domainic-attributer 0.1.0 → 0.2.0

data/lib/domainic/attributer/dsl/attribute_builder.rb

@@ -7,11 +7,9 @@ require 'domainic/attributer/undefined'
 module Domainic
   module Attributer
     module DSL
-      # A class responsible for configuring attributes through a fluent interface.
-      #
-      # This class provides a rich DSL for configuring attributes with support for
-      # default values, coercion, validation, visibility controls, and change tracking.
-      # It uses method chaining to allow natural, declarative attribute definitions.
+      # This class provides a rich DSL for configuring attributes with support for default values, coercion, validation,
+      # visibility controls, and change tracking. It uses method chaining to allow natural, declarative attribute
+      # definitions
       #
       # @author {https://aaronmallen.me Aaron Allen}
       # @since 0.1.0
@@ -19,16 +17,16 @@ module Domainic
         # @rbs @base: __todo__
         # @rbs @options: OptionParser::result
 
-        # Initialize a new AttributeBuilder.
+        # Initialize a new AttributeBuilder
         #
         # @param base [Class, Module] the class or module to build the attribute in
         # @param attribute_name [String, Symbol] the name of the attribute
         # @param attribute_type [String, Symbol] the type of attribute
         # @param type_validator [Proc, Object, nil] optional type validator
-        # @param options [Hash] additional options for attribute configuration
-        # @yield configuration block for additional attribute settings
+        # @param options [Hash{Symbol => Object}] additional options for attribute configuration. See
+        #   {OptionParser#initialize} for details
         #
-        # @return [void]
+        # @return [AttributeBuilder] the new AttributeBuilder instance
         # @rbs (
         #   __todo__ base,
         #   String | Symbol attribute_name,
@@ -44,7 +42,10 @@ module Domainic
           instance_exec(&block) if block
         end
 
-        # Builds and finalizes the attribute.
+        # Build and finalize the {Attribute}
+        #
+        # @!visibility private
+        # @api private
         #
         # @return [Attribute] the configured attribute
         # @rbs () -> Attribute
@@ -54,10 +55,64 @@ module Domainic
           Attribute.new(@base, **options) # steep:ignore InsufficientKeywordArguments
         end
 
-        # Configure value coercion.
+        # Provides a way to automatically transform attribute values into the desired format or type. Coercion ensures
+        # input values conform to the expected structure by applying one or more handlers. Handlers can be Procs,
+        # lambdas, or method symbols.
+        #
+        # Coercions are applied during initialization or whenever the attribute value is updated.
+        #
+        # @note When coercion is used with nilable attributes, handlers should account for `nil` values appropriately.
+        #
+        # @example Simple coercion
+        #   class Superhero
+        #     include Domainic::Attributer
+        #
+        #     argument :code_name do
+        #       coerce_with ->(val) { val.to_s.upcase }
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   hero = Superhero.new("spiderman")
+        #   hero.code_name # => "SPIDERMAN"
+        #
+        # @example Multiple coercions
+        #   class Superhero
+        #     include Domainic::Attributer
+        #
+        #     option :power_level do
+        #       coerce_with ->(val) { val.to_s }         # Convert to string
+        #       coerce_with do |val|                     # Remove non-digits
+        #         val.gsub(/\D/, '')
+        #       end
+        #       coerce_with ->(val) { val.to_i }         # Convert to integer
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   hero = Superhero.new(power_level: "over 9000!")
+        #   hero.power_level # => 9000
+        #
+        # @example Coercion with an instance method
+        #   class Superhero
+        #     include Domainic::Attributer
+        #
+        #     option :alias_name do
+        #       coerce_with :format_alias
+        #     end
+        #
+        #     private
+        #
+        #     def format_alias(value)
+        #       value.to_s.downcase.split.map(&:capitalize).join(' ')
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   hero = Superhero.new(alias_name: "ironMAN")
+        #   hero.alias_name # => "Ironman"
         #
         # @param proc_symbol [Proc, Symbol, nil] optional coercion handler
         # @yield optional coercion block
+        # @yieldparam value [Object] the value to coerce
+        # @yieldreturn [Object] the coerced value
         #
         # @return [self] the builder for method chaining
         # @rbs (?(Attribute::Coercer::proc | Object)? proc_symbol) ?{ (untyped value) -> untyped } -> self
@@ -68,10 +123,62 @@ module Domainic
         end
         alias coerce coerce_with
 
-        # Configure default value.
+        # Provides a way to assign default values to attributes. These values can be static or dynamically generated
+        # using a block. The default value is only applied when no explicit value is provided for the attribute
+        #
+        # @example Static default values
+        #   class RPGCharacter
+        #     include Domainic::Attributer
+        #
+        #     option :level, Integer do
+        #       default 1
+        #     end
+        #
+        #     option :health_max do
+        #       default 100
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   hero = RPGCharacter.new
+        #   hero.level           # => 1
+        #   hero.health_max      # => 100
+        #
+        # @example Dynamic default values
+        #   class RPGCharacter
+        #     include Domainic::Attributer
+        #
+        #     option :created_at do
+        #       default { Time.now }
+        #     end
+        #
+        #     option :health_current do
+        #       default { health_max }
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   hero = RPGCharacter.new
+        #   hero.created_at      # => Current timestamp
+        #   hero.health_current  # => Defaults to the value of `health_max`
+        #
+        # @example Complex dynamic default values
+        #   class RPGCharacter
+        #     include Domainic::Attributer
+        #
+        #     option :inventory do
+        #       default do
+        #         base_items = ['Health Potion', 'Map']
+        #         base_items << 'Lucky Coin' if Random.rand < 0.1
+        #         base_items
+        #       end
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   hero = RPGCharacter.new
+        #   hero.inventory       # => ["Health Potion", "Map"] or ["Health Potion", "Map", "Lucky Coin"]
         #
         # @param value_or_proc [Object, Proc, nil] optional default value or generator
         # @yield optional default value generator block
+        # @yieldreturn [Object] the default value
         #
         # @return [self] the builder for method chaining
         # @rbs (?untyped? value_or_proc) ?{ (?) -> untyped } -> self
@@ -82,7 +189,33 @@ module Domainic
         alias default_generator default
         alias default_value default
 
-        # Set attribute description.
+        # Provides a way to add descriptive metadata to attributes. Descriptions improve code clarity by documenting
+        # the purpose or behavior of an attribute. These descriptions can be short or detailed, depending on the
+        # context.
+        #
+        # @note Descriptions are optional but highly recommended for improving readability and maintainability of the
+        #   code.
+        #
+        # @example Adding a short description
+        #   class MagicItem
+        #     include Domainic::Attributer
+        #
+        #     argument :name do
+        #       desc 'The name of the magic item, must be unique'
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        # @example Adding a detailed description
+        #   class MagicItem
+        #     include Domainic::Attributer
+        #
+        #     option :power_level do
+        #       description 'The magical power level of the item, ranging from 0 to 100.
+        #                    Higher power levels increase effectiveness but may come with
+        #                    increased risks during use.'
+        #       validate_with ->(val) { val.between?(0, 100) }
+        #     end
+        #   end
         #
         # @param text [String] the description text
         #
@@ -94,7 +227,33 @@ module Domainic
         end
         alias desc description
 
-        # Mark attribute as non-nilable.
+        # Ensures that an attribute defined in the block DSL cannot have a `nil` value. This validation is enforced
+        # during initialization and when modifying the attribute value at runtime. Use `non_nilable` for attributes that
+        # must always have a value.
+        #
+        # @example Preventing `nil` values for an attribute
+        #   class Ninja
+        #     include Domainic::Attributer
+        #
+        #     argument :code_name do
+        #       non_nilable
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   Ninja.new(nil)  # Raises ArgumentError: nil value is not allowed
+        #
+        # @example Combining `non_nilable` with other features
+        #   class Ninja
+        #     include Domainic::Attributer
+        #
+        #     argument :rank do
+        #       desc 'The rank of the ninja, such as Genin or Chunin'
+        #       non_nilable
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   ninja = Ninja.new('Genin') # => Works
+        #   ninja.rank = nil # Raises ArgumentError: nil value is not allowed
         #
         # @return [self] the builder for method chaining
         # @rbs () -> self
@@ -110,10 +269,63 @@ module Domainic
         alias not_null non_nilable
         alias not_nullable non_nilable
 
-        # Configure change callback.
+        # Allows defining a callback to be triggered whenever the attribute's value changes. The callback receives the
+        # old value and the new value as arguments, enabling custom logic to be executed on changes. Use `on_change` to
+        # react to changes in attribute values, such as updating dependent attributes or triggering side effects.
+        #
+        # @example Reacting to changes in an attribute
+        #   class VideoGame
+        #     include Domainic::Attributer
+        #
+        #     option :health do
+        #       default 100
+        #       on_change ->(old_value, new_value) {
+        #         puts "Health changed from #{old_value} to #{new_value}"
+        #       }
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   game = VideoGame.new
+        #   game.health = 50  # Outputs: Health changed from 100 to 50
+        #
+        # @example Performing complex logic on change
+        #   class VideoGame
+        #     include Domainic::Attributer
+        #
+        #     option :power_ups do
+        #       default []
+        #       on_change do |old_value, new_value|
+        #         new_items = new_value - old_value
+        #         lost_items = old_value - new_value
+        #
+        #         new_items.each { |item| activate_power_up(item) }
+        #         lost_items.each { |item| deactivate_power_up(item) }
+        #       end
+        #     end
+        #
+        #     private
+        #
+        #     def activate_power_up(item)
+        #       puts "Activated power-up: #{item}"
+        #     end
+        #
+        #     def deactivate_power_up(item)
+        #       puts "Deactivated power-up: #{item}"
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   game = VideoGame.new
+        #   game.power_ups = ['Shield', 'Speed Boost']
+        #   # Outputs: Activated power-up: Shield
+        #   #          Activated power-up: Speed Boost
+        #   game.power_ups = ['Shield']
+        #   # Outputs: Deactivated power-up: Speed Boost
         #
         # @param proc [Proc, nil] optional callback handler
         # @yield optional callback block
+        # @yieldparam old_value [Object] the previous value of the attribute
+        # @yieldparam new_value [Object] the new value of the attribute
+        # @yieldreturn [void]
         #
         # @return [self] the builder for method chaining
         # @rbs (?Attribute::Callback::handler? proc) ?{ (untyped old_value, untyped new_value) -> void } -> self
@@ -123,7 +335,22 @@ module Domainic
           self
         end
 
-        # Set private visibility for both read and write.
+        # Sets both the read and write visibility of an attribute to private. This ensures the attribute can only be
+        # accessed or modified within the class itself.
+        #
+        # @example Making an attribute private
+        #   class SecretAgent
+        #     include Domainic::Attributer
+        #
+        #     option :real_name do
+        #       desc 'The real name of the agent, hidden from external access.'
+        #       private
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   agent = SecretAgent.new(real_name: 'James Bond')
+        #   agent.real_name  # Raises NoMethodError: private method `real_name' called for #<SecretAgent>
+        #   agent.real_name = 'John Doe'  # Raises NoMethodError: private method `real_name=' called for #<SecretAgent>
         #
         # @return [self] the builder for method chaining
         # @rbs () -> self
@@ -132,7 +359,30 @@ module Domainic
           private_write
         end
 
-        # Set private visibility for read.
+        # Sets the read visibility of an attribute to private, allowing the attribute to be read only within the class
+        # itself. The write visibility remains unchanged unless explicitly modified. Use `private_read` when the value
+        # of an attribute should be hidden from external consumers but writable by external code if needed.
+        #
+        # @example Making the reader private
+        #   class SecretAgent
+        #     include Domainic::Attributer
+        #
+        #     option :mission_code do
+        #       desc 'The secret mission code, readable only within the class.'
+        #       private_read
+        #       default { generate_code }
+        #     end
+        #
+        #     private
+        #
+        #     def generate_code
+        #       "M-#{rand(1000..9999)}"
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   agent = SecretAgent.new
+        #   agent.mission_code  # Raises NoMethodError: private method `mission_code' called for #<SecretAgent>
+        #   agent.mission_code = 'Override Code'  # Works, as write visibility is still public
         #
         # @return [self] the builder for method chaining
         # @rbs () -> self
@@ -141,7 +391,31 @@ module Domainic
           self
         end
 
-        # Set private visibility for write.
+        # Sets the write visibility of an attribute to private, allowing the attribute to be modified only within the
+        # class. The read visibility remains unchanged unless explicitly modified. Use `private_write` to ensure that an
+        # attribute's value can only be updated internally, while still allowing external code to read its value if
+        # needed.
+        #
+        # @example Making the writer private
+        #   class SecretAgent
+        #     include Domainic::Attributer
+        #
+        #     option :mission_code do
+        #       desc 'The secret mission code, writable only within the class.'
+        #       private_write
+        #       default { generate_code }
+        #     end
+        #
+        #     private
+        #
+        #     def generate_code
+        #       "M-#{rand(1000..9999)}"
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   agent = SecretAgent.new
+        #   agent.mission_code          # => "M-1234"
+        #   agent.mission_code = '007'  # Raises NoMethodError: private method `mission_code=' called for #<SecretAgent>
         #
         # @return [self] the builder for method chaining
         # @rbs () -> self
@@ -150,7 +424,29 @@ module Domainic
           self
         end
 
-        # Set protected visibility for both read and write.
+        # Sets both the read and write visibility of an attribute to protected, allowing access only within the class
+        # and its subclasses. This visibility restricts external access entirely. Use `protected` to share attributes
+        # within a class hierarchy while keeping them hidden from external consumers.
+        #
+        # @example Defining a protected attribute
+        #   class SecretAgent
+        #     include Domainic::Attributer
+        #
+        #     option :mission_code do
+        #       protected
+        #       description 'The mission code, accessible only within the class and its subclasses.'
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   class DoubleAgent < SecretAgent
+        #     def reveal_code
+        #       self.mission_code
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   agent = SecretAgent.new(mission_code: '007')
+        #   agent.mission_code          # Raises NoMethodError
+        #   DoubleAgent.new.reveal_code # => '007'
         #
         # @return [self] the builder for method chaining
         # @rbs () -> self
@@ -159,7 +455,29 @@ module Domainic
           protected_write
         end
 
-        # Set protected visibility for read.
+        # Sets both the read and write visibility of an attribute to protected. This allows the attribute to be accessed
+        # or modified only within the class and its subclasses. Use `protected` for attributes that should be accessible
+        # to the class and its subclasses but hidden from external consumers.
+        #
+        # @example Making an attribute protected
+        #   class SecretAgent
+        #     include Domainic::Attributer
+        #
+        #     option :mission_code do
+        #       desc 'The mission code, accessible only within the class or subclasses.'
+        #       protected
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   class DoubleAgent < SecretAgent
+        #     def reveal_code
+        #       self.mission_code
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   agent = SecretAgent.new(mission_code: '007')
+        #   agent.mission_code          # Raises NoMethodError
+        #   DoubleAgent.new.reveal_code # => '007'
         #
         # @return [self] the builder for method chaining
         # @rbs () -> self
@@ -168,7 +486,29 @@ module Domainic
           self
         end
 
-        # Set protected visibility for write.
+        # Sets both the read and write visibility of an attribute to protected. This allows the attribute to be accessed
+        # or modified only within the class and its subclasses. Use `protected` for attributes that should be accessible
+        # to the class and its subclasses but hidden from external consumers.
+        #
+        # @example Making an attribute protected
+        #   class SecretAgent
+        #     include Domainic::Attributer
+        #
+        #     option :mission_code do
+        #       desc 'The mission code, accessible only within the class or subclasses.'
+        #       protected
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   class DoubleAgent < SecretAgent
+        #     def reveal_code
+        #       self.mission_code
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   agent = SecretAgent.new(mission_code: '007')
+        #   agent.mission_code          # Raises NoMethodError
+        #   DoubleAgent.new.reveal_code # => '007'
         #
         # @return [self] the builder for method chaining
         # @rbs () -> self
@@ -177,7 +517,32 @@ module Domainic
           self
         end
 
-        # Set public visibility for both read and write.
+        # Explicitly sets both the read and write visibility of an attribute to public, overriding any inherited or
+        # previously set visibility. By default, attributes are public, so this is typically used to revert an
+        # attribute's visibility if it was changed in a parent class or module.
+        #
+        # @note Attributes are public by default. Use `public` explicitly to override inherited or modified visibility.
+        #
+        # @example Reverting visibility to public in a subclass
+        #   class SecretAgent
+        #     include Domainic::Attributer
+        #
+        #     option :mission_code do
+        #       desc 'The mission code, protected in the base class.'
+        #       private
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   class FieldAgent < SecretAgent
+        #     option :mission_code do
+        #       desc 'The mission code, made public in the subclass.'
+        #       public
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   agent = FieldAgent.new(mission_code: '007')
+        #   agent.mission_code          # => '007' (now accessible)
+        #   agent.mission_code = '008'  # Works, as visibility is public in the subclass
         #
         # @return [self] the builder for method chaining
         # @rbs () -> self
@@ -186,7 +551,33 @@ module Domainic
           public_write
         end
 
-        # Set public visibility for read.
+        # Explicitly sets the read visibility of an attribute to public, overriding any inherited or previously set
+        # visibility. By default, attributes are readable publicly, so this is typically used to revert the read
+        # visibility of an attribute if it was modified in a parent class or module.
+        #
+        # @note Attributes are publicly readable by default. Use `public_read` explicitly to override inherited or
+        #   modified visibility.
+        #
+        # @example Reverting read visibility to public in a subclass
+        #   class SecretAgent
+        #     include Domainic::Attributer
+        #
+        #     option :mission_code do
+        #       desc 'The mission code, privately readable in the base class.'
+        #       private_read
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   class FieldAgent < SecretAgent
+        #     option :mission_code do
+        #       desc 'The mission code, made publicly readable in the subclass.'
+        #       public_read
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   agent = FieldAgent.new(mission_code: '007')
+        #   agent.mission_code          # => '007' (now publicly readable)
+        #   agent.mission_code = '008'  # Raises NoMethodError, as write visibility is still private
         #
         # @return [self] the builder for method chaining
         # @rbs () -> self
@@ -195,7 +586,33 @@ module Domainic
           self
         end
 
-        # Set public visibility for write.
+        # Explicitly sets the write visibility of an attribute to public, overriding any inherited or previously set
+        # visibility. By default, attributes are writable publicly, so this is typically used to revert the write
+        # visibility of an attribute if it was modified in a parent class or module.
+        #
+        # @note Attributes are publicly writable by default. Use `public_write` explicitly to override inherited or
+        #   modified visibility.
+        #
+        # @example Reverting write visibility to public in a subclass
+        #   class SecretAgent
+        #     include Domainic::Attributer
+        #
+        #     option :mission_code do
+        #       desc 'The mission code, writable only within the class or subclasses in the base class.'
+        #       private_write
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   class FieldAgent < SecretAgent
+        #     option :mission_code do
+        #       desc 'The mission code, now writable publicly in the subclass.'
+        #       public_write
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   agent = FieldAgent.new(mission_code: '007')
+        #   agent.mission_code          # Raises NoMethodError, as read visibility remains restricted
+        #   agent.mission_code = '008'  # Works, as write visibility is now public
         #
         # @return [self] the builder for method chaining
         # @rbs () -> self
@@ -204,7 +621,26 @@ module Domainic
           self
         end
 
-        # Mark attribute as required.
+        # Marks an {ClassMethods#option option} attribute as required, ensuring that a value must be provided during
+        # initialization. If a required attribute is not supplied, an error is raised. Use `required` to enforce
+        # mandatory attributes.
+        #
+        # @note required options are enforced during initialization; as long as the option is provided
+        #   (even if it is `nil`) no error will be raised.
+        #
+        # @example Defining a required attribute
+        #   class Superhero
+        #     include Domainic::Attributer
+        #
+        #     option :name do
+        #       desc 'The name of the superhero, which must be provided.'
+        #       required
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   Superhero.new          # Raises ArgumentError: missing required attribute: name
+        #   Superhero.new(name: 'Spiderman') # Works, as the required attribute is supplied
+        #   Superhero.new(name: nil) # Works, as the required attribute is supplied (even if it is nil)
         #
         # @return [self] the builder for method chaining
         # @rbs () -> self
@@ -213,10 +649,63 @@ module Domainic
           self
         end
 
-        # Configure value validation.
+        # Adds a custom validation to an attribute, allowing you to define specific criteria that the attribute's value
+        # must meet. Validators can be Procs, lambdas, or symbols referencing instance methods. Validation occurs during
+        # initialization and whenever the attribute value is updated. Use `validate_with` to enforce rules beyond type
+        # or presence, such as ranges, formats, or custom logic.
+        #
+        # @example Adding a simple validation
+        #   class Superhero
+        #     include Domainic::Attributer
+        #
+        #     argument :power_level do
+        #       desc 'The power level of the superhero, which must be an integer between 0 and 100.'
+        #       validate_with ->(val) { val.is_a?(Integer) && val.between?(0, 100) }
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   Superhero.new(150)      # Raises ArgumentError: invalid value for power_level
+        #   Superhero.new(85)       # Works, as 85 is within the valid range
+        #
+        # @example Using an instance method as a validator
+        #   class Superhero
+        #     include Domainic::Attributer
+        #
+        #     argument :alias_name do
+        #       desc 'The alias name of the superhero, validated using an instance method.'
+        #       validate_with :validate_alias_name
+        #     end
+        #
+        #     private
+        #
+        #     def validate_alias_name(value)
+        #       value.is_a?(String) && value.match?(/\A[A-Z][a-z]+\z/)
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   Superhero.new('Spiderman')  # Works, as the alias name matches the validation criteria
+        #   Superhero.new('spiderman')  # Raises ArgumentError: invalid value for alias_name
+        #
+        # @example Combining multiple validators
+        #   class Vehicle
+        #     include Domainic::Attributer
+        #
+        #     option :speed do
+        #       desc 'The speed of the vehicle, which must be a non-negative number.'
+        #       validate_with ->(val) { val.is_a?(Numeric) }
+        #       validate_with do |val|
+        #         val.zero? || val.positive?
+        #       end
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   Vehicle.new(speed: -10)  # Raises ArgumentError: invalid value for speed
+        #   Vehicle.new(speed: 50)   # Works, as 50 meets all validation criteria
         #
         # @param object_or_proc [Object, Proc, nil] optional validation handler
         # @yield optional validation block
+        # @yieldparam value [Object] the value to validate
+        # @yieldreturn [Boolean] `true` if the value is valid, `false` otherwise
         #
         # @return [self] the builder for method chaining
         # @rbs (?Attribute::Validator::handler? object_or_proc) ?{ (untyped value) -> boolish } -> self