keys] ? symbolize_keys(result) : result
+      end
+
+      def dump(object, options={}) #:nodoc:
+        ::MultiJson::OkJson.valenc(stringify_keys(object))
+      end
+
+      def symbolize_keys(object) #:nodoc:
+        prepare_object(object) do |key|
+          key.is_a?(String) ? key.to_sym : key
+        end
+      end
+
+      def stringify_keys(object) #:nodoc:
+        prepare_object(object) do |key|
+          key.respond_to?(:to_s) ? key.to_s : key
+        end
+      end
+
+      def prepare_object(object, &key_modifier) #:nodoc:
+        case object
+        when Array
+          object.map do |value|
+            prepare_object(value, &key_modifier)
+          end
+        when Hash
+          object.inject({}) do |result, (key, value)|
+            new_key   = key_modifier.call(key)
+            new_value = prepare_object(value, &key_modifier)
+            result.merge! new_key => new_value
+          end
+        when String, Numeric, true, false, nil
+          object
+        else
+          if object.respond_to?(:to_json)
+            object
+          elsif object.respond_to?(:to_s)
+            object.to_s
+          else
+            object
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/vendor/multi_json/lib/multi_json/adapters/yajl.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+require 'yajl' unless defined?(::Yajl)
+
+module MultiJson
+  module Adapters
+    # Use the Yajl-Ruby library to dump/load.
+    module Yajl
+      extend self
+
+      ParseError = ::Yajl::ParseError
+
+      def load(string, options={}) #:nodoc:
+        ::Yajl::Parser.new(:symbolize_keys => options[:symbolize_keys]).parse(string)
+      end
+
+      def dump(object, options={}) #:nodoc:
+        ::Yajl::Encoder.encode(object, options)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/vendor/multi_json/lib/multi_json/vendor/okjson.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,602 @@
+# encoding: UTF-8
+#
+# Copyright 2011, 2012 Keith Rarick
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+# THE SOFTWARE.
+
+# See https://github.com/kr/okjson for updates.
+
+require 'stringio'
+
+# Some parts adapted from
+# http://golang.org/src/pkg/json/decode.go and
+# http://golang.org/src/pkg/utf8/utf8.go
+module MultiJson
+  module OkJson
+    extend self
+
+
+    # Decodes a json document in string s and
+    # returns the corresponding ruby value.
+    # String s must be valid UTF-8. If you have
+    # a string in some other encoding, convert
+    # it first.
+    #
+    # String values in the resulting structure
+    # will be UTF-8.
+    def decode(s)
+      ts = lex(s)
+      v, ts = textparse(ts)
+      if ts.length > 0
+        raise Error, 'trailing garbage'
+      end
+      v
+    end
+
+
+    # Parses a "json text" in the sense of RFC 4627.
+    # Returns the parsed value and any trailing tokens.
+    # Note: this is almost the same as valparse,
+    # except that it does not accept atomic values.
+    def textparse(ts)
+      if ts.length < 0
+        raise Error, 'empty'
+      end
+
+      typ, _, val = ts[0]
+      case typ
+      when '{' then objparse(ts)
+      when '[' then arrparse(ts)
+      else
+        raise Error, "unexpected #{val.inspect}"
+      end
+    end
+
+
+    # Parses a "value" in the sense of RFC 4627.
+    # Returns the parsed value and any trailing tokens.
+    def valparse(ts)
+      if ts.length < 0
+        raise Error, 'empty'
+      end
+
+      typ, _, val = ts[0]
+      case typ
+      when '{' then objparse(ts)
+      when '[' then arrparse(ts)
+      when :val,:str then [val, ts[1..-1]]
+      else
+        raise Error, "unexpected #{val.inspect}"
+      end
+    end
+
+
+    # Parses an "object" in the sense of RFC 4627.
+    # Returns the parsed value and any trailing tokens.
+    def objparse(ts)
+      ts = eat('{', ts)
+      obj = {}
+
+      if ts[0][0] == '}'
+        return obj, ts[1..-1]
+      end
+
+      k, v, ts = pairparse(ts)
+      obj[k] = v
+
+      if ts[0][0] == '}'
+        return obj, ts[1..-1]
+      end
+
+      loop do
+        ts = eat(',', ts)
+
+        k, v, ts = pairparse(ts)
+        obj[k] = v
+
+        if ts[0][0] == '}'
+          return obj, ts[1..-1]
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+
+    # Parses a "member" in the sense of RFC 4627.
+    # Returns the parsed values and any trailing tokens.
+    def pairparse(ts)
+      (typ, _, k), ts = ts[0], ts[1..-1]
+      if typ != :str
+        raise Error, "unexpected #{k.inspect}"
+      end
+      ts = eat(':', ts)
+      v, ts = valparse(ts)
+      [k, v, ts]
+    end
+
+
+    # Parses an "array" in the sense of RFC 4627.
+    # Returns the parsed value and any trailing tokens.
+    def arrparse(ts)
+      ts = eat('[', ts)
+      arr = []
+
+      if ts[0][0] == ']'
+        return arr, ts[1..-1]
+      end
+
+      v, ts = valparse(ts)
+      arr << v
+
+      if ts[0][0] == ']'
+        return arr, ts[1..-1]
+      end
+
+      loop do
+        ts = eat(',', ts)
+
+        v, ts = valparse(ts)
+        arr << v
+
+        if ts[0][0] == ']'
+          return arr, ts[1..-1]
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+
+    def eat(typ, ts)
+      if ts[0][0] != typ
+        raise Error, "expected #{typ} (got #{ts[0].inspect})"
+      end
+      ts[1..-1]
+    end
+
+
+    # Scans s and returns a list of json tokens,
+    # excluding white space (as defined in RFC 4627).
+    def lex(s)
+      ts = []
+      while s.length > 0
+        typ, lexeme, val = tok(s)
+        if typ == nil
+          raise Error, "invalid character at #{s[0,10].inspect}"
+        end
+        if typ != :space
+          ts << [typ, lexeme, val]
+        end
+        s = s[lexeme.length..-1]
+      end
+      ts
+    end
+
+
+    # Scans the first token in s and
+    # returns a 3-element list, or nil
+    # if s does not begin with a valid token.
+    #
+    # The first list element is one of
+    # '{', '}', ':', ',', '[', ']',
+    # :val, :str, and :space.
+    #
+    # The second element is the lexeme.
+    #
+    # The third element is the value of the
+    # token for :val and :str, otherwise
+    # it is the lexeme.
+    def tok(s)
+      case s[0]
+      when ?{  then ['{', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
+      when ?}  then ['}', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
+      when ?:  then [':', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
+      when ?,  then [',', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
+      when ?[  then ['[', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
+      when ?]  then [']', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
+      when ?n  then nulltok(s)
+      when ?t  then truetok(s)
+      when ?f  then falsetok(s)
+      when ?"  then strtok(s)
+      when Spc then [:space, s[0,1], s[0,1]]
+      when ?\t then [:space, s[0,1], s[0,1]]
+      when ?\n then [:space, s[0,1], s[0,1]]
+      when ?\r then [:space, s[0,1], s[0,1]]
+      else          numtok(s)
+      end
+    end
+
+
+    def nulltok(s);  s[0,4] == 'null'  ? [:val, 'null',  nil]   : [] end
+    def truetok(s);  s[0,4] == 'true'  ? [:val, 'true',  true]  : [] end
+    def falsetok(s); s[0,5] == 'false' ? [:val, 'false', false] : [] end
+
+
+    def numtok(s)
+      m = /-?([1-9][0-9]+|[0-9])([.][0-9]+)?([eE][+-]?[0-9]+)?/.match(s)
+      if m && m.begin(0) == 0
+        if m[3] && !m[2]
+          [:val, m[0], Integer(m[1])*(10**Integer(m[3][1..-1]))]
+        elsif m[2]
+          [:val, m[0], Float(m[0])]
+        else
+          [:val, m[0], Integer(m[0])]
+        end
+      else
+        []
+      end
+    end
+
+
+    def strtok(s)
+      m = /"([^"\\]|\\["\/\\bfnrt]|\\u[0-9a-fA-F]{4})*"/.match(s)
+      if ! m
+        raise Error, "invalid string literal at #{abbrev(s)}"
+      end
+      [:str, m[0], unquote(m[0])]
+    end
+
+
+    def abbrev(s)
+      t = s[0,10]
+      p = t['`']
+      t = t[0,p] if p
+      t = t + '...' if t.length < s.length
+      '`' + t + '`'
+    end
+
+
+    # Converts a quoted json string literal q into a UTF-8-encoded string.
+    # The rules are different than for Ruby, so we cannot use eval.
+    # Unquote will raise an error if q contains control characters.
+    def unquote(q)
+      q = q[1...-1]
+      a = q.dup # allocate a big enough string
+      rubydoesenc = false
+      # In ruby >= 1.9, a[w] is a codepoint, not a byte.
+      if a.class.method_defined?(:force_encoding)
+        a.force_encoding('UTF-8')
+        rubydoesenc = true
+      end
+      r, w = 0, 0
+      while r < q.length
+        c = q[r]
+        case true
+        when c == ?\\
+          r += 1
+          if r >= q.length
+            raise Error, "string literal ends with a \"\\\": \"#{q}\""
+          end
+
+          case q[r]
+          when ?",?\\,?/,?'
+            a[w] = q[r]
+            r += 1
+            w += 1
+          when ?b,?f,?n,?r,?t
+            a[w] = Unesc[q[r]]
+            r += 1
+            w += 1
+          when ?u
+            r += 1
+            uchar = begin
+              hexdec4(q[r,4])
+            rescue RuntimeError => e
+              raise Error, "invalid escape sequence \\u#{q[r,4]}: #{e}"
+            end
+            r += 4
+            if surrogate? uchar
+              if q.length >= r+6
+                uchar1 = hexdec4(q[r+2,4])
+                uchar = subst(uchar, uchar1)
+                if uchar != Ucharerr
+                  # A valid pair; consume.
+                  r += 6
+                end
+              end
+            end
+            if rubydoesenc
+              a[w] = '' << uchar
+              w += 1
+            else
+              w += ucharenc(a, w, uchar)
+            end
+          else
+            raise Error, "invalid escape char #{q[r]} in \"#{q}\""
+          end
+        when c == ?", c < Spc
+          raise Error, "invalid character in string literal \"#{q}\""
+        else
+          # Copy anything else byte-for-byte.
+          # Valid UTF-8 will remain valid UTF-8.
+          # Invalid UTF-8 will remain invalid UTF-8.
+          # In ruby >= 1.9, c is a codepoint, not a byte,
+          # in which case this is still what we want.
+          a[w] = c
+          r += 1
+          w += 1
+        end
+      end
+      a[0,w]
+    end
+
+
+    # Encodes unicode character u as UTF-8
+    # bytes in string a at position i.
+    # Returns the number of bytes written.
+    def ucharenc(a, i, u)
+      case true
+      when u <= Uchar1max
+        a[i] = (u & 0xff).chr
+        1
+      when u <= Uchar2max
+        a[i+0] = (Utag2 | ((u>>6)&0xff)).chr
+        a[i+1] = (Utagx | (u&Umaskx)).chr
+        2
+      when u <= Uchar3max
+        a[i+0] = (Utag3 | ((u>>12)&0xff)).chr
+        a[i+1] = (Utagx | ((u>>6)&Umaskx)).chr
+        a[i+2] = (Utagx | (u&Umaskx)).chr
+        3
+      else
+        a[i+0] = (Utag4 | ((u>>18)&0xff)).chr
+        a[i+1] = (Utagx | ((u>>12)&Umaskx)).chr
+        a[i+2] = (Utagx | ((u>>6)&Umaskx)).chr
+        a[i+3] = (Utagx | (u&Umaskx)).chr
+        4
+      end
+    end
+
+
+    def hexdec4(s)
+      if s.length != 4
+        raise Error, 'short'
+      end
+      (nibble(s[0])<<12) | (nibble(s[1])<<8) | (nibble(s[2])<<4) | nibble(s[3])
+    end
+
+
+    def subst(u1, u2)
+      if Usurr1 <= u1 && u1 < Usurr2 && Usurr2 <= u2 && u2 < Usurr3
+        return ((u1-Usurr1)<<10) | (u2-Usurr2) + Usurrself
+      end
+      return Ucharerr
+    end
+
+
+    def surrogate?(u)
+      Usurr1 <= u && u < Usurr3
+    end
+
+
+    def nibble(c)
+      case true
+      when ?0 <= c && c <= ?9 then c.ord - ?0.ord
+      when ?a <= c && c <= ?z then c.ord - ?a.ord + 10
+      when ?A <= c && c <= ?Z then c.ord - ?A.ord + 10
+      else
+        raise Error, "invalid hex code #{c}"
+      end
+    end
+
+
+    # Encodes x into a json text. It may contain only
+    # Array, Hash, String, Numeric, true, false, nil.
+    # (Note, this list excludes Symbol.)
+    # X itself must be an Array or a Hash.
+    # No other value can be encoded, and an error will
+    # be raised if x contains any other value, such as
+    # Nan, Infinity, Symbol, and Proc, or if a Hash key
+    # is not a String.
+    # Strings contained in x must be valid UTF-8.
+    def encode(x)
+      case x
+      when Hash    then objenc(x)
+      when Array   then arrenc(x)
+      else
+        raise Error, 'root value must be an Array or a Hash'
+      end
+    end
+
+
+    def valenc(x)
+      case x
+      when Hash    then objenc(x)
+      when Array   then arrenc(x)
+      when String  then strenc(x)
+      when Numeric then numenc(x)
+      when true    then "true"
+      when false   then "false"
+      when nil     then "null"
+      else
+        if x.respond_to?(:to_json)
+          x.to_json
+        else
+          raise Error, "cannot encode #{x.class}: #{x.inspect}"
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+
+    def objenc(x)
+      '{' + x.map{|k,v| keyenc(k) + ':' + valenc(v)}.join(',') + '}'
+    end
+
+
+    def arrenc(a)
+      '[' + a.map{|x| valenc(x)}.join(',') + ']'
+    end
+
+
+    def keyenc(k)
+      case k
+      when String then strenc(k)
+      else
+        raise Error, "Hash key is not a string: #{k.inspect}"
+      end
+    end
+
+
+    def strenc(s)
+      t = StringIO.new
+      t.putc(?")
+      r = 0
+
+      # In ruby >= 1.9, s[r] is a codepoint, not a byte.
+      rubydoesenc = s.class.method_defined?(:encoding)
+
+      while r < s.length
+        case s[r]
+        when ?"  then t.print('\\"')
+        when ?\\ then t.print('\\\\')
+        when ?\b then t.print('\\b')
+        when ?\f then t.print('\\f')
+        when ?\n then t.print('\\n')
+        when ?\r then t.print('\\r')
+        when ?\t then t.print('\\t')
+        else
+          c = s[r]
+          case true
+          when rubydoesenc
+            begin
+              c.ord # will raise an error if c is invalid UTF-8
+              t.write(c)
+            rescue
+              t.write(Ustrerr)
+            end
+          when Spc <= c && c <= ?~
+            t.putc(c)
+          else
+            n = ucharcopy(t, s, r) # ensure valid UTF-8 output
+            r += n - 1 # r is incremented below
+          end
+        end
+        r += 1
+      end
+      t.putc(?")
+      t.string
+    end
+
+
+    def numenc(x)
+      if ((x.nan? || x.infinite?) rescue false)
+        raise Error, "Numeric cannot be represented: #{x}"
+      end
+      "#{x}"
+    end
+
+
+    # Copies the valid UTF-8 bytes of a single character
+    # from string s at position i to I/O object t, and
+    # returns the number of bytes copied.
+    # If no valid UTF-8 char exists at position i,
+    # ucharcopy writes Ustrerr and returns 1.
+    def ucharcopy(t, s, i)
+      n = s.length - i
+      raise Utf8Error if n < 1
+
+      c0 = s[i].ord
+
+      # 1-byte, 7-bit sequence?
+      if c0 < Utagx
+        t.putc(c0)
+        return 1
+      end
+
+      raise Utf8Error if c0 < Utag2 # unexpected continuation byte?
+
+      raise Utf8Error if n < 2 # need continuation byte
+      c1 = s[i+1].ord
+      raise Utf8Error if c1 < Utagx || Utag2 <= c1
+
+      # 2-byte, 11-bit sequence?
+      if c0 < Utag3
+        raise Utf8Error if ((c0&Umask2)<<6 | (c1&Umaskx)) <= Uchar1max
+        t.putc(c0)
+        t.putc(c1)
+        return 2
+      end
+
+      # need second continuation byte
+      raise Utf8Error if n < 3
+
+      c2 = s[i+2].ord
+      raise Utf8Error if c2 < Utagx || Utag2 <= c2
+
+      # 3-byte, 16-bit sequence?
+      if c0 < Utag4
+        u = (c0&Umask3)<<12 | (c1&Umaskx)<<6 | (c2&Umaskx)
+        raise Utf8Error if u <= Uchar2max
+        t.putc(c0)
+        t.putc(c1)
+        t.putc(c2)
+        return 3
+      end
+
+      # need third continuation byte
+      raise Utf8Error if n < 4
+      c3 = s[i+3].ord
+      raise Utf8Error if c3 < Utagx || Utag2 <= c3
+
+      # 4-byte, 21-bit sequence?
+      if c0 < Utag5
+        u = (c0&Umask4)<<18 | (c1&Umaskx)<<12 | (c2&Umaskx)<<6 | (c3&Umaskx)
+        raise Utf8Error if u <= Uchar3max
+        t.putc(c0)
+        t.putc(c1)
+        t.putc(c2)
+        t.putc(c3)
+        return 4
+      end
+
+      raise Utf8Error
+    rescue Utf8Error
+      t.write(Ustrerr)
+      return 1
+    end
+
+
+    class Utf8Error < ::StandardError
+    end
+
+
+    class Error < ::StandardError
+    end
+
+
+    Utagx = 0x80 # 1000 0000
+    Utag2 = 0xc0 # 1100 0000
+    Utag3 = 0xe0 # 1110 0000
+    Utag4 = 0xf0 # 1111 0000
+    Utag5 = 0xF8 # 1111 1000
+    Umaskx = 0x3f # 0011 1111
+    Umask2 = 0x1f # 0001 1111
+    Umask3 = 0x0f # 0000 1111
+    Umask4 = 0x07 # 0000 0111
+    Uchar1max = (1<<7) - 1
+    Uchar2max = (1<<11) - 1
+    Uchar3max = (1<<16) - 1
+    Ucharerr = 0xFFFD # unicode "replacement char"
+    Ustrerr = "\xef\xbf\xbd" # unicode "replacement char"
+    Usurrself = 0x10000
+    Usurr1 = 0xd800
+    Usurr2 = 0xdc00
+    Usurr3 = 0xe000
+
+    Spc = ' '[0]
+    Unesc = {?b=>?\b, ?f=>?\f, ?n=>?\n, ?r=>?\r, ?t=>?\t}
+  end
+end