ed-precompiled_prism 1.5.2

data/ext/prism/extension.c

@@ -0,0 +1,1419 @@
+#include "prism/extension.h"
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#include <ruby/win32.h>
+#endif
+
+// NOTE: this file should contain only bindings. All non-trivial logic should be
+// in libprism so it can be shared its the various callers.
+
+VALUE rb_cPrism;
+VALUE rb_cPrismNode;
+VALUE rb_cPrismSource;
+VALUE rb_cPrismToken;
+VALUE rb_cPrismLocation;
+
+VALUE rb_cPrismComment;
+VALUE rb_cPrismInlineComment;
+VALUE rb_cPrismEmbDocComment;
+VALUE rb_cPrismMagicComment;
+VALUE rb_cPrismParseError;
+VALUE rb_cPrismParseWarning;
+VALUE rb_cPrismResult;
+VALUE rb_cPrismParseResult;
+VALUE rb_cPrismLexResult;
+VALUE rb_cPrismParseLexResult;
+VALUE rb_cPrismStringQuery;
+VALUE rb_cPrismScope;
+
+VALUE rb_cPrismDebugEncoding;
+
+ID rb_id_option_command_line;
+ID rb_id_option_encoding;
+ID rb_id_option_filepath;
+ID rb_id_option_freeze;
+ID rb_id_option_frozen_string_literal;
+ID rb_id_option_line;
+ID rb_id_option_main_script;
+ID rb_id_option_partial_script;
+ID rb_id_option_scopes;
+ID rb_id_option_version;
+ID rb_id_source_for;
+ID rb_id_forwarding_positionals;
+ID rb_id_forwarding_keywords;
+ID rb_id_forwarding_block;
+ID rb_id_forwarding_all;
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+/* IO of Ruby code                                                            */
+/******************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Check if the given VALUE is a string. If it's not a string, then raise a
+ * TypeError. Otherwise return the VALUE as a C string.
+ */
+static const char *
+check_string(VALUE value) {
+    // Check if the value is a string. If it's not, then raise a type error.
+    if (!RB_TYPE_P(value, T_STRING)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %" PRIsVALUE " (expected String)", rb_obj_class(value));
+    }
+
+    // Otherwise, return the value as a C string.
+    return RSTRING_PTR(value);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Load the contents and size of the given string into the given pm_string_t.
+ */
+static void
+input_load_string(pm_string_t *input, VALUE string) {
+    // Check if the string is a string. If it's not, then raise a type error.
+    if (!RB_TYPE_P(string, T_STRING)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %" PRIsVALUE " (expected String)", rb_obj_class(string));
+    }
+
+    pm_string_constant_init(input, RSTRING_PTR(string), RSTRING_LEN(string));
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+/* Building C options from Ruby options                                       */
+/******************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Build the scopes associated with the provided Ruby keyword value.
+ */
+static void
+build_options_scopes(pm_options_t *options, VALUE scopes) {
+    // Check if the value is an array. If it's not, then raise a type error.
+    if (!RB_TYPE_P(scopes, T_ARRAY)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %"PRIsVALUE" (expected Array)", rb_obj_class(scopes));
+    }
+
+    // Initialize the scopes array.
+    size_t scopes_count = RARRAY_LEN(scopes);
+    if (!pm_options_scopes_init(options, scopes_count)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "failed to allocate memory");
+    }
+
+    // Iterate over the scopes and add them to the options.
+    for (size_t scope_index = 0; scope_index < scopes_count; scope_index++) {
+        VALUE scope = rb_ary_entry(scopes, scope_index);
+
+        // The scope can be either an array or it can be a Prism::Scope object.
+        // Parse out the correct values here from either.
+        VALUE locals;
+        uint8_t forwarding = PM_OPTIONS_SCOPE_FORWARDING_NONE;
+
+        if (RB_TYPE_P(scope, T_ARRAY)) {
+            locals = scope;
+        } else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(scope, rb_cPrismScope)) {
+            locals = rb_ivar_get(scope, rb_intern("@locals"));
+            if (!RB_TYPE_P(locals, T_ARRAY)) {
+                rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %"PRIsVALUE" (expected Array)", rb_obj_class(locals));
+            }
+
+            VALUE names = rb_ivar_get(scope, rb_intern("@forwarding"));
+            if (!RB_TYPE_P(names, T_ARRAY)) {
+                rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %"PRIsVALUE" (expected Array)", rb_obj_class(names));
+            }
+
+            size_t names_count = RARRAY_LEN(names);
+            for (size_t name_index = 0; name_index < names_count; name_index++) {
+                VALUE name = rb_ary_entry(names, name_index);
+
+                // Check that the name is a symbol. If it's not, then raise
+                // a type error.
+                if (!RB_TYPE_P(name, T_SYMBOL)) {
+                    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %"PRIsVALUE" (expected Symbol)", rb_obj_class(name));
+                }
+
+                ID id = SYM2ID(name);
+                if (id == rb_id_forwarding_positionals) {
+                    forwarding |= PM_OPTIONS_SCOPE_FORWARDING_POSITIONALS;
+                } else if (id == rb_id_forwarding_keywords) {
+                    forwarding |= PM_OPTIONS_SCOPE_FORWARDING_KEYWORDS;
+                } else if (id == rb_id_forwarding_block) {
+                    forwarding |= PM_OPTIONS_SCOPE_FORWARDING_BLOCK;
+                } else if (id == rb_id_forwarding_all) {
+                    forwarding |= PM_OPTIONS_SCOPE_FORWARDING_ALL;
+                } else {
+                    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid forwarding value: %" PRIsVALUE, name);
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %"PRIsVALUE" (expected Array or Prism::Scope)", rb_obj_class(scope));
+        }
+
+        // Initialize the scope array.
+        size_t locals_count = RARRAY_LEN(locals);
+        pm_options_scope_t *options_scope = &options->scopes[scope_index];
+        if (!pm_options_scope_init(options_scope, locals_count)) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "failed to allocate memory");
+        }
+
+        // Iterate over the locals and add them to the scope.
+        for (size_t local_index = 0; local_index < locals_count; local_index++) {
+            VALUE local = rb_ary_entry(locals, local_index);
+
+            // Check that the local is a symbol. If it's not, then raise a
+            // type error.
+            if (!RB_TYPE_P(local, T_SYMBOL)) {
+                rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %"PRIsVALUE" (expected Symbol)", rb_obj_class(local));
+            }
+
+            // Add the local to the scope.
+            pm_string_t *scope_local = &options_scope->locals[local_index];
+            const char *name = rb_id2name(SYM2ID(local));
+            pm_string_constant_init(scope_local, name, strlen(name));
+        }
+
+        // Now set the forwarding options.
+        pm_options_scope_forwarding_set(options_scope, forwarding);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * An iterator function that is called for each key-value in the keywords hash.
+ */
+static int
+build_options_i(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE argument) {
+    pm_options_t *options = (pm_options_t *) argument;
+    ID key_id = SYM2ID(key);
+
+    if (key_id == rb_id_option_filepath) {
+        if (!NIL_P(value)) pm_options_filepath_set(options, check_string(value));
+    } else if (key_id == rb_id_option_encoding) {
+        if (!NIL_P(value)) {
+            if (value == Qfalse) {
+                pm_options_encoding_locked_set(options, true);
+            } else {
+                pm_options_encoding_set(options, rb_enc_name(rb_to_encoding(value)));
+            }
+        }
+    } else if (key_id == rb_id_option_line) {
+        if (!NIL_P(value)) pm_options_line_set(options, NUM2INT(value));
+    } else if (key_id == rb_id_option_frozen_string_literal) {
+        if (!NIL_P(value)) pm_options_frozen_string_literal_set(options, RTEST(value));
+    } else if (key_id == rb_id_option_version) {
+        if (!NIL_P(value)) {
+            const char *version = check_string(value);
+
+            if (!pm_options_version_set(options, version, RSTRING_LEN(value))) {
+                rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid version: %" PRIsVALUE, value);
+            }
+        }
+    } else if (key_id == rb_id_option_scopes) {
+        if (!NIL_P(value)) build_options_scopes(options, value);
+    } else if (key_id == rb_id_option_command_line) {
+        if (!NIL_P(value)) {
+            const char *string = check_string(value);
+            uint8_t command_line = 0;
+
+            for (size_t index = 0; index < strlen(string); index++) {
+                switch (string[index]) {
+                    case 'a': command_line |= PM_OPTIONS_COMMAND_LINE_A; break;
+                    case 'e': command_line |= PM_OPTIONS_COMMAND_LINE_E; break;
+                    case 'l': command_line |= PM_OPTIONS_COMMAND_LINE_L; break;
+                    case 'n': command_line |= PM_OPTIONS_COMMAND_LINE_N; break;
+                    case 'p': command_line |= PM_OPTIONS_COMMAND_LINE_P; break;
+                    case 'x': command_line |= PM_OPTIONS_COMMAND_LINE_X; break;
+                    default: rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid command line flag: '%c'", string[index]); break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            pm_options_command_line_set(options, command_line);
+        }
+    } else if (key_id == rb_id_option_main_script) {
+        if (!NIL_P(value)) pm_options_main_script_set(options, RTEST(value));
+    } else if (key_id == rb_id_option_partial_script) {
+        if (!NIL_P(value)) pm_options_partial_script_set(options, RTEST(value));
+    } else if (key_id == rb_id_option_freeze) {
+        if (!NIL_P(value)) pm_options_freeze_set(options, RTEST(value));
+    } else {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unknown keyword: %" PRIsVALUE, key);
+    }
+
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+/**
+ * We need a struct here to pass through rb_protect and it has to be a single
+ * value. Because the sizeof(VALUE) == sizeof(void *), we're going to pass this
+ * through as an opaque pointer and cast it on both sides.
+ */
+struct build_options_data {
+    pm_options_t *options;
+    VALUE keywords;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Build the set of options from the given keywords. Note that this can raise a
+ * Ruby error if the options are not valid.
+ */
+static VALUE
+build_options(VALUE argument) {
+    struct build_options_data *data = (struct build_options_data *) argument;
+    rb_hash_foreach(data->keywords, build_options_i, (VALUE) data->options);
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Extract the options from the given keyword arguments.
+ */
+static void
+extract_options(pm_options_t *options, VALUE filepath, VALUE keywords) {
+    options->line = 1; // default
+
+    if (!NIL_P(keywords)) {
+        struct build_options_data data = { .options = options, .keywords = keywords };
+        struct build_options_data *argument = &data;
+
+        int state = 0;
+        rb_protect(build_options, (VALUE) argument, &state);
+
+        if (state != 0) {
+            pm_options_free(options);
+            rb_jump_tag(state);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!NIL_P(filepath)) {
+        if (!RB_TYPE_P(filepath, T_STRING)) {
+            pm_options_free(options);
+            rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %"PRIsVALUE" (expected String)", rb_obj_class(filepath));
+        }
+
+        pm_options_filepath_set(options, RSTRING_PTR(filepath));
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Read options for methods that look like (source, **options).
+ */
+static void
+string_options(int argc, VALUE *argv, pm_string_t *input, pm_options_t *options) {
+    VALUE string;
+    VALUE keywords;
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1:", &string, &keywords);
+
+    extract_options(options, Qnil, keywords);
+    input_load_string(input, string);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Read options for methods that look like (filepath, **options).
+ */
+static void
+file_options(int argc, VALUE *argv, pm_string_t *input, pm_options_t *options, VALUE *encoded_filepath) {
+    VALUE filepath;
+    VALUE keywords;
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1:", &filepath, &keywords);
+
+    Check_Type(filepath, T_STRING);
+    *encoded_filepath = rb_str_encode_ospath(filepath);
+    extract_options(options, *encoded_filepath, keywords);
+
+    const char *source = (const char *) pm_string_source(&options->filepath);
+    pm_string_init_result_t result;
+
+    switch (result = pm_string_file_init(input, source)) {
+        case PM_STRING_INIT_SUCCESS:
+            break;
+        case PM_STRING_INIT_ERROR_GENERIC: {
+            pm_options_free(options);
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+            int e = rb_w32_map_errno(GetLastError());
+#else
+            int e = errno;
+#endif
+
+            rb_syserr_fail(e, source);
+            break;
+        }
+        case PM_STRING_INIT_ERROR_DIRECTORY:
+            pm_options_free(options);
+            rb_syserr_fail(EISDIR, source);
+            break;
+        default:
+            pm_options_free(options);
+            rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Unknown error (%d) initializing file: %s", result, source);
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+#ifndef PRISM_EXCLUDE_SERIALIZATION
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+/* Serializing the AST                                                        */
+/******************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Dump the AST corresponding to the given input to a string.
+ */
+static VALUE
+dump_input(pm_string_t *input, const pm_options_t *options) {
+    pm_buffer_t buffer;
+    if (!pm_buffer_init(&buffer)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "failed to allocate memory");
+    }
+
+    pm_parser_t parser;
+    pm_parser_init(&parser, pm_string_source(input), pm_string_length(input), options);
+
+    pm_node_t *node = pm_parse(&parser);
+    pm_serialize(&parser, node, &buffer);
+
+    VALUE result = rb_str_new(pm_buffer_value(&buffer), pm_buffer_length(&buffer));
+    pm_node_destroy(&parser, node);
+    pm_buffer_free(&buffer);
+    pm_parser_free(&parser);
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Prism::dump(source, **options) -> String
+ *
+ * Dump the AST corresponding to the given string to a string. For supported
+ * options, see Prism::parse.
+ */
+static VALUE
+dump(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
+    pm_string_t input;
+    pm_options_t options = { 0 };
+    string_options(argc, argv, &input, &options);
+
+#ifdef PRISM_BUILD_DEBUG
+    size_t length = pm_string_length(&input);
+    char* dup = xmalloc(length);
+    memcpy(dup, pm_string_source(&input), length);
+    pm_string_constant_init(&input, dup, length);
+#endif
+
+    VALUE value = dump_input(&input, &options);
+    if (options.freeze) rb_obj_freeze(value);
+
+#ifdef PRISM_BUILD_DEBUG
+    xfree(dup);
+#endif
+
+    pm_string_free(&input);
+    pm_options_free(&options);
+
+    return value;
+}
+
+/**
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Prism::dump_file(filepath, **options) -> String
+ *
+ * Dump the AST corresponding to the given file to a string. For supported
+ * options, see Prism::parse.
+ */
+static VALUE
+dump_file(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
+    pm_string_t input;
+    pm_options_t options = { 0 };
+
+    VALUE encoded_filepath;
+    file_options(argc, argv, &input, &options, &encoded_filepath);
+
+    VALUE value = dump_input(&input, &options);
+    pm_string_free(&input);
+    pm_options_free(&options);
+
+    return value;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+/* Extracting values for the parse result                                     */
+/******************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * The same as rb_class_new_instance, but accepts an additional boolean to
+ * indicate whether or not the resulting class instance should be frozen.
+ */
+static inline VALUE
+rb_class_new_instance_freeze(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE klass, bool freeze) {
+    VALUE value = rb_class_new_instance(argc, argv, klass);
+    if (freeze) rb_obj_freeze(value);
+    return value;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a new Location instance from the given parser and bounds.
+ */
+static inline VALUE
+parser_location(const pm_parser_t *parser, VALUE source, bool freeze, const uint8_t *start, size_t length) {
+    VALUE argv[] = { source, LONG2FIX(start - parser->start), LONG2FIX(length) };
+    return rb_class_new_instance_freeze(3, argv, rb_cPrismLocation, freeze);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a new Location instance from the given parser and location.
+ */
+#define PARSER_LOCATION_LOC(parser, source, freeze, loc) \
+    parser_location(parser, source, freeze, loc.start, (size_t) (loc.end - loc.start))
+
+/**
+ * Build a new Comment instance from the given parser and comment.
+ */
+static inline VALUE
+parser_comment(const pm_parser_t *parser, VALUE source, bool freeze, const pm_comment_t *comment) {
+    VALUE argv[] = { PARSER_LOCATION_LOC(parser, source, freeze, comment->location) };
+    VALUE type = (comment->type == PM_COMMENT_EMBDOC) ? rb_cPrismEmbDocComment : rb_cPrismInlineComment;
+    return rb_class_new_instance_freeze(1, argv, type, freeze);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Extract the comments out of the parser into an array.
+ */
+static VALUE
+parser_comments(const pm_parser_t *parser, VALUE source, bool freeze) {
+    VALUE comments = rb_ary_new_capa(parser->comment_list.size);
+
+    for (
+        const pm_comment_t *comment = (const pm_comment_t *) parser->comment_list.head;
+        comment != NULL;
+        comment = (const pm_comment_t *) comment->node.next
+    ) {
+        VALUE value = parser_comment(parser, source, freeze, comment);
+        rb_ary_push(comments, value);
+    }
+
+    if (freeze) rb_obj_freeze(comments);
+    return comments;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build a new MagicComment instance from the given parser and magic comment.
+ */
+static inline VALUE
+parser_magic_comment(const pm_parser_t *parser, VALUE source, bool freeze, const pm_magic_comment_t *magic_comment) {
+    VALUE key_loc = parser_location(parser, source, freeze, magic_comment->key_start, magic_comment->key_length);
+    VALUE value_loc = parser_location(parser, source, freeze, magic_comment->value_start, magic_comment->value_length);
+    VALUE argv[] = { key_loc, value_loc };
+    return rb_class_new_instance_freeze(2, argv, rb_cPrismMagicComment, freeze);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Extract the magic comments out of the parser into an array.
+ */
+static VALUE
+parser_magic_comments(const pm_parser_t *parser, VALUE source, bool freeze) {
+    VALUE magic_comments = rb_ary_new_capa(parser->magic_comment_list.size);
+
+    for (
+        const pm_magic_comment_t *magic_comment = (const pm_magic_comment_t *) parser->magic_comment_list.head;
+        magic_comment != NULL;
+        magic_comment = (const pm_magic_comment_t *) magic_comment->node.next
+    ) {
+        VALUE value = parser_magic_comment(parser, source, freeze, magic_comment);
+        rb_ary_push(magic_comments, value);
+    }
+
+    if (freeze) rb_obj_freeze(magic_comments);
+    return magic_comments;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Extract out the data location from the parser into a Location instance if one
+ * exists.
+ */
+static VALUE
+parser_data_loc(const pm_parser_t *parser, VALUE source, bool freeze) {
+    if (parser->data_loc.end == NULL) {
+        return Qnil;
+    } else {
+        return PARSER_LOCATION_LOC(parser, source, freeze, parser->data_loc);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Extract the errors out of the parser into an array.
+ */
+static VALUE
+parser_errors(const pm_parser_t *parser, rb_encoding *encoding, VALUE source, bool freeze) {
+    VALUE errors = rb_ary_new_capa(parser->error_list.size);
+
+    for (
+        const pm_diagnostic_t *error = (const pm_diagnostic_t *) parser->error_list.head;
+        error != NULL;
+        error = (const pm_diagnostic_t *) error->node.next
+    ) {
+        VALUE type = ID2SYM(rb_intern(pm_diagnostic_id_human(error->diag_id)));
+        VALUE message = rb_obj_freeze(rb_enc_str_new_cstr(error->message, encoding));
+        VALUE location = PARSER_LOCATION_LOC(parser, source, freeze, error->location);
+
+        VALUE level = Qnil;
+        switch (error->level) {
+            case PM_ERROR_LEVEL_SYNTAX:
+                level = ID2SYM(rb_intern("syntax"));
+                break;
+            case PM_ERROR_LEVEL_ARGUMENT:
+                level = ID2SYM(rb_intern("argument"));
+                break;
+            case PM_ERROR_LEVEL_LOAD:
+                level = ID2SYM(rb_intern("load"));
+                break;
+            default:
+                rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Unknown level: %" PRIu8, error->level);
+        }
+
+        VALUE argv[] = { type, message, location, level };
+        VALUE value = rb_class_new_instance_freeze(4, argv, rb_cPrismParseError, freeze);
+        rb_ary_push(errors, value);
+    }
+
+    if (freeze) rb_obj_freeze(errors);
+    return errors;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Extract the warnings out of the parser into an array.
+ */
+static VALUE
+parser_warnings(const pm_parser_t *parser, rb_encoding *encoding, VALUE source, bool freeze) {
+    VALUE warnings = rb_ary_new_capa(parser->warning_list.size);
+
+    for (
+        const pm_diagnostic_t *warning = (const pm_diagnostic_t *) parser->warning_list.head;
+        warning != NULL;
+        warning = (const pm_diagnostic_t *) warning->node.next
+    ) {
+        VALUE type = ID2SYM(rb_intern(pm_diagnostic_id_human(warning->diag_id)));
+        VALUE message = rb_obj_freeze(rb_enc_str_new_cstr(warning->message, encoding));
+        VALUE location = PARSER_LOCATION_LOC(parser, source, freeze, warning->location);
+
+        VALUE level = Qnil;
+        switch (warning->level) {
+            case PM_WARNING_LEVEL_DEFAULT:
+                level = ID2SYM(rb_intern("default"));
+                break;
+            case PM_WARNING_LEVEL_VERBOSE:
+                level = ID2SYM(rb_intern("verbose"));
+                break;
+            default:
+                rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Unknown level: %" PRIu8, warning->level);
+        }
+
+        VALUE argv[] = { type, message, location, level };
+        VALUE value = rb_class_new_instance_freeze(4, argv, rb_cPrismParseWarning, freeze);
+        rb_ary_push(warnings, value);
+    }
+
+    if (freeze) rb_obj_freeze(warnings);
+    return warnings;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a new parse result from the given parser, value, encoding, and source.
+ */
+static VALUE
+parse_result_create(VALUE class, const pm_parser_t *parser, VALUE value, rb_encoding *encoding, VALUE source, bool freeze) {
+    VALUE result_argv[] = {
+        value,
+        parser_comments(parser, source, freeze),
+        parser_magic_comments(parser, source, freeze),
+        parser_data_loc(parser, source, freeze),
+        parser_errors(parser, encoding, source, freeze),
+        parser_warnings(parser, encoding, source, freeze),
+        source
+    };
+
+    return rb_class_new_instance_freeze(7, result_argv, class, freeze);
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+/* Lexing Ruby code                                                           */
+/******************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * This struct gets stored in the parser and passed in to the lex callback any
+ * time a new token is found. We use it to store the necessary information to
+ * initialize a Token instance.
+ */
+typedef struct {
+    VALUE source;
+    VALUE tokens;
+    rb_encoding *encoding;
+    bool freeze;
+} parse_lex_data_t;
+
+/**
+ * This is passed as a callback to the parser. It gets called every time a new
+ * token is found. Once found, we initialize a new instance of Token and push it
+ * onto the tokens array.
+ */
+static void
+parse_lex_token(void *data, pm_parser_t *parser, pm_token_t *token) {
+    parse_lex_data_t *parse_lex_data = (parse_lex_data_t *) parser->lex_callback->data;
+
+    VALUE value = pm_token_new(parser, token, parse_lex_data->encoding, parse_lex_data->source, parse_lex_data->freeze);
+    VALUE yields = rb_assoc_new(value, INT2FIX(parser->lex_state));
+
+    if (parse_lex_data->freeze) {
+        rb_obj_freeze(value);
+        rb_obj_freeze(yields);
+    }
+
+    rb_ary_push(parse_lex_data->tokens, yields);
+}
+
+/**
+ * This is called whenever the encoding changes based on the magic comment at
+ * the top of the file. We use it to update the encoding that we are using to
+ * create tokens.
+ */
+static void
+parse_lex_encoding_changed_callback(pm_parser_t *parser) {
+    parse_lex_data_t *parse_lex_data = (parse_lex_data_t *) parser->lex_callback->data;
+    parse_lex_data->encoding = rb_enc_find(parser->encoding->name);
+
+    // Since the encoding changed, we need to go back and change the encoding of
+    // the tokens that were already lexed. This is only going to end up being
+    // one or two tokens, since the encoding can only change at the top of the
+    // file.
+    VALUE tokens = parse_lex_data->tokens;
+    VALUE next_tokens = rb_ary_new();
+
+    for (long index = 0; index < RARRAY_LEN(tokens); index++) {
+        VALUE yields = rb_ary_entry(tokens, index);
+        VALUE token = rb_ary_entry(yields, 0);
+
+        VALUE value = rb_ivar_get(token, rb_intern("@value"));
+        VALUE next_value = rb_str_dup(value);
+
+        rb_enc_associate(next_value, parse_lex_data->encoding);
+        if (parse_lex_data->freeze) rb_obj_freeze(next_value);
+
+        VALUE next_token_argv[] = {
+            parse_lex_data->source,
+            rb_ivar_get(token, rb_intern("@type")),
+            next_value,
+            rb_ivar_get(token, rb_intern("@location"))
+        };
+
+        VALUE next_token = rb_class_new_instance(4, next_token_argv, rb_cPrismToken);
+        VALUE next_yields = rb_assoc_new(next_token, rb_ary_entry(yields, 1));
+
+        if (parse_lex_data->freeze) {
+            rb_obj_freeze(next_token);
+            rb_obj_freeze(next_yields);
+        }
+
+        rb_ary_push(next_tokens, next_yields);
+    }
+
+    rb_ary_replace(parse_lex_data->tokens, next_tokens);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse the given input and return a ParseResult containing just the tokens or
+ * the nodes and tokens.
+ */
+static VALUE
+parse_lex_input(pm_string_t *input, const pm_options_t *options, bool return_nodes) {
+    pm_parser_t parser;
+    pm_parser_init(&parser, pm_string_source(input), pm_string_length(input), options);
+    pm_parser_register_encoding_changed_callback(&parser, parse_lex_encoding_changed_callback);
+
+    VALUE source_string = rb_str_new((const char *) pm_string_source(input), pm_string_length(input));
+    VALUE offsets = rb_ary_new_capa(parser.newline_list.size);
+    VALUE source = rb_funcall(rb_cPrismSource, rb_id_source_for, 3, source_string, LONG2NUM(parser.start_line), offsets);
+
+    parse_lex_data_t parse_lex_data = {
+        .source = source,
+        .tokens = rb_ary_new(),
+        .encoding = rb_utf8_encoding(),
+        .freeze = options->freeze,
+    };
+
+    parse_lex_data_t *data = &parse_lex_data;
+    pm_lex_callback_t lex_callback = (pm_lex_callback_t) {
+        .data = (void *) data,
+        .callback = parse_lex_token,
+    };
+
+    parser.lex_callback = &lex_callback;
+    pm_node_t *node = pm_parse(&parser);
+
+    // Here we need to update the Source object to have the correct
+    // encoding for the source string and the correct newline offsets.
+    // We do it here because we've already created the Source object and given
+    // it over to all of the tokens, and both of these are only set after pm_parse().
+    rb_encoding *encoding = rb_enc_find(parser.encoding->name);
+    rb_enc_associate(source_string, encoding);
+
+    for (size_t index = 0; index < parser.newline_list.size; index++) {
+        rb_ary_push(offsets, ULONG2NUM(parser.newline_list.offsets[index]));
+    }
+
+    if (options->freeze) {
+        rb_obj_freeze(source_string);
+        rb_obj_freeze(offsets);
+        rb_obj_freeze(source);
+        rb_obj_freeze(parse_lex_data.tokens);
+    }
+
+    VALUE result;
+    if (return_nodes) {
+        VALUE value = rb_ary_new_capa(2);
+        rb_ary_push(value, pm_ast_new(&parser, node, parse_lex_data.encoding, source, options->freeze));
+        rb_ary_push(value, parse_lex_data.tokens);
+        if (options->freeze) rb_obj_freeze(value);
+        result = parse_result_create(rb_cPrismParseLexResult, &parser, value, parse_lex_data.encoding, source, options->freeze);
+    } else {
+        result = parse_result_create(rb_cPrismLexResult, &parser, parse_lex_data.tokens, parse_lex_data.encoding, source, options->freeze);
+    }
+
+    pm_node_destroy(&parser, node);
+    pm_parser_free(&parser);
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Prism::lex(source, **options) -> LexResult
+ *
+ * Return a LexResult instance that contains an array of Token instances
+ * corresponding to the given string. For supported options, see Prism::parse.
+ */
+static VALUE
+lex(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
+    pm_string_t input;
+    pm_options_t options = { 0 };
+    string_options(argc, argv, &input, &options);
+
+    VALUE result = parse_lex_input(&input, &options, false);
+    pm_string_free(&input);
+    pm_options_free(&options);
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Prism::lex_file(filepath, **options) -> LexResult
+ *
+ * Return a LexResult instance that contains an array of Token instances
+ * corresponding to the given file. For supported options, see Prism::parse.
+ */
+static VALUE
+lex_file(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
+    pm_string_t input;
+    pm_options_t options = { 0 };
+
+    VALUE encoded_filepath;
+    file_options(argc, argv, &input, &options, &encoded_filepath);
+
+    VALUE value = parse_lex_input(&input, &options, false);
+    pm_string_free(&input);
+    pm_options_free(&options);
+
+    return value;
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+/* Parsing Ruby code                                                          */
+/******************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Parse the given input and return a ParseResult instance.
+ */
+static VALUE
+parse_input(pm_string_t *input, const pm_options_t *options) {
+    pm_parser_t parser;
+    pm_parser_init(&parser, pm_string_source(input), pm_string_length(input), options);
+
+    pm_node_t *node = pm_parse(&parser);
+    rb_encoding *encoding = rb_enc_find(parser.encoding->name);
+
+    VALUE source = pm_source_new(&parser, encoding, options->freeze);
+    VALUE value = pm_ast_new(&parser, node, encoding, source, options->freeze);
+    VALUE result = parse_result_create(rb_cPrismParseResult, &parser, value, encoding, source, options->freeze);
+
+    if (options->freeze) {
+        rb_obj_freeze(source);
+    }
+
+    pm_node_destroy(&parser, node);
+    pm_parser_free(&parser);
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Prism::parse(source, **options) -> ParseResult
+ *
+ * Parse the given string and return a ParseResult instance. The options that
+ * are supported are:
+ *
+ * * `command_line` - either nil or a string of the various options that were
+ *       set on the command line. Valid values are combinations of "a", "l",
+ *       "n", "p", and "x".
+ * * `encoding` - the encoding of the source being parsed. This should be an
+ *       encoding or nil.
+ * * `filepath` - the filepath of the source being parsed. This should be a
+ *       string or nil.
+ * * `freeze` - whether or not to deeply freeze the AST. This should be a
+ *       boolean or nil.
+ * * `frozen_string_literal` - whether or not the frozen string literal pragma
+ *       has been set. This should be a boolean or nil.
+ * * `line` - the line number that the parse starts on. This should be an
+ *       integer or nil. Note that this is 1-indexed.
+ * * `main_script` - a boolean indicating whether or not the source being parsed
+ *       is the main script being run by the interpreter. This controls whether
+ *       or not shebangs are parsed for additional flags and whether or not the
+ *       parser will attempt to find a matching shebang if the first one does
+ *       not contain the word "ruby".
+ * * `partial_script` - when the file being parsed is considered a "partial"
+ *       script, jumps will not be marked as errors if they are not contained
+ *       within loops/blocks. This is used in the case that you're parsing a
+ *       script that you know will be embedded inside another script later, but
+ *       you do not have that context yet. For example, when parsing an ERB
+ *       template that will be evaluated inside another script.
+ * * `scopes` - the locals that are in scope surrounding the code that is being
+ *       parsed. This should be an array of arrays of symbols or nil. Scopes are
+ *       ordered from the outermost scope to the innermost one.
+ * * `version` - the version of Ruby syntax that prism should used to parse Ruby
+ *       code. By default prism assumes you want to parse with the latest
+ *       version of Ruby syntax (which you can trigger with `nil` or
+ *       `"latest"`). You may also restrict the syntax to a specific version of
+ *       Ruby, e.g., with `"3.3.0"`. To parse with the same syntax version that
+ *       the current Ruby is running use `version: RUBY_VERSION`. Raises
+ *       ArgumentError if the version is not currently supported by Prism.
+ */
+static VALUE
+parse(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
+    pm_string_t input;
+    pm_options_t options = { 0 };
+    string_options(argc, argv, &input, &options);
+
+#ifdef PRISM_BUILD_DEBUG
+    size_t length = pm_string_length(&input);
+    char* dup = xmalloc(length);
+    memcpy(dup, pm_string_source(&input), length);
+    pm_string_constant_init(&input, dup, length);
+#endif
+
+    VALUE value = parse_input(&input, &options);
+
+#ifdef PRISM_BUILD_DEBUG
+    xfree(dup);
+#endif
+
+    pm_string_free(&input);
+    pm_options_free(&options);
+    return value;
+}
+
+/**
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Prism::parse_file(filepath, **options) -> ParseResult
+ *
+ * Parse the given file and return a ParseResult instance. For supported
+ * options, see Prism::parse.
+ */
+static VALUE
+parse_file(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
+    pm_string_t input;
+    pm_options_t options = { 0 };
+
+    VALUE encoded_filepath;
+    file_options(argc, argv, &input, &options, &encoded_filepath);
+
+    VALUE value = parse_input(&input, &options);
+    pm_string_free(&input);
+    pm_options_free(&options);
+
+    return value;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse the given input and return nothing.
+ */
+static void
+profile_input(pm_string_t *input, const pm_options_t *options) {
+    pm_parser_t parser;
+    pm_parser_init(&parser, pm_string_source(input), pm_string_length(input), options);
+
+    pm_node_t *node = pm_parse(&parser);
+    pm_node_destroy(&parser, node);
+    pm_parser_free(&parser);
+}
+
+/**
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Prism::profile(source, **options) -> nil
+ *
+ * Parse the given string and return nothing. This method is meant to allow
+ * profilers to avoid the overhead of reifying the AST to Ruby. For supported
+ * options, see Prism::parse.
+ */
+static VALUE
+profile(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
+    pm_string_t input;
+    pm_options_t options = { 0 };
+
+    string_options(argc, argv, &input, &options);
+    profile_input(&input, &options);
+    pm_string_free(&input);
+    pm_options_free(&options);
+
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+/**
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Prism::profile_file(filepath, **options) -> nil
+ *
+ * Parse the given file and return nothing. This method is meant to allow
+ * profilers to avoid the overhead of reifying the AST to Ruby. For supported
+ * options, see Prism::parse.
+ */
+static VALUE
+profile_file(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
+    pm_string_t input;
+    pm_options_t options = { 0 };
+
+    VALUE encoded_filepath;
+    file_options(argc, argv, &input, &options, &encoded_filepath);
+
+    profile_input(&input, &options);
+    pm_string_free(&input);
+    pm_options_free(&options);
+
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+static int
+parse_stream_eof(void *stream) {
+    if (rb_funcall((VALUE) stream, rb_intern("eof?"), 0)) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * An implementation of fgets that is suitable for use with Ruby IO objects.
+ */
+static char *
+parse_stream_fgets(char *string, int size, void *stream) {
+    RUBY_ASSERT(size > 0);
+
+    VALUE line = rb_funcall((VALUE) stream, rb_intern("gets"), 1, INT2FIX(size - 1));
+    if (NIL_P(line)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    const char *cstr = RSTRING_PTR(line);
+    long length = RSTRING_LEN(line);
+
+    memcpy(string, cstr, length);
+    string[length] = '\0';
+
+    return string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Prism::parse_stream(stream, **options) -> ParseResult
+ *
+ * Parse the given object that responds to `gets` and return a ParseResult
+ * instance. The options that are supported are the same as Prism::parse.
+ */
+static VALUE
+parse_stream(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
+    VALUE stream;
+    VALUE keywords;
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1:", &stream, &keywords);
+
+    pm_options_t options = { 0 };
+    extract_options(&options, Qnil, keywords);
+
+    pm_parser_t parser;
+    pm_buffer_t buffer;
+
+    pm_node_t *node = pm_parse_stream(&parser, &buffer, (void *) stream, parse_stream_fgets, parse_stream_eof, &options);
+    rb_encoding *encoding = rb_enc_find(parser.encoding->name);
+
+    VALUE source = pm_source_new(&parser, encoding, options.freeze);
+    VALUE value = pm_ast_new(&parser, node, encoding, source, options.freeze);
+    VALUE result = parse_result_create(rb_cPrismParseResult, &parser, value, encoding, source, options.freeze);
+
+    pm_node_destroy(&parser, node);
+    pm_buffer_free(&buffer);
+    pm_parser_free(&parser);
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse the given input and return an array of Comment objects.
+ */
+static VALUE
+parse_input_comments(pm_string_t *input, const pm_options_t *options) {
+    pm_parser_t parser;
+    pm_parser_init(&parser, pm_string_source(input), pm_string_length(input), options);
+
+    pm_node_t *node = pm_parse(&parser);
+    rb_encoding *encoding = rb_enc_find(parser.encoding->name);
+
+    VALUE source = pm_source_new(&parser, encoding, options->freeze);
+    VALUE comments = parser_comments(&parser, source, options->freeze);
+
+    pm_node_destroy(&parser, node);
+    pm_parser_free(&parser);
+
+    return comments;
+}
+
+/**
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Prism::parse_comments(source, **options) -> Array
+ *
+ * Parse the given string and return an array of Comment objects. For supported
+ * options, see Prism::parse.
+ */
+static VALUE
+parse_comments(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
+    pm_string_t input;
+    pm_options_t options = { 0 };
+    string_options(argc, argv, &input, &options);
+
+    VALUE result = parse_input_comments(&input, &options);
+    pm_string_free(&input);
+    pm_options_free(&options);
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Prism::parse_file_comments(filepath, **options) -> Array
+ *
+ * Parse the given file and return an array of Comment objects. For supported
+ * options, see Prism::parse.
+ */
+static VALUE
+parse_file_comments(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
+    pm_string_t input;
+    pm_options_t options = { 0 };
+
+    VALUE encoded_filepath;
+    file_options(argc, argv, &input, &options, &encoded_filepath);
+
+    VALUE value = parse_input_comments(&input, &options);
+    pm_string_free(&input);
+    pm_options_free(&options);
+
+    return value;
+}
+
+/**
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Prism::parse_lex(source, **options) -> ParseLexResult
+ *
+ * Parse the given string and return a ParseLexResult instance that contains a
+ * 2-element array, where the first element is the AST and the second element is
+ * an array of Token instances.
+ *
+ * This API is only meant to be used in the case where you need both the AST and
+ * the tokens. If you only need one or the other, use either Prism::parse or
+ * Prism::lex.
+ *
+ * For supported options, see Prism::parse.
+ */
+static VALUE
+parse_lex(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
+    pm_string_t input;
+    pm_options_t options = { 0 };
+    string_options(argc, argv, &input, &options);
+
+    VALUE value = parse_lex_input(&input, &options, true);
+    pm_string_free(&input);
+    pm_options_free(&options);
+
+    return value;
+}
+
+/**
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Prism::parse_lex_file(filepath, **options) -> ParseLexResult
+ *
+ * Parse the given file and return a ParseLexResult instance that contains a
+ * 2-element array, where the first element is the AST and the second element is
+ * an array of Token instances.
+ *
+ * This API is only meant to be used in the case where you need both the AST and
+ * the tokens. If you only need one or the other, use either Prism::parse_file
+ * or Prism::lex_file.
+ *
+ * For supported options, see Prism::parse.
+ */
+static VALUE
+parse_lex_file(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
+    pm_string_t input;
+    pm_options_t options = { 0 };
+
+    VALUE encoded_filepath;
+    file_options(argc, argv, &input, &options, &encoded_filepath);
+
+    VALUE value = parse_lex_input(&input, &options, true);
+    pm_string_free(&input);
+    pm_options_free(&options);
+
+    return value;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse the given input and return true if it parses without errors.
+ */
+static VALUE
+parse_input_success_p(pm_string_t *input, const pm_options_t *options) {
+    pm_parser_t parser;
+    pm_parser_init(&parser, pm_string_source(input), pm_string_length(input), options);
+
+    pm_node_t *node = pm_parse(&parser);
+    pm_node_destroy(&parser, node);
+
+    VALUE result = parser.error_list.size == 0 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+    pm_parser_free(&parser);
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Prism::parse_success?(source, **options) -> bool
+ *
+ * Parse the given string and return true if it parses without errors. For
+ * supported options, see Prism::parse.
+ */
+static VALUE
+parse_success_p(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
+    pm_string_t input;
+    pm_options_t options = { 0 };
+    string_options(argc, argv, &input, &options);
+
+    VALUE result = parse_input_success_p(&input, &options);
+    pm_string_free(&input);
+    pm_options_free(&options);
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Prism::parse_failure?(source, **options) -> bool
+ *
+ * Parse the given string and return true if it parses with errors. For
+ * supported options, see Prism::parse.
+ */
+static VALUE
+parse_failure_p(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
+    return RTEST(parse_success_p(argc, argv, self)) ? Qfalse : Qtrue;
+}
+
+/**
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Prism::parse_file_success?(filepath, **options) -> bool
+ *
+ * Parse the given file and return true if it parses without errors. For
+ * supported options, see Prism::parse.
+ */
+static VALUE
+parse_file_success_p(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
+    pm_string_t input;
+    pm_options_t options = { 0 };
+
+    VALUE encoded_filepath;
+    file_options(argc, argv, &input, &options, &encoded_filepath);
+
+    VALUE result = parse_input_success_p(&input, &options);
+    pm_string_free(&input);
+    pm_options_free(&options);
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Prism::parse_file_failure?(filepath, **options) -> bool
+ *
+ * Parse the given file and return true if it parses with errors. For
+ * supported options, see Prism::parse.
+ */
+static VALUE
+parse_file_failure_p(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
+    return RTEST(parse_file_success_p(argc, argv, self)) ? Qfalse : Qtrue;
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+/* String query methods                                                       */
+/******************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Process the result of a call to a string query method and return an
+ * appropriate value.
+ */
+static VALUE
+string_query(pm_string_query_t result) {
+    switch (result) {
+        case PM_STRING_QUERY_ERROR:
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Invalid or non ascii-compatible encoding");
+            return Qfalse;
+        case PM_STRING_QUERY_FALSE:
+            return Qfalse;
+        case PM_STRING_QUERY_TRUE:
+            return Qtrue;
+    }
+    return Qfalse;
+}
+
+/**
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Prism::StringQuery::local?(string) -> bool
+ *
+ * Returns true if the string constitutes a valid local variable name. Note that
+ * this means the names that can be set through Binding#local_variable_set, not
+ * necessarily the ones that can be set through a local variable assignment.
+ */
+static VALUE
+string_query_local_p(VALUE self, VALUE string) {
+    const uint8_t *source = (const uint8_t *) check_string(string);
+    return string_query(pm_string_query_local(source, RSTRING_LEN(string), rb_enc_get(string)->name));
+}
+
+/**
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Prism::StringQuery::constant?(string) -> bool
+ *
+ * Returns true if the string constitutes a valid constant name. Note that this
+ * means the names that can be set through Module#const_set, not necessarily the
+ * ones that can be set through a constant assignment.
+ */
+static VALUE
+string_query_constant_p(VALUE self, VALUE string) {
+    const uint8_t *source = (const uint8_t *) check_string(string);
+    return string_query(pm_string_query_constant(source, RSTRING_LEN(string), rb_enc_get(string)->name));
+}
+
+/**
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Prism::StringQuery::method_name?(string) -> bool
+ *
+ * Returns true if the string constitutes a valid method name.
+ */
+static VALUE
+string_query_method_name_p(VALUE self, VALUE string) {
+    const uint8_t *source = (const uint8_t *) check_string(string);
+    return string_query(pm_string_query_method_name(source, RSTRING_LEN(string), rb_enc_get(string)->name));
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+/* Initialization of the extension                                            */
+/******************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * The init function that Ruby calls when loading this extension.
+ */
+RUBY_FUNC_EXPORTED void
+Init_prism(void) {
+    // Make sure that the prism library version matches the expected version.
+    // Otherwise something was compiled incorrectly.
+    if (strcmp(pm_version(), EXPECTED_PRISM_VERSION) != 0) {
+        rb_raise(
+            rb_eRuntimeError,
+            "The prism library version (%s) does not match the expected version (%s)",
+            pm_version(),
+            EXPECTED_PRISM_VERSION
+        );
+    }
+
+#ifdef HAVE_RB_EXT_RACTOR_SAFE
+    // Mark this extension as Ractor-safe.
+    rb_ext_ractor_safe(true);
+#endif
+
+    // Grab up references to all of the constants that we're going to need to
+    // reference throughout this extension.
+    rb_cPrism = rb_define_module("Prism");
+    rb_cPrismNode = rb_define_class_under(rb_cPrism, "Node", rb_cObject);
+    rb_cPrismSource = rb_define_class_under(rb_cPrism, "Source", rb_cObject);
+    rb_cPrismToken = rb_define_class_under(rb_cPrism, "Token", rb_cObject);
+    rb_cPrismLocation = rb_define_class_under(rb_cPrism, "Location", rb_cObject);
+    rb_cPrismComment = rb_define_class_under(rb_cPrism, "Comment", rb_cObject);
+    rb_cPrismInlineComment = rb_define_class_under(rb_cPrism, "InlineComment", rb_cPrismComment);
+    rb_cPrismEmbDocComment = rb_define_class_under(rb_cPrism, "EmbDocComment", rb_cPrismComment);
+    rb_cPrismMagicComment = rb_define_class_under(rb_cPrism, "MagicComment", rb_cObject);
+    rb_cPrismParseError = rb_define_class_under(rb_cPrism, "ParseError", rb_cObject);
+    rb_cPrismParseWarning = rb_define_class_under(rb_cPrism, "ParseWarning", rb_cObject);
+    rb_cPrismResult = rb_define_class_under(rb_cPrism, "Result", rb_cObject);
+    rb_cPrismParseResult = rb_define_class_under(rb_cPrism, "ParseResult", rb_cPrismResult);
+    rb_cPrismLexResult = rb_define_class_under(rb_cPrism, "LexResult", rb_cPrismResult);
+    rb_cPrismParseLexResult = rb_define_class_under(rb_cPrism, "ParseLexResult", rb_cPrismResult);
+    rb_cPrismStringQuery = rb_define_class_under(rb_cPrism, "StringQuery", rb_cObject);
+    rb_cPrismScope = rb_define_class_under(rb_cPrism, "Scope", rb_cObject);
+
+    // Intern all of the IDs eagerly that we support so that we don't have to do
+    // it every time we parse.
+    rb_id_option_command_line = rb_intern_const("command_line");
+    rb_id_option_encoding = rb_intern_const("encoding");
+    rb_id_option_filepath = rb_intern_const("filepath");
+    rb_id_option_freeze = rb_intern_const("freeze");
+    rb_id_option_frozen_string_literal = rb_intern_const("frozen_string_literal");
+    rb_id_option_line = rb_intern_const("line");
+    rb_id_option_main_script = rb_intern_const("main_script");
+    rb_id_option_partial_script = rb_intern_const("partial_script");
+    rb_id_option_scopes = rb_intern_const("scopes");
+    rb_id_option_version = rb_intern_const("version");
+    rb_id_source_for = rb_intern("for");
+    rb_id_forwarding_positionals = rb_intern("*");
+    rb_id_forwarding_keywords = rb_intern("**");
+    rb_id_forwarding_block = rb_intern("&");
+    rb_id_forwarding_all = rb_intern("...");
+
+    /**
+     * The version of the prism library.
+     */
+    rb_define_const(rb_cPrism, "VERSION", rb_str_freeze(rb_str_new_cstr(EXPECTED_PRISM_VERSION)));
+
+    // First, the functions that have to do with lexing and parsing.
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cPrism, "lex", lex, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cPrism, "lex_file", lex_file, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cPrism, "parse", parse, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cPrism, "parse_file", parse_file, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cPrism, "profile", profile, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cPrism, "profile_file", profile_file, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cPrism, "parse_stream", parse_stream, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cPrism, "parse_comments", parse_comments, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cPrism, "parse_file_comments", parse_file_comments, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cPrism, "parse_lex", parse_lex, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cPrism, "parse_lex_file", parse_lex_file, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cPrism, "parse_success?", parse_success_p, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cPrism, "parse_failure?", parse_failure_p, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cPrism, "parse_file_success?", parse_file_success_p, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cPrism, "parse_file_failure?", parse_file_failure_p, -1);
+
+#ifndef PRISM_EXCLUDE_SERIALIZATION
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cPrism, "dump", dump, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cPrism, "dump_file", dump_file, -1);
+#endif
+
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cPrismStringQuery, "local?", string_query_local_p, 1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cPrismStringQuery, "constant?", string_query_constant_p, 1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cPrismStringQuery, "method_name?", string_query_method_name_p, 1);
+
+    // Next, initialize the other APIs.
+    Init_prism_api_node();
+    Init_prism_pack();
+}