dr-postgis_adapter 0.8.1

data/lib/postgis_adapter/functions/common.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,926 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# #
+#
+# COMMON GEOMETRICAL FUNCTIONS
+#
+# The methods here can be used by all geoms.
+#
+
+module PostgisAdapter
+module Functions
+
+  #
+  # Test if a geometry is well formed.
+  #
+  def valid_geom?
+    postgis_calculate(:isvalid, self)
+  end
+
+  #
+  # True if the given geometries represent the same geometry.
+  # Directionality is ignored.
+  #
+  # Returns TRUE if the given Geometries are "spatially equal".
+  # Use this for a 'better' answer than '='. Note by spatially equal we
+  # mean ST_Within(A,B) = true and ST_Within(B,A) = true and also mean ordering
+  # of points can be different but represent the same geometry structure.
+  # To verify the order of points is consistent, use ST_OrderingEquals
+  # (it must be noted ST_OrderingEquals is a little more stringent than
+  # simply verifying order of points are the same).
+  #
+  # This function will return false if either geometry is invalid even
+  # if they are binary equal.
+  #
+  # Returns Boolean ST_Equals(geometry A, geometry B);
+  #
+  def spatially_equal?(other)
+    postgis_calculate(:equals, [self, other])
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Returns the minimum bounding box for the supplied geometry, as a geometry.
+  # The polygon is defined by the corner points of the bounding box
+  # ((MINX, MINY), (MINX, MAXY), (MAXX, MAXY), (MAXX, MINY), (MINX, MINY)).
+  # PostGIS will add a ZMIN/ZMAX coordinate as well/
+  #
+  # Degenerate cases (vertical lines, points) will return a geometry of
+  # lower dimension than POLYGON, ie. POINT or LINESTRING.
+  #
+  # In PostGIS, the bounding box of a geometry is represented internally using
+  # float4s instead of float8s that are used to store geometries. The bounding
+  # box coordinates are floored, guarenteeing that the geometry is contained
+  # entirely within its bounds. This has the advantage that a geometry's
+  # bounding box is half the size as the minimum bounding rectangle,
+  # which means significantly faster indexes and general performance.
+  # But it also means that the bounding box is NOT the same as the minimum
+  # bounding rectangle that bounds the geome.
+  #
+  # Returns GeometryCollection ST_Envelope(geometry g1);
+  #
+  def envelope
+    postgis_calculate(:envelope, self)
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Computes the geometric center of a geometry, or equivalently,
+  # the center of mass of the geometry as a POINT. For [MULTI]POINTs, this is
+  # computed as the arithmetric mean of the input coordinates.
+  # For [MULTI]LINESTRINGs, this is computed as the weighted length of each
+  # line segment. For [MULTI]POLYGONs, "weight" is thought in terms of area.
+  # If an empty geometry is supplied, an empty GEOMETRYCOLLECTION is returned.
+  # If NULL is supplied, NULL is returned.
+  #
+  # The centroid is equal to the centroid of the set of component Geometries of
+  # highest dimension (since the lower-dimension geometries contribute zero
+  # "weight" to the centroid).
+  #
+  # Computation will be more accurate if performed by the GEOS module (enabled at compile time).
+  #
+  # http://postgis.refractions.net/documentation/manual-svn/ST_Centroid.html
+  #
+  # Returns Geometry ST_Centroid(geometry g1);
+  #
+  def centroid
+    postgis_calculate(:centroid, self)
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Returns the closure of the combinatorial boundary of this Geometry.
+  # The combinatorial boundary is defined as described in section 3.12.3.2 of the
+  # OGC SPEC. Because the result of this function is a closure, and hence topologically
+  # closed, the resulting boundary can be represented using representational
+  # geometry primitives as discussed in the OGC SPEC, section 3.12.2.
+  #
+  # Do not call with a GEOMETRYCOLLECTION as an argument.
+  #
+  # Performed by the GEOS module.
+  #
+  # Returns Geometry ST_Boundary(geometry geomA);
+  #
+  def boundary
+    postgis_calculate(:boundary, self)
+  end
+
+  #
+  # 2D minimum cartesian distance between two geometries in projected units.
+  #
+  # Returns Float ST_Distance(geometry g1, geometry g2);
+  #
+  def distance_to(other)
+    postgis_calculate(:distance, [self, other]).to_f
+  end
+
+  #
+  # True if geometry A is completely inside geometry B.
+  #
+  # For this function to make sense, the source geometries must both be of the same
+  # coordinate projection, having the same SRID. It is a given that
+  # if ST_Within(A,B) is true and ST_Within(B,A) is true, then the
+  # two geometries are considered spatially equal.
+  #
+  # This function call will automatically include a bounding box comparison that will
+  # make use of any indexes that are available on the geometries. To avoid index use,
+  # use the function _ST_Within.
+  #
+  # Do not call with a GEOMETRYCOLLECTION as an argument
+  # Do not use this function with invalid geometries. You will get unexpected results.
+  #
+  # Performed by the GEOS module.
+  #
+  # Returns Boolean ST_Within(geometry A, geometry B);
+  #
+  def within? other
+    postgis_calculate(:within, [self, other])
+  end
+
+  #
+  # True if the geometries are within the specified distance of one another.
+  # The distance is specified in units defined by the spatial reference system
+  # of the geometries. For this function to make sense, the source geometries
+  # must both be of the same coorindate projection, having the same SRID.
+  #
+  # Returns boolean ST_DWithin(geometry g1, geometry g2, double precision distance);
+  #
+  def d_within?(other, margin=0.1)
+    postgis_calculate(:dwithin, [self, other], margin)
+  end
+  alias_method "in_bounds?", "d_within?"
+
+  #
+  # True if geometry B is completely inside geometry A.
+  #
+  # For this function to make sense, the source geometries must both be of the same
+  # coordinate projection, having the same SRID. 'contains?' is the inverse of 'within?'.
+  #
+  # So a.contains?(b) is like b.within?(a) except in the case of invalid
+  # geometries where the result is always false regardless or not defined.
+  #
+  # Do not call with a GEOMETRYCOLLECTION as an argument
+  # Do not use this function with invalid geometries. You will get unexpected results.
+  #
+  # Performed by the GEOS module
+  #
+  # Returns Boolean ST_Contains(geometry geomA, geometry geomB);
+  #
+  def contains? other
+    postgis_calculate(:contains, [self, other])
+  end
+
+  #
+  # True if no point in Geometry A is outside Geometry B
+  #
+  # This function call will automatically include a bounding box comparison that
+  # will make use of any indexes that are available on the geometries. To avoid
+  # index use, use the function _ST_CoveredBy.
+  #
+  # Do not call with a GEOMETRYCOLLECTION as an argument.
+  # Do not use this function with invalid geometries. You will get unexpected results.
+  #
+  # Performed by the GEOS module.
+  #
+  # Aliased as 'inside?'
+  #
+  # Returns Boolean ST_CoveredBy(geometry geomA, geometry geomB);
+  #
+  def covered_by? other
+    postgis_calculate(:coveredby, [self, other])
+  end
+  alias_method "inside?", "covered_by?"
+
+  #
+  # Eye-candy. See 'covered_by?'.
+  #
+  # Returns !(Boolean ST_CoveredBy(geometry geomA, geometry geomB);)
+  #
+  def outside? other
+    !covered_by? other
+  end
+
+  #
+  # True if the Geometries do not "spatially intersect" - if they
+  # do not share any space together.
+  #
+  # Overlaps, Touches, Within all imply geometries are not spatially disjoint.
+  # If any of the aforementioned returns true, then the geometries are not
+  # spatially disjoint. Disjoint implies false for spatial intersection.
+  #
+  # Do not call with a GEOMETRYCOLLECTION as an argument.
+  #
+  # Returns boolean ST_Disjoint( geometry A , geometry B );
+  #
+  def disjoint? other
+    postgis_calculate(:disjoint, [self, other])
+  end
+
+  #
+  # How many dimensions the geom is made of (2, 3 or 4)
+  #
+  # Returns Integer  ST_Dimension(geom g1)
+  #
+  def dimension
+    postgis_calculate(:dimension, self).to_i
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Returns a "simplified" version of the given geometry using the Douglas-Peuker
+  # algorithm. Will actually do something only with (multi)lines and (multi)polygons
+  # but you can safely call it with any kind of geometry. Since simplification
+  # occurs on a object-by-object basis you can also feed a GeometryCollection to this
+  # function.
+  #
+  # Note that returned geometry might loose its simplicity (see 'is_simple?').
+  # Topology may not be preserved and may result in invalid geometries.
+  # Use 'simplify_preserve_topology' to preserve topology.
+  #
+  # Performed by the GEOS Module.
+  #
+  # Returns Geometry ST_Simplify(geometry geomA, float tolerance);
+  #
+  def simplify(tolerance=0.1)
+    postgis_calculate(:simplify, self, tolerance)
+  end
+
+  def simplify!(tolerance=0.1)
+    #FIXME: not good..
+    self.update_attribute(geo_columns.first, simplify)
+  end
+
+  #
+  #
+  def buffer(width=0.1)
+    postgis_calculate(:buffer, self, width)
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Returns a "simplified" version of the given geometry using the Douglas-Peuker
+  # algorithm. Will avoid creating derived geometries (polygons in particular) that
+  # are invalid. Will actually do something only with (multi)lines and (multi)polygons
+  # but you can safely call it with any kind of geometry. Since simplification occurs
+  # on a object-by-object basis you can also feed a GeometryCollection to this function.
+  #
+  # Performed by the GEOS module. Requires GEOS 3.0.0+
+  #
+  # Returns Geometry ST_SimplifyPreserveTopology(geometry geomA, float tolerance);
+  #
+  def simplify_preserve_topology(tolerance=0.1)
+    postgis_calculate(:simplifypreservetopology, self, tolerance)
+  end
+
+  #
+  # True if Geometries "spatially intersect", share any portion of space.
+  # False if they don't (they are Disjoint).
+  #
+  # 'overlaps?', 'touches?', 'within?' all imply spatial intersection.
+  # If any of the aforementioned returns true, then the geometries also
+  # spatially intersect. 'disjoint?' implies false for spatial intersection.
+  #
+  # Returns Boolean ST_Intersects(geometry geomA, geometry geomB);
+  #
+  def intersects? other
+    postgis_calculate(:intersects, [self, other])
+  end
+
+  #
+  # True if a Geometry`s Envelope "spatially intersect", share any portion of space.
+  #
+  # It`s 'intersects?', for envelopes.
+  #
+  # Returns Boolean SE_EnvelopesIntersect(geometry geomA, geometry geomB);
+  #
+  def envelopes_intersect? other
+     postgis_calculate(:se_envelopesintersect, [self, other])
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Geometry that represents the point set intersection of the Geometries.
+  # In other words - that portion of geometry A and geometry B that is shared between
+  # the two geometries. If the geometries do not share any space (are disjoint),
+  # then an empty geometry collection is returned.
+  #
+  # 'intersection' in conjunction with intersects? is very useful for clipping
+  # geometries such as in bounding box, buffer, region queries where you only want
+  # to return that portion of a geometry that sits in a country or region of interest.
+  #
+  # Do not call with a GEOMETRYCOLLECTION as an argument.
+  # Performed by the GEOS module.
+  #
+  # Returns Geometry ST_Intersection(geometry geomA, geometry geomB);
+  #
+  def intersection other
+    postgis_calculate(:intersection, [self, other])
+  end
+
+  #
+  # True if the Geometries share space, are of the same dimension, but are
+  # not completely contained by each other. They intersect, but one does not
+  # completely contain another.
+  #
+  # Do not call with a GeometryCollection as an argument
+  # This function call will automatically include a bounding box comparison that
+  # will make use of any indexes that are available on the geometries. To avoid
+  # index use, use the function _ST_Overlaps.
+  #
+  # Performed by the GEOS module.
+  #
+  # Returns Boolean ST_Overlaps(geometry A, geometry B);
+  #
+  def overlaps? other
+    postgis_calculate(:overlaps, [self, other])
+  end
+
+  # True if the geometries have at least one point in common,
+  # but their interiors do not intersect.
+  #
+  # If the only points in common between g1 and g2 lie in the union of the
+  # boundaries of g1 and g2. The 'touches?' relation applies to all Area/Area,
+  # Line/Line, Line/Area, Point/Area and Point/Line pairs of relationships,
+  # but not to the Point/Point pair.
+  #
+  # Returns Boolean ST_Touches(geometry g1, geometry g2);
+  #
+  def touches? other
+    postgis_calculate(:touches, [self, other])
+  end
+
+  def st_collect(other=nil)
+    postgis_calculate(:collect, [self, other])
+  end
+  #
+  # The convex hull of a geometry represents the minimum closed geometry that
+  # encloses all geometries within the set.
+  #
+  # It is usually used with MULTI and Geometry Collections. Although it is not
+  # an aggregate - you can use it in conjunction with ST_Collect to get the convex
+  # hull of a set of points. ST_ConvexHull(ST_Collect(somepointfield)).
+  # It is often used to determine an affected area based on a set of point observations.
+  #
+  # Performed by the GEOS module.
+  #
+  # Returns Geometry ST_ConvexHull(geometry geomA);
+  #
+  def convex_hull
+    postgis_calculate(:convexhull, self)
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Creates an areal geometry formed by the constituent linework of given geometry.
+  # The return type can be a Polygon or MultiPolygon, depending on input.
+  # If the input lineworks do not form polygons NULL is returned. The inputs can
+  # be LINESTRINGS, MULTILINESTRINGS, POLYGONS, MULTIPOLYGONS, and GeometryCollections.
+  #
+  # Returns Boolean ST_BuildArea(geometry A);
+  #
+  def build_area
+    postgis_calculate(:buildarea, self)
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Returns true if this Geometry has no anomalous geometric points, such as
+  # self intersection or self tangency.
+  #
+  # Returns boolean ST_IsSimple(geometry geomA);
+  #
+  def is_simple?
+    postgis_calculate(:issimple, self)
+  end
+  alias_method "simple?", "is_simple?"
+
+  #
+  # Aggregate. Creates a GeometryCollection containing possible polygons formed
+  # from the constituent linework of a set of geometries.
+  #
+  # Geometry Collections are often difficult to deal with with third party tools,
+  # so use ST_Polygonize in conjunction with ST_Dump to dump the polygons out into
+  #  individual polygons.
+  #
+  # Returns Geometry ST_Polygonize(geometry set geomfield);
+  #
+  def polygonize
+    postgis_calculate(:polygonize, self)
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Returns true if this Geometry is spatially related to anotherGeometry,
+  # by testing for intersections between the Interior, Boundary and Exterior
+  # of the two geometries as specified by the values in the
+  # intersectionPatternMatrix. If no intersectionPatternMatrix is passed in,
+  # then returns the maximum intersectionPatternMatrix that relates the 2 geometries.
+  #
+  #
+  # Version 1: Takes geomA, geomB, intersectionMatrix and Returns 1 (TRUE) if
+  # this Geometry is spatially related to anotherGeometry, by testing for
+  # intersections between the Interior, Boundary and Exterior of the two
+  # geometries as specified by the values in the intersectionPatternMatrix.
+  #
+  # This is especially useful for testing compound checks of intersection,
+  # crosses, etc in one step.
+  #
+  # Do not call with a GeometryCollection as an argument
+  #
+  # This is the "allowable" version that returns a boolean, not an integer.
+  # This is defined in OGC spec.
+  # This DOES NOT automagically include an index call. The reason for that
+  # is some relationships are anti e.g. Disjoint. If you are using a relationship
+  # pattern that requires intersection, then include the && index call.
+  #
+  # Version 2: Takes geomA and geomB and returns the DE-9IM
+  # (dimensionally extended nine-intersection matrix)
+  #
+  # Do not call with a GeometryCollection as an argument
+  # Not in OGC spec, but implied. see s2.1.13.2
+  #
+  #  Both Performed by the GEOS module
+  #
+  #  Returns:
+  #
+  #  String ST_Relate(geometry geomA, geometry geomB);
+  #  Boolean ST_Relate(geometry geomA, geometry geomB, text intersectionPatternMatrix);
+  #
+  def relate?(other, m = nil)
+    # Relate is case sentitive.......
+    m = "'#{m}'" if m
+    postgis_calculate("Relate", [self, other], m)
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Transform the geometry into a different spatial reference system.
+  # The destination SRID must exist in the SPATIAL_REF_SYS table.
+  #
+  # This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL.
+  # This method supports Circular Strings and Curves (PostGIS 1.3.4+)
+  #
+  # Requires PostGIS be compiled with Proj support.
+  #
+  # Return Geometry ST_Transform(geometry g1, integer srid);
+  #
+  def transform!(new_srid)
+    self[postgis_geoms.keys[0]] = postgis_calculate("Transform", self.new_record? ? self.geom : self, new_srid)
+  end
+
+  def transform(new_srid)
+    dup.transform!(new_srid)
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Returns a modified geometry having no segment longer than the given distance.
+  # Distance computation is performed in 2d only.
+  #
+  # This will only increase segments. It will not lengthen segments shorter than max length
+  #
+  # Return Geometry ST_Segmentize(geometry geomA, float max_length);
+  #
+  def segmentize(max_length=1.0)
+    postgis_calculate("segmentize", self, max_length)
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Returns the instance`s geom srid
+  #
+  def srid
+    self[postgis_geoms.keys.first].srid
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Return UTM Zone for a geom
+  #
+  # Return Integer
+  def utm_zone
+    if srid == 4326
+      geom = centroid
+    else
+      geomdup = transform(4326)
+      mezzo = geomdup.length / 2
+      geom = case geomdup
+             when Point      then  geomdup
+             when LineString then  geomdup[mezzo]
+             else
+               geomgeog[mezzo][geomgeo[mezzo]/2]
+             end
+
+    end
+
+    pref = geom.y > 0 ? 32700 : 32600
+    zone = ((geom.x + 180) / 6 + 1).to_i
+    zone + pref
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Returns the Geometry in its UTM Zone
+  #
+  # Return Geometry
+  def to_utm!(utm=nil)
+    utm ||= utm_zone
+    self[postgis_geoms.keys.first] = transform(utm)
+  end
+
+  def to_utm
+    dup.to_utm!
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Returns Geometry as GeoJSON
+  #
+  # http://geojson.org/
+  #
+  def as_geo_json(precision=15, bbox = 0)
+    postgis_calculate(:AsGeoJSON, self, [precision, bbox])
+  end
+
+  #
+  # ST_PointOnSurface — Returns a POINT guaranteed to lie on the surface.
+  #
+  # geometry ST_PointOnSurface(geometry g1);eometry A, geometry B);
+  #
+  def point_on_surface
+    postgis_calculate(:pointonsurface, self)
+  end
+
+  #
+  #
+  # LINESTRING
+  #
+  #
+  #
+  module LineStringFunctions
+
+    #
+    # Returns the 2D length of the geometry if it is a linestring, multilinestring,
+    # ST_Curve, ST_MultiCurve. 0 is returned for areal geometries. For areal geometries
+    # use 'perimeter'. Measurements are in the units of the spatial reference system
+    # of the geometry.
+    #
+    # Returns Float
+    #
+    def length
+      postgis_calculate(:length, self).to_f
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Returns the 3-dimensional or 2-dimensional length of the geometry if it is
+    # a linestring or multi-linestring. For 2-d lines it will just return the 2-d
+    # length (same as 'length')
+    #
+    # Returns Float
+    #
+    def length_3d
+      postgis_calculate(:length3d, self).to_f
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Calculates the length of a geometry on an ellipsoid. This is useful if the
+    # coordinates of the geometry are in longitude/latitude and a length is
+    # desired without reprojection. The ellipsoid is a separate database type and
+    # can be constructed as follows:
+    #
+    # SPHEROID[<NAME>,<SEMI-MAJOR AXIS>,<INVERSE FLATTENING>]
+    #
+    # Example:
+    #   SPHEROID["GRS_1980",6378137,298.257222101]
+    #
+    # Defaults to:
+    #
+    #   SPHEROID["IERS_2003",6378136.6,298.25642]
+    #
+    # Returns Float length_spheroid(geometry linestring, spheroid);
+    #
+    def length_spheroid(spheroid = EARTH_SPHEROID)
+      postgis_calculate(:length_spheroid, self, spheroid).to_f
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Return the number of points of the geometry.
+    # PostGis ST_NumPoints does not work as nov/08
+    #
+    # Returns Integer ST_NPoints(geometry g1);
+    #
+    def num_points
+      postgis_calculate(:npoints, self).to_i
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Returns geometry start point.
+    #
+    def start_point
+      postgis_calculate(:startpoint, self)
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Returns geometry end point.
+    #
+    def end_point
+      postgis_calculate(:endpoint, self)
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Takes two geometry objects and returns TRUE if their intersection
+    # "spatially cross", that is, the geometries have some, but not all interior
+    # points in common. The intersection of the interiors of the geometries must
+    # not be the empty set and must have a dimensionality less than the the
+    # maximum dimension of the two input geometries. Additionally, the
+    # intersection of the two geometries must not equal either of the source
+    # geometries. Otherwise, it returns FALSE.
+    #
+    #
+    # Returns Boolean ST_Crosses(geometry g1, geometry g2);
+    #
+    def crosses? other
+      postgis_calculate(:crosses, [self, other])
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Warning: PostGIS 1.4+
+    #
+    # Return crossing direction
+    def line_crossing_direction(other)
+      postgis_calculate(:lineCrossingDirection, [self, other])
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Returns a float between 0 and 1 representing the location of the closest point
+    # on LineString to the given Point, as a fraction of total 2d line length.
+    #
+    # You can use the returned location to extract a Point (ST_Line_Interpolate_Point)
+    # or a substring (ST_Line_Substring).
+    #
+    # This is useful for approximating numbers of addresses.
+    #
+    # Returns float (0 to 1) ST_Line_Locate_Point(geometry a_linestring, geometry a_point);
+    #
+    def locate_point point
+      postgis_calculate(:line_locate_point, [self, point]).to_f
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Return a derived geometry collection value with elements that match the
+    # specified measure. Polygonal elements are not supported.
+    #
+    # Semantic is specified by: ISO/IEC CD 13249-3:200x(E) - Text for
+    # Continuation CD Editing Meeting
+    #
+    # Returns geometry ST_Locate_Along_Measure(geometry ageom_with_measure, float a_measure);
+    #
+    def locate_along_measure(measure)
+      postgis_calculate(:locate_along_measure, self, measure)
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Return a derived geometry collection value with elements that match the
+    # specified range of measures inclusively. Polygonal elements are not supported.
+    #
+    # Semantic is specified by: ISO/IEC CD 13249-3:200x(E) - Text for Continuation CD Editing Meeting
+    #
+    # Returns geometry ST_Locate_Between_Measures(geometry geomA, float measure_start, float measure_end);
+    #
+    def locate_between_measures(a, b)
+      postgis_calculate(:locate_between_measures, self, [a,b])
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Returns a point interpolated along a line. First argument must be a LINESTRING.
+    # Second argument is a float8 between 0 and 1 representing fraction of total
+    # linestring length the point has to be located.
+    #
+    # See ST_Line_Locate_Point for computing the line location nearest to a Point.
+    #
+    # Returns geometry ST_Line_Interpolate_Point(geometry a_linestring, float a_fraction);
+    #
+    def interpolate_point(fraction)
+      postgis_calculate(:line_interpolate_point, self, fraction)
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Return a linestring being a substring of the input one starting and ending
+    # at the given fractions of total 2d length. Second and third arguments are
+    # float8 values between 0 and 1. This only works with LINESTRINGs. To use
+    # with contiguous MULTILINESTRINGs use in conjunction with ST_LineMerge.
+    #
+    # If 'start' and 'end' have the same value this is equivalent to 'interpolate_point'.
+    #
+    # See 'locate_point' for computing the line location nearest to a Point.
+    #
+    # Returns geometry ST_Line_Substring(geometry a_linestring, float startfraction, float endfraction);
+    #
+    def line_substring(s,e)
+      postgis_calculate(:line_substring, self, [s, e])
+    end
+
+    ###
+    #Not implemented in postgis yet
+    # ST_max_distance Returns the largest distance between two line strings.
+    #def max_distance other
+    # #float ST_Max_Distance(geometry g1, geometry g2);
+    #  postgis_calculate(:max_distance, [self, other])
+    #end
+
+    #
+    # Returns a (set of) LineString(s) formed by sewing together a MULTILINESTRING.
+    #
+    # Only use with MULTILINESTRING/LINESTRINGs. If you feed a polygon or geometry collection into this function, it will return an empty GEOMETRYCOLLECTION
+    #
+    # Returns geometry ST_LineMerge(geometry amultilinestring);
+    #
+    def line_merge
+      postgis_calculate(:LineMerge, self, { :stcollect => self})
+    end
+
+  end
+  #
+  #
+  #
+  #
+  # POINT
+  #
+  #
+  #
+  #
+  module PointFunctions
+
+    #
+    # Returns a float between 0 and 1 representing the location of the closest point
+    # on LineString to the given Point, as a fraction of total 2d line length.
+    #
+    # You can use the returned location to extract a Point (ST_Line_Interpolate_Point)
+    # or a substring (ST_Line_Substring).
+    #
+    # This is useful for approximating numbers of addresses.
+    #
+    # Returns float (0 to 1) ST_Line_Locate_Point(geometry a_linestring, geometry a_point);
+    #
+    def where_on_line line
+      postgis_calculate(:line_locate_point, [line, self]).to_f
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Linear distance in meters between two lon/lat points.
+    # Uses a spherical earth and radius of 6370986 meters.
+    # Faster than 'distance_spheroid', but less accurate.
+    #
+    # Only implemented for points.
+    #
+    # Returns Float ST_Distance_Sphere(geometry pointlonlatA, geometry pointlonlatB);
+    #
+    def distance_sphere_to(other)
+      postgis_calculate(:distance_sphere, [self, other]).to_f
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Calculates the distance on an ellipsoid. This is useful if the
+    # coordinates of the geometry are in longitude/latitude and a length is
+    # desired without reprojection. The ellipsoid is a separate database type and
+    # can be constructed as follows:
+    #
+    # This is slower then 'distance_sphere_to', but more precise.
+    #
+    # SPHEROID[<NAME>,<SEMI-MAJOR AXIS>,<INVERSE FLATTENING>]
+    #
+    # Example:
+    #   SPHEROID["GRS_1980",6378137,298.257222101]
+    #
+    # Defaults to:
+    #
+    #   SPHEROID["IERS_2003",6378136.6,298.25642]
+    #
+    # Returns ST_Distance_Spheroid(geometry geomA, geometry geomB, spheroid);
+    #
+    def distance_spheroid_to(other, spheroid = EARTH_SPHEROID)
+      postgis_calculate(:distance_spheroid, [self, other], spheroid).to_f
+    end
+
+    #
+    # The azimuth of the segment defined by the given Point geometries,
+    # or NULL if the two points are coincident. Return value is in radians.
+    #
+    # The Azimuth is mathematical concept defined as the angle, in this case
+    # measured in radian, between a reference plane and a point.
+    #
+    # Returns Float ST_Azimuth(geometry pointA, geometry pointB);
+    #
+    def azimuth other
+      #TODO: return if not point/point
+      postgis_calculate(:azimuth, [self, other]).to_f
+      rescue
+        ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid
+    end
+
+    #
+    # True if the geometry is a point and is inside the circle.
+    #
+    # Returns Boolean ST_point_inside_circle(geometry, float, float, float)
+    #
+    def inside_circle?(x,y,r)
+      postgis_calculate(:point_inside_circle, self, [x,y,r])
+    end
+
+  end
+
+  #
+  #
+  #
+  #
+  # Polygon
+  #
+  #
+  #
+  #
+  module PolygonFunctions
+
+    #
+    # The area of the geometry if it is a polygon or multi-polygon.
+    # Return the area measurement of an ST_Surface or ST_MultiSurface value.
+    # Area is in the units of the spatial reference system.
+    #
+    # Accepts optional parameter, the srid to transform to.
+    #
+    # Returns Float ST_Area(geometry g1);
+    #
+    def area transform=nil
+      postgis_calculate(:area, self, { :transform => transform }).to_f
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Returns the 2D perimeter of the geometry if it is a ST_Surface, ST_MultiSurface
+    # (Polygon, Multipolygon). 0 is returned for non-areal geometries. For linestrings
+    # use 'length'. Measurements are in the units of the spatial reference system of
+    # the geometry.
+    #
+    # Accepts optional parameter, the sridto transform to.
+    #
+    # Returns Float ST_Perimeter(geometry g1);
+    #
+    def perimeter transform=nil
+      postgis_calculate(:perimeter, self, { :transform => transform }).to_f
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Returns the 3-dimensional perimeter of the geometry, if it is a polygon or multi-polygon.
+    # If the geometry is 2-dimensional, then the 2-dimensional perimeter is returned.
+    #
+    # Returns Float ST_Perimeter3D(geometry geomA);
+    #
+    def perimeter3d
+      postgis_calculate(:perimeter3d, self).to_f
+    end
+
+    #
+    # True if the LineString's start and end points are coincident.
+    #
+    # This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation
+    # Specification for SQL.
+    #
+    # SQL-MM defines the result of ST_IsClosed(NULL) to be 0, while PostGIS returns NULL.
+    #
+    # Returns boolean ST_IsClosed(geometry g);
+    #
+    def closed?
+      postgis_calculate(:isclosed, self)
+    end
+    alias_method "is_closed?", "closed?"
+
+    #
+    # True if no point in Geometry B is outside Geometry A
+    #
+    # This function call will automatically include a bounding box comparison
+    # that will make use of any indexes that are available on the geometries.
+    # To avoid index use, use the function _ST_Covers.
+    #
+    # Do not call with a GEOMETRYCOLLECTION as an argument
+    # Do not use this function with invalid geometries. You will get unexpected results.
+    #
+    # Performed by the GEOS module.
+    #
+    # Returns Boolean ST_Covers(geometry geomA, geometry geomB);
+    #
+    def covers? other
+      postgis_calculate(:covers, [self, other])
+    end
+
+  end
+
+  #
+  #
+  #
+  #
+  # MultiPolygon
+  #
+  #
+  #
+  #
+  module MultiPolygonFunctions
+  end
+  
+  #
+  # Generic Geometry
+  #
+  module GeometryFunctions
+  end
+end
+end
+# NEW
+#ST_OrderingEquals — Returns true if the given geometries represent the same geometry and points are in the same directional order.
+#boolean ST_OrderingEquals(g
+#  ST_PointOnSurface — Returns a POINT guaranteed to lie on the surface.
+#geometry ST_PointOnSurface(geometry g1);eometry A, geometry B);
+
+
+#x ST_SnapToGrid(geometry, geometry, sizeX, sizeY, sizeZ, sizeM)
+# ST_X , ST_Y, SE_M, SE_Z, SE_IsMeasured has_m?