devise-otp 0.1.1

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Files changed (83) hide show
  1. checksums.yaml +7 -0
  2. data/.gitignore +42 -0
  3. data/.travis.yml +11 -0
  4. data/Gemfile +25 -0
  5. data/LICENSE.txt +22 -0
  6. data/README.md +124 -0
  7. data/Rakefile +42 -0
  8. data/app/controllers/devise_otp/credentials_controller.rb +106 -0
  9. data/app/controllers/devise_otp/tokens_controller.rb +105 -0
  10. data/app/views/devise_otp/credentials/refresh.html.erb +20 -0
  11. data/app/views/devise_otp/credentials/show.html.erb +23 -0
  12. data/app/views/devise_otp/tokens/_token_secret.html.erb +17 -0
  13. data/app/views/devise_otp/tokens/recovery.html.erb +21 -0
  14. data/app/views/devise_otp/tokens/show.html.erb +31 -0
  15. data/config/locales/en.yml +66 -0
  16. data/devise-otp.gemspec +25 -0
  17. data/lib/devise-otp.rb +76 -0
  18. data/lib/devise-otp/version.rb +5 -0
  19. data/lib/devise_otp_authenticatable/controllers/helpers.rb +144 -0
  20. data/lib/devise_otp_authenticatable/controllers/url_helpers.rb +35 -0
  21. data/lib/devise_otp_authenticatable/engine.rb +23 -0
  22. data/lib/devise_otp_authenticatable/hooks.rb +13 -0
  23. data/lib/devise_otp_authenticatable/hooks/sessions.rb +57 -0
  24. data/lib/devise_otp_authenticatable/mapping.rb +19 -0
  25. data/lib/devise_otp_authenticatable/models/otp_authenticatable.rb +140 -0
  26. data/lib/devise_otp_authenticatable/routes.rb +30 -0
  27. data/lib/generators/active_record/devise_otp_generator.rb +13 -0
  28. data/lib/generators/active_record/templates/migration.rb +28 -0
  29. data/lib/generators/devise_otp/devise_otp_generator.rb +17 -0
  30. data/lib/generators/devise_otp/install_generator.rb +31 -0
  31. data/lib/generators/devise_otp/views_generator.rb +19 -0
  32. data/test/dummy/README.rdoc +261 -0
  33. data/test/dummy/Rakefile +7 -0
  34. data/test/dummy/app/assets/javascripts/application.js +13 -0
  35. data/test/dummy/app/assets/stylesheets/application.css +13 -0
  36. data/test/dummy/app/controllers/application_controller.rb +4 -0
  37. data/test/dummy/app/controllers/posts_controller.rb +83 -0
  38. data/test/dummy/app/helpers/application_helper.rb +2 -0
  39. data/test/dummy/app/helpers/posts_helper.rb +2 -0
  40. data/test/dummy/app/mailers/.gitkeep +0 -0
  41. data/test/dummy/app/models/post.rb +2 -0
  42. data/test/dummy/app/models/user.rb +20 -0
  43. data/test/dummy/app/views/layouts/application.html.erb +14 -0
  44. data/test/dummy/app/views/posts/_form.html.erb +25 -0
  45. data/test/dummy/app/views/posts/edit.html.erb +6 -0
  46. data/test/dummy/app/views/posts/index.html.erb +25 -0
  47. data/test/dummy/app/views/posts/new.html.erb +5 -0
  48. data/test/dummy/app/views/posts/show.html.erb +15 -0
  49. data/test/dummy/config.ru +4 -0
  50. data/test/dummy/config/application.rb +68 -0
  51. data/test/dummy/config/boot.rb +10 -0
  52. data/test/dummy/config/database.yml +25 -0
  53. data/test/dummy/config/environment.rb +5 -0
  54. data/test/dummy/config/environments/development.rb +37 -0
  55. data/test/dummy/config/environments/production.rb +73 -0
  56. data/test/dummy/config/environments/test.rb +36 -0
  57. data/test/dummy/config/initializers/backtrace_silencers.rb +7 -0
  58. data/test/dummy/config/initializers/devise.rb +253 -0
  59. data/test/dummy/config/initializers/inflections.rb +15 -0
  60. data/test/dummy/config/initializers/mime_types.rb +5 -0
  61. data/test/dummy/config/initializers/secret_token.rb +8 -0
  62. data/test/dummy/config/initializers/session_store.rb +8 -0
  63. data/test/dummy/config/initializers/wrap_parameters.rb +14 -0
  64. data/test/dummy/config/locales/en.yml +5 -0
  65. data/test/dummy/config/routes.rb +6 -0
  66. data/test/dummy/db/migrate/20130125101430_create_users.rb +9 -0
  67. data/test/dummy/db/migrate/20130131092406_add_devise_to_users.rb +53 -0
  68. data/test/dummy/db/migrate/20130131142320_create_posts.rb +10 -0
  69. data/test/dummy/db/migrate/20130131160351_devise_otp_add_to_users.rb +28 -0
  70. data/test/dummy/lib/assets/.gitkeep +0 -0
  71. data/test/dummy/public/404.html +26 -0
  72. data/test/dummy/public/422.html +26 -0
  73. data/test/dummy/public/500.html +25 -0
  74. data/test/dummy/public/favicon.ico +0 -0
  75. data/test/dummy/script/rails +6 -0
  76. data/test/integration/refresh_test.rb +92 -0
  77. data/test/integration/sign_in_test.rb +77 -0
  78. data/test/integration_tests_helper.rb +48 -0
  79. data/test/model_tests_helper.rb +22 -0
  80. data/test/models/otp_authenticatable_test.rb +116 -0
  81. data/test/orm/active_record.rb +4 -0
  82. data/test/test_helper.rb +19 -0
  83. metadata +237 -0
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
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+ module DeviseOtpAuthenticatable
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+ class Engine < ::Rails::Engine
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+
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+ ActiveSupport.on_load(:action_controller) do
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+ include DeviseOtpAuthenticatable::Controllers::UrlHelpers
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+ include DeviseOtpAuthenticatable::Controllers::Helpers
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+ end
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+ ActiveSupport.on_load(:action_view) do
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+ include DeviseOtpAuthenticatable::Controllers::UrlHelpers
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+ include DeviseOtpAuthenticatable::Controllers::Helpers
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+ end
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+
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+ # We use to_prepare instead of after_initialize here because Devise is a Rails engine;
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+ config.to_prepare do
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+ DeviseOtpAuthenticatable::Hooks.apply
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+ end
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+
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+ # extend mapping with after_initialize because is not reloaded
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+ config.after_initialize do
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+ Devise::Mapping.send :include, DeviseOtpAuthenticatable::Mapping
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+ end
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+ end
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+ end
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
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+ module DeviseOtpAuthenticatable
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+ module Hooks
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+
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+ autoload :Sessions, 'devise_otp_authenticatable/hooks/sessions.rb'
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+
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+ class << self
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+ def apply
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+ Devise::SessionsController.send(:include, Hooks::Sessions)
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+ end
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+ end
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+
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+ end
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+ end
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
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+ module DeviseOtpAuthenticatable::Hooks
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+ module Sessions
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+ extend ActiveSupport::Concern
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+ include DeviseOtpAuthenticatable::Controllers::UrlHelpers
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+
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+ included do
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+ alias_method_chain :create, :otp
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+ end
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+
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+ #
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+ # replaces Devise::SessionsController#create
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+ #
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+ def create_with_otp
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+
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+ resource = warden.authenticate!(auth_options)
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+
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+ otp_refresh_credentials_for(resource)
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+
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+ if otp_challenge_required_on?(resource)
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+ challenge = resource.generate_otp_challenge!
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+ warden.logout
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+ respond_with resource, :location => otp_credential_path_for(resource, {:challenge => challenge})
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+
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+ elsif otp_mandatory_on?(resource) # if mandatory, log in user but send him to the must activate otp
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+ set_flash_message(:notice, :signed_in_but_otp) if is_navigational_format?
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+ sign_in(resource_name, resource)
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+ respond_with resource, :location => otp_token_path_for(resource)
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+ else
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+
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+ set_flash_message(:notice, :signed_in) if is_navigational_format?
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+ sign_in(resource_name, resource)
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+ respond_with resource, :location => after_sign_in_path_for(resource)
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+ end
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+ end
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+
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+
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+ private
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+
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+ #
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+ # resource should be challenged for otp
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+ #
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+ def otp_challenge_required_on?(resource)
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+ return false unless resource.respond_to?(:otp_enabled) && resource.respond_to?(:otp_auth_secret)
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+ resource.otp_enabled && !is_otp_trusted_device_for?(resource)
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+ end
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+
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+ #
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+ # the resource -should- have otp turned on, but it isn't
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+ #
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+ def otp_mandatory_on?(resource)
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+ return true if resource.class.otp_mandatory
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+ return false unless resource.respond_to?(:otp_mandatory)
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+
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+ resource.otp_mandatory && !resource.otp_enabled
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+ end
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+ end
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+ end
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
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+ module DeviseOtpAuthenticatable
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+
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+ module Mapping
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+
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+ def self.included(base)
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+ base.alias_method_chain :default_controllers, :otp
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+ end
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+
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+ private
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+ def default_controllers_with_otp(options)
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+ options[:controllers] ||= {}
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+
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+ options[:controllers][:otp_tokens] ||= "tokens"
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+ options[:controllers][:otp_credentials] ||= "credentials"
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+
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+ default_controllers_without_otp(options)
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+ end
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+ end
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+ end
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
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+ require 'rotp'
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+
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+ module Devise::Models
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+ module OtpAuthenticatable
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+ extend ActiveSupport::Concern
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+
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+ included do
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+ before_validation :generate_otp_auth_secret, :on => :create
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+ before_validation :generate_otp_persistence_seed, :on => :create
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+ scope :with_valid_otp_challenge, lambda { |time| where('otp_challenge_expires > ?', time) }
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+ end
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+
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+ module ClassMethods
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+ ::Devise::Models.config(self, :otp_authentication_timeout, :otp_drift_window,
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+ :otp_mandatory, :otp_credentials_refresh, :otp_uri_application, :recovery_tokens)
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+
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+ def find_valid_otp_challenge(challenge)
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+ with_valid_otp_challenge(Time.now).where(:otp_session_challenge => challenge).first
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+ end
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+ end
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+
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+ def time_based_otp
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+ @time_based_otp ||= ROTP::TOTP.new(otp_auth_secret)
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+ end
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+
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+ def recovery_otp
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+ @recovery_otp ||= ROTP::HOTP.new(otp_recovery_secret)
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+ end
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+
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+ def otp_provisioning_uri
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+ time_based_otp.provisioning_uri(otp_provisioning_identifier)
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+ end
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+
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+ def otp_provisioning_identifier
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+ "#{email}/#{self.class.otp_uri_application || Rails.application.class.parent_name}"
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+ end
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+
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+
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+ def reset_otp_credentials
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+ @time_based_otp = nil
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+ @recovery_otp = nil
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+ generate_otp_auth_secret
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+ reset_otp_persistence
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+ update_columns(:otp_enabled => false, :otp_time_drift => 0,
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+ :otp_session_challenge => nil, :otp_challenge_expires => nil,
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+ :otp_recovery_counter => 0)
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+ end
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+
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+ def reset_otp_credentials!
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+ reset_otp_credentials
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+ save!
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+ end
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+
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+
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+ def reset_otp_persistence
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+ generate_otp_persistence_seed
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+ end
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+
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+ def reset_otp_persistence!
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+ reset_otp_persistence
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+ save!
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+ end
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+
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+ def generate_otp_challenge!(expires = nil)
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+ update_columns(:otp_session_challenge => SecureRandom.hex,
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+ :otp_challenge_expires => DateTime.now + (expires || self.class.otp_authentication_timeout))
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+ otp_session_challenge
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+ end
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+
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+ def otp_challenge_valid?
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+ (otp_challenge_expires.nil? || otp_challenge_expires > Time.now)
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+ end
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+
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+
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+ def validate_otp_token(token, recovery = false)
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+ if recovery
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+ validate_otp_recovery_token token
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+ else
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+ validate_otp_time_token token
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+ end
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+ end
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+ alias_method :valid_otp_token?, :validate_otp_token
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+
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+ def validate_otp_time_token(token)
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+ if drift = validate_otp_token_with_drift(token)
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+ update_column(:otp_time_drift, drift)
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+ true
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+ else
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+ false
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+ end
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+ end
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+ alias_method :valid_otp_time_token?, :validate_otp_time_token
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+
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+ def next_otp_recovery_tokens(number = 5)
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+ (otp_recovery_counter..otp_recovery_counter + number).inject({}) do |h, index|
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+ h[index] = recovery_otp.at(index)
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+ h
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+ end
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+ end
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+
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+ def validate_otp_recovery_token(token)
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+ token = token.to_i unless token.is_a?(Fixnum)
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+ recovery_otp.verify(token, otp_recovery_counter).tap do
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+ self.otp_recovery_counter += 1
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+ save!
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+ end
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+ end
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+ alias_method :valid_otp_recovery_token?, :validate_otp_recovery_token
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+ private
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+
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+ #
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+ # refactor me, I suck
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+ #
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+ def validate_otp_token_with_drift(token)
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+ # valid_vals << ROTP::TOTP.new(otp_auth_secret).at(Time.now)
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+ token = token.to_i unless token.is_a?(Fixnum)
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+
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+ # should be centered around saved drift
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+ (-self.class.otp_drift_window..self.class.otp_drift_window).each do |drift|
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+ return drift if(time_based_otp.verify(token, Time.now.ago(30 * drift)))
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+ end
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+ false
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+ end
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+
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+ def generate_otp_persistence_seed
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+ self.otp_persistence_seed = SecureRandom.hex
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+ end
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+
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+ def generate_otp_auth_secret
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+ self.otp_auth_secret = ROTP::Base32.random_base32
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+ self.otp_recovery_secret = ROTP::Base32.random_base32
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+ end
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+
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+ end
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+ end
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
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+ module ActionDispatch::Routing
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+ class Mapper
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+
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+
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+ protected
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+ #########
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+
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+ def devise_otp(mapping, controllers)
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+
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+ namespace :otp, :module => :devise_otp do
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+ resource :token, :only => [:show, :update, :destroy],
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+ :path => mapping.path_names[:token], :controller => controllers[:otp_tokens] do
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+
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+ get :persistence, :action => 'get_persistence'
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+ post :persistence, :action => 'clear_persistence'
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+ delete :persistence, :action => 'delete_persistence'
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+
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+ get :recovery
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+ end
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+
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+ resource :credential, :only => [:show, :update],
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+ :path => mapping.path_names[:credentials], :controller => controllers[:otp_credentials] do
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+
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+ get :refresh, :action => 'get_refresh'
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+ put :refresh, :action => 'set_refresh'
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+ end
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+ end
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+ end
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+ end
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+ end
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
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+ require 'rails/generators/active_record'
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+
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+ module ActiveRecord
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+ module Generators
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+ class DeviseOtpGenerator < ActiveRecord::Generators::Base
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+ source_root File.expand_path("../templates", __FILE__)
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+
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+ def copy_devise_migration
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+ migration_template "migration.rb", "db/migrate/devise_otp_add_to_#{table_name}"
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+ end
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+ end
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+ end
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+ end
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
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+ class DeviseOtpAddTo<%= table_name.camelize %> < ActiveRecord::Migration
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+ def self.up
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+ change_table :<%= table_name %> do |t|
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+ t.string :otp_auth_secret
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+ t.string :otp_recovery_secret
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+ t.boolean :otp_enabled, :default => false, :null => false
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+ t.boolean :otp_mandatory, :default => false, :null => false
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+ t.datetime :otp_enabled_on
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+ t.integer :otp_time_drift, :default => 0, :null => false
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+ t.integer :otp_failed_attempts, :default => 0, :null => false
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+ t.integer :otp_recovery_counter, :default => 0, :null => false
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+ t.string :otp_persistence_seed
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+
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+ t.string :otp_session_challenge
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+ t.datetime :otp_challenge_expires
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+ end
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+ add_index :<%= table_name %>, :otp_session_challenge, :unique => true
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+ add_index :<%= table_name %>, :otp_challenge_expires
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+ end
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+
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+ def self.down
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+ change_table :<%= table_name %> do |t|
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+ t.remove :otp_auth_secret, :otp_recovery_secret, :otp_enabled, :otp_mandatory, :otp_enabled_on, :otp_session_challenge,
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+ :otp_challenge_expires, :otp_time_drift, :otp_failed_attempts, :otp_recovery_counter, :otp_persistence_seed
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+
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+ end
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+ end
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+ end
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
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+ module DeviseOtp
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+ module Generators
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+ class DeviseOtpGenerator < Rails::Generators::NamedBase
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+
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+ namespace "devise_otp"
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+
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+ desc "Add :otp_authenticatable directive in the given model, plus accessors. Also generate migration for ActiveRecord"
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+
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+ def inject_devise_otp_content
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+ path = File.join("app","models","#{file_path}.rb")
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+ inject_into_file(path, "otp_authenticatable, :", :after => "devise :") if File.exists?(path)
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+ end
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+
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+ hook_for :orm
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+ end
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+ end
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+ end
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
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+ module DeviseOtp
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+ module Generators # :nodoc:
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+ # Install Generator
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+ class InstallGenerator < Rails::Generators::Base
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+ source_root File.expand_path("../../templates", __FILE__)
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+
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+ desc "Install the devise OTP authentication extension"
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+
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+ def add_configs
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+
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+ content = <<-CONTENT
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+
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+ # ==> Devise OTP Extension
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+ # Configure OTP extension for devise
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+
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+ # How long should the user have to enter their token. To change the default, uncomment and change the below:
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+ #config.otp_authentication_timeout = 3.minutes
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+
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+ # Change time drift settings for valid token values. To change the default, uncomment and change the below:
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+ #config.otp_authentication_time_drift = 3
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+ CONTENT
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+
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+ inject_into_file "config/initializers/devise.rb", content, :before => /end[ |\n|]+\Z/
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+ end
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+
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+ def copy_locale
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+ copy_file "../../../config/locales/en.yml", "config/locales/devise.otp.en.yml"
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+ end
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+ end
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+ end
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+ end
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
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+ require 'generators/devise/views_generator'
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+
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+ module DeviseOtp
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+ module Generators
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+ class ViewsGenerator < Rails::Generators::Base
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+ desc 'Copies all Devise OTP views to your application.'
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+
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+ argument :scope, :required => false, :default => nil,
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+ :desc => "The scope to copy views to"
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+
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+ include ::Devise::Generators::ViewPathTemplates
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+ source_root File.expand_path("../../../../app/views/devise_otp", __FILE__)
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+ def copy_views
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+ view_directory :credentials, 'app/views/devise_otp/credentials'
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+ view_directory :tokens, 'app/views/devise_otp/tokens'
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+ end
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+ end
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+ end
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+ end
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
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+ == Welcome to Rails
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+
3
+ Rails is a web-application framework that includes everything needed to create
4
+ database-backed web applications according to the Model-View-Control pattern.
5
+
6
+ This pattern splits the view (also called the presentation) into "dumb"
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+ templates that are primarily responsible for inserting pre-built data in between
8
+ HTML tags. The model contains the "smart" domain objects (such as Account,
9
+ Product, Person, Post) that holds all the business logic and knows how to
10
+ persist themselves to a database. The controller handles the incoming requests
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+ (such as Save New Account, Update Product, Show Post) by manipulating the model
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+ and directing data to the view.
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+
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+ In Rails, the model is handled by what's called an object-relational mapping
15
+ layer entitled Active Record. This layer allows you to present the data from
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+ database rows as objects and embellish these data objects with business logic
17
+ methods. You can read more about Active Record in
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+ link:files/vendor/rails/activerecord/README.html.
19
+
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+ The controller and view are handled by the Action Pack, which handles both
21
+ layers by its two parts: Action View and Action Controller. These two layers
22
+ are bundled in a single package due to their heavy interdependence. This is
23
+ unlike the relationship between the Active Record and Action Pack that is much
24
+ more separate. Each of these packages can be used independently outside of
25
+ Rails. You can read more about Action Pack in
26
+ link:files/vendor/rails/actionpack/README.html.
27
+
28
+
29
+ == Getting Started
30
+
31
+ 1. At the command prompt, create a new Rails application:
32
+ <tt>rails new myapp</tt> (where <tt>myapp</tt> is the application name)
33
+
34
+ 2. Change directory to <tt>myapp</tt> and start the web server:
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+ <tt>cd myapp; rails server</tt> (run with --help for options)
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+
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+ 3. Go to http://localhost:3000/ and you'll see:
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+ "Welcome aboard: You're riding Ruby on Rails!"
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+
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+ 4. Follow the guidelines to start developing your application. You can find
41
+ the following resources handy:
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+
43
+ * The Getting Started Guide: http://guides.rubyonrails.org/getting_started.html
44
+ * Ruby on Rails Tutorial Book: http://www.railstutorial.org/
45
+
46
+
47
+ == Debugging Rails
48
+
49
+ Sometimes your application goes wrong. Fortunately there are a lot of tools that
50
+ will help you debug it and get it back on the rails.
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+
52
+ First area to check is the application log files. Have "tail -f" commands
53
+ running on the server.log and development.log. Rails will automatically display
54
+ debugging and runtime information to these files. Debugging info will also be
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+ shown in the browser on requests from 127.0.0.1.
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+
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+ You can also log your own messages directly into the log file from your code
58
+ using the Ruby logger class from inside your controllers. Example:
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+
60
+ class WeblogController < ActionController::Base
61
+ def destroy
62
+ @weblog = Weblog.find(params[:id])
63
+ @weblog.destroy
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+ logger.info("#{Time.now} Destroyed Weblog ID ##{@weblog.id}!")
65
+ end
66
+ end
67
+
68
+ The result will be a message in your log file along the lines of:
69
+
70
+ Mon Oct 08 14:22:29 +1000 2007 Destroyed Weblog ID #1!
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+
72
+ More information on how to use the logger is at http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/
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+
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+ Also, Ruby documentation can be found at http://www.ruby-lang.org/. There are
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+ several books available online as well:
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+
77
+ * Programming Ruby: http://www.ruby-doc.org/docs/ProgrammingRuby/ (Pickaxe)
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+ * Learn to Program: http://pine.fm/LearnToProgram/ (a beginners guide)
79
+
80
+ These two books will bring you up to speed on the Ruby language and also on
81
+ programming in general.
82
+
83
+
84
+ == Debugger
85
+
86
+ Debugger support is available through the debugger command when you start your
87
+ Mongrel or WEBrick server with --debugger. This means that you can break out of
88
+ execution at any point in the code, investigate and change the model, and then,
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+ resume execution! You need to install ruby-debug to run the server in debugging
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+ mode. With gems, use <tt>sudo gem install ruby-debug</tt>. Example:
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+
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+ class WeblogController < ActionController::Base
93
+ def index
94
+ @posts = Post.all
95
+ debugger
96
+ end
97
+ end
98
+
99
+ So the controller will accept the action, run the first line, then present you
100
+ with a IRB prompt in the server window. Here you can do things like:
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+
102
+ >> @posts.inspect
103
+ => "[#<Post:0x14a6be8
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+ @attributes={"title"=>nil, "body"=>nil, "id"=>"1"}>,
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+ #<Post:0x14a6620
106
+ @attributes={"title"=>"Rails", "body"=>"Only ten..", "id"=>"2"}>]"
107
+ >> @posts.first.title = "hello from a debugger"
108
+ => "hello from a debugger"
109
+
110
+ ...and even better, you can examine how your runtime objects actually work:
111
+
112
+ >> f = @posts.first
113
+ => #<Post:0x13630c4 @attributes={"title"=>nil, "body"=>nil, "id"=>"1"}>
114
+ >> f.
115
+ Display all 152 possibilities? (y or n)
116
+
117
+ Finally, when you're ready to resume execution, you can enter "cont".
118
+
119
+
120
+ == Console
121
+
122
+ The console is a Ruby shell, which allows you to interact with your
123
+ application's domain model. Here you'll have all parts of the application
124
+ configured, just like it is when the application is running. You can inspect
125
+ domain models, change values, and save to the database. Starting the script
126
+ without arguments will launch it in the development environment.
127
+
128
+ To start the console, run <tt>rails console</tt> from the application
129
+ directory.
130
+
131
+ Options:
132
+
133
+ * Passing the <tt>-s, --sandbox</tt> argument will rollback any modifications
134
+ made to the database.
135
+ * Passing an environment name as an argument will load the corresponding
136
+ environment. Example: <tt>rails console production</tt>.
137
+
138
+ To reload your controllers and models after launching the console run
139
+ <tt>reload!</tt>
140
+
141
+ More information about irb can be found at:
142
+ link:http://www.rubycentral.org/pickaxe/irb.html
143
+
144
+
145
+ == dbconsole
146
+
147
+ You can go to the command line of your database directly through <tt>rails
148
+ dbconsole</tt>. You would be connected to the database with the credentials
149
+ defined in database.yml. Starting the script without arguments will connect you
150
+ to the development database. Passing an argument will connect you to a different
151
+ database, like <tt>rails dbconsole production</tt>. Currently works for MySQL,
152
+ PostgreSQL and SQLite 3.
153
+
154
+ == Description of Contents
155
+
156
+ The default directory structure of a generated Ruby on Rails application:
157
+
158
+ |-- app
159
+ | |-- assets
160
+ | |-- images
161
+ | |-- javascripts
162
+ | `-- stylesheets
163
+ | |-- controllers
164
+ | |-- helpers
165
+ | |-- mailers
166
+ | |-- models
167
+ | `-- views
168
+ | `-- layouts
169
+ |-- config
170
+ | |-- environments
171
+ | |-- initializers
172
+ | `-- locales
173
+ |-- db
174
+ |-- doc
175
+ |-- lib
176
+ | `-- tasks
177
+ |-- log
178
+ |-- public
179
+ |-- script
180
+ |-- test
181
+ | |-- fixtures
182
+ | |-- functional
183
+ | |-- integration
184
+ | |-- performance
185
+ | `-- unit
186
+ |-- tmp
187
+ | |-- cache
188
+ | |-- pids
189
+ | |-- sessions
190
+ | `-- sockets
191
+ `-- vendor
192
+ |-- assets
193
+ `-- stylesheets
194
+ `-- plugins
195
+
196
+ app
197
+ Holds all the code that's specific to this particular application.
198
+
199
+ app/assets
200
+ Contains subdirectories for images, stylesheets, and JavaScript files.
201
+
202
+ app/controllers
203
+ Holds controllers that should be named like weblogs_controller.rb for
204
+ automated URL mapping. All controllers should descend from
205
+ ApplicationController which itself descends from ActionController::Base.
206
+
207
+ app/models
208
+ Holds models that should be named like post.rb. Models descend from
209
+ ActiveRecord::Base by default.
210
+
211
+ app/views
212
+ Holds the template files for the view that should be named like
213
+ weblogs/index.html.erb for the WeblogsController#index action. All views use
214
+ eRuby syntax by default.
215
+
216
+ app/views/layouts
217
+ Holds the template files for layouts to be used with views. This models the
218
+ common header/footer method of wrapping views. In your views, define a layout
219
+ using the <tt>layout :default</tt> and create a file named default.html.erb.
220
+ Inside default.html.erb, call <% yield %> to render the view using this
221
+ layout.
222
+
223
+ app/helpers
224
+ Holds view helpers that should be named like weblogs_helper.rb. These are
225
+ generated for you automatically when using generators for controllers.
226
+ Helpers can be used to wrap functionality for your views into methods.
227
+
228
+ config
229
+ Configuration files for the Rails environment, the routing map, the database,
230
+ and other dependencies.
231
+
232
+ db
233
+ Contains the database schema in schema.rb. db/migrate contains all the
234
+ sequence of Migrations for your schema.
235
+
236
+ doc
237
+ This directory is where your application documentation will be stored when
238
+ generated using <tt>rake doc:app</tt>
239
+
240
+ lib
241
+ Application specific libraries. Basically, any kind of custom code that
242
+ doesn't belong under controllers, models, or helpers. This directory is in
243
+ the load path.
244
+
245
+ public
246
+ The directory available for the web server. Also contains the dispatchers and the
247
+ default HTML files. This should be set as the DOCUMENT_ROOT of your web
248
+ server.
249
+
250
+ script
251
+ Helper scripts for automation and generation.
252
+
253
+ test
254
+ Unit and functional tests along with fixtures. When using the rails generate
255
+ command, template test files will be generated for you and placed in this
256
+ directory.
257
+
258
+ vendor
259
+ External libraries that the application depends on. Also includes the plugins
260
+ subdirectory. If the app has frozen rails, those gems also go here, under
261
+ vendor/rails/. This directory is in the load path.