ebnf 1.2.0 → 2.0.0

data/lib/ebnf/peg.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+module EBNF
+  module PEG
+    autoload :Parser, 'ebnf/peg/parser'
+    autoload :Rule, 'ebnf/peg/rule'
+
+    ##
+    # Transform EBNF Rule set for PEG parsing:
+    #
+    #   * Transform each rule into a set of sub-rules extracting unnamed sequences into new rules, using {Rule#to_peg}.
+    # @return [ENBF] self
+    def make_peg
+      progress("make_peg") {"Start: #{@ast.length} rules"}
+      new_ast = []
+
+      ast.each do |rule|
+        debug("make_peg") {"expand from: #{rule.inspect}"}
+        new_rules = rule.to_peg
+        debug(" => ") {new_rules.map(&:sym).join(', ')}
+        new_ast += new_rules
+      end
+
+      @ast = new_ast
+      progress("make_peg") {"End: #{@ast.length} rules"}
+      self
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Output Ruby parser files for PEG parsing
+    #
+    # @param [IO, StringIO] output
+    def to_ruby_peg(output, **options)
+      output.puts "  RULES = ["
+      ast.each do |rule|
+        output.puts "    " + rule.to_ruby + '.extend(EBNF::PEG::Rule),'
+      end
+      output.puts "  ]"
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/ebnf/peg/parser.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,535 @@
+module EBNF::PEG
+  ##
+  # A Generic PEG parser using the parsed rules modified for PEG parseing.
+  module Parser
+    ##
+    # @return [Regexp, Rule] how to remove inter-rule whitespace
+    attr_reader :whitespace
+
+    ##
+    # @return [Scanner] used for scanning input.
+    attr_reader :scanner
+
+    ##
+    # A Hash structure used for memoizing rule results for a given input location.
+    #
+    #  @example Partial structure for memoizing results for a particular rule
+    #
+    #      {
+    #        rule: {
+    #          86: {
+    #                pos: 
+    #                result: [<EBNF::Rule:80 {
+    #                  sym: :ebnf,
+    #                    id: "1",
+    #                    kind: :rule,
+    #                    expr: [:star, [:alt, :declaration, :rule]]}>],
+    #               }
+    #          131: [<EBNF::Rule:80 {sym: :ebnf,
+    #              id: "1",
+    #              kind: :rule,
+    #              expr: [:star, [:alt, :declaration, :rule]]}>,
+    #            <EBNF::Rule:100 {
+    #              sym: :declaration,
+    #              id: "2",
+    #              kind: :rule,
+    #              expr: [:alt, "@terminals", :pass]}>]
+    #        },
+    #        POSTFIX: {
+    #          80: "*",
+    #          368: "*",
+    #          399: "+"
+    #        }
+    #      }
+    # @return [Hash{Integer => Hash{Symbol => Object}}]
+    attr_reader :packrat
+
+    def self.included(base)
+      base.extend(ClassMethods)
+    end
+
+    # DSL for creating terminals and productions
+    module ClassMethods
+      def start_handlers; (@start_handlers ||= {}); end
+      def production_handlers; (@production_handlers ||= {}); end
+      def terminal_handlers; (@terminal_handlers ||= {}); end
+      def terminal_regexps; (@terminal_regexps ||= {}); end
+
+      ##
+      # Defines the pattern for a terminal node and a block to be invoked
+      # when ther terminal is encountered. If the block is missing, the
+      # value of the terminal will be placed on the input hash to be returned
+      # to a previous production. Block is called in an evaluation block from
+      # the enclosing parser.
+      #
+      # If no block is provided, then the value which would have been passed to the block is used as the result directly.
+      #
+      # @param [Symbol] term
+      #   The terminal name.
+      # @param [Regexp] regexp (nil)
+      #   Pattern used to scan for this terminal,
+      #   defaults to the expression defined in the associated rule.
+      #   If unset, the terminal rule is used for matching.
+      # @param [Hash] options
+      # @option options [Hash{String => String}] :map ({})
+      #   A mapping from terminals, in lower-case form, to
+      #   their canonical value
+      # @option options [Boolean] :unescape
+      #   Cause strings and codepoints to be unescaped.
+      # @yield [value, prod]
+      # @yieldparam [String] value
+      #   The scanned terminal value.
+      # @yieldparam [Symbol] prod
+      #   A symbol indicating the production which referenced this terminal
+      # @yieldparam [Proc] block
+      #   Block passed to initialization for yielding to calling parser.
+      #   Should conform to the yield specs for #initialize
+      def terminal(term, regexp = nil, **options, &block)
+        terminal_regexps[term] = regexp if regexp
+        terminal_handlers[term] = block if block_given?
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Defines a production called at the beggining of a particular production
+      # with data from previous production along with data defined for the
+      # current production. Block is called in an evaluation block from
+      # the enclosing parser.
+      #
+      # @param [Symbol] term
+      #   The rule name
+      # @yield [data, block]
+      # @yieldparam [Hash] data
+      #   A Hash defined for the current production, during :start
+      #   may be initialized with data to pass to further productions,
+      #   during :finish, it contains data placed by earlier productions
+      # @yieldparam [Proc] block
+      #   Block passed to initialization for yielding to calling parser.
+      #   Should conform to the yield specs for #initialize
+      # Yield to generate a triple
+      def start_production(term, &block)
+        start_handlers[term] = block
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Defines a production called when production of associated
+      # non-terminals has completed
+      # with data from previous production along with data defined for the
+      # current production. Block is called in an evaluation block from
+      # the enclosing parser.
+      #
+      # @param [Symbol] term
+      #   Term which is a key in the branch table
+      # @param [Boolean] clear_packrat (false)
+      #   Clears the packrat state on completion to reduce memory requirements of parser. Use only on a top-level rule when it is determined that no further backtracking is necessary.
+      # @yield [result, data, block]
+      # @yieldparam [Object] result
+      #   The result from sucessfully parsing the production.
+      # @yieldparam [Hash] data
+      #   A Hash defined for the current production, during :start
+      #   may be initialized with data to pass to further productions,
+      #   during :finish, it contains data placed by earlier productions
+      # @yieldparam [Proc] block
+      #   Block passed to initialization for yielding to calling parser.
+      #   Should conform to the yield specs for #initialize
+      # @yieldreturn [Object] the result of this production.
+      # Yield to generate a triple
+      def production(term, clear_packrat: false, &block)
+        production_handlers[term] = [block, clear_packrat]
+      end
+
+      # Evaluate a handler, delegating to the specified object.
+      # This is necessary so that handlers can operate within the
+      # binding context of the parser in which they're invoked.
+      # @param [Object] object
+      # @return [Object]
+      def eval_with_binding(object)
+        @delegate = object
+        object.instance_eval {yield}
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def method_missing(method, *args, &block)
+        if @delegate ||= nil
+          # special handling when last arg is **options
+          params = @delegate.method(method).parameters
+          if params.any? {|t, _| t == :keyrest} && args.last.is_a?(Hash)
+            opts = args.pop
+            @delegate.send(method, *args, **opts, &block)
+          else
+            @delegate.send(method, *args, &block)
+          end
+        else
+          super
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Initializes a new parser instance.
+    #
+    # @param  [String, #to_s] input
+    # @param [Symbol, #to_s] start
+    #   The starting production for the parser. It may be a URI from the grammar, or a symbol representing the local_name portion of the grammar URI.
+    # @param [Array<EBNF::PEG::Rule>] rules
+    #   The parsed rules, which control parsing sequence.
+    #   Identify the symbol of the starting rule with `start`.
+    # @param  [Hash{Symbol => Object}] options
+    # @option options[Integer] :high_water passed to lexer
+    # @option options [Logger] :logger for errors/progress/debug.
+    # @option options[Integer] :low_water passed to lexer
+    # @option options [Symbol, Regexp] :whitespace 
+    #   Symbol of whitespace rule (defaults to `@pass`), or a regular expression
+    #   for eating whitespace between non-terminal rules (strongly encouraged).
+    # @yield [context, *data]
+    #   Yields to return data to parser
+    # @yieldparam [:statement, :trace] context
+    #   Context for block
+    # @yieldparam [Symbol] *data
+    #   Data specific to the call
+    # @return [Object] AST resulting from parse
+    # @raise [Exception] Raises exceptions for parsing errors
+    #   or errors raised during processing callbacks. Internal
+    #   errors are raised using {Error}.
+    def parse(input = nil, start = nil, rules = nil, **options, &block)
+      start ||= options[:start]
+      rules ||= options[:rules] || []
+      @rules = rules.inject({}) {|memo, rule| memo.merge(rule.sym => rule)}
+      @packrat = {}
+
+      # Add parser reference to each rule
+      @rules.each_value {|rule| rule.parser = self}
+
+      # Take whitespace from options, a named rule, a `pass` rule, a rule named :WS, or a default
+      @whitespace = case options[:whitespace]
+      when Regexp then options[:whitespace]
+      when Symbol then @rules[options[:whitespace]]
+      end ||
+        @rules.values.detect(&:pass?) ||
+        /(?:\s|(?:#[^x][^\n\r]*))+/m.freeze
+
+      @options = options.dup
+      @productions = []
+      @parse_callback = block
+      @error_log = []
+      @prod_data = []
+
+      @scanner = EBNF::LL1::Scanner.new(input)
+      start = start.split('#').last.to_sym unless start.is_a?(Symbol)
+      start_rule = @rules[start]
+      raise Error, "Starting production #{start.inspect} not defined" unless start_rule
+
+      result = start_rule.parse(scanner)
+      if result == :unmatched
+        # Start rule wasn't matched, which is about the only error condition
+        error("--top--", @furthest_failure.to_s,
+          pos: @furthest_failure.pos,
+          lineno: @furthest_failure.lineno,
+          rest: scanner.string[@furthest_failure.pos, 20])
+      end
+
+      # Eat any remaining whitespace
+      start_rule.eat_whitespace(scanner)
+      if !scanner.eos?
+        error("--top--", @furthest_failure.to_s,
+          pos: @furthest_failure.pos,
+          lineno: @furthest_failure.lineno,
+          rest: scanner.string[@furthest_failure.pos, 20])
+      end
+
+      # When all is said and done, raise the error log
+      unless @error_log.empty?
+        raise Error, @error_log.join("\n")
+      end
+
+      result
+    end
+
+    # Depth of parsing, for log output.
+    def depth; (@productions || []).length; end
+
+    # Current ProdData element
+    def prod_data; @prod_data.last || {}; end
+
+    # Clear out packrat memoizer. This is appropriate when completing a top-level rule when there is no possibility of backtracking.
+    def clear_packrat; @packrat.clear; end
+
+    ##
+    # Error information, used as level `3` logger messages.
+    # Messages may be logged and are saved for reporting at end of parsing.
+    #
+    # @param [String] node Relevant location associated with message
+    # @param [String] message Error string
+    # @param [Hash{Symbol => Object}] options
+    # @option options [URI, #to_s] :production
+    # @option options [Token] :token
+    # @see #debug
+    def error(node, message, **options)
+      lineno = options[:lineno] || (scanner.lineno if scanner)
+      m = "ERROR "
+      m += "[line: #{lineno}] " if lineno
+      m += message
+      m += " (found #{options[:rest].inspect})" if options[:rest]
+      m += ", production = #{options[:production].inspect}" if options[:production]
+      @error_log << m unless @recovering
+      @recovering = true
+      debug(node, m, level: 3, **options)
+      if options[:raise] || @options[:validate]
+        raise Error.new(m, lineno: lineno, rest: options[:rest], production: options[:production])
+      end
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Warning information, used as level `2` logger messages.
+    # Messages may be logged and are saved for reporting at end of parsing.
+    #
+    # @param [String] node Relevant location associated with message
+    # @param [String] message Error string
+    # @param [Hash] options
+    # @option options [URI, #to_s] :production
+    # @option options [Token] :token
+    # @see #debug
+    def warn(node, message, **options)
+      lineno = options[:lineno] || (scanner.lineno if scanner)
+      m = "WARNING "
+      m += "[line: #{lineno}] " if lineno
+      m += message
+      m += " (found #{options[:rest].inspect})" if options[:rest]
+      m += ", production = #{options[:production].inspect}" if options[:production]
+      debug(node, m, level: 2, **options)
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Progress logged when parsing. Passed as level `1` logger messages.
+    #
+    # The call is ignored, unless `@options[:logger]` is set.
+    #
+    # @overload progress(node, message, **options, &block)
+    #   @param [String] node Relevant location associated with message
+    #   @param [String] message ("")
+    #   @param [Hash] options
+    #   @option options [Integer] :depth
+    #       Recursion depth for indenting output
+    # @see #debug
+    def progress(node, *args, &block)
+      return unless @options[:logger]
+      args << {} unless args.last.is_a?(Hash)
+      args.last[:level] ||= 1
+      debug(node, *args, &block)
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Debug logging.
+    #
+    # The call is ignored, unless `@options[:logger]` is set.
+    #
+    # @overload debug(node, message, **options)
+    #   @param [Array<String>] args Relevant location associated with message
+    #   @param [Hash] options
+    #   @option options [Integer] :depth
+    #     Recursion depth for indenting output
+    #   @yieldreturn [String] additional string appended to `message`.
+    def debug(*args)
+      return unless @options[:logger]
+      options = args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {}
+      lineno = options[:lineno] || (scanner.lineno if scanner)
+      level = options.fetch(:level, 0)
+
+      depth = options[:depth] || self.depth
+      args << yield if block_given?
+      @options[:logger].add(level, "[#{lineno}]" + (" " * depth) + args.join(" "))
+    end
+
+    # Start for production
+    # Adds data avoiable during the processing of the production
+    def onStart(prod)
+      handler = self.class.start_handlers[prod]
+      @productions << prod
+      debug("#{prod}(:start)", "",
+        lineno: (scanner.lineno if scanner),
+        pos: (scanner.pos if scanner),
+        depth: (depth + 1)) {"#{prod}, pos: #{scanner ? scanner.pos : '?'}, rest: #{scanner ? scanner.rest[0..20].inspect : '?'}"}
+      if handler
+        # Create a new production data element, potentially allowing handler
+        # to customize before pushing on the @prod_data stack
+        data = {}
+        begin
+          self.class.eval_with_binding(self) {
+            handler.call(data, @parse_callback)
+          }
+        rescue ArgumentError, Error => e
+          error("start", "#{e.class}: #{e.message}", production: prod)
+          @recovering = false
+        end
+        @prod_data << data
+      elsif self.class.production_handlers[prod]
+        # Make sure we push as many was we pop, even if there is no
+        # explicit start handler
+        @prod_data << {}
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Finish of production
+    #
+    # @param [Object] result parse result
+    # @return [Object] parse result, or the value returned from the handler
+    def onFinish(result)
+      #puts "prod_data(f): " + @prod_data.inspect
+      prod = @productions.last
+      handler, clear_packrat = self.class.production_handlers[prod]
+      data = @prod_data.pop if handler || self.class.start_handlers[prod]
+      if handler && !@recovering && result != :unmatched
+        # Pop production data element from stack, potentially allowing handler to use it
+        result = begin
+          self.class.eval_with_binding(self) {
+            handler.call(result, data, @parse_callback)
+          }
+        rescue ArgumentError, Error => e
+          error("finish", "#{e.class}: #{e.message}", production: prod)
+          @recovering = false
+        end
+      end
+      progress("#{prod}(:finish)", "",
+               depth: (depth + 1),
+               lineno: (scanner.lineno if scanner),
+               level: result == :unmatched ? 0 : 1) do
+        "#{result.inspect}@(#{scanner ? scanner.pos : '?'}), rest: #{scanner ? scanner.rest[0..20].inspect : '?'}"
+      end
+      self.clear_packrat if clear_packrat
+      @productions.pop
+      result
+    end
+
+    # A terminal with a defined handler
+    #
+    # @param [Symbol] prod from the symbol of the associated rule
+    # @param [String] value the scanned string
+    # @return [String, Object] either the result from the handler, or the token
+    def onTerminal(prod, value)
+      parentProd = @productions.last
+      handler = self.class.terminal_handlers[prod]
+      if handler && value != :unmatched
+        value = begin
+          self.class.eval_with_binding(self) {
+            handler.call(value, parentProd, @parse_callback)
+          }
+        rescue ArgumentError, Error => e
+          error("terminal", "#{e.class}: #{e.message}", value: value, production: prod)
+          @recovering = false
+        end
+      end
+      progress("#{prod}(:terminal)", "",
+               depth: (depth + 2),
+               lineno: (scanner.lineno if scanner),
+               level: value == :unmatched ? 0 : 1) do
+        "#{value.inspect}@(#{scanner ? scanner.pos : '?'})"
+      end
+      value
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Find a rule for a symbol
+    #
+    # @param [Symbol] sym
+    # @return [Rule]
+    def find_rule(sym)
+      @rules[sym]
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Find a regular expression defined for a terminal
+    #
+    # @param [Symbol] sym
+    # @return [Regexp]
+    def find_terminal_regexp(sym)
+      self.class.terminal_regexps[sym]
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Record furthest failure.
+    #
+    # @param [Integer] pos
+    #   The position in the input stream where the failure occured.
+    # @param [Integer] lineno
+    #   Line where the failure occured.
+    # @param [Symbol, String] token
+    #   The terminal token or string which attempted to match.
+    # @see https://arxiv.org/pdf/1405.6646.pdf
+    def update_furthest_failure(pos, lineno, token)
+      # Skip generated productions
+      return if token.is_a?(Symbol) && token.to_s.start_with?('_')
+      if @furthest_failure.nil? || pos > @furthest_failure.pos
+        @furthest_failure = Unmatched.new(pos, lineno, [token])
+      elsif pos == @furthest_failure.pos && !@furthest_failure[:expecting].include?(token)
+        @furthest_failure[:expecting] << token
+      end
+    end
+
+  public
+
+    ##
+    # @!parse
+    #   # Record details about an inmatched rule, including the following:
+    #   # 
+    #   # * Input location and line number at time of failure.
+    #   # * The rule at which this was found (non-terminal, and nat starting with '_').
+    #   class Unmatched
+    #     # @return [Integer] The position within the scanner which did not match.
+    #     attr_reader :pos
+    #     # @return [Integer] The line number which did not match.
+    #     attr_reader :lineno
+    #     # @return [Array<Symbol,String>]
+    #     #   Strings or production rules that attempted to match at this position.
+    #     attr_reader :expecting
+    #   end
+    class Unmatched < Struct.new(:pos, :lineno, :expecting)
+      def to_s
+        "syntax error, expecting #{expecting.map(&:inspect).join(', ')}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Raised for errors during parsing.
+    #
+    # @example Raising a parser error
+    #   raise Error.new(
+    #     "invalid token '%' on line 10",
+    #     rest: '%', lineno: 9, production: :turtleDoc)
+    #
+    # @see https://ruby-doc.org/core/classes/StandardError.html
+    class Error < StandardError
+      ##
+      # The current production.
+      #
+      # @return [Symbol]
+      attr_reader :production
+
+      ##
+      # The read head when scanning failed
+      #
+      # @return [String]
+      attr_reader :rest
+
+      ##
+      # The line number where the error occurred.
+      #
+      # @return [Integer]
+      attr_reader :lineno
+
+      ##
+      # Initializes a new lexer error instance.
+      #
+      # @param  [String, #to_s]          message
+      # @param  [Hash{Symbol => Object}] options
+      # @option options [Symbol]         :production  (nil)
+      # @option options [String]         :rest  (nil)
+      # @option options [Integer]        :lineno (nil)
+      def initialize(message, **options)
+        @production = options[:production]
+        @rest       = options[:rest]
+        @lineno     = options[:lineno]
+        super(message.to_s)
+      end
+    end # class Error
+  end # class Parser
+end # module EBNF::LL1