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difects 3.0.0

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+<body id='manpage'>
+  <div class='mp' id='man'>
+  <div class='man-navigation' style='display:none'>
+    <a href="#NAME">NAME</a>
+    <a href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a>
+    <a href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
+    <a href="#OPTIONS">OPTIONS</a>
+    <a href="#TESTS">TESTS</a>
+    <a href="#ASSERTIONS">ASSERTIONS</a>
+    <a href="#EMULATION">EMULATION</a>
+    <a href="#EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</a>
+    <a href="#HACKING">HACKING</a>
+    <a href="#VERSIONS">VERSIONS</a>
+    <a href="#AUTHORS">AUTHORS</a>
+    <a href="#CREDITS">CREDITS</a>
+    <a href="#LICENSE">LICENSE</a>
+    <a href="#SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a>
+    </div>
+  <ol class='man-decor man-head man head'>
+    <li class='tl'>difects(1)</li>
+    <li class='tc'>Version 3.0.0</li>
+    <li class='tr'>difects(1)</li>
+  </ol>
+  <h2 id="NAME">NAME</h2>
+<p class="man-name">
+  <code>difects</code> - <span class="man-whatis">Assertion testing library for Ruby</span>
+</p>
+<p>DIFECTS is an assertion testing library for <a href="http://ruby-lang.org">Ruby</a> that emphasizes a simple
+assertion vocabulary, instant debuggability of failures, and flexibility in
+composing tests.</p>
+<h3 id="Features">Features</h3>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Adds only 7 mnemonic method names to your memory:</p>
+<p><code>D</code>escribe, <code>I</code>nform, <code>F</code>alse, <code>E</code>rror, <code>C</code>atch, <code>T</code>rue, and <code>S</code>hare.</p></li>
+<li><p>Lets you debug assertion failures interactively.</p></li>
+<li><p>Lets you nest tests, assertions, and execution hooks.</p></li>
+<li><p>Maintains a detailed report of assertion failures.</p></li>
+<li><p>Implemented in 420 lines of pure Ruby.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h3 id="Resources">Resources</h3>
+<dl>
+<dt>Issue tracker (report bugs, request features, get help)</dt><dd><p><a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/issues" data-bare-link="true">http://github.com/sunaku/difects/issues</a></p></dd>
+<dt>Source code (browse online or obtain with <a href="http://git-scm.com">Git</a>)</dt><dd><p><a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects" data-bare-link="true">http://github.com/sunaku/difects</a></p></dd>
+<dt>API documentation</dt><dd><p><a href="http://snk.tuxfamily.org/lib/difects/api/" data-bare-link="true">http://snk.tuxfamily.org/lib/difects/api/</a></p></dd>
+<dt>Announcements feed</dt><dd><p><a href="http://snk.tuxfamily.org/lib/difects/ann.xml" data-bare-link="true">http://snk.tuxfamily.org/lib/difects/ann.xml</a></p></dd>
+<dt>Official website</dt><dd><p><a href="http://snk.tuxfamily.org/lib/difects/" data-bare-link="true">http://snk.tuxfamily.org/lib/difects/</a></p></dd>
+</dl>
+<h3 id="Setup">Setup</h3>
+<p>Prerequisites:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p><a href="http://ruby-lang.org">Ruby</a> 1.8.6 or newer.</p></li>
+<li><p><a href="http://rubygems.org">RubyGems</a> 1.3.6 or newer.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Installing:</p>
+<pre><code>gem install difects
+</code></pre>
+<p>Upgrading:</p>
+<pre><code>gem update difects
+</code></pre>
+<p>Removing:</p>
+<pre><code>gem uninstall difects
+</code></pre>
+<h2 id="SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</h2>
+<p><code>difects</code> [<var>OPTIONS</var>] (<var>FILE</var>|<var>GLOB</var>) ...</p>
+<h2 id="DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<p>Evaluates the given <var>FILE</var>s and also files matching the given <var>GLOB</var> patterns.</p>
+<p>The exit status of this command reflects the number of errors and assertion
+failures up to a maximum of 255 (to avoid 8-bit unsigned integer overflow).</p>
+<h2 id="OPTIONS">OPTIONS</h2>
+<dl>
+<dt><code>-d</code>, <code>--debug</code></dt><dd><p>Launch interactive debugger upon assertion failures.</p></dd>
+<dt><code>-h</code>, <code>--help</code></dt><dd><p>Display this manual and exit.</p></dd>
+<dt><code>-v</code>, <code>--version</code></dt><dd><p>Print version number and exit.</p></dd>
+</dl>
+<h2 id="TESTS">TESTS</h2>
+<p>The <code>D()</code> method creates a new <strong>test</strong>, which is analagous to the <code>describe</code>
+keyword in <a href="http://rspec.info">RSpec</a> and the concept of a "test case" in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XUnit">xUnit</a>.  A test may
+contain nested tests (see <strong>Insulation</strong> below).</p>
+<pre><code>D "outer test" do
+  # assertions and logic here
+  D "inner test" do
+    # more assertions and logic here
+  end
+end
+</code></pre>
+<h3 id="Hooks">Hooks</h3>
+<p>A <strong>hook</strong> is a scheduled point of entry into the test execution process.  The
+<code>D()</code> method provides several of them:</p>
+<pre><code>D "outer test" do
+  D .&lt;  { puts "before each nested test" }
+  D .&gt;  { puts "after  each nested test" }
+  D .&lt;&lt; { puts "before all nested tests" }
+  D .&gt;&gt; { puts "after  all nested tests" }
+  D "inner test" do
+    # assertions and logic here
+  end
+end
+</code></pre>
+<p>A hook method can be called multiple times.  Every call to a hook method
+schedules additional logic to be executed during the hook:</p>
+<pre><code>D .&lt; { puts "do something" }
+D .&lt; { puts "do something more!" }
+</code></pre>
+<h3 id="Insulation">Insulation</h3>
+<p>The <code>D!()</code> method defines a new test that is explicitly insulated from
+the tests that contain it and also from the top-level Ruby environment.
+Root-level calls to the <code>D()</code> method are insulated by default.</p>
+<p>Inside an insulated test, you are free to mix-in (using the <code>extend</code> keyword,
+not the <code>include</code> keyword) any modules your test logic needs and also define
+your own constants, methods, and classes.</p>
+<h3 id="Sharing">Sharing</h3>
+<dl>
+<dt class="flush"><code>S()</code></dt><dd><p>Mechanism for sharing code.  When called with a block, it shares the given
+block (under a given identifier) for injection into other tests.  When
+called without a block, it injects a previously shared block (under a given
+identifier) into the environment where it is called.</p></dd>
+<dt class="flush"><code>S!()</code></dt><dd><p>Combination of the two uses of the <code>S()</code> method: it lets you simultaneously
+share a block of code while injecting it into the environment where that
+method is called.</p></dd>
+<dt class="flush"><code>S?()</code></dt><dd><p>Checks whether any code has been shared under a given identifier.</p></dd>
+</dl>
+<h3 id="Information">Information</h3>
+<dl>
+<dt class="flush"><code>I()</code></dt><dd><p>Mechanism for inserting arbitrary Ruby objects into the test execution
+report.  You can think of this method as a way to <em>inform</em> yourself.</p></dd>
+<dt class="flush"><code>I!()</code></dt><dd><p>Starts the interactive debugger at the location where it is called.</p></dd>
+</dl>
+<h3 id="Execution">Execution</h3>
+<p>Tests are executed in depth-first search (DFS) order.</p>
+<p>You can configure the test execution process using:</p>
+<pre><code>DIFECTS.debug = your_choice_here
+DIFECTS.quiet = your_choice_here
+</code></pre>
+<p>You can execute all tests defined thus far using:</p>
+<pre><code>DIFECTS.start
+</code></pre>
+<p>You can stop the execution at any time using:</p>
+<pre><code>DIFECTS.stop
+</code></pre>
+<p>You can view the results of execution using:</p>
+<pre><code>puts DIFECTS.trace.to_yaml
+puts DIFECTS.stats.to_yaml
+</code></pre>
+<p>You can mix-in the <code>DIFECTS</code> module into your program and execute all tests
+defined by your program before it terminates by simply adding the following
+line at the top of your program:</p>
+<pre><code>require 'difects/auto'
+</code></pre>
+<p>See the API documentation for more information and examples.</p>
+<h2 id="ASSERTIONS">ASSERTIONS</h2>
+<p>The following methods accept a block parameter and assert something about the
+result of executing that block.  They also accept an optional message, which
+is shown in failure reports (see <strong>Failures</strong> below) if they fail.</p>
+<dl>
+<dt class="flush"><code>T()</code></dt><dd><p>assert true (not <code>nil</code> and not <code>false</code>)</p></dd>
+<dt class="flush"><code>F()</code></dt><dd><p>assert not true (<code>nil</code> or <code>false</code>)</p></dd>
+<dt class="flush"><code>E()</code></dt><dd><p>assert that an execption is raised</p></dd>
+<dt class="flush"><code>C()</code></dt><dd><p>assert that a symbol is thrown</p></dd>
+</dl>
+<p>For the <code>T()</code> and <code>F()</code> methods, you may also pass the condition to be
+asserted as the first argument (instead of passing it as a block).  This might
+result in a less noisy more pleasing syntax, depending on your taste:</p>
+<pre><code>D "Lottery" do
+  winning_ticket = rand()
+  D "My chances of winning" do
+    my_ticket = rand()
+    # passing the condition as a block:
+    F("I won?!  Dream on.") { my_ticket == winning_ticket }
+    # passing the condition as an argument:
+    F my_ticket == winning_ticket, "I won?!  Dream on."
+  end
+end
+</code></pre>
+<h3 id="Negation">Negation</h3>
+<p>The following methods are the <em>opposite</em> of normal assertions.</p>
+<dl>
+<dt class="flush"><code>T!()</code></dt><dd><p>same as <code>F()</code></p></dd>
+<dt class="flush"><code>F!()</code></dt><dd><p>same as <code>T()</code></p></dd>
+<dt class="flush"><code>E!()</code></dt><dd><p>assert that an exception is <em>not</em> raised</p></dd>
+<dt class="flush"><code>C!()</code></dt><dd><p>assert that a symbol is <em>not</em> thrown</p></dd>
+</dl>
+<h3 id="Sampling">Sampling</h3>
+<p>The following methods let you <em>check the outcome</em> of an assertion without
+recording a success or failure in the test execution report.</p>
+<dl>
+<dt class="flush"><code>T?()</code></dt><dd><p>returns true if <code>T()</code> passes; false otherwise</p></dd>
+<dt class="flush"><code>F?()</code></dt><dd><p>returns true if <code>F()</code> passes; false otherwise</p></dd>
+<dt class="flush"><code>E?()</code></dt><dd><p>returns true if <code>E()</code> passes; false otherwise</p></dd>
+<dt class="flush"><code>C?()</code></dt><dd><p>returns true if <code>C()</code> passes; false otherwise</p></dd>
+</dl>
+<h3 id="Failures">Failures</h3>
+<p>Assertions failures are reported in the following manner:</p>
+<pre><code>- fail: block must yield true (!nil &amp;&amp; !false)
+  call:
+  - test/simple.rb:17
+  - test/simple.rb:3
+  code: |-
+    [12..22] in test/simple.rb
+       12
+       13     D "with more nested tests" do
+       14       x = 5
+       15
+       16       T { x &gt; 2 }   # passes
+    =&gt; 17       F { x &gt; 2 }   # fails
+       18       E { x.hello } # passes
+       19     end
+       20   end
+       21
+       22   # equivalent of before(:each) or setup()
+  bind: test/simple.rb:17
+  vars:
+    x: (Fixnum) 5
+    y: (Fixnum) 83
+</code></pre>
+<p>Failure reports are composed of the following sections:</p>
+<dl>
+<dt class="flush">fail</dt><dd><p>Description of the assertion failure.</p></dd>
+<dt class="flush">call</dt><dd><p>Stack trace leading to the point of failure.</p></dd>
+<dt class="flush">code</dt><dd><p>Source code surrounding the point of failure.</p></dd>
+<dt class="flush">bind</dt><dd><p>Location where local variables (in the "vars" section) were extracted.</p></dd>
+<dt class="flush">vars</dt><dd><p>Local variables visible at the point of failure.</p></dd>
+</dl>
+<p>After the failure is reported, you will be placed into a debugger to
+investigate the failure if the <code>DIFECTS.debug</code> option is enabled.</p>
+<p>Assertion failure reports can be accessed at any time within the test
+execution trace provided by the <code>DIFECTS.trace()</code> method.</p>
+<h2 id="EMULATION">EMULATION</h2>
+<p>DIFECTS can emulate several popular testing libraries:</p>
+<dl>
+<dt>difects/spec</dt><dd><p><a href="http://rspec.info">RSpec</a> emulation layer</p></dd>
+<dt>difects/unit</dt><dd><p><a href="http://ruby-doc.org/stdlib/libdoc/test/unit/rdoc/classes/Test/Unit.html">Test::Unit</a> emulation layer</p></dd>
+<dt>difects/mini</dt><dd><p><a href="http://blog.zenspider.com/minitest/">Minitest</a> emulation layer</p></dd>
+<dt>difects/long</dt><dd><p>Readability emulation layer</p></dd>
+</dl>
+<p>Simply require one of these emulation layers into your test suite and you can
+write your tests using the familiar syntax of the testing library it emulates.</p>
+<h3 id="difects-spec">difects/spec</h3>
+<p>This library emulates <a href="http://rspec.info">RSpec</a> by adding the following methods to the
+<code>DIFECTS</code> module.</p>
+<dl>
+<dt><code>after</code>(<em>what</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/spec.rb#L21">lib/difects/spec.rb:21</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>before</code>(<em>what</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/spec.rb#L10">lib/difects/spec.rb:10</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>context</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects.rb#L1126">lib/difects.rb:1126</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>describe</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects.rb#L1126">lib/difects.rb:1126</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>it</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects.rb#L1126">lib/difects.rb:1126</a></p></dd>
+</dl>
+<h3 id="difects-unit">difects/unit</h3>
+<p>This library emulates <a href="http://ruby-doc.org/stdlib/libdoc/test/unit/rdoc/classes/Test/Unit.html">Test::Unit</a> by adding the following methods to the
+<code>DIFECTS</code> module.</p>
+<dl>
+<dt><code>assert</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects.rb#L1126">lib/difects.rb:1126</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>assert_empty</code>(<em>collection</em>, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L26">lib/difects/unit.rb:26</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>assert_equal</code>(<em>expected</em>, <em>actual</em>, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L31">lib/difects/unit.rb:31</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>assert_in_delta</code>(<em>expected</em>, <em>actual</em>, <em>delta</em>=nil, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L36">lib/difects/unit.rb:36</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>assert_in_epsilon</code>(<em>expected</em>, <em>actual</em>, <em>delta</em>=nil, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L36">lib/difects/unit.rb:36</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>assert_include</code>(<em>item</em>, <em>collection</em>, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L47">lib/difects/unit.rb:47</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>assert_instance_of</code>(<em>klass</em>, <em>object</em>, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L52">lib/difects/unit.rb:52</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>assert_kind_of</code>(<em>klass</em>, <em>object</em>, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L57">lib/difects/unit.rb:57</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>assert_match</code>(<em>pattern</em>, <em>string</em>, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L67">lib/difects/unit.rb:67</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>assert_nil</code>(<em>object</em>, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L62">lib/difects/unit.rb:62</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>assert_not</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects.rb#L1126">lib/difects.rb:1126</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>assert_not_empty</code>(<em>collection</em>, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L26">lib/difects/unit.rb:26</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>assert_not_equal</code>(<em>expected</em>, <em>actual</em>, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L31">lib/difects/unit.rb:31</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>assert_not_in_delta</code>(<em>expected</em>, <em>actual</em>, <em>delta</em>=nil, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L36">lib/difects/unit.rb:36</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>assert_not_in_epsilon</code>(<em>expected</em>, <em>actual</em>, <em>delta</em>=nil, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L36">lib/difects/unit.rb:36</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>assert_not_include</code>(<em>item</em>, <em>collection</em>, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L47">lib/difects/unit.rb:47</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>assert_not_instance_of</code>(<em>klass</em>, <em>object</em>, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L52">lib/difects/unit.rb:52</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>assert_not_kind_of</code>(<em>klass</em>, <em>object</em>, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L57">lib/difects/unit.rb:57</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>assert_not_match</code>(<em>pattern</em>, <em>string</em>, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L67">lib/difects/unit.rb:67</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>assert_not_nil</code>(<em>object</em>, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L62">lib/difects/unit.rb:62</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>assert_not_operator</code>(<em>object</em>, <em>operator</em>, <em>operand</em>, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L77">lib/difects/unit.rb:77</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>assert_not_raise</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L82">lib/difects/unit.rb:82</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>assert_not_respond_to</code>(<em>object</em>, <em>query</em>, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L86">lib/difects/unit.rb:86</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>assert_not_same</code>(<em>expected</em>, <em>actual</em>, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L72">lib/difects/unit.rb:72</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>assert_not_send</code>(<em>object</em>, <em>query</em>, *<em>args</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L95">lib/difects/unit.rb:95</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>assert_not_throw</code>(<em>symbol</em>, <em>message</em>=nil, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L91">lib/difects/unit.rb:91</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>assert_operator</code>(<em>object</em>, <em>operator</em>, <em>operand</em>, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L77">lib/difects/unit.rb:77</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>assert_raise</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L82">lib/difects/unit.rb:82</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>assert_respond_to</code>(<em>object</em>, <em>query</em>, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L86">lib/difects/unit.rb:86</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>assert_same</code>(<em>expected</em>, <em>actual</em>, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L72">lib/difects/unit.rb:72</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>assert_send</code>(<em>object</em>, <em>query</em>, *<em>args</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L95">lib/difects/unit.rb:95</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>assert_throw</code>(<em>symbol</em>, <em>message</em>=nil, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L91">lib/difects/unit.rb:91</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>setup</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects.rb#L1126">lib/difects.rb:1126</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>setup!</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects.rb#L1126">lib/difects.rb:1126</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>teardown</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects.rb#L1126">lib/difects.rb:1126</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>teardown!</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects.rb#L1126">lib/difects.rb:1126</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>test</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects.rb#L1126">lib/difects.rb:1126</a></p></dd>
+</dl>
+<h3 id="difects-mini">difects/mini</h3>
+<p>This library emulates <a href="http://blog.zenspider.com/minitest/">Minitest</a> by adding the following methods to the
+<code>DIFECTS</code> module.</p>
+<dl>
+<dt><code>refute</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects.rb#L1126">lib/difects.rb:1126</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>refute_empty</code>(<em>collection</em>, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L26">lib/difects/unit.rb:26</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>refute_equal</code>(<em>expected</em>, <em>actual</em>, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L31">lib/difects/unit.rb:31</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>refute_in_delta</code>(<em>expected</em>, <em>actual</em>, <em>delta</em>=nil, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L36">lib/difects/unit.rb:36</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>refute_in_epsilon</code>(<em>expected</em>, <em>actual</em>, <em>delta</em>=nil, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L36">lib/difects/unit.rb:36</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>refute_include</code>(<em>item</em>, <em>collection</em>, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L47">lib/difects/unit.rb:47</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>refute_instance_of</code>(<em>klass</em>, <em>object</em>, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L52">lib/difects/unit.rb:52</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>refute_kind_of</code>(<em>klass</em>, <em>object</em>, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L57">lib/difects/unit.rb:57</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>refute_match</code>(<em>pattern</em>, <em>string</em>, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L67">lib/difects/unit.rb:67</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>refute_nil</code>(<em>object</em>, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L62">lib/difects/unit.rb:62</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>refute_operator</code>(<em>object</em>, <em>operator</em>, <em>operand</em>, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L77">lib/difects/unit.rb:77</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>refute_raise</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L82">lib/difects/unit.rb:82</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>refute_respond_to</code>(<em>object</em>, <em>query</em>, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L86">lib/difects/unit.rb:86</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>refute_same</code>(<em>expected</em>, <em>actual</em>, <em>message</em>=nil)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L72">lib/difects/unit.rb:72</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>refute_send</code>(<em>object</em>, <em>query</em>, *<em>args</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L95">lib/difects/unit.rb:95</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>refute_throw</code>(<em>symbol</em>, <em>message</em>=nil, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects/unit.rb#L91">lib/difects/unit.rb:91</a></p></dd>
+</dl>
+<h3 id="difects-long">difects/long</h3>
+<p>This library emulates Readability by adding the following methods to the
+<code>DIFECTS</code> module.</p>
+<dl>
+<dt><code>Catch</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects.rb#L1126">lib/difects.rb:1126</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>Catch!</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects.rb#L1126">lib/difects.rb:1126</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>Catch?</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects.rb#L1126">lib/difects.rb:1126</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>Describe</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects.rb#L1126">lib/difects.rb:1126</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>Describe!</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects.rb#L1126">lib/difects.rb:1126</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>Error</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects.rb#L1126">lib/difects.rb:1126</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>Error!</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects.rb#L1126">lib/difects.rb:1126</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>Error?</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects.rb#L1126">lib/difects.rb:1126</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>False</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects.rb#L1126">lib/difects.rb:1126</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>False!</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects.rb#L1126">lib/difects.rb:1126</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>False?</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects.rb#L1126">lib/difects.rb:1126</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>Inform</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects.rb#L1126">lib/difects.rb:1126</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>Inform!</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects.rb#L1126">lib/difects.rb:1126</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>Share</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects.rb#L1126">lib/difects.rb:1126</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>Share!</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects.rb#L1126">lib/difects.rb:1126</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>Share?</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects.rb#L1126">lib/difects.rb:1126</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>True</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects.rb#L1126">lib/difects.rb:1126</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>True!</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects.rb#L1126">lib/difects.rb:1126</a></p></dd>
+<dt><code>True?</code>(*<em>args</em>, &amp;<em>block</em>)</dt><dd><p>Defined at <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/difects/tree/master/lib/difects.rb#L1126">lib/difects.rb:1126</a></p></dd>
+</dl>
+<h2 id="EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</h2>
+<p>Begin by loading DIFECTS into your program:</p>
+<pre><code>require 'rubygems' # might not be necessary; see HACKING
+require 'difects'
+</code></pre>
+<p>You now have access to the <code>DIFECTS</code> module, whose methods can be called
+directly:</p>
+<pre><code>DIFECTS.D "hello" do  # D() is a class method
+  puts "world"
+end
+</code></pre>
+<p>or mixed-in and called implicitly:</p>
+<pre><code>include DIFECTS       # mix-in the DIFECTS module
+D "hello" do          # D() is an instance method
+  puts "world"
+end
+</code></pre>
+<p>according to your preference.</p>
+<h3 id="Logging-information-in-the-execution-report">Logging information in the execution report</h3>
+<p>When the following test is run:</p>
+<pre><code>require 'difects/auto'
+D 'Wizard' do
+  I 'Preparing spell to defeat mortal foes...'
+end
+D 'Magician' do
+  I 'Preparing rabbits to pull from hat...', rand(15)
+end
+D 'Calculator' do
+  I Math::PI, [1, 2, 3, ['a', 'b', 'c']], {:foo =&gt; 'bar!'}
+end
+</code></pre>
+<p>DIFECTS will output the following:</p>
+<pre><code>---
+- Wizard:
+  - Preparing spell to defeat mortal foes...
+- Magician:
+  - Preparing rabbits to pull from hat...
+  - 14
+- Calculator:
+  - 3.141592653589793
+  - - 1
+    - 2
+    - 3
+    - - a
+      - b
+      - c
+  - foo: bar!
+---
+time: 0.002947349
+</code></pre>
+<h3 id="Sharing-code-between-tests">Sharing code between tests</h3>
+<p>When the following test is run:</p>
+<pre><code>require 'difects/auto'
+S :knowledge do
+  I 'Knowledge is power!'
+end
+D 'Healer' do
+  S :knowledge
+end
+D 'Warrior' do
+  S! :strength do
+    I 'Strength is power!'
+  end
+end
+D 'Wizard' do
+  S :knowledge
+  S :strength
+end
+D 'King' do
+  T { S? :knowledge }
+  T { S? :strength }
+  F { S? :power }
+  I 'Power is power!'
+end
+</code></pre>
+<p>DIFECTS will output the following:</p>
+<pre><code>---
+- Healer:
+  - Knowledge is power!
+- Warrior:
+  - Strength is power!
+- Wizard:
+  - Knowledge is power!
+  - Strength is power!
+- King:
+  - Power is power!
+---
+pass: 3
+time: 0.007106484
+</code></pre>
+<h3 id="Insulated-and-uninsulated-tests">Insulated and uninsulated tests</h3>
+<p>When the following test is run:</p>
+<pre><code>require 'difects/auto'
+D "a root-level test" do
+  @outside = 1
+  T { defined? @outside }
+  T { @outside == 1 }
+  D "an inner, non-insulated test" do
+    T { defined? @outside }
+    T { @outside == 1 }
+  end
+  D! "an inner, insulated test" do
+    F { defined? @outside }
+    F { @outside == 1 }
+    @inside = 2
+    T { defined? @inside }
+    T { @inside == 2 }
+  end
+  F { defined? @inside }
+  F { @inside == 2 }
+end
+</code></pre>
+<p>DIFECTS will output the following:</p>
+<pre><code>---
+- a root-level test:
+  - an inner, non-insulated test:
+  - an inner, insulated test:
+---
+pass: 10
+time: 0.007744531
+</code></pre>
+<h2 id="HACKING">HACKING</h2>
+<p>This section is meant for people who want to develop DIFECTS's source code.</p>
+<h3 id="Prerequisites">Prerequisites</h3>
+<p>Install Ruby libraries necessary for development:</p>
+<pre><code>gem install difects --development
+</code></pre>
+<h3 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h3>
+<p><a href="http://snk.tuxfamily.org/lib/inochi/">Inochi</a> serves as the project infrastructure for DIFECTS.  It handles tasks
+such as building this help manual and API documentation, and packaging,
+announcing, and publishing new releases.  See its help manual and list of
+tasks to get started:</p>
+<pre><code>inochi --help     # display help manual
+inochi --tasks    # list available tasks
+</code></pre>
+<h3 id="-LOAD_PATH-setup">$LOAD_PATH setup</h3>
+<p>Ensure that the <code>lib/</code> directory is listed in Ruby's <code>$LOAD_PATH</code> before you
+use any libraries therein or run any executables in the <code>bin/</code> directory.</p>
+<p>This can be achieved by passing an option to Ruby:</p>
+<pre><code>ruby -Ilib bin/difects
+irb -Ilib -r difects
+</code></pre>
+<p>Or by setting the <code>$RUBYLIB</code> environment variable:</p>
+<pre><code>export RUBYLIB=lib   # bash, ksh, zsh
+setenv RUBYLIB lib   # csh
+set -x RUBYLIB lib   # fish
+ruby bin/difects
+irb -r difects
+</code></pre>
+<p>Or by installing the <a href="http://github.com/chneukirchen/rup">ruby-wrapper</a> tool.</p>
+<h3 id="RubyGems-setup">RubyGems setup</h3>
+<p>If you use Ruby 1.8 or older, then ensure that RubyGems is activated before
+you use any libraries in the <code>lib/</code> directory or run any executables in the
+<code>bin/</code> directory.</p>
+<p>This can be achieved by passing an option to Ruby:</p>
+<pre><code>ruby -rubygems bin/difects
+irb -rubygems -r difects
+</code></pre>
+<p>Or by setting the <code>$RUBYOPT</code> environment variable:</p>
+<pre><code>export RUBYOPT=-rubygems   # bash, ksh, zsh
+setenv RUBYOPT -rubygems   # csh
+set -x RUBYOPT -rubygems   # fish
+</code></pre>
+<h3 id="Running-tests">Running tests</h3>
+<p>Simply execute the included test runner, which sets up Ruby's <code>$LOAD_PATH</code> for
+testing, loads the included <code>test/test_helper.rb</code> file, and then evaluates all
+<code>test/**/*_test.rb</code> files:</p>
+<pre><code>test/runner
+</code></pre>
+<p>Its exit status will indicate whether all tests have passed.  It may also
+print additional pass/fail information depending on the testing library used
+in the <code>test/test_helper.rb</code> file.</p>
+<h3 id="Contributing">Contributing</h3>
+<p>Fork this project on GitHub (see <strong>Resources</strong> above) and send a pull request.</p>
+<h2 id="VERSIONS">VERSIONS</h2>
+<p>This section contains release notes of current and past releases.</p>
+<h3 id="Version-3-0-0-2010-07-24-">Version 3.0.0 (2010-07-24)</h3>
+<p>This release renames the project to "DIFECTS", reduces cruft, improves the
+presentation and debuggability of assertion failures, and revises the manual.</p>
+<p>Thank you:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Gavin Sinclair inspired me to work on this project again!</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Incompatible changes:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Rename project from "Dfect" to "DIFECTS", which stands for:</p>
+<p><code>D</code>escribe, <code>I</code>nform, <code>F</code>alse, <code>E</code>rror, <code>C</code>atch, <code>T</code>rue, <code>S</code>hare</p></li>
+<li><p>Remove ruby-debug integration because it is only helpful if you run a
+program inside it from the very start!  That is, you cannot start
+ruby-debug in the middle of a program and expect it to know about the
+call stack that lead up to that point in the program.  Instead, we now
+use IRB to inspect program state at the point of failure only.</p></li>
+<li><p>Remove <code>--quiet</code> option because user can pipe to /dev/null instead.</p></li>
+<li><p>Rename <code>run()</code> to <code>start()</code> to better complement <code>stop()</code>.  The <code>run()</code>
+method no longer clears test results; use <code>reset()</code> for that.</p></li>
+<li><p>Rename <code>L()</code> to <code>I()</code> as in "inform" the user.</p></li>
+<li><p>Replace <code>options()</code> with <code>debug()</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p>Replace <code>report()</code> with <code>trace()</code> and <code>stats()</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p>Rename the <code>difects/full</code> library to <code>difects/long</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p>Do not report instance variables in assertion failures.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<p>New features:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Improve debuggability by tracking the bindings of all lines of code
+executed leading up to the point of failure using Ruby's
+awesome <code>set_trace_func</code> facility.</p>
+<p>This allows block-less assertions to be debugged with the same level of
+accuracy as normal block-given assertions:</p>
+<pre><code>x = 1
+y = 3
+T { x == y }  # a block-given assertion
+T x == y      # a block-less assertion
+</code></pre>
+<p>In both cases, you will be able to inspect the local variables x and y!</p></li>
+<li><p>Add <code>I!()</code> method to start the interactive debugger anywhere in your tests.</p></li>
+<li><p>Add <code>reset()</code> to manually clear previous test results.</p></li>
+<li><p>Alias <code>test()</code> to <code>D()</code> in <a href="http://ruby-doc.org/stdlib/libdoc/test/unit/rdoc/classes/Test/Unit.html">Test::Unit</a> emulation layer.</p></li>
+<li><p>Fallback to <code>pp()</code> if <code>to_yaml()</code> fails while reporting failures.</p></li>
+<li><p>Use <a href="http://rubygems.org/gems/orderedhash">OrderedHash</a> library in Ruby versions older than 1.9 for
+consistent presentation of information in assertion failures.</p></li>
+<li><p>Show full failure details before starting debugger instead of omitting
+the backtrace and local variables listing.</p></li>
+<li><p>Use PP to pretty-print variable values in failure details.</p></li>
+<li><p>Omit unavailable information from failure details.</p></li>
+<li><p>Put backtrace above code listing and variables in failure details.</p></li>
+<li><p>Prevent empty array leaf nodes in execution trace.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Bug fixes:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Make <code>DIFECTS</code> module's instance methods available as class methods.</p></li>
+<li><p>Always display fail trace before entering debugger.</p></li>
+<li><p>Always clear test execution internals after <code>start()</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p>Prevent IRB re-initialization errors when starting debugger.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Housekeeping:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Clarify how to mix-in modules inside insulated tests in the manual.</p>
+<p>Thanks to Gavin Sinclair for reporting this issue.</p></li>
+<li><p>Document methods (with hyperlinks to the location in the source code
+where they are defined) provided by emulation layers in manual.</p></li>
+<li><p>Talk about passing condition as first argument to <code>T</code> and <code>F</code> assertions
+and provide a code example in the manual.</p></li>
+<li><p>Clean up the code and revise the manual.  Yay!</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h3 id="Version-2-2-0-2010-04-28-">Version 2.2.0 (2010-04-28)</h3>
+<p>This release adds a UNIX manual page and a sub-library for full method names.</p>
+<p>New features:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Add <code>dfect/full</code> sub-library that provides full name aliases to Dfect's
+abbreviated vocabulary:</p>
+<p><code>D</code>escribe, <code>T</code>rue, <code>F</code>alse, <code>E</code>rror, <code>C</code>atch, <code>S</code>hare, and <code>L</code>og.</p></li>
+<li><p>Run <code>dfect --help</code> to see the UNIX manual page!</p></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Housekeeping:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Upgrade to Inochi 3.0.0 and revise the help manual.</li>
+</ul>
+<h3 id="Version-2-1-0-2010-03-31-">Version 2.1.0 (2010-03-31)</h3>
+<p>This release adds a command-line test runner and performs some minor
+housekeeping.</p>
+<p>New features:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Add <code>bin/dfect</code> executable as command-line interface to this library.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Housekeeping:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Do not <code>require 'rubygems'</code> before loading the "ruby-debug" library.</p></li>
+<li><p>Upgrade to Inochi 2.0.0-rc2 for managing this project.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h3 id="Version-2-0-0-2010-03-21-">Version 2.0.0 (2010-03-21)</h3>
+<p>This release adds the ability to insulate tests from each other, share code
+between them, makes the order of parameters consistent in the API, improves
+user interactivity, fixes some bugs, and revises the user manual.</p>
+<p>Incompatible changes:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Root-level calls to the <code>Dfect::D()</code>
+method are automatically insulated now.</p></li>
+<li><p>The <code>Dfect::E()</code> methods now expects its optional message
+parameter to be the <em>last parameter</em> in the parameter list.</p></li>
+<li><p>The <code>Dfect::C()</code> methods now expect their first parameter to
+be a symbol instead of the optional message to be shown in
+case of assertion failure.</p></li>
+<li><p>The <code>Dfect::R()</code> has been renamed to <code>Dfect::L()</code>,
+which is a mnemonic for "Logging".</p></li>
+<li><p>Shorten names of hash keys in the execution trace for brevity
+and rename <code>:raise</code> key in report statistics to <code>:error</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p>Only the most helpful subset of the failure details is shown before
+placing the user into a debugger because they can query the omitted
+information (on demand) inside the debugger.</p></li>
+<li><p>The execution trace is only shown if all tests passed in <code>Dfect::run()</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p>The <code>:debug</code> option is now set to Ruby's <code>$DEBUG</code> global by default.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<p>New features:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Print failures as they occur instead of waiting until the end.</p></li>
+<li><p>Allow passing condition as argument to true/false assertions instead
+of requiring the condition to be passed as a code block, and also fall
+back to the binding of inner-most enclosing test or hook when
+debugging or constructing a failure report for an assertion that was
+not given a block.</p>
+<p>This allows you to reduce "line noise" in your tests:</p>
+<pre><code>D "Lottery" do
+  winning_ticket = rand()
+  D "My chances of winning" do
+    my_ticket = rand()
+    F my_ticket == winning_ticket, "I won?!  Dream on."
+  end
+end
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Add <code>Dfect::S()</code> methods for sharing code between tests.</p></li>
+<li><p>Add <code>Dfect::D!()</code> method to explicitly insulate a test from other
+tests, the top-level Ruby environment, and the code being tested.</p></li>
+<li><p>Add <code>Dfect::info()</code> method which returns the details of
+the failure that is currently being debugged by the user.</p></li>
+<li><p>Add instance variables to the <code>:vars</code> section of a failure report.</p></li>
+<li><p>Add <code>setup!()</code> and <code>teardown!()</code> methods for before-all and
+after-all hooks in the dfect/unit emulation library.</p></li>
+<li><p>Add test execution time to statistics hash (under the <code>:time</code> key).</p></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Bug fixes:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Do not print any output when <code>:quiet</code> option is active.</p></li>
+<li><p>Allow passing multiple strings/objects to <code>Dfect::D()</code> like in RSpec.</p></li>
+<li><p>Make before and after hook methods mixin-able like assertions.</p></li>
+<li><p>Do not assume that <code>Module#to_s</code> is the same as <code>Module#name</code>.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Housekeeping:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Upgrade to Inochi 2.0.0-rc1 for managing this project.</p></li>
+<li><p>Make emulation libraries modify Dfect module instead of Kernel.</p></li>
+<li><p>Do not pollute the user's output with our <code>Class#to_yaml</code> workaround.</p></li>
+<li><p>Remove "Motivation" section from user manual.  It was too fanatic!</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h3 id="Version-1-1-0-2009-10-27-">Version 1.1.0 (2009-10-27)</h3>
+<p>This release adds a new method for emitting status messages and does some
+internal housekeeping.</p>
+<p>Thank you:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Iñaki Baz Castillo used Dfect and suggested new features.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>New features:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Add <code>Dfect::S()</code> method for adding status messages to the
+execution report.  This feature was <a href="http://github.com/sunaku/dfect/issues/1">requested
+by</a> Iñaki Baz Castillo.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Housekeeping:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Remove unused require of 'delegate' standard library in 'dfect/spec'
+RSpec emulation layer.</p></li>
+<li><p>Mention emulation layers for popular testing libraries.</p></li>
+<li><p>Mention that assertions take an optional message parameter.</p></li>
+<li><p>Replace sample unit test with Dfect test suite.</p></li>
+<li><p>Upgrade user manual to ERBook 9.0.0.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h3 id="Version-1-0-1-2009-10-07-">Version 1.0.1 (2009-10-07)</h3>
+<p>This release fixes a bug in the <a href="http://ruby-doc.org/stdlib/libdoc/test/unit/rdoc/classes/Test/Unit.html">Test::Unit</a> emulation library and revises the
+user manual.</p>
+<p>Bug fixes:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>The parameters for the <code>assert_equal()</code> method in the
+dfect/unit library were in the wrong order.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Housekeeping:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Revise user manual to better fit jQuery UI tabs.</p></li>
+<li><p>Justify the use of <code>eval()</code> in emulation libraries.</p></li>
+<li><p>Use simpler Copyright reminder at the top of every file.</p></li>
+<li><p>Make SLOC count in user manual reflect the <em>core</em> library only.</p></li>
+<li><p>Mark code spans with <code>{:lang=ruby}</code> instead of HTML <code>&lt;code/&gt;</code> tags.</p></li>
+<li><p>Open source is for fun, so <a href="http://loiclemeur.com/english/2009/03/never-criticize-your-competitors.html">be nice</a> and speak of "related works" instead of "competitors".</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h3 id="Version-1-0-0-2009-05-03-">Version 1.0.0 (2009-05-03)</h3>
+<p>This release improves default choices, adds emulation layers to mimic other
+testing libraries, and fixes some bugs.</p>
+<p>Incompatible changes:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>The <code>:debug</code> option is now enabled by default and is no longer linked to
+the value of <code>$DEBUG</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p><code>Dfect.run()</code> now appends to previous results by default.</p>
+<p>This behavior can be disabled by passing <code>false</code> to the method.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<p>New features:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Add emulation layers to mimic other testing libraries:
+<ul>
+<li>dfect/unit --- <a href="http://ruby-doc.org/stdlib/libdoc/test/unit/rdoc/classes/Test/Unit.html">Test::Unit</a></li>
+<li>dfect/mini --- <a href="http://blog.zenspider.com/minitest/">Minitest</a></li>
+<li>dfect/spec --- <a href="http://rspec.info">RSpec</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Bug fixes:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Do not blindly replace <code>Class#to_yaml</code>; it might be fixed someday.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Housekeeping:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Add "Motivation" section in user manual to promote interactive
+debugging.</p></li>
+<li><p>Add brief History of this project's inception.</p></li>
+<li><p>Remove redundant assertions for F!() and T!() methods in test suite.</p></li>
+<li><p>Add copyright notice at the top of every file.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h3 id="Version-0-1-0-2009-04-28-">Version 0.1.0 (2009-04-28)</h3>
+<p>This release adds new variations to assertion methods, fixes several bugs,
+and improves test coverage.</p>
+<p>Thank you:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>François Beausoleil contributed patches for both code <em>and</em> tests! :-)</li>
+</ul>
+<p>New features:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Added negation (m!) and sampling (m?) variations to normal assertion
+methods.  These new methods implement assertion functionality missing so
+far (previously we could not assert that a given exception was NOT thrown)
+and thereby allow us to fully test Dfect using itself.</p></li>
+<li><p>Added documentation on how to insulate tests from the global Ruby
+namespace.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Bug fixes:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>The <code>E()</code> method did not consider the case where a block does not raise
+anything as a failure. ---<em>François Beausoleil</em></p></li>
+<li><p>When creating a report about an assertion failure, an exception would be
+thrown if any local variables pointed to an empty array.</p></li>
+<li><p>The <code>Dfect::&lt;()</code> method broke the inheritance-checking behavior of the &lt;
+class method.</p>
+<p>Added a bypass to the originial behavior so that <code>RCov::XX</code> can properly
+generate a report about code that uses Dfect.</p></li>
+<li><p>Added workaround for YAML error when serializing a class object:</p>
+<pre><code>TypeError: can't dump anonymous class Class
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Housekeeping:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Filled the big holes in test coverage.  Everything except the runtime
+debugging logic is now covered by the unit tests.</li>
+</ul>
+<h3 id="Version-0-0-0-2009-04-13-">Version 0.0.0 (2009-04-13)</h3>
+<p>For the longest time, I took <a href="http://ruby-doc.org/stdlib/libdoc/test/unit/rdoc/classes/Test/Unit.html">Test::Unit</a> and <a href="http://rspec.info">RSpec</a> for granted.  They were
+the epitomy of modern Ruby practice; the insurmountable status quo;
+immortalized in books, conferences, and blogs alike.</p>
+<p>Why would <em>anyone</em> think of using anything remotely different, let alone be
+foolish enough to write an alternative testing library when these are clearly
+<em>good enough</em>?</p>
+<p>Recent experiments in assertion testing libraries smashed my world view:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="http://assert2.rubyforge.org">assert{ 2.0 }</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://github.com/ahoward/testy/tree/master">Testy</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.ruby-forum.com/topic/183354">Verify</a></li>
+</ul>
+<p>The status quo was certainly <em>not</em> "good enough", as I had so blindly
+believed all these years.  In fact, they were <em>verbose</em> behemoths that chose
+to encode endless permutations of conjecture into methods.</p>
+<p>Empowered by this revelation and inspired by <a href="http://www.ruby-forum.com/topic/183354#801895">Sean O'Halpin's musing</a> on alternative names for
+assertion methods, I rose to challenge the status quo.</p>
+<p>And so I present to you the first public release of "Dfect".</p>
+<h2 id="AUTHORS">AUTHORS</h2>
+<p>Suraj N. Kurapati</p>
+<h2 id="CREDITS">CREDITS</h2>
+<p>François Beausoleil,
+Gavin Sinclair,
+Iñaki Baz Castillo,
+Sean O'Halpin</p>
+<h2 id="LICENSE">LICENSE</h2>
+<p>(the ISC license)</p>
+<p>Copyright 2009 Suraj N. Kurapati <a href="&#x6d;&#x61;&#105;&#x6c;&#x74;&#111;&#58;&#x73;&#117;&#x6e;&#x61;&#107;&#x75;&#64;&#x67;&#x6d;&#x61;&#x69;&#108;&#46;&#99;&#111;&#109;" data-bare-link="true">&#115;&#117;&#110;&#97;&#107;&#117;&#x40;&#x67;&#x6d;&#97;&#x69;&#x6c;&#x2e;&#99;&#x6f;&#x6d;</a></p>
+<p>Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.</p>
+<p>THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.</p>
+<h2 id="SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</h2>
+<p><a href="http://assert2.rubyforge.org">assert{ 2.0 }</a>,
+<a href="http://github.com/ahoward/testy/tree/master">Testy</a>,
+<a href="http://www.ruby-forum.com/topic/183354">Verify</a></p>
+  <ol class='man-decor man-foot man foot'>
+    <li class='tl'></li>
+    <li class='tc'>July 2010</li>
+    <li class='tr'>difects(1)</li>
+  </ol>
+  </div>
+</body>
+</html>