dmarkov-right_aws 1.10.0

data/lib/awsbase/support.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+# If ActiveSupport is loaded, then great - use it.  But we don't 
+# want a dependency on it, so if it's not present, define the few
+# extensions that we want to use...
+unless defined? ActiveSupport::CoreExtensions
+  # These are ActiveSupport-;like extensions to do a few handy things in the gems
+  # Derived from ActiveSupport, so the AS copyright notice applies:
+  #
+  #
+  #
+  # Copyright (c) 2005 David Heinemeier Hansson
+  #
+  # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+  # a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+  # "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+  # without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+  # distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+  # permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+  # the following conditions:
+  #
+  # The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+  # included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+  #
+  # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+  # EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+  # MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+  # NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+  # LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+  # OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+  # WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+  #++
+  #
+  #
+  class String #:nodoc:
+
+    # Constantize tries to find a declared constant with the name specified
+    # in the string. It raises a NameError when the name is not in CamelCase
+    # or is not initialized.
+    #
+    # Examples
+    #   "Module".constantize #=> Module
+    #   "Class".constantize #=> Class
+    def constantize()
+      unless /\A(?:::)?([A-Z]\w*(?:::[A-Z]\w*)*)\z/ =~ self
+        raise NameError, "#{self.inspect} is not a valid constant name!"
+      end
+
+      Object.module_eval("::#{$1}", __FILE__, __LINE__)
+    end
+
+  end
+
+
+  class Object #:nodoc:
+    # "", "   ", nil, [], and {} are blank
+    def blank?
+      if respond_to?(:empty?) && respond_to?(:strip)
+        empty? or strip.empty?
+      elsif respond_to?(:empty?)
+        empty?
+      else
+        !self
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  class NilClass #:nodoc:
+    def blank?
+      true
+    end
+  end
+
+  class FalseClass #:nodoc:
+    def blank?
+      true
+    end
+  end
+
+  class TrueClass #:nodoc:
+    def blank?
+      false
+    end
+  end
+
+  class Array #:nodoc:
+    alias_method :blank?, :empty?
+  end
+
+  class Hash #:nodoc:
+    alias_method :blank?, :empty?
+    
+    # Return a new hash with all keys converted to symbols.
+    def symbolize_keys
+      inject({}) do |options, (key, value)|
+        options[key.to_sym] = value
+        options
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  class String #:nodoc:
+    def blank?
+      empty? || strip.empty?
+    end
+  end
+
+  class Numeric #:nodoc:
+    def blank?
+      false
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/ec2/right_ec2.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1737 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007-2008 RightScale Inc
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+# a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+# "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+# distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+# permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+# the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+# included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+# NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+# LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+# OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+# WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+#
+
+module RightAws
+
+  # = RightAWS::EC2 -- RightScale Amazon EC2 interface
+  # The RightAws::EC2 class provides a complete interface to Amazon's
+  # Elastic Compute Cloud service, as well as the associated EBS (Elastic Block
+  # Store).
+  # For explanations of the semantics
+  # of each call, please refer to Amazon's documentation at
+  # http://developer.amazonwebservices.com/connect/kbcategory.jspa?categoryID=87
+  #
+  # Examples:
+  #
+  # Create an EC2 interface handle:
+  #   
+  #   @ec2   = RightAws::Ec2.new(aws_access_key_id,
+  #                               aws_secret_access_key)
+  # Create a new SSH key pair:
+  #  @key   = 'right_ec2_awesome_test_key'
+  #  new_key = @ec2.create_key_pair(@key)
+  #  keys = @ec2.describe_key_pairs
+  #
+  # Create a security group:
+  #  @group = 'right_ec2_awesome_test_security_group'
+  #  @ec2.create_security_group(@group,'My awesome test group')
+  #  group = @ec2.describe_security_groups([@group])[0]
+  #
+  # Configure a security group:
+  #  @ec2.authorize_security_group_named_ingress(@group, account_number, 'default')
+  #  @ec2.authorize_security_group_IP_ingress(@group, 80,80,'udp','192.168.1.0/8')
+  #
+  # Describe the available images:
+  #  images = @ec2.describe_images
+  #
+  # Launch an instance:
+  #  ec2.run_instances('ami-9a9e7bf3', 1, 1, ['default'], @key, 'SomeImportantUserData', 'public')
+  # 
+  #
+  # Describe running instances:
+  #  @ec2.describe_instances
+  #
+  # Error handling: all operations raise an RightAws::AwsError in case
+  # of problems. Note that transient errors are automatically retried.
+    
+  class Ec2 < RightAwsBase
+    include RightAwsBaseInterface
+    
+    # Amazon EC2 API version being used
+    API_VERSION       = "2008-12-01"
+    DEFAULT_HOST      = "ec2.amazonaws.com"
+    DEFAULT_PATH      = '/'
+    DEFAULT_PROTOCOL  = 'https'
+    DEFAULT_PORT      = 443
+    
+    # Default addressing type (public=NAT, direct=no-NAT) used when launching instances.
+    DEFAULT_ADDRESSING_TYPE =  'public'
+    DNS_ADDRESSING_SET      = ['public','direct']
+    
+    # Amazon EC2 Instance Types : http://www.amazon.com/b?ie=UTF8&node=370375011
+    # Default EC2 instance type (platform) 
+    DEFAULT_INSTANCE_TYPE   =  'm1.small' 
+    INSTANCE_TYPES          = ['m1.small','c1.medium','m1.large','m1.xlarge','c1.xlarge']
+    
+    @@bench = AwsBenchmarkingBlock.new
+    def self.bench_xml
+      @@bench.xml
+    end
+    def self.bench_ec2
+      @@bench.service
+    end
+    
+     # Current API version (sometimes we have to check it outside the GEM).
+    @@api = ENV['EC2_API_VERSION'] || API_VERSION
+    def self.api 
+      @@api
+    end
+    
+    # Create a new handle to an EC2 account. All handles share the same per process or per thread
+    # HTTP connection to Amazon EC2. Each handle is for a specific account. The params have the
+    # following options:
+    # * <tt>:endpoint_url</tt> a fully qualified url to Amazon API endpoint (this overwrites: :server, :port, :service, :protocol and :region). Example: 'https://eu-west-1.ec2.amazonaws.com/'
+    # * <tt>:server</tt>: EC2 service host, default: DEFAULT_HOST
+    # * <tt>:region</tt>: EC2 region (North America by default)
+    # * <tt>:port</tt>: EC2 service port, default: DEFAULT_PORT
+    # * <tt>:protocol</tt>: 'http' or 'https', default: DEFAULT_PROTOCOL
+    # * <tt>:multi_thread</tt>: true=HTTP connection per thread, false=per process
+    # * <tt>:logger</tt>: for log messages, default: RAILS_DEFAULT_LOGGER else STDOUT
+    # * <tt>:signature_version</tt>:  The signature version : '0' or '1'(default)
+    # * <tt>:cache</tt>: true/false: caching for: ec2_describe_images, describe_instances,
+    # describe_images_by_owner, describe_images_by_executable_by, describe_availability_zones,
+    # describe_security_groups, describe_key_pairs, describe_addresses, 
+    # describe_volumes, describe_snapshots methods, default: false.
+    #
+    def initialize(aws_access_key_id=nil, aws_secret_access_key=nil, params={})
+      init({ :name             => 'EC2', 
+             :default_host     => ENV['EC2_URL'] ? URI.parse(ENV['EC2_URL']).host   : DEFAULT_HOST, 
+             :default_port     => ENV['EC2_URL'] ? URI.parse(ENV['EC2_URL']).port   : DEFAULT_PORT,
+             :default_service  => ENV['EC2_URL'] ? URI.parse(ENV['EC2_URL']).path   : DEFAULT_PATH,             
+             :default_protocol => ENV['EC2_URL'] ? URI.parse(ENV['EC2_URL']).scheme : DEFAULT_PROTOCOL }, 
+           aws_access_key_id    || ENV['AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID'] , 
+           aws_secret_access_key|| ENV['AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY'],
+           params)
+      # EC2 doesn't really define any transient errors to retry, and in fact,
+      # when they return a 503 it is usually for 'request limit exceeded' which
+      # we most certainly should not retry.  So let's pare down the list of
+      # retryable errors to InternalError only (see RightAwsBase for the default
+      # list)
+      amazon_problems = ['InternalError']
+    end
+
+
+    def generate_request(action, params={}) #:nodoc:
+      service_hash = {"Action"         => action,
+                      "AWSAccessKeyId" => @aws_access_key_id,
+                      "Version"        => @@api }
+      service_hash.update(params)
+      service_params = signed_service_params(@aws_secret_access_key, service_hash, :get, @params[:server], @params[:service])
+      
+      # use POST method if the length of the query string is too large
+      if service_params.size > 2000
+        if signature_version == '2'
+          # resign the request because HTTP verb is included into signature
+          service_params = signed_service_params(@aws_secret_access_key, service_hash, :post, @params[:server], @params[:service])
+        end
+        request      = Net::HTTP::Post.new(service)
+        request.body = service_params
+        request['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
+      else
+        request        = Net::HTTP::Get.new("#{@params[:service]}?#{service_params}")
+      end
+        # prepare output hash
+      { :request  => request, 
+        :server   => @params[:server],
+        :port     => @params[:port],
+        :protocol => @params[:protocol] }
+    end
+
+      # Sends request to Amazon and parses the response
+      # Raises AwsError if any banana happened
+    def request_info(request, parser)  #:nodoc:
+      thread = @params[:multi_thread] ? Thread.current : Thread.main
+      thread[:ec2_connection] ||= Rightscale::HttpConnection.new(:exception => AwsError, :logger => @logger)
+      request_info_impl(thread[:ec2_connection], @@bench, request, parser)
+    end
+
+    def hash_params(prefix, list) #:nodoc:
+      groups = {}
+      list.each_index{|i| groups.update("#{prefix}.#{i+1}"=>list[i])} if list
+      return groups
+    end
+
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+  #      Images
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    # params: 
+    #   { 'ImageId'      => ['id1', ..., 'idN'],
+    #     'Owner'        => ['self', ..., 'userN'],
+    #     'ExecutableBy' => ['self', 'all', ..., 'userN']
+    #   } 
+    def ec2_describe_images(params={}, image_type=nil, cache_for=nil) #:nodoc:
+      request_hash = {}
+      params.each do |list_by, list|
+        request_hash.merge! hash_params(list_by, list.to_a)
+      end
+      request_hash['ImageType'] = image_type if image_type
+      link = generate_request("DescribeImages", request_hash)
+      request_cache_or_info cache_for, link,  QEc2DescribeImagesParser, @@bench, cache_for
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+
+      # Retrieve a list of images. Returns array of hashes describing the images or an exception:
+      # +image_type+ = 'machine' || 'kernel' || 'ramdisk' 
+      # 
+      #  ec2.describe_images #=>
+      #    [{:aws_owner => "522821470517",
+      #      :aws_id => "ami-e4b6538d",
+      #      :aws_state => "available",
+      #      :aws_location => "marcins_cool_public_images/ubuntu-6.10.manifest.xml",
+      #      :aws_is_public => true,
+      #      :aws_architecture => "i386",
+      #      :aws_image_type => "machine"},
+      #     {...},
+      #     {...} ]
+      #
+      # If +list+ param is set, then retrieve information about the listed images only:
+      #
+      #  ec2.describe_images(['ami-e4b6538d']) #=>
+      #    [{:aws_owner => "522821470517",
+      #      :aws_id => "ami-e4b6538d",
+      #      :aws_state => "available",
+      #      :aws_location => "marcins_cool_public_images/ubuntu-6.10.manifest.xml",
+      #      :aws_is_public => true,
+      #      :aws_architecture => "i386",
+      #      :aws_image_type => "machine"}]
+      #
+    def describe_images(list=[], image_type=nil)
+      list = list.to_a
+      cache_for = list.empty? && !image_type ? :describe_images : nil
+      ec2_describe_images({ 'ImageId' => list }, image_type, cache_for)
+    end
+
+      #
+      #  Example:
+      #
+      #   ec2.describe_images_by_owner('522821470517')
+      #   ec2.describe_images_by_owner('self')
+      #
+    def describe_images_by_owner(list=['self'], image_type=nil)
+      list = list.to_a
+      cache_for = list==['self'] && !image_type ? :describe_images_by_owner : nil
+      ec2_describe_images({ 'Owner' => list }, image_type, cache_for)
+    end
+
+      #
+      #  Example:
+      #
+      #   ec2.describe_images_by_executable_by('522821470517')
+      #   ec2.describe_images_by_executable_by('self')
+      #   ec2.describe_images_by_executable_by('all')
+      #
+    def describe_images_by_executable_by(list=['self'], image_type=nil)
+      list = list.to_a
+      cache_for = list==['self'] && !image_type ? :describe_images_by_executable_by : nil
+      ec2_describe_images({ 'ExecutableBy' => list }, image_type, cache_for)
+    end
+
+
+      # Register new image at Amazon. 
+      # Returns new image id or an exception.
+      #
+      #  ec2.register_image('bucket/key/manifest') #=> 'ami-e444444d'
+      #
+    def register_image(image_location)
+      link = generate_request("RegisterImage", 
+                              'ImageLocation' => image_location.to_s)
+      request_info(link, QEc2RegisterImageParser.new(:logger => @logger))
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+    
+      # Deregister image at Amazon. Returns +true+ or an exception.
+      #
+      #  ec2.deregister_image('ami-e444444d') #=> true
+      #
+    def deregister_image(image_id)
+      link = generate_request("DeregisterImage", 
+                              'ImageId' => image_id.to_s)
+      request_info(link, RightBoolResponseParser.new(:logger => @logger))
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+
+
+      # Describe image attributes. Currently 'launchPermission', 'productCodes', 'kernel', 'ramdisk' and 'blockDeviceMapping'  are supported.
+      #
+      #  ec2.describe_image_attribute('ami-e444444d') #=> {:groups=>["all"], :users=>["000000000777"]}
+      #
+    def describe_image_attribute(image_id, attribute='launchPermission')
+      link = generate_request("DescribeImageAttribute", 
+                              'ImageId'   => image_id,
+                              'Attribute' => attribute)
+      request_info(link, QEc2DescribeImageAttributeParser.new(:logger => @logger))
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+    
+      # Reset image attribute. Currently, only 'launchPermission' is supported. Returns +true+ or an exception.
+      #
+      #  ec2.reset_image_attribute('ami-e444444d') #=> true
+      #
+    def reset_image_attribute(image_id, attribute='launchPermission')
+      link = generate_request("ResetImageAttribute", 
+                              'ImageId'   => image_id,
+                              'Attribute' => attribute)
+      request_info(link, RightBoolResponseParser.new(:logger => @logger))
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+
+      # Modify an image's attributes. It is recommended that you use
+      # modify_image_launch_perm_add_users, modify_image_launch_perm_remove_users, etc.
+      # instead of modify_image_attribute because the signature of 
+      # modify_image_attribute may change with EC2 service changes.
+      #
+      #  attribute      : currently, only 'launchPermission' is supported.
+      #  operation_type : currently, only 'add' & 'remove' are supported.
+      #  vars: 
+      #    :user_group  : currently, only 'all' is supported.  
+      #    :user_id
+      #    :product_code
+    def modify_image_attribute(image_id, attribute, operation_type = nil, vars = {})
+      params =  {'ImageId'   => image_id,
+                 'Attribute' => attribute}
+      params['OperationType'] = operation_type if operation_type
+      params.update(hash_params('UserId',      vars[:user_id].to_a))    if vars[:user_id]
+      params.update(hash_params('UserGroup',   vars[:user_group].to_a)) if vars[:user_group]
+      params.update(hash_params('ProductCode', vars[:product_code]))    if vars[:product_code]
+      link = generate_request("ModifyImageAttribute", params)
+      request_info(link, RightBoolResponseParser.new(:logger => @logger))
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+
+      # Grant image launch permissions to users.
+      # Parameter +userId+ is a list of user AWS account ids.
+      # Returns +true+ or an exception.
+      #
+      #  ec2.modify_image_launch_perm_add_users('ami-e444444d',['000000000777','000000000778']) #=> true
+    def modify_image_launch_perm_add_users(image_id, user_id=[])
+      modify_image_attribute(image_id, 'launchPermission', 'add', :user_id => user_id.to_a)
+    end
+
+      # Revokes image launch permissions for users. +userId+ is a list of users AWS accounts ids. Returns +true+ or an exception.
+      #
+      #  ec2.modify_image_launch_perm_remove_users('ami-e444444d',['000000000777','000000000778']) #=> true
+      #
+    def modify_image_launch_perm_remove_users(image_id, user_id=[])
+      modify_image_attribute(image_id, 'launchPermission', 'remove', :user_id => user_id.to_a)
+    end
+
+      # Add image launch permissions for users groups (currently only 'all' is supported, which gives public launch permissions). 
+      # Returns +true+ or an exception.
+      #
+      #  ec2.modify_image_launch_perm_add_groups('ami-e444444d') #=> true
+      #
+    def modify_image_launch_perm_add_groups(image_id, user_group=['all'])
+      modify_image_attribute(image_id, 'launchPermission', 'add', :user_group => user_group.to_a)
+    end
+    
+      # Remove image launch permissions for users groups (currently only 'all' is supported, which gives public launch permissions). 
+      #
+      #  ec2.modify_image_launch_perm_remove_groups('ami-e444444d') #=> true
+      #
+    def modify_image_launch_perm_remove_groups(image_id, user_group=['all'])
+      modify_image_attribute(image_id, 'launchPermission', 'remove', :user_group => user_group.to_a)
+    end
+    
+      # Add product code to image
+      #
+      #  ec2.modify_image_product_code('ami-e444444d','0ABCDEF') #=> true
+      #
+    def modify_image_product_code(image_id, product_code=[])
+      modify_image_attribute(image_id, 'productCodes', nil, :product_code => product_code.to_a)
+    end
+
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+  #      Instances
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+    
+    def get_desc_instances(instances)  # :nodoc:
+      result = []
+      instances.each do |reservation|
+        reservation[:instances_set].each do |instance|
+          # Parse and remove timestamp from the reason string. The timestamp is of
+          # the request, not when EC2 took action, thus confusing & useless...
+          instance[:aws_reason]         = instance[:aws_reason].sub(/\(\d[^)]*GMT\) */, '')
+          instance[:aws_owner]          = reservation[:aws_owner]
+          instance[:aws_reservation_id] = reservation[:aws_reservation_id]
+          instance[:aws_groups]         = reservation[:aws_groups]
+          result << instance
+        end
+      end
+      result
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+    
+      # Retrieve information about EC2 instances. If +list+ is omitted then returns the
+      # list of all instances.
+      #
+      #  ec2.describe_instances #=> 
+      #    [{:aws_image_id       => "ami-e444444d",
+      #      :aws_reason         => "",
+      #      :aws_state_code     => "16",
+      #      :aws_owner          => "000000000888",
+      #      :aws_instance_id    => "i-123f1234",
+      #      :aws_reservation_id => "r-aabbccdd",
+      #      :aws_state          => "running",
+      #      :dns_name           => "domU-12-34-67-89-01-C9.usma2.compute.amazonaws.com",
+      #      :ssh_key_name       => "staging",
+      #      :aws_groups         => ["default"],
+      #      :private_dns_name   => "domU-12-34-67-89-01-C9.usma2.compute.amazonaws.com",
+      #      :aws_instance_type  => "m1.small",
+      #      :aws_launch_time    => "2008-1-1T00:00:00.000Z"},
+      #      :aws_availability_zone => "us-east-1b",
+      #      :aws_kernel_id      => "aki-ba3adfd3",
+      #      :aws_ramdisk_id     => "ari-badbad00",
+      #       ..., {...}]
+      #
+    def describe_instances(list=[])
+      link = generate_request("DescribeInstances", hash_params('InstanceId',list.to_a))
+      request_cache_or_info(:describe_instances, link,  QEc2DescribeInstancesParser, @@bench, list.blank?) do |parser|
+        get_desc_instances(parser.result)
+      end
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+    
+      # Return the product code attached to instance or +nil+ otherwise.
+      #
+      #  ec2.confirm_product_instance('ami-e444444d','12345678') #=> nil
+      #  ec2.confirm_product_instance('ami-e444444d','00001111') #=> "000000000888"
+      #
+    def confirm_product_instance(instance, product_code)
+      link = generate_request("ConfirmProductInstance", { 'ProductCode' => product_code,
+                                'InstanceId'  => instance })
+      request_info(link, QEc2ConfirmProductInstanceParser.new(:logger => @logger))
+    end
+    
+      # Launch new EC2 instances. Returns a list of launched instances or an exception.
+      #
+      #  ec2.run_instances('ami-e444444d',1,1,['my_awesome_group'],'my_awesome_key', 'Woohoo!!!', 'public') #=>
+      #   [{:aws_image_id       => "ami-e444444d",
+      #     :aws_reason         => "",
+      #     :aws_state_code     => "0",
+      #     :aws_owner          => "000000000888",
+      #     :aws_instance_id    => "i-123f1234",
+      #     :aws_reservation_id => "r-aabbccdd",
+      #     :aws_state          => "pending",
+      #     :dns_name           => "",
+      #     :ssh_key_name       => "my_awesome_key",
+      #     :aws_groups         => ["my_awesome_group"],
+      #     :private_dns_name   => "",
+      #     :aws_instance_type  => "m1.small",
+      #     :aws_launch_time    => "2008-1-1T00:00:00.000Z"
+      #     :aws_ramdisk_id     => "ari-8605e0ef"
+      #     :aws_kernel_id      => "aki-9905e0f0",
+      #     :ami_launch_index   => "0",
+      #     :aws_availability_zone => "us-east-1b"
+      #     }]
+      #
+    def run_instances(image_id, min_count, max_count, group_ids, key_name, user_data='',  
+                      addressing_type = nil, instance_type = nil,
+                      kernel_id = nil, ramdisk_id = nil, availability_zone = nil, 
+                      block_device_mappings = nil) 
+ 	    launch_instances(image_id, { :min_count       => min_count, 
+ 	                                 :max_count       => max_count, 
+ 	                                 :user_data       => user_data, 
+                                   :group_ids       => group_ids, 
+                                   :key_name        => key_name, 
+                                   :instance_type   => instance_type, 
+                                   :addressing_type => addressing_type,
+                                   :kernel_id       => kernel_id,
+                                   :ramdisk_id      => ramdisk_id,
+                                   :availability_zone     => availability_zone,
+                                   :block_device_mappings => block_device_mappings
+                                 }) 
+    end
+    
+     
+      # Launch new EC2 instances. Returns a list of launched instances or an exception. 
+      #
+      # +lparams+ keys (default values in parenthesis):
+      #  :min_count              fixnum, (1)
+      #  :max_count              fixnum, (1)
+      #  :group_ids              array or string ([] == 'default')
+      #  :instance_type          string (DEFAULT_INSTACE_TYPE)
+      #  :addressing_type        string (DEFAULT_ADDRESSING_TYPE 
+      #  :key_name               string
+      #  :kernel_id              string
+      #  :ramdisk_id             string 
+      #  :availability_zone      string
+      #  :block_device_mappings  string
+      #  :user_data              string
+      # 
+      #  ec2.launch_instances('ami-e444444d', :group_ids => 'my_awesome_group', 
+      #                                       :user_data => "Woohoo!!!", 
+      #                                       :addressing_type => "public", 
+      #                                       :key_name => "my_awesome_key", 
+      #                                       :availability_zone => "us-east-1c") #=> 
+      #   [{:aws_image_id       => "ami-e444444d", 
+      #     :aws_reason         => "", 
+      #     :aws_state_code     => "0", 
+      #     :aws_owner          => "000000000888", 
+      #     :aws_instance_id    => "i-123f1234", 
+      #     :aws_reservation_id => "r-aabbccdd", 
+      #     :aws_state          => "pending", 
+      #     :dns_name           => "", 
+      #     :ssh_key_name       => "my_awesome_key", 
+      #     :aws_groups         => ["my_awesome_group"], 
+      #     :private_dns_name   => "", 
+      #     :aws_instance_type  => "m1.small",
+      #     :aws_launch_time    => "2008-1-1T00:00:00.000Z",
+      #     :aws_ramdisk_id     => "ari-8605e0ef"
+      #     :aws_kernel_id      => "aki-9905e0f0",
+      #     :ami_launch_index   => "0",
+      #     :aws_availability_zone => "us-east-1c"
+      #     }] 
+      #     
+    def launch_instances(image_id, lparams={}) 
+      @logger.info("Launching instance of image #{image_id} for #{@aws_access_key_id}, " + 
+                   "key: #{lparams[:key_name]}, groups: #{(lparams[:group_ids]).to_a.join(',')}")
+      # careful: keyName and securityGroups may be nil
+      params = hash_params('SecurityGroup', lparams[:group_ids].to_a)
+      params.update( {'ImageId'        => image_id,
+                      'MinCount'       => (lparams[:min_count] || 1).to_s, 
+                      'MaxCount'       => (lparams[:max_count] || 1).to_s, 
+                      'AddressingType' => lparams[:addressing_type] || DEFAULT_ADDRESSING_TYPE, 
+                      'InstanceType'   => lparams[:instance_type]   || DEFAULT_INSTANCE_TYPE })
+      # optional params
+      params['KeyName']                    = lparams[:key_name]              unless lparams[:key_name].blank? 
+      params['KernelId']                   = lparams[:kernel_id]             unless lparams[:kernel_id].blank? 
+      params['RamdiskId']                  = lparams[:ramdisk_id]            unless lparams[:ramdisk_id].blank? 
+      params['Placement.AvailabilityZone'] = lparams[:availability_zone]     unless lparams[:availability_zone].blank? 
+      params['BlockDeviceMappings']        = lparams[:block_device_mappings] unless lparams[:block_device_mappings].blank?
+      unless lparams[:user_data].blank? 
+        lparams[:user_data].strip! 
+          # Do not use CGI::escape(encode64(...)) as it is done in Amazons EC2 library.
+          # Amazon 169.254.169.254 does not like escaped symbols!
+          # And it doesn't like "\n" inside of encoded string! Grrr....
+          # Otherwise, some of UserData symbols will be lost...
+        params['UserData'] = Base64.encode64(lparams[:user_data]).delete("\n").strip unless lparams[:user_data].blank?
+      end
+      link = generate_request("RunInstances", params)
+        #debugger
+      instances = request_info(link, QEc2DescribeInstancesParser.new(:logger => @logger))
+      get_desc_instances(instances)
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+    
+      # Terminates EC2 instances. Returns a list of termination params or an exception.
+      #
+      #  ec2.terminate_instances(['i-f222222d','i-f222222e']) #=>
+      #    [{:aws_shutdown_state      => "shutting-down", 
+      #      :aws_instance_id         => "i-f222222d", 
+      #      :aws_shutdown_state_code => 32, 
+      #      :aws_prev_state          => "running", 
+      #      :aws_prev_state_code     => 16}, 
+      #     {:aws_shutdown_state      => "shutting-down", 
+      #      :aws_instance_id         => "i-f222222e", 
+      #      :aws_shutdown_state_code => 32, 
+      #      :aws_prev_state          => "running", 
+      #      :aws_prev_state_code     => 16}]
+      #
+    def terminate_instances(list=[])
+      link = generate_request("TerminateInstances", hash_params('InstanceId',list.to_a))
+      request_info(link, QEc2TerminateInstancesParser.new(:logger => @logger))
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+
+      # Retreive EC2 instance OS logs. Returns a hash of data or an exception.
+      #
+      #  ec2.get_console_output('i-f222222d') =>
+      #    {:aws_instance_id => 'i-f222222d',
+      #     :aws_timestamp   => "2007-05-23T14:36:07.000-07:00",
+      #     :timestamp       => Wed May 23 21:36:07 UTC 2007,          # Time instance
+      #     :aws_output      => "Linux version 2.6.16-xenU (builder@patchbat.amazonsa) (gcc version 4.0.1 20050727 ..."
+    def get_console_output(instance_id)
+      link = generate_request("GetConsoleOutput", { 'InstanceId.1' => instance_id })
+      request_info(link, QEc2GetConsoleOutputParser.new(:logger => @logger))
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+
+      # Reboot an EC2 instance. Returns +true+ or an exception.
+      #
+      #  ec2.reboot_instances(['i-f222222d','i-f222222e']) #=> true
+      #
+    def reboot_instances(list)
+      link = generate_request("RebootInstances", hash_params('InstanceId', list.to_a))
+      request_info(link, RightBoolResponseParser.new(:logger => @logger))
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+  #      Instances: Windows addons
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+  
+      # Get initial Windows Server setup password from an instance console output.
+      #
+      #  my_awesome_key = ec2.create_key_pair('my_awesome_key') #=>
+      #    {:aws_key_name    => "my_awesome_key",
+      #     :aws_fingerprint => "01:02:03:f4:25:e6:97:e8:9b:02:1a:26:32:4e:58:6b:7a:8c:9f:03",
+      #     :aws_material    => "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\nMIIEpQIBAAK...Q8MDrCbuQ=\n-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"}
+      #
+      #  my_awesome_instance = ec2.run_instances('ami-a000000a',1,1,['my_awesome_group'],'my_awesome_key', 'WindowsInstance!!!') #=>
+      #   [{:aws_image_id       => "ami-a000000a",
+      #     :aws_instance_id    => "i-12345678",
+      #     ...
+      #     :aws_availability_zone => "us-east-1b"
+      #     }]
+      #
+      #  # wait until instance enters 'operational' state and get it's initial password
+      #
+      #  puts ec2.get_initial_password(my_awesome_instance[:aws_instance_id], my_awesome_key[:aws_material]) #=> "MhjWcgZuY6"
+      #
+    def get_initial_password(instance_id, private_key)
+      console_output = get_console_output(instance_id)
+      crypted_password = console_output[:aws_output][%r{<Password>(.+)</Password>}m] && $1
+      unless crypted_password
+        raise AwsError.new("Initial password was not found in console output for #{instance_id}")
+      else
+        OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new(private_key).private_decrypt(Base64.decode64(crypted_password))
+      end
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+
+    # Bundle a Windows image.
+    # Internally, it queues the bundling task and shuts down the instance.
+    # It then takes a snapshot of the Windows volume bundles it, and uploads it to
+    # S3. After bundling completes, Rightaws::Ec2#register_image may be used to
+    # register the new Windows AMI for subsequent launches.
+    #
+    #   ec2.bundle_instance('i-e3e24e8a', 'my-awesome-bucket', 'my-win-image-1') #=>
+    #    [{:aws_update_time => "2008-10-16T13:58:25.000Z",
+    #      :s3_bucket       => "kd-win-1",
+    #      :s3_prefix       => "win2pr",
+    #      :aws_state       => "pending",
+    #      :aws_id          => "bun-26a7424f",
+    #      :aws_instance_id => "i-878a25ee",
+    #      :aws_start_time  => "2008-10-16T13:58:02.000Z"}]
+    #
+    def bundle_instance(instance_id, s3_bucket, s3_prefix, 
+                        s3_owner_aws_access_key_id=nil, s3_owner_aws_secret_access_key=nil,
+                        s3_expires = S3Interface::DEFAULT_EXPIRES_AFTER,
+                        s3_upload_policy='ec2-bundle-read')
+      # S3 access and signatures
+      s3_owner_aws_access_key_id     ||= @aws_access_key_id
+      s3_owner_aws_secret_access_key ||= @aws_secret_access_key
+      s3_expires = Time.now.utc + s3_expires if s3_expires.is_a?(Fixnum) && (s3_expires < S3Interface::ONE_YEAR_IN_SECONDS)
+      # policy
+      policy = { 'expiration' => s3_expires.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ'),
+                 'conditions' => [ { 'bucket' => s3_bucket },
+                                   { 'acl'    => s3_upload_policy },
+                                   [ 'starts-with', '$key', s3_prefix ] ] }.to_json
+      policy64        = Base64.encode64(policy).gsub("\n","")
+      signed_policy64 = AwsUtils.sign(s3_owner_aws_secret_access_key, policy64)
+      # fill request params
+      params = { 'InstanceId'                       => instance_id,
+                 'Storage.S3.AWSAccessKeyId'        => s3_owner_aws_access_key_id,
+                 'Storage.S3.UploadPolicy'          => policy64,
+                 'Storage.S3.UploadPolicySignature' => signed_policy64,
+                 'Storage.S3.Bucket'                => s3_bucket,
+                 'Storage.S3.Prefix'                => s3_prefix,
+                 }
+      link = generate_request("BundleInstance", params)
+      request_info(link, QEc2BundleInstanceParser.new)
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+    
+      # Describe the status of the Windows AMI bundlings.
+      # If +list+ is omitted the returns the whole list of tasks.
+      #
+      #  ec2.describe_bundle_tasks(['bun-4fa74226']) #=>
+      #    [{:s3_bucket         => "my-awesome-bucket"
+      #      :aws_id            => "bun-0fa70206",
+      #      :s3_prefix         => "win1pr",
+      #      :aws_start_time    => "2008-10-14T16:27:57.000Z",
+      #      :aws_update_time   => "2008-10-14T16:37:10.000Z",
+      #      :aws_error_code    => "Client.S3Error",
+      #      :aws_error_message =>
+      #       "AccessDenied(403)- Invalid according to Policy: Policy Condition failed: [\"eq\", \"$acl\", \"aws-exec-read\"]",
+      #      :aws_state         => "failed",
+      #      :aws_instance_id   => "i-e3e24e8a"}]
+      #
+    def describe_bundle_tasks(list=[])
+      link = generate_request("DescribeBundleTasks", hash_params('BundleId', list.to_a))
+      request_info(link, QEc2DescribeBundleTasksParser.new)
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+
+      # Cancel an in‐progress or pending bundle task by id.
+      #
+      #  ec2.cancel_bundle_task('bun-73a7421a') #=>
+      #   [{:s3_bucket         => "my-awesome-bucket"
+      #     :aws_id            => "bun-0fa70206",
+      #     :s3_prefix         => "win02",
+      #     :aws_start_time    => "2008-10-14T13:00:29.000Z",
+      #     :aws_error_message => "User has requested bundling operation cancellation",
+      #     :aws_state         => "failed",
+      #     :aws_update_time   => "2008-10-14T13:01:31.000Z",
+      #     :aws_error_code    => "Client.Cancelled",
+      #     :aws_instance_id   => "i-e3e24e8a"}
+      #
+    def cancel_bundle_task(bundle_id)
+      link = generate_request("CancelBundleTask", { 'BundleId' => bundle_id })
+      request_info(link, QEc2BundleInstanceParser.new)
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+  #      Security groups
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+      # Retrieve Security Group information. If +list+ is omitted the returns the whole list of groups.
+      #
+      #  ec2.describe_security_groups #=>
+      #    [{:aws_group_name  => "default-1",
+      #      :aws_owner       => "000000000888",
+      #      :aws_description => "Default allowing SSH, HTTP, and HTTPS ingress",
+      #      :aws_perms       =>
+      #        [{:owner => "000000000888", :group => "default"},
+      #         {:owner => "000000000888", :group => "default-1"},
+      #         {:to_port => "-1",  :protocol => "icmp", :from_port => "-1",  :cidr_ips => "0.0.0.0/0"},
+      #         {:to_port => "22",  :protocol => "tcp",  :from_port => "22",  :cidr_ips => "0.0.0.0/0"},
+      #         {:to_port => "80",  :protocol => "tcp",  :from_port => "80",  :cidr_ips => "0.0.0.0/0"},
+      #         {:to_port => "443", :protocol => "tcp",  :from_port => "443", :cidr_ips => "0.0.0.0/0"}]},
+      #    ..., {...}]
+      #
+    def describe_security_groups(list=[])
+      link = generate_request("DescribeSecurityGroups", hash_params('GroupName',list.to_a))
+      request_cache_or_info( :describe_security_groups, link,  QEc2DescribeSecurityGroupsParser, @@bench, list.blank?) do |parser|
+        result = []     
+        parser.result.each do |item|
+          perms = []
+          item.ipPermissions.each do |perm|
+            perm.groups.each do |ngroup|
+              perms << {:group => ngroup.groupName,
+                        :owner => ngroup.userId}
+            end
+            perm.ipRanges.each do |cidr_ip|
+              perms << {:from_port => perm.fromPort, 
+                        :to_port   => perm.toPort, 
+                        :protocol  => perm.ipProtocol,
+                        :cidr_ips  => cidr_ip}
+            end
+          end
+
+             # delete duplication
+          perms.each_index do |i|
+            (0...i).each do |j|
+              if perms[i] == perms[j] then perms[i] = nil; break; end
+            end
+          end
+          perms.compact!
+
+          result << {:aws_owner       => item.ownerId, 
+                     :aws_group_name  => item.groupName, 
+                     :aws_description => item.groupDescription,
+                     :aws_perms       => perms}
+        
+        end
+        result
+      end
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+    
+      # Create new Security Group. Returns +true+ or an exception.
+      #
+      #  ec2.create_security_group('default-1',"Default allowing SSH, HTTP, and HTTPS ingress") #=> true
+      #
+    def create_security_group(name, description)
+      # EC2 doesn't like an empty description...
+      description = " " if description.blank?
+      link = generate_request("CreateSecurityGroup", 
+                              'GroupName'        => name.to_s,
+                              'GroupDescription' => description.to_s)
+      request_info(link, RightBoolResponseParser.new(:logger => @logger))
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+
+      # Remove Security Group. Returns +true+ or an exception.
+      #
+      #  ec2.delete_security_group('default-1') #=> true
+      #
+    def delete_security_group(name)
+      link = generate_request("DeleteSecurityGroup", 
+                              'GroupName' => name.to_s)
+      request_info(link, RightBoolResponseParser.new(:logger => @logger))
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+    
+      # Authorize named ingress for security group. Allows instances that are member of someone
+      # else's security group to open connections to instances in my group.
+      #
+      #  ec2.authorize_security_group_named_ingress('my_awesome_group', '7011-0219-8268', 'their_group_name') #=> true
+      #
+    def authorize_security_group_named_ingress(name, owner, group)
+      link = generate_request("AuthorizeSecurityGroupIngress", 
+                              'GroupName'                  => name.to_s,
+                                'SourceSecurityGroupName'    => group.to_s,
+                              'SourceSecurityGroupOwnerId' => owner.to_s.gsub(/-/,''))
+      request_info(link, RightBoolResponseParser.new(:logger => @logger))
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+    
+      # Revoke named ingress for security group.
+      #
+      #  ec2.revoke_security_group_named_ingress('my_awesome_group', aws_user_id, 'another_group_name') #=> true
+      #
+    def revoke_security_group_named_ingress(name, owner, group)
+      link = generate_request("RevokeSecurityGroupIngress", 
+                              'GroupName'                  => name.to_s,
+                              'SourceSecurityGroupName'    => group.to_s,
+                              'SourceSecurityGroupOwnerId' => owner.to_s.gsub(/-/,''))
+      request_info(link, RightBoolResponseParser.new(:logger => @logger))
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+    
+      # Add permission to a security group. Returns +true+ or an exception. +protocol+ is one of :'tcp'|'udp'|'icmp'.
+      #
+      #  ec2.authorize_security_group_IP_ingress('my_awesome_group', 80, 82, 'udp', '192.168.1.0/8') #=> true
+      #  ec2.authorize_security_group_IP_ingress('my_awesome_group', -1, -1, 'icmp') #=> true
+      #
+    def authorize_security_group_IP_ingress(name, from_port, to_port, protocol='tcp', cidr_ip='0.0.0.0/0')
+      link = generate_request("AuthorizeSecurityGroupIngress", 
+                              'GroupName'  => name.to_s,
+                              'IpProtocol' => protocol.to_s,
+                              'FromPort'   => from_port.to_s,
+                              'ToPort'     => to_port.to_s,
+                              'CidrIp'     => cidr_ip.to_s)
+      request_info(link, RightBoolResponseParser.new(:logger => @logger))
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+    
+      # Remove permission from a security group. Returns +true+ or an exception. +protocol+ is one of :'tcp'|'udp'|'icmp' ('tcp' is default). 
+      #
+      #  ec2.revoke_security_group_IP_ingress('my_awesome_group', 80, 82, 'udp', '192.168.1.0/8') #=> true
+      #
+    def revoke_security_group_IP_ingress(name, from_port, to_port, protocol='tcp', cidr_ip='0.0.0.0/0')
+      link = generate_request("RevokeSecurityGroupIngress", 
+                              'GroupName'  => name.to_s,
+                              'IpProtocol' => protocol.to_s,
+                              'FromPort'   => from_port.to_s,
+                              'ToPort'     => to_port.to_s,
+                              'CidrIp'     => cidr_ip.to_s)
+      request_info(link, RightBoolResponseParser.new(:logger => @logger))
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+  #      Keys
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+  
+      # Retrieve a list of SSH keys. Returns an array of keys or an exception. Each key is
+      # represented as a two-element hash.
+      #
+      #  ec2.describe_key_pairs #=>
+      #    [{:aws_fingerprint=> "01:02:03:f4:25:e6:97:e8:9b:02:1a:26:32:4e:58:6b:7a:8c:9f:03", :aws_key_name=>"key-1"},
+      #     {:aws_fingerprint=> "1e:29:30:47:58:6d:7b:8c:9f:08:11:20:3c:44:52:69:74:80:97:08", :aws_key_name=>"key-2"},
+      #      ..., {...} ]
+      #
+    def describe_key_pairs(list=[])
+      link = generate_request("DescribeKeyPairs", hash_params('KeyName',list.to_a))
+      request_cache_or_info :describe_key_pairs, link,  QEc2DescribeKeyPairParser, @@bench, list.blank?
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+      
+      # Create new SSH key. Returns a hash of the key's data or an exception.
+      #
+      #  ec2.create_key_pair('my_awesome_key') #=>
+      #    {:aws_key_name    => "my_awesome_key",
+      #     :aws_fingerprint => "01:02:03:f4:25:e6:97:e8:9b:02:1a:26:32:4e:58:6b:7a:8c:9f:03",
+      #     :aws_material    => "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\nMIIEpQIBAAK...Q8MDrCbuQ=\n-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"}
+      #
+    def create_key_pair(name)
+      link = generate_request("CreateKeyPair", 
+                              'KeyName' => name.to_s)
+      request_info(link, QEc2CreateKeyPairParser.new(:logger => @logger))
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+
+      # Delete a key pair. Returns +true+ or an exception.
+      #
+      #  ec2.delete_key_pair('my_awesome_key') #=> true
+      #
+    def delete_key_pair(name)
+      link = generate_request("DeleteKeyPair", 
+                              'KeyName' => name.to_s)
+      request_info(link, RightBoolResponseParser.new(:logger => @logger))
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+    
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+  #      Elastic IPs
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    # Acquire a new elastic IP address for use with your account.
+    # Returns allocated IP address or an exception.
+    #
+    #  ec2.allocate_address #=> '75.101.154.140'
+    #
+    def allocate_address
+      link = generate_request("AllocateAddress")
+      request_info(link, QEc2AllocateAddressParser.new(:logger => @logger))
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+
+    # Associate an elastic IP address with an instance.
+    # Returns +true+ or an exception.
+    #
+    #  ec2.associate_address('i-d630cbbf', '75.101.154.140') #=> true
+    #
+    def associate_address(instance_id, public_ip)
+      link = generate_request("AssociateAddress", 
+                              "InstanceId" => instance_id.to_s,
+                              "PublicIp"   => public_ip.to_s)
+      request_info(link, RightBoolResponseParser.new(:logger => @logger))
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+
+    # List elastic IP addresses assigned to your account.
+    # Returns an array of 2 keys (:instance_id and :public_ip) hashes:
+    #
+    #  ec2.describe_addresses  #=> [{:instance_id=>"i-d630cbbf", :public_ip=>"75.101.154.140"},
+    #                               {:instance_id=>nil, :public_ip=>"75.101.154.141"}]
+    #
+    #  ec2.describe_addresses('75.101.154.140') #=> [{:instance_id=>"i-d630cbbf", :public_ip=>"75.101.154.140"}]
+    #
+    def describe_addresses(list=[])
+      link = generate_request("DescribeAddresses", 
+                              hash_params('PublicIp',list.to_a))
+      request_cache_or_info :describe_addresses, link,  QEc2DescribeAddressesParser, @@bench, list.blank?
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+
+    # Disassociate the specified elastic IP address from the instance to which it is assigned.
+    # Returns +true+ or an exception.
+    # 
+    #  ec2.disassociate_address('75.101.154.140') #=> true
+    #
+    def disassociate_address(public_ip)
+      link = generate_request("DisassociateAddress", 
+                              "PublicIp" => public_ip.to_s)
+      request_info(link, RightBoolResponseParser.new(:logger => @logger))
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+
+    # Release an elastic IP address associated with your account.
+    # Returns +true+ or an exception.
+    #
+    #  ec2.release_address('75.101.154.140') #=> true
+    #
+    def release_address(public_ip)
+      link = generate_request("ReleaseAddress", 
+                              "PublicIp" => public_ip.to_s)
+      request_info(link, RightBoolResponseParser.new(:logger => @logger))
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+  #      Availability zones
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+    
+    # Describes availability zones that are currently available to the account and their states.
+    # Returns an array of 2 keys (:zone_name and :zone_state) hashes:
+    #
+    #  ec2.describe_availability_zones  #=> [{:region_name=>"us-east-1",
+    #                                         :zone_name=>"us-east-1a",
+    #                                         :zone_state=>"available"}, ... ]
+    #
+    #  ec2.describe_availability_zones('us-east-1c') #=> [{:region_name=>"us-east-1", 
+    #                                                      :zone_state=>"available",
+    #                                                      :zone_name=>"us-east-1c"}]
+    #
+    def describe_availability_zones(list=[])
+      link = generate_request("DescribeAvailabilityZones", 
+                              hash_params('ZoneName',list.to_a))
+      request_cache_or_info :describe_availability_zones, link,  QEc2DescribeAvailabilityZonesParser, @@bench, list.blank?
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+  #      Regions
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    # Describe regions.
+    #
+    #  ec2.describe_regions  #=> ["eu-west-1", "us-east-1"]
+    #
+    def describe_regions(list=[])
+      link = generate_request("DescribeRegions",
+                              hash_params('RegionName',list.to_a))
+      request_cache_or_info :describe_regions, link,  QEc2DescribeRegionsParser, @@bench, list.blank?
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+
+
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+  #      EBS: Volumes
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+  
+    # Describe all EBS volumes.
+    #
+    #  ec2.describe_volumes #=> 
+    #      [{:aws_size              => 94,
+    #        :aws_device            => "/dev/sdc",
+    #        :aws_attachment_status => "attached",
+    #        :zone                  => "merlot",
+    #        :snapshot_id           => nil,
+    #        :aws_attached_at       => Wed Jun 18 08:19:28 UTC 2008,
+    #        :aws_status            => "in-use",
+    #        :aws_id                => "vol-60957009",
+    #        :aws_created_at        => Wed Jun 18 08:19:20s UTC 2008,
+    #        :aws_instance_id       => "i-c014c0a9"},
+    #       {:aws_size       => 1,
+    #        :zone           => "merlot",
+    #        :snapshot_id    => nil,
+    #        :aws_status     => "available",
+    #        :aws_id         => "vol-58957031",
+    #        :aws_created_at => Wed Jun 18 08:19:21 UTC 2008,}, ... ]
+    #
+    def describe_volumes(list=[])
+      link = generate_request("DescribeVolumes", 
+                              hash_params('VolumeId',list.to_a))
+      request_cache_or_info :describe_volumes, link,  QEc2DescribeVolumesParser, @@bench, list.blank?
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+    
+    # Create new EBS volume based on previously created snapshot. 
+    # +Size+ in Gigabytes.
+    #
+    #  ec2.create_volume('snap-000000', 10, zone) #=> 
+    #      {:snapshot_id    => "snap-e21df98b",
+    #       :aws_status     => "creating",
+    #       :aws_id         => "vol-fc9f7a95",
+    #       :zone           => "merlot",
+    #       :aws_created_at => Tue Jun 24 18:13:32 UTC 2008,
+    #       :aws_size       => 94}
+    #
+    def create_volume(snapshot_id, size, zone)
+      link = generate_request("CreateVolume", 
+                              "SnapshotId"        => snapshot_id.to_s,
+                              "Size"              => size.to_s,
+                              "AvailabilityZone"  => zone.to_s )
+      request_info(link, QEc2CreateVolumeParser.new(:logger => @logger))
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+
+    # Delete the specified EBS volume. 
+    # This does not deletes any snapshots created from this volume.
+    #
+    #  ec2.delete_volume('vol-b48a6fdd') #=> true
+    #
+    def delete_volume(volume_id)
+      link = generate_request("DeleteVolume", 
+                              "VolumeId" => volume_id.to_s)
+      request_info(link, RightBoolResponseParser.new(:logger => @logger))
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+    
+    # Attach the specified EBS volume to a specified instance, exposing the
+    # volume using the specified device name.
+    #
+    #  ec2.attach_volume('vol-898a6fe0', 'i-7c905415', '/dev/sdh') #=>
+    #    { :aws_instance_id => "i-7c905415",
+    #      :aws_device      => "/dev/sdh",
+    #      :aws_status      => "attaching",
+    #      :aws_attached_at => "2008-03-28T14:14:39.000Z",
+    #      :aws_id          => "vol-898a6fe0" }
+    #
+    def attach_volume(volume_id, instance_id, device)
+      link = generate_request("AttachVolume", 
+                              "VolumeId"   => volume_id.to_s,
+                              "InstanceId" => instance_id.to_s,
+                              "Device"     => device.to_s)
+      request_info(link, QEc2AttachAndDetachVolumeParser.new(:logger => @logger))
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+    
+    # Detach the specified EBS volume from the instance to which it is attached.
+    # 
+    #   ec2.detach_volume('vol-898a6fe0') #=> 
+    #     { :aws_instance_id => "i-7c905415",
+    #       :aws_device      => "/dev/sdh",
+    #       :aws_status      => "detaching",
+    #       :aws_attached_at => "2008-03-28T14:38:34.000Z",
+    #       :aws_id          => "vol-898a6fe0"}
+    #
+    def detach_volume(volume_id, instance_id=nil, device=nil, force=nil)
+      hash = { "VolumeId" => volume_id.to_s }
+      hash["InstanceId"] = instance_id.to_s unless instance_id.blank?
+      hash["Device"]     = device.to_s      unless device.blank?
+      hash["Force"]      = 'true'           if     force
+      #
+      link = generate_request("DetachVolume", hash)
+      request_info(link, QEc2AttachAndDetachVolumeParser.new(:logger => @logger))
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+
+    
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+  #      EBS: Snapshots
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+     # Describe all EBS snapshots.
+     #
+     # ec2.describe_snapshots #=> 
+     #   [ { :aws_progress   => "100%",
+     #       :aws_status     => "completed",
+     #       :aws_id         => "snap-72a5401b",
+     #       :aws_volume_id  => "vol-5582673c",
+     #       :aws_started_at => "2008-02-23T02:50:48.000Z"},
+     #     { :aws_progress   => "100%",
+     #       :aws_status     => "completed",
+     #       :aws_id         => "snap-75a5401c",
+     #       :aws_volume_id  => "vol-5582673c",
+     #       :aws_started_at => "2008-02-23T16:23:19.000Z" },...]
+     #
+    def describe_snapshots(list=[])
+      link = generate_request("DescribeSnapshots", 
+                              hash_params('SnapshotId',list.to_a))
+      request_cache_or_info :describe_snapshots, link,  QEc2DescribeSnapshotsParser, @@bench, list.blank?
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+
+    # Create a snapshot of specified volume.
+    #
+    #  ec2.create_snapshot('vol-898a6fe0') #=> 
+    #      {:aws_volume_id  => "vol-fd9f7a94",
+    #       :aws_started_at => Tue Jun 24 18:40:40 UTC 2008,
+    #       :aws_progress   => "",
+    #       :aws_status     => "pending",
+    #       :aws_id         => "snap-d56783bc"}
+    #
+    def create_snapshot(volume_id)
+      link = generate_request("CreateSnapshot", 
+                              "VolumeId" => volume_id.to_s)
+      request_info(link, QEc2CreateSnapshotParser.new(:logger => @logger))
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+    
+    # Create a snapshot of specified volume, but with the normal retry algorithms disabled.
+    # This method will return immediately upon error.  The user can specify connect and read timeouts (in s)
+    # for the connection to AWS.  If the user does not specify timeouts, try_create_snapshot uses the default values
+    # in Rightscale::HttpConnection.
+    #
+    #  ec2.try_create_snapshot('vol-898a6fe0') #=> 
+    #      {:aws_volume_id  => "vol-fd9f7a94",
+    #       :aws_started_at => Tue Jun 24 18:40:40 UTC 2008,
+    #       :aws_progress   => "",
+    #       :aws_status     => "pending",
+    #       :aws_id         => "snap-d56783bc"}
+    #
+    def try_create_snapshot(volume_id, connect_timeout = nil, read_timeout = nil)
+      # For safety in the ensure block...we don't want to restore values 
+      # if we never read them in the first place
+      orig_reiteration_time = nil
+      orig_http_params = nil
+      
+      orig_reiteration_time = RightAws::AWSErrorHandler::reiteration_time
+      RightAws::AWSErrorHandler::reiteration_time = 0
+      
+      orig_http_params = Rightscale::HttpConnection::params()
+      new_http_params = orig_http_params.dup
+      new_http_params[:http_connection_retry_count] = 0
+      new_http_params[:http_connection_open_timeout] = connect_timeout if !connect_timeout.nil?
+      new_http_params[:http_connection_read_timeout] = read_timeout if !read_timeout.nil?
+      Rightscale::HttpConnection::params = new_http_params
+      
+      link = generate_request("CreateSnapshot", 
+                              "VolumeId" => volume_id.to_s)
+      request_info(link, QEc2CreateSnapshotParser.new(:logger => @logger))
+     
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    ensure
+      RightAws::AWSErrorHandler::reiteration_time = orig_reiteration_time if orig_reiteration_time
+      Rightscale::HttpConnection::params = orig_http_params if orig_http_params
+    end
+
+    # Delete the specified snapshot.
+    #
+    #  ec2.delete_snapshot('snap-55a5403c') #=> true
+    #
+    def delete_snapshot(snapshot_id)
+      link = generate_request("DeleteSnapshot", 
+                              "SnapshotId" => snapshot_id.to_s)
+      request_info(link, RightBoolResponseParser.new(:logger => @logger))
+    rescue Exception
+      on_exception
+    end
+    
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+  #      PARSERS: Boolean Response Parser
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+    
+    class RightBoolResponseParser < RightAWSParser #:nodoc:
+      def tagend(name)
+        @result = @text=='true' ? true : false if name == 'return'
+      end
+    end
+
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+  #      PARSERS: Key Pair
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    class QEc2DescribeKeyPairParser < RightAWSParser #:nodoc:
+      def tagstart(name, attributes)
+        @item = {} if name == 'item'
+      end
+      def tagend(name)
+        case name 
+          when 'keyName'        then @item[:aws_key_name]    = @text
+          when 'keyFingerprint' then @item[:aws_fingerprint] = @text
+          when 'item'           then @result                << @item
+        end
+      end
+      def reset
+        @result = [];    
+      end
+    end
+
+    class QEc2CreateKeyPairParser < RightAWSParser #:nodoc:
+      def tagstart(name, attributes)
+        @result = {} if name == 'CreateKeyPairResponse'
+      end
+      def tagend(name)
+        case name 
+          when 'keyName'        then @result[:aws_key_name]    = @text
+          when 'keyFingerprint' then @result[:aws_fingerprint] = @text
+          when 'keyMaterial'    then @result[:aws_material]    = @text
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+  #      PARSERS: Security Groups
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    class QEc2UserIdGroupPairType #:nodoc:
+      attr_accessor :userId
+      attr_accessor :groupName
+    end
+
+    class QEc2IpPermissionType #:nodoc:
+      attr_accessor :ipProtocol
+      attr_accessor :fromPort
+      attr_accessor :toPort
+      attr_accessor :groups
+      attr_accessor :ipRanges
+    end
+
+    class QEc2SecurityGroupItemType #:nodoc:
+      attr_accessor :groupName
+      attr_accessor :groupDescription
+      attr_accessor :ownerId
+      attr_accessor :ipPermissions
+    end
+
+
+    class QEc2DescribeSecurityGroupsParser < RightAWSParser #:nodoc:
+      def tagstart(name, attributes)
+        case name
+          when 'item' 
+            if @xmlpath=='DescribeSecurityGroupsResponse/securityGroupInfo'
+              @group = QEc2SecurityGroupItemType.new 
+              @group.ipPermissions = []
+            elsif @xmlpath=='DescribeSecurityGroupsResponse/securityGroupInfo/item/ipPermissions'
+              @perm = QEc2IpPermissionType.new
+              @perm.ipRanges = []
+              @perm.groups   = []
+            elsif @xmlpath=='DescribeSecurityGroupsResponse/securityGroupInfo/item/ipPermissions/item/groups'
+              @sgroup = QEc2UserIdGroupPairType.new
+            end
+        end
+      end
+      def tagend(name)
+        case name
+          when 'ownerId'          then @group.ownerId   = @text
+          when 'groupDescription' then @group.groupDescription = @text
+          when 'groupName'
+            if @xmlpath=='DescribeSecurityGroupsResponse/securityGroupInfo/item'
+              @group.groupName  = @text 
+            elsif @xmlpath=='DescribeSecurityGroupsResponse/securityGroupInfo/item/ipPermissions/item/groups/item'
+              @sgroup.groupName = @text 
+            end
+          when 'ipProtocol'       then @perm.ipProtocol = @text
+          when 'fromPort'         then @perm.fromPort   = @text
+          when 'toPort'           then @perm.toPort     = @text
+          when 'userId'           then @sgroup.userId   = @text
+          when 'cidrIp'           then @perm.ipRanges  << @text
+          when 'item'
+            if @xmlpath=='DescribeSecurityGroupsResponse/securityGroupInfo/item/ipPermissions/item/groups'
+              @perm.groups << @sgroup
+            elsif @xmlpath=='DescribeSecurityGroupsResponse/securityGroupInfo/item/ipPermissions'
+              @group.ipPermissions << @perm
+            elsif @xmlpath=='DescribeSecurityGroupsResponse/securityGroupInfo'
+              @result << @group
+            end
+        end
+      end
+      def reset
+        @result = []
+      end
+    end
+
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+  #      PARSERS: Images
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+    
+    class QEc2DescribeImagesParser < RightAWSParser #:nodoc:
+      def tagstart(name, attributes)
+        if name == 'item' && @xmlpath[%r{.*/imagesSet$}]
+          @image = {}
+        end
+      end
+      def tagend(name)
+        case name
+          when 'imageId'       then @image[:aws_id]       = @text
+          when 'imageLocation' then @image[:aws_location] = @text
+          when 'imageState'    then @image[:aws_state]    = @text
+          when 'imageOwnerId'  then @image[:aws_owner]    = @text
+          when 'isPublic'      then @image[:aws_is_public]= @text == 'true' ? true : false
+          when 'productCode'   then (@image[:aws_product_codes] ||= []) << @text
+          when 'architecture'  then @image[:aws_architecture] = @text
+          when 'imageType'     then @image[:aws_image_type] = @text
+          when 'kernelId'      then @image[:aws_kernel_id]  = @text
+          when 'ramdiskId'     then @image[:aws_ramdisk_id] = @text
+          when 'item'          then @result << @image if @xmlpath[%r{.*/imagesSet$}]
+        end
+      end
+      def reset
+        @result = []
+      end
+    end
+
+    class QEc2RegisterImageParser < RightAWSParser #:nodoc:
+      def tagend(name)
+        @result = @text if name == 'imageId'
+      end
+    end
+
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+  #      PARSERS: Image Attribute
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    class QEc2DescribeImageAttributeParser < RightAWSParser #:nodoc:
+      def tagstart(name, attributes)
+        case name
+          when 'launchPermission'
+            @result[:groups] = []
+            @result[:users]  = []
+          when 'productCodes'
+            @result[:aws_product_codes] = []
+        end
+      end
+      def tagend(name)
+          # right now only 'launchPermission' is supported by Amazon. 
+          # But nobody know what will they xml later as attribute. That is why we 
+          # check for 'group' and 'userId' inside of 'launchPermission/item'
+        case name
+          when 'imageId'            then @result[:aws_id] = @text
+          when 'group'              then @result[:groups] << @text if @xmlpath == 'DescribeImageAttributeResponse/launchPermission/item'
+          when 'userId'             then @result[:users]  << @text if @xmlpath == 'DescribeImageAttributeResponse/launchPermission/item'
+          when 'productCode'        then @result[:aws_product_codes] << @text
+          when 'kernel'             then @result[:aws_kernel]  = @text
+          when 'ramdisk'            then @result[:aws_ramdisk] = @text
+          when 'blockDeviceMapping' then @result[:block_device_mapping] = @text
+        end
+      end
+      def reset
+        @result = {}
+      end
+    end
+
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+  #      PARSERS: Instances
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    class QEc2DescribeInstancesParser < RightAWSParser #:nodoc:
+      def tagstart(name, attributes)
+           # DescribeInstances property
+        if (name == 'item' && @xmlpath == 'DescribeInstancesResponse/reservationSet') || 
+           # RunInstances property
+           (name == 'RunInstancesResponse')  
+            @reservation = { :aws_groups    => [],
+                             :instances_set => [] }
+              
+        elsif (name == 'item') && 
+                # DescribeInstances property
+              ( @xmlpath=='DescribeInstancesResponse/reservationSet/item/instancesSet' ||
+               # RunInstances property
+                @xmlpath=='RunInstancesResponse/instancesSet' )
+              # the optional params (sometimes are missing and we dont want them to be nil) 
+            @instance = { :aws_reason       => '',
+                          :dns_name         => '',
+                          :private_dns_name => '',
+                          :ami_launch_index => '',
+                          :ssh_key_name     => '',
+                          :aws_state        => '',
+                          :aws_product_codes => [] }
+        end
+      end
+      def tagend(name)
+        case name 
+          # reservation
+          when 'reservationId'    then @reservation[:aws_reservation_id] = @text
+          when 'ownerId'          then @reservation[:aws_owner]          = @text
+          when 'groupId'          then @reservation[:aws_groups]        << @text
+          # instance  
+          when 'instanceId'       then @instance[:aws_instance_id]    = @text
+          when 'imageId'          then @instance[:aws_image_id]       = @text
+          when 'dnsName'          then @instance[:dns_name]           = @text
+          when 'privateDnsName'   then @instance[:private_dns_name]   = @text
+          when 'reason'           then @instance[:aws_reason]         = @text
+          when 'keyName'          then @instance[:ssh_key_name]       = @text
+          when 'amiLaunchIndex'   then @instance[:ami_launch_index]   = @text
+          when 'code'             then @instance[:aws_state_code]     = @text
+          when 'name'             then @instance[:aws_state]          = @text
+          when 'productCode'      then @instance[:aws_product_codes] << @text
+          when 'instanceType'     then @instance[:aws_instance_type]  = @text
+          when 'launchTime'       then @instance[:aws_launch_time]    = @text
+          when 'kernelId'         then @instance[:aws_kernel_id]      = @text
+          when 'ramdiskId'        then @instance[:aws_ramdisk_id]     = @text
+          when 'platform'         then @instance[:aws_platform]       = @text
+          when 'availabilityZone' then @instance[:aws_availability_zone] = @text
+          when 'item'
+            if @xmlpath == 'DescribeInstancesResponse/reservationSet/item/instancesSet' || # DescribeInstances property
+               @xmlpath == 'RunInstancesResponse/instancesSet'            # RunInstances property
+              @reservation[:instances_set] << @instance
+            elsif @xmlpath=='DescribeInstancesResponse/reservationSet'    # DescribeInstances property
+              @result << @reservation
+            end
+          when 'RunInstancesResponse' then @result << @reservation            # RunInstances property
+        end
+      end
+      def reset
+        @result = []
+      end
+    end
+
+    class QEc2ConfirmProductInstanceParser < RightAWSParser #:nodoc:
+      def tagend(name)
+        @result = @text if name == 'ownerId'
+      end
+    end
+
+    class QEc2TerminateInstancesParser < RightAWSParser #:nodoc:
+      def tagstart(name, attributes)
+        @instance = {} if name == 'item'
+      end
+      def tagend(name)
+        case name
+        when 'instanceId' then @instance[:aws_instance_id] = @text
+        when 'code'
+          if @xmlpath == 'TerminateInstancesResponse/instancesSet/item/shutdownState'
+               @instance[:aws_shutdown_state_code] = @text.to_i
+          else @instance[:aws_prev_state_code]     = @text.to_i end
+        when 'name'
+          if @xmlpath == 'TerminateInstancesResponse/instancesSet/item/shutdownState'
+               @instance[:aws_shutdown_state] = @text
+          else @instance[:aws_prev_state]     = @text end
+        when 'item'       then @result << @instance
+        end
+      end
+      def reset
+        @result = []
+      end
+    end
+
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+  #      PARSERS: Console
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    class QEc2GetConsoleOutputParser < RightAWSParser #:nodoc:
+      def tagend(name)
+        case name
+        when 'instanceId' then @result[:aws_instance_id] = @text
+        when 'timestamp'  then @result[:aws_timestamp]   = @text
+                               @result[:timestamp]       = (Time.parse(@text)).utc
+        when 'output'     then @result[:aws_output]      = Base64.decode64(@text)
+        end
+      end
+      def reset
+        @result = {}
+      end
+    end
+
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+  #      Instances: Wondows related part
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+    class QEc2DescribeBundleTasksParser < RightAWSParser #:nodoc:
+      def tagstart(name, attributes)
+        @bundle = {} if name == 'item'
+      end
+      def tagend(name)
+        case name
+#        when 'requestId'  then @bundle[:request_id]    = @text
+        when 'instanceId' then @bundle[:aws_instance_id]   = @text
+        when 'bundleId'   then @bundle[:aws_id]            = @text
+        when 'bucket'     then @bundle[:s3_bucket]         = @text
+        when 'prefix'     then @bundle[:s3_prefix]         = @text
+        when 'startTime'  then @bundle[:aws_start_time]    = @text
+        when 'updateTime' then @bundle[:aws_update_time]   = @text
+        when 'state'      then @bundle[:aws_state]         = @text
+        when 'progress'   then @bundle[:aws_progress]      = @text
+        when 'code'       then @bundle[:aws_error_code]    = @text
+        when 'message'    then @bundle[:aws_error_message] = @text
+        when 'item'       then @result                    << @bundle
+        end
+      end
+      def reset
+        @result = []
+      end
+    end
+
+    class QEc2BundleInstanceParser < RightAWSParser #:nodoc:
+      def tagend(name)
+        case name
+#        when 'requestId'  then @result[:request_id]    = @text
+        when 'instanceId' then @result[:aws_instance_id]   = @text
+        when 'bundleId'   then @result[:aws_id]            = @text
+        when 'bucket'     then @result[:s3_bucket]         = @text
+        when 'prefix'     then @result[:s3_prefix]         = @text
+        when 'startTime'  then @result[:aws_start_time]    = @text
+        when 'updateTime' then @result[:aws_update_time]   = @text
+        when 'state'      then @result[:aws_state]         = @text
+        when 'progress'   then @result[:aws_progress]      = @text
+        when 'code'       then @result[:aws_error_code]    = @text
+        when 'message'    then @result[:aws_error_message] = @text
+        end
+      end
+      def reset
+        @result = {}
+      end
+    end
+
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+  #      PARSERS: Elastic IPs
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+  
+    class QEc2AllocateAddressParser < RightAWSParser #:nodoc:
+      def tagend(name)
+        @result = @text if name == 'publicIp'
+      end
+    end
+    
+    class QEc2DescribeAddressesParser < RightAWSParser #:nodoc:
+      def tagstart(name, attributes)
+        @address = {} if name == 'item'
+      end
+      def tagend(name)
+        case name
+        when 'instanceId' then @address[:instance_id] = @text.blank? ? nil : @text 
+        when 'publicIp'   then @address[:public_ip]   = @text
+        when 'item'       then @result << @address
+        end
+      end
+      def reset
+        @result = []
+      end
+    end
+
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+  #      PARSERS: AvailabilityZones
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    class QEc2DescribeAvailabilityZonesParser < RightAWSParser #:nodoc:
+      def tagstart(name, attributes)
+        @zone = {} if name == 'item'
+      end
+      def tagend(name)
+        case name
+        when 'regionName' then @zone[:region_name] = @text
+        when 'zoneName'   then @zone[:zone_name]   = @text
+        when 'zoneState'  then @zone[:zone_state]  = @text
+        when 'item'      then @result << @zone
+        end
+      end
+      def reset
+        @result = []
+      end
+    end
+
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+  #      PARSERS: Regions
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    class QEc2DescribeRegionsParser < RightAWSParser #:nodoc:
+      def tagend(name)
+        @result << @text if name == 'regionName'
+      end
+      def reset
+        @result = []
+      end
+    end
+
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+  #      PARSERS: EBS - Volumes
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ 
+    class QEc2CreateVolumeParser < RightAWSParser #:nodoc:
+      def tagend(name)
+        case name 
+          when 'volumeId'         then @result[:aws_id]         = @text
+          when 'status'           then @result[:aws_status]     = @text
+          when 'createTime'       then @result[:aws_created_at] = Time.parse(@text)
+          when 'size'             then @result[:aws_size]       = @text.to_i ###
+          when 'snapshotId'       then @result[:snapshot_id]    = @text.blank? ? nil : @text ###
+          when 'availabilityZone' then @result[:zone]           = @text ###
+        end
+      end
+      def reset
+        @result = {}
+      end
+    end
+    
+    class QEc2AttachAndDetachVolumeParser < RightAWSParser #:nodoc:
+      def tagend(name)
+        case name 
+          when 'volumeId'   then @result[:aws_id]                = @text
+          when 'instanceId' then @result[:aws_instance_id]       = @text
+          when 'device'     then @result[:aws_device]            = @text
+          when 'status'     then @result[:aws_attachment_status] = @text
+          when 'attachTime' then @result[:aws_attached_at]       = Time.parse(@text)
+        end
+      end
+      def reset
+        @result = {}
+      end
+    end
+      
+    class QEc2DescribeVolumesParser < RightAWSParser #:nodoc:
+      def tagstart(name, attributes)
+        case name
+        when 'item'
+          case @xmlpath
+            when 'DescribeVolumesResponse/volumeSet' then @volume = {}
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      def tagend(name)
+        case name 
+          when 'volumeId'
+            case @xmlpath
+            when 'DescribeVolumesResponse/volumeSet/item' then @volume[:aws_id] = @text
+            end
+          when 'status'
+            case @xmlpath
+            when 'DescribeVolumesResponse/volumeSet/item' then @volume[:aws_status] = @text
+            when 'DescribeVolumesResponse/volumeSet/item/attachmentSet/item' then @volume[:aws_attachment_status] = @text
+            end
+          when 'size'             then @volume[:aws_size]        = @text.to_i
+          when 'createTime'       then @volume[:aws_created_at]  = Time.parse(@text)
+          when 'instanceId'       then @volume[:aws_instance_id] = @text
+          when 'device'           then @volume[:aws_device]      = @text
+          when 'attachTime'       then @volume[:aws_attached_at] = Time.parse(@text)
+          when 'snapshotId'       then @volume[:snapshot_id]     = @text.blank? ? nil : @text
+          when 'availabilityZone' then @volume[:zone]            = @text
+          when 'item' 
+            case @xmlpath
+            when 'DescribeVolumesResponse/volumeSet' then @result << @volume
+            end
+        end
+      end
+      def reset
+        @result = []
+      end
+    end
+
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+  #      PARSERS: EBS - Snapshots
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+  
+    class QEc2DescribeSnapshotsParser < RightAWSParser #:nodoc:
+      def tagstart(name, attributes)
+        @snapshot = {} if name == 'item'
+      end
+      def tagend(name)
+        case name 
+          when 'volumeId'   then @snapshot[:aws_volume_id]  = @text
+          when 'snapshotId' then @snapshot[:aws_id]         = @text
+          when 'status'     then @snapshot[:aws_status]     = @text
+          when 'startTime'  then @snapshot[:aws_started_at] = Time.parse(@text)
+          when 'progress'   then @snapshot[:aws_progress]   = @text
+          when 'item'       then @result                   << @snapshot
+        end
+      end
+      def reset
+        @result = []
+      end
+    end
+
+    class QEc2CreateSnapshotParser < RightAWSParser #:nodoc:
+      def tagend(name)
+        case name 
+          when 'volumeId'   then @result[:aws_volume_id]  = @text
+          when 'snapshotId' then @result[:aws_id]         = @text
+          when 'status'     then @result[:aws_status]     = @text
+          when 'startTime'  then @result[:aws_started_at] = Time.parse(@text)
+          when 'progress'   then @result[:aws_progress]   = @text
+        end
+      end
+      def reset
+        @result = {}
+      end
+    end
+    
+  end
+      
+end