elftools 1.3.1 → 2.1.0

checksums.yaml

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data/README.md

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
+[![Downloads](https://img.shields.io/gem/dt/elftools)](https://rubygems.org/gems/elftools)
+
+[![Gem Version](https://badge.fury.io/rb/elftools.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/rb/elftools)
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 # rbelftools
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ elf = ELFTools::ELFFile.new(File.open('spec/files/amd64.elf'))
 #=> #<ELFTools::ELFFile:0x00560b147f8328 @elf_class=64, @endian=:little, @stream=#<File:spec/files/amd64>>
 
 elf.machine
-#=> 'Advanced Micro Devices X86-64'
+#=> 'Advanced Micro Devices X86-64 processor'
 
 elf.build_id
 #=> '73ab62cb7bc9959ce053c2b711322158708cdc07'
@@ -96,6 +97,117 @@ symbols.map(&:name).reject(&:empty?).first(5).join(' ')
 #=> "crtstuff.c __JCR_LIST__ deregister_tm_clones register_tm_clones __do_global_dtors_aux"
 ```
 
+Where a symbol is and how large it is:
+```ruby
+main = symtab_section.symbol_by_name('main')
+'%#x' % main.value
+#=> "0x4006dd"
+main.size
+#=> 142
+```
+
+What a symbol refers to and how it is linked are recorded in `st_info` and `st_other`,
+values are defined in `ELFTools::Constants::STT`, `STB`, and `STV` respectively.
+```ruby
+main = symtab_section.symbol_by_name('main')
+main.type == ELFTools::Constants::STT_FUNC
+#=> true
+main.bind == ELFTools::Constants::STB_GLOBAL
+#=> true
+main.visibility == ELFTools::Constants::STV_DEFAULT
+#=> true
+
+# Symbols to be resolved at runtime are not defined in any section.
+symtab_section.symbol_by_name('puts@@GLIBC_2.2.5').section_index == ELFTools::Constants::SHN_UNDEF
+#=> true
+```
+
+Each of those has a name. Several constants may define one value, so naming it takes
+the machine of the file, which names some of them for itself.
+```ruby
+[main.type_name, main.bind_name, main.visibility_name]
+#=> ["STT_FUNC", "STB_GLOBAL", "STV_DEFAULT"]
+
+# 13 is a symbol type ARM and SPARC each define, and no one else names.
+ELFTools::Constants::STT.mapping(ELFTools::Constants::EM_ARM, 13)
+#=> "STT_ARM_TFUNC"
+ELFTools::Constants::STT.mapping(ELFTools::Constants::EM_X86_64, 13)
+#=> "<unknown>: 0xd"
+```
+
+The symbols a file is loaded by are recorded twice, and the tags are the copy the loader
+reads, so they answer even when the sections have been stripped away. Naming the symbol a
+relocation points at takes nothing but the tags.
+```ruby
+dynamic = elf.dynamic
+dynamic.symbols.map(&:name).reject(&:empty?).first(4).join(' ')
+#=> "puts __stack_chk_fail printf __libc_start_main"
+dynamic.symbol_by_name('printf').type_name
+#=> "STT_FUNC"
+dynamic.relocations.map { |rel| dynamic.symbol_at(rel.symbol_index).name }.first(3)
+#=> ["__gmon_start__", "stdin", "puts"]
+```
+
+A symbol of a file that is loaded binds to a version of the name, which is how one file
+offers `memcpy` twice and each caller keeps the one it was built against. The name is left
+as the file records it.
+```ruby
+dynamic.symbol_by_name('printf').version
+#=> "GLIBC_2.2.5"
+dynamic.symbol_by_name('__stack_chk_fail').version
+#=> "GLIBC_2.4"
+
+# What the file needs, without walking a symbol at all.
+dynamic.version_requirements.map { |need| [need.file, need.versions.map(&:name)] }
+#=> [["libc.so.6", ["GLIBC_2.4", "GLIBC_2.2.5"]]]
+
+# The sections record the same, for a file that still has them.
+elf.sections_by_type(:gnu_verneed).first.requirements.first.file
+#=> "libc.so.6"
+elf.section_by_name('.dynsym').symbol_by_name('printf').version
+#=> "GLIBC_2.2.5"
+
+# What a library defines, the first naming the library rather than a version of it.
+libc = ELFTools::ELFFile.new(File.open('spec/files/libc.so.6'))
+libc.dynamic.version_definitions.map(&:name).first(3)
+#=> ["libc.so.6", "GLIBC_2.2.5", "GLIBC_2.2.6"]
+libc.dynamic.version_definitions[2].parents
+#=> ["GLIBC_2.2.5"]
+```
+
+Nothing a file is loaded by records how large its symbol table is, because the loader
+looks a name up through a hash table and jumps straight to an index rather than ever
+enumerating it. `num_symbols` is therefore how far the hash table and the relocations
+reach between them, which is a lower bound, while `symbol_at` is exact for any index.
+```ruby
+dynamic.num_symbols
+#=> 9
+```
+
+Looking a name up is what the loader does through a hash table, rather than searching the
+symbol table for it, and `symbol_by_name` does the same wherever the file records one. A
+table only indexes the names a file exports, so a name it does not lead to, and a file
+that records no table at all, are searched for instead.
+```ruby
+libc = ELFTools::ELFFile.new(File.open('spec/files/libc.so.6'))
+# Reached through DT_HASH, without reading any of the other 2244 symbols.
+libc.dynamic.symbol_by_name('malloc').type_name
+#=> "STT_FUNC"
+```
+
+What a section is for is recorded in `sh_flags`, as a segment records it in `p_flags`.
+```ruby
+[elf.section_by_name('.text').executable?, elf.section_by_name('.text').writable?]
+#=> [true, false]
+
+# Only some of the sections take memory while the file runs, the rest being what is
+# recorded about it.
+elf.sections.select(&:allocated?).map(&:name).first(5).join(' ')
+#=> ".interp .note.ABI-tag .note.gnu.build-id .gnu.hash .dynsym"
+elf.sections.reject(&:allocated?).map(&:name).reject(&:empty?).join(' ')
+#=> ".comment .shstrtab .symtab .strtab"
+```
+
 ## Segments
 
 ```ruby
@@ -131,6 +243,53 @@ relocations.map { |r| symtab.symbol_at(r.symbol_index).name }
 #=> ["puts", "__stack_chk_fail", "printf", "__libc_start_main", "fgets", "scanf"]
 ```
 
+Each architecture numbers relocation types on its own, so a type is named after the
+machine of the file it was read from.
+```ruby
+relocations.map(&:type).uniq
+#=> [7]
+relocations.map(&:type_name).uniq
+#=> ["R_X86_64_JUMP_SLOT"]
+
+# The very same number means something else elsewhere.
+ELFTools::Constants::R::ARM::R_ARM_THM_ABS5
+#=> 7
+```
+
+A machine may also lay `r_info` out its own way. Knowing the machine is what tells
+those layouts apart, so such a file reads like any other.
+```ruby
+mips = ELFTools::ELFFile.new(File.open('spec/files/mips64.o'))
+relocation = mips.sections_by_type(:rela).first.relocations.first
+# The 64-bit MIPS ABI packs three types and a second symbol index in there.
+'%x' % relocation.header.r_info
+#=> "800051807"
+[relocation.symbol_index, relocation.type_name]
+#=> [8, "R_MIPS_GPREL16"]
+```
+
+A relocation is recorded twice in a file that is loaded, and the tags are the copy the
+loader reads, so they answer even when the sections have been stripped away.
+```ruby
+elf.dynamic.relocations.size
+#=> 8
+elf.dynamic.relocations.map(&:type_name).uniq
+#=> ["R_X86_64_GLOB_DAT", "R_X86_64_COPY", "R_X86_64_JUMP_SLOT"]
+```
+
+Nearly every relocation of a file that is loaded only adds the load bias to a word, so a
+file may pack them into a bitmap instead of spending an entry on each. They are read with
+the rest, from the tags or from the section holding them, and are named after the machine
+because the bitmap records no type of its own.
+```ruby
+packed = ELFTools::ELFFile.new(File.open('spec/files/aarch64.relr.elf'))
+packed.dynamic.relocations.count { |rel| rel.type_name == 'R_AARCH64_RELATIVE' }
+#=> 132
+section = packed.sections_by_type(:relr).first
+[section.name, section.header.sh_size, section.num_relocations]
+#=> [".relr.dyn", 48, 132]
+```
+
 ## Patch
 
 Patch ELF is so easy!
@@ -142,7 +301,7 @@ Invoke `elf.save(filename)` to save the patched ELF into `filename`.
 ```ruby
 elf = ELFTools::ELFFile.new(File.open('spec/files/amd64.elf'))
 elf.machine
-#=> "Advanced Micro Devices X86-64"
+#=> "Advanced Micro Devices X86-64 processor"
 elf.header.e_machine = 40
 elf.machine
 #=> "ARM"
@@ -159,6 +318,26 @@ interp_segment.interp_name
 # save the patched ELF
 elf.save('elf.patched')
 
+Values that share a byte with others, which a symbol and a relocation both record, are
+assigned as what they mean rather than as the bits holding them. A value too large for
+its bits is reported instead of being written over its neighbours.
+```ruby
+elf = ELFTools::ELFFile.new(File.open('spec/files/amd64.elf'))
+symbol = elf.section_by_name('.symtab').symbol_by_name('main')
+symbol.type = ELFTools::Constants::STT_OBJECT
+symbol.bind = ELFTools::Constants::STB_WEAK
+[symbol.type_name, symbol.bind_name]
+#=> ["STT_OBJECT", "STB_WEAK"]
+symbol.bind = 16
+#=> ArgumentError: Symbol binding must be in 0..15, got 16
+
+relocation = elf.dynamic.relocations.first
+relocation.symbol_index = 3
+relocation.type = ELFTools::Constants::R::X86_64::R_X86_64_JUMP_SLOT
+[relocation.symbol_index, relocation.type_name]
+#=> [3, "R_X86_64_JUMP_SLOT"]
+```
+
 # in bash
 # $ file elf.patched
 # elf.patched: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86, for GNU...
@@ -191,6 +370,13 @@ cd rbelftools
 bundle
 bundle exec rake
 ```
+
+Constant tables are generated from [binutils](https://sourceware.org/cgit/binutils-gdb/tree/include/elf/common.h),
+regenerate them against the latest revision by
+```bash
+bundle exec rake gen:constants
+```
+
 Any comments or suggestions are welcome!
 
 # Cross Platform

data/lib/elftools/constants/machine.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# This file is generated by `bundle exec rake gen:constants`, do not edit it.
+# Source: https://sourceware.org/cgit/binutils-gdb/tree/include/elf
+
+module ELFTools
+  module Constants
+    # Machine architectures, records in +e_machine+.
+    module EM
+      EM_NONE              = 0      # No machine
+      EM_M32               = 1      # AT&T WE 32100
+      EM_SPARC             = 2      # SUN SPARC
+      EM_386               = 3      # Intel 80386
+      EM_68K               = 4      # Motorola m68k family
+      EM_88K               = 5      # Motorola m88k family
+      EM_IAMCU             = 6      # Intel MCU
+      EM_860               = 7      # Intel 80860
+      EM_MIPS              = 8      # MIPS R3000
+      EM_S370              = 9      # IBM System/370
+      EM_MIPS_RS3_LE       = 10     # MIPS R3000 little-endian (Oct 4 1999 Draft). Deprecated
+      EM_PARISC            = 15     # HPPA
+      EM_PPC_OLD           = 17     # Old version of PowerPC. Deprecated
+      EM_VPP550            = 17     # Fujitsu VPP500
+      EM_SPARC32PLUS       = 18     # Sun's "v8plus"
+      EM_960               = 19     # Intel 80960
+      EM_PPC               = 20     # PowerPC
+      EM_PPC64             = 21     # 64-bit PowerPC
+      EM_S390              = 22     # IBM S/390
+      EM_SPU               = 23     # Sony/Toshiba/IBM SPU
+      EM_V800              = 36     # NEC V800 series
+      EM_FR20              = 37     # Fujitsu FR20
+      EM_RH32              = 38     # TRW RH32
+      EM_MCORE             = 39     # Motorola M*Core
+      EM_RCE               = 39     # Old name for MCore
+      EM_ARM               = 40     # ARM
+      EM_OLD_ALPHA         = 41     # Digital Alpha
+      EM_SH                = 42     # Renesas (formerly Hitachi) / SuperH SH
+      EM_SPARCV9           = 43     # SPARC v9 64-bit
+      EM_TRICORE           = 44     # Siemens Tricore embedded processor
+      EM_ARC               = 45     # ARC Cores
+      EM_H8_300            = 46     # Renesas (formerly Hitachi) H8/300
+      EM_H8_300H           = 47     # Renesas (formerly Hitachi) H8/300H
+      EM_H8S               = 48     # Renesas (formerly Hitachi) H8S
+      EM_H8_500            = 49     # Renesas (formerly Hitachi) H8/500
+      EM_IA_64             = 50     # Intel IA-64 Processor
+      EM_MIPS_X            = 51     # Stanford MIPS-X
+      EM_COLDFIRE          = 52     # Motorola Coldfire
+      EM_68HC12            = 53     # Motorola M68HC12
+      EM_MMA               = 54     # Fujitsu Multimedia Accelerator
+      EM_PCP               = 55     # Siemens PCP
+      EM_NCPU              = 56     # Sony nCPU embedded RISC processor
+      EM_NDR1              = 57     # Denso NDR1 microprocessor
+      EM_STARCORE          = 58     # Motorola Star*Core processor
+      EM_ME16              = 59     # Toyota ME16 processor
+      EM_ST100             = 60     # STMicroelectronics ST100 processor
+      EM_TINYJ             = 61     # Advanced Logic Corp. TinyJ embedded processor
+      EM_X86_64            = 62     # Advanced Micro Devices X86-64 processor
+      EM_PDSP              = 63     # Sony DSP Processor
+      EM_PDP10             = 64     # Digital Equipment Corp. PDP-10
+      EM_PDP11             = 65     # Digital Equipment Corp. PDP-11
+      EM_FX66              = 66     # Siemens FX66 microcontroller
+      EM_ST9PLUS           = 67     # STMicroelectronics ST9+ 8/16 bit microcontroller
+      EM_ST7               = 68     # STMicroelectronics ST7 8-bit microcontroller
+      EM_68HC16            = 69     # Motorola MC68HC16 Microcontroller
+      EM_68HC11            = 70     # Motorola MC68HC11 Microcontroller
+      EM_68HC08            = 71     # Motorola MC68HC08 Microcontroller
+      EM_68HC05            = 72     # Motorola MC68HC05 Microcontroller
+      EM_SVX               = 73     # Silicon Graphics SVx
+      EM_ST19              = 74     # STMicroelectronics ST19 8-bit cpu
+      EM_VAX               = 75     # Digital VAX
+      EM_CRIS              = 76     # Axis Communications 32-bit embedded processor
+      EM_JAVELIN           = 77     # Infineon Technologies 32-bit embedded cpu
+      EM_FIREPATH          = 78     # Element 14 64-bit DSP processor
+      EM_ZSP               = 79     # LSI Logic's 16-bit DSP processor
+      EM_MMIX              = 80     # Donald Knuth's educational 64-bit processor
+      EM_HUANY             = 81     # Harvard's machine-independent format
+      EM_PRISM             = 82     # SiTera Prism
+      EM_AVR               = 83     # Atmel AVR 8-bit microcontroller
+      EM_FR30              = 84     # Fujitsu FR30
+      EM_D10V              = 85     # Mitsubishi D10V
+      EM_D30V              = 86     # Mitsubishi D30V
+      EM_V850              = 87     # Renesas V850 (formerly NEC V850)
+      EM_M32R              = 88     # Renesas M32R (formerly Mitsubishi M32R)
+      EM_MN10300           = 89     # Matsushita MN10300
+      EM_MN10200           = 90     # Matsushita MN10200
+      EM_PJ                = 91     # picoJava
+      EM_OR1K              = 92     # OpenRISC 1000 32-bit embedded processor
+      EM_ARC_COMPACT       = 93     # ARC International ARCompact processor
+      EM_XTENSA            = 94     # Tensilica Xtensa Architecture
+      EM_SCORE_OLD         = 95     # Old Sunplus S+core7 backend magic number. Written in the absence of an ABI
+      EM_VIDEOCORE         = 95     # Alphamosaic VideoCore processor
+      EM_TMM_GPP           = 96     # Thompson Multimedia General Purpose Processor
+      EM_NS32K             = 97     # National Semiconductor 32000 series
+      EM_TPC               = 98     # Tenor Network TPC processor
+      EM_PJ_OLD            = 99     # Old value for picoJava. Deprecated
+      EM_SNP1K             = 99     # Trebia SNP 1000 processor
+      EM_ST200             = 100    # STMicroelectronics ST200 microcontroller
+      EM_IP2K              = 101    # Ubicom IP2022 micro controller
+      EM_MAX               = 102    # MAX Processor
+      EM_CR                = 103    # National Semiconductor CompactRISC
+      EM_F2MC16            = 104    # Fujitsu F2MC16
+      EM_MSP430            = 105    # TI msp430 micro controller
+      EM_BLACKFIN          = 106    # ADI Blackfin
+      EM_SE_C33            = 107    # S1C33 Family of Seiko Epson processors
+      EM_SEP               = 108    # Sharp embedded microprocessor
+      EM_ARCA              = 109    # Arca RISC Microprocessor
+      EM_UNICORE           = 110    # Microprocessor series from PKU-Unity Ltd. and MPRC of Peking University
+      EM_EXCESS            = 111    # eXcess: 16/32/64-bit configurable embedded CPU
+      EM_DXP               = 112    # Icera Semiconductor Inc. Deep Execution Processor
+      EM_ALTERA_NIOS2      = 113    # Altera Nios II soft-core processor
+      EM_CRX               = 114    # National Semiconductor CRX
+      EM_CR16_OLD          = 115    # Old, value for National Semiconductor CompactRISC. Deprecated
+      EM_XGATE             = 115    # Motorola XGATE embedded processor
+      EM_C166              = 116    # Infineon C16x/XC16x processor
+      EM_M16C              = 117    # Renesas M16C series microprocessors
+      EM_DSPIC30F          = 118    # Microchip Technology dsPIC30F Digital Signal Controller
+      EM_CE                = 119    # Freescale Communication Engine RISC core
+      EM_M32C              = 120    # Renesas M32C series microprocessors
+      EM_TSK3000           = 131    # Altium TSK3000 core
+      EM_RS08              = 132    # Freescale RS08 embedded processor
+      EM_ECOG2             = 134    # Cyan Technology eCOG2 microprocessor
+      EM_SCORE             = 135    # Sunplus Score
+      EM_SCORE7            = 135    # Sunplus S+core7 RISC processor
+      EM_DSP24             = 136    # New Japan Radio (NJR) 24-bit DSP Processor
+      EM_VIDEOCORE3        = 137    # Broadcom VideoCore III processor
+      EM_LATTICEMICO32     = 138    # RISC processor for Lattice FPGA architecture
+      EM_SE_C17            = 139    # Seiko Epson C17 family
+      EM_TI_C6000          = 140    # Texas Instruments TMS320C6000 DSP family
+      EM_TI_C2000          = 141    # Texas Instruments TMS320C2000 DSP family
+      EM_TI_C5500          = 142    # Texas Instruments TMS320C55x DSP family
+      EM_TI_PRU            = 144    # Texas Instruments Programmable Realtime Unit
+      EM_MMDSP_PLUS        = 160    # STMicroelectronics 64bit VLIW Data Signal Processor
+      EM_CYPRESS_M8C       = 161    # Cypress M8C microprocessor
+      EM_R32C              = 162    # Renesas R32C series microprocessors
+      EM_TRIMEDIA          = 163    # NXP Semiconductors TriMedia architecture family
+      EM_QDSP6             = 164    # QUALCOMM DSP6 Processor
+      EM_8051              = 165    # Intel 8051 and variants
+      EM_STXP7X            = 166    # STMicroelectronics STxP7x family
+      EM_NDS32             = 167    # Andes Technology compact code size embedded RISC processor family
+      EM_ECOG1             = 168    # Cyan Technology eCOG1X family
+      EM_ECOG1X            = 168    # Cyan Technology eCOG1X family
+      EM_MAXQ30            = 169    # Dallas Semiconductor MAXQ30 Core Micro-controllers
+      EM_XIMO16            = 170    # New Japan Radio (NJR) 16-bit DSP Processor
+      EM_MANIK             = 171    # M2000 Reconfigurable RISC Microprocessor
+      EM_CRAYNV2           = 172    # Cray Inc. NV2 vector architecture
+      EM_RX                = 173    # Renesas RX family
+      EM_METAG             = 174    # Imagination Technologies Meta processor architecture
+      EM_MCST_ELBRUS       = 175    # MCST Elbrus general purpose hardware architecture
+      EM_ECOG16            = 176    # Cyan Technology eCOG16 family
+      EM_CR16              = 177    # National Semiconductor CompactRISC 16-bit processor
+      EM_ETPU              = 178    # Freescale Extended Time Processing Unit
+      EM_SLE9X             = 179    # Infineon Technologies SLE9X core
+      EM_L1OM              = 180    # Intel L1OM
+      EM_K1OM              = 181    # Intel K1OM
+      EM_INTEL182          = 182    # Reserved by Intel
+      EM_AARCH64           = 183    # ARM 64-bit architecture
+      EM_ARM184            = 184    # Reserved by ARM
+      EM_AVR32             = 185    # Atmel Corporation 32-bit microprocessor family
+      EM_STM8              = 186    # STMicroeletronics STM8 8-bit microcontroller
+      EM_TILE64            = 187    # Tilera TILE64 multicore architecture family
+      EM_TILEPRO           = 188    # Tilera TILEPro multicore architecture family
+      EM_MICROBLAZE        = 189    # Xilinx MicroBlaze 32-bit RISC soft processor core
+      EM_CUDA              = 190    # NVIDIA CUDA architecture
+      EM_TILEGX            = 191    # Tilera TILE-Gx multicore architecture family
+      EM_CLOUDSHIELD       = 192    # CloudShield architecture family
+      EM_COREA_1ST         = 193    # KIPO-KAIST Core-A 1st generation processor family
+      EM_COREA_2ND         = 194    # KIPO-KAIST Core-A 2nd generation processor family
+      EM_ARC_COMPACT2      = 195    # Synopsys ARCompact V2
+      EM_OPEN8             = 196    # Open8 8-bit RISC soft processor core
+      EM_RL78              = 197    # Renesas RL78 family
+      EM_VIDEOCORE5        = 198    # Broadcom VideoCore V processor
+      EM_78K0R             = 199    # Renesas 78K0R
+      EM_56800EX           = 200    # Freescale 56800EX Digital Signal Controller (DSC)
+      EM_BA1               = 201    # Beyond BA1 CPU architecture
+      EM_BA2               = 202    # Beyond BA2 CPU architecture
+      EM_XCORE             = 203    # XMOS xCORE processor family
+      EM_MCHP_PIC          = 204    # Microchip 8-bit PIC(r) family
+      EM_INTELGT           = 205    # Intel Graphics Technology
+      EM_INTEL206          = 206    # Reserved by Intel
+      EM_INTEL207          = 207    # Reserved by Intel
+      EM_INTEL208          = 208    # Reserved by Intel
+      EM_INTEL209          = 209    # Reserved by Intel
+      EM_KM32              = 210    # KM211 KM32 32-bit processor
+      EM_KMX32             = 211    # KM211 KMX32 32-bit processor
+      EM_KMX16             = 212    # KM211 KMX16 16-bit processor
+      EM_KMX8              = 213    # KM211 KMX8 8-bit processor
+      EM_KVARC             = 214    # KM211 KVARC processor
+      EM_CDP               = 215    # Paneve CDP architecture family
+      EM_COGE              = 216    # Cognitive Smart Memory Processor
+      EM_COOL              = 217    # Bluechip Systems CoolEngine
+      EM_NORC              = 218    # Nanoradio Optimized RISC
+      EM_CSR_KALIMBA       = 219    # CSR Kalimba architecture family
+      EM_Z80               = 220    # Zilog Z80
+      EM_VISIUM            = 221    # Controls and Data Services VISIUMcore processor
+      EM_FT32              = 222    # FTDI Chip FT32 high performance 32-bit RISC architecture
+      EM_MOXIE             = 223    # Moxie processor family
+      EM_AMDGPU            = 224    # AMD GPU architecture
+      EM_RISCV             = 243    # RISC-V
+      EM_LANAI             = 244    # Lanai 32-bit processor
+      EM_CEVA              = 245    # CEVA Processor Architecture Family
+      EM_CEVA_X2           = 246    # CEVA X2 Processor Family
+      EM_BPF               = 247    # Linux BPF - in-kernel virtual machine
+      EM_GRAPHCORE_IPU     = 248    # Graphcore Intelligent Processing Unit
+      EM_IMG1              = 249    # Imagination Technologies
+      EM_NFP               = 250    # Netronome Flow Processor
+      EM_VE                = 251    # NEC Vector Engine
+      EM_CSKY              = 252    # C-SKY processor family
+      EM_ARC_COMPACT3_64   = 253    # Synopsys ARCv2.3 64-bit
+      EM_MCS6502           = 254    # MOS Technology MCS 6502 processor
+      EM_ARC_COMPACT3      = 255    # Synopsys ARCv2.3 32-bit
+      EM_KVX               = 256    # Kalray VLIW core of the MPPA processor family
+      EM_65816             = 257    # WDC 65816/65C816
+      EM_LOONGARCH         = 258    # LoongArch
+      EM_KF32              = 259    # ChipON KungFu32
+      EM_U16_U8CORE        = 260    # LAPIS nX-U16/U8
+      EM_TACHYUM           = 261    # Tachyum
+      EM_56800EF           = 262    # NXP 56800EF Digital Signal Controller (DSC)
+      EM_AVR_OLD           = 4183   # AVR magic number. Written in the absense of an ABI
+      EM_MSP430_OLD        = 4185   # MSP430 magic number. Written in the absense of everything
+      EM_ADAPTEVA_EPIPHANY = 4643   # Adapteva's Epiphany architecture
+      EM_MT                = 9520   # Morpho MT. Written in the absense of an ABI
+      EM_CYGNUS_FR30       = 13_104 # FR30 magic number - no EABI available
+      EM_WEBASSEMBLY       = 16_727 # Unofficial value for Web Assembly binaries, as used by LLVM
+      EM_XC16X             = 18_056 # Infineon Technologies 16-bit microcontroller with C166-V2 core
+      EM_S12Z              = 19_951 # Freescale S12Z. The Freescale toolchain generates elf files with this value
+      EM_CYGNUS_FRV        = 21_569 # FRV magic number - no EABI available??
+      EM_DLX               = 23_205 # DLX magic number. Written in the absense of an ABI
+      EM_CYGNUS_D10V       = 30_288 # D10V backend magic number. Written in the absence of an ABI
+      EM_CYGNUS_D30V       = 30_326 # D30V backend magic number. Written in the absence of an ABI
+      EM_IP2K_OLD          = 33_303 # Ubicom IP2xxx; Written in the absense of an ABI
+      EM_CYGNUS_POWERPC    = 36_901 # Cygnus PowerPC ELF backend. Written in the absence of an ABI
+      EM_ALPHA             = 36_902 # Alpha backend magic number. Written in the absence of an ABI
+      EM_CYGNUS_M32R       = 36_929 # Cygnus M32R ELF backend. Written in the absence of an ABI
+      EM_CYGNUS_V850       = 36_992 # V850 backend magic number. Written in the absense of an ABI
+      EM_S390_OLD          = 41_872 # old S/390 backend magic number. Written in the absence of an ABI
+      EM_XTENSA_OLD        = 43_975 # Old, unofficial value for Xtensa
+      EM_XSTORMY16         = 44_357 # Sanyo XStormy16 CPU core
+      EM_MICROBLAZE_OLD    = 47_787 # Old MicroBlaze
+      EM_CYGNUS_MN10300    = 48_879 # mn10200 and mn10300 backend magic numbers. Written in the absense of an ABI
+      EM_CYGNUS_MN10200    = 57_005 # mn10200 and mn10300 backend magic numbers. Written in the absense of an ABI
+      EM_CYGNUS_MEP        = 61_453 # Toshiba MeP
+      EM_M32C_OLD          = 65_200 # Renesas M32C and M16C
+      EM_IQ2000            = 65_210 # Vitesse IQ2000
+      EM_NIOS32            = 65_211 # NIOS magic number - no EABI available
+      EM_MOXIE_OLD         = 65_261 # Old, unofficial value for Moxie
+    end
+  end
+end