desiru 0.1.1 → 0.2.0

data/lib/desiru/optimizers/mipro_v2.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,889 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require 'json'
+
+module Desiru
+  module Optimizers
+    # MIPROv2 - Multi-objective Instruction Prompt Optimization v2
+    # Uses Bayesian optimization to optimize prompts and demonstrations across multiple objectives
+    class MIPROv2 < Base
+      attr_reader :optimization_history, :pareto_frontier, :trace_collector
+
+      def initialize(metric: :exact_match, objectives: nil, **config)
+        super(metric: metric, **config)
+        @objectives = normalize_objectives(objectives || [metric])
+        @optimization_history = []
+        @pareto_frontier = []
+        @gaussian_process = GaussianProcess.new
+        @acquisition_function = config[:acquisition_function] || :expected_improvement
+        @trace_collector = config[:trace_collector] || Core.trace_collector
+        @instruction_candidates = []
+        @demonstration_candidates = []
+      end
+
+      def compile(program, trainset:, valset: nil)
+        trace_optimization('Starting MIPROv2 optimization', {
+                             trainset_size: trainset.size,
+                             valset_size: valset&.size || 0,
+                             objectives: @objectives.map(&:to_s),
+                             config: config
+                           })
+
+        begin
+          # Initialize optimization state
+          @current_program = deep_copy_program(program)
+          @trainset = trainset
+          @valset = valset || trainset
+          @iteration = 0
+
+          # Clear trace collector for fresh optimization
+          @trace_collector.clear if config[:clear_traces]
+
+          # Enable tracing on all modules
+          enable_program_tracing(@current_program)
+
+          # Run Bayesian optimization loop
+          while @iteration < config[:max_iterations] && !should_stop?
+            @iteration += 1
+            trace_optimization("Iteration #{@iteration}", { phase: 'start' })
+
+            # Generate candidates using acquisition function
+            candidates = generate_candidates
+
+            # Evaluate candidates
+            evaluated_candidates = evaluate_candidates(candidates)
+
+            # Update Gaussian Process with results
+            update_gaussian_process(evaluated_candidates)
+
+            # Update Pareto frontier for multi-objective optimization
+            update_pareto_frontier(evaluated_candidates)
+
+            # Select best candidate
+            best_candidate = select_best_candidate(evaluated_candidates)
+
+            # Apply best candidate to program
+            apply_candidate(@current_program, best_candidate) if best_candidate
+
+            # Log iteration results - always log even if no best candidate
+            if best_candidate
+              log_iteration_results(best_candidate, evaluated_candidates)
+            elsif evaluated_candidates.any?
+              # Log with the first candidate if no best found
+              log_iteration_results(evaluated_candidates.first, evaluated_candidates)
+            end
+          end
+
+          # Restore trace state
+          disable_program_tracing(@current_program) if config[:restore_trace_state]
+
+          # Return optimized program
+          @current_program
+        rescue StandardError => e
+          trace_optimization('Optimization failed', { error: e.message, backtrace: e.backtrace.first(3) })
+          begin
+            disable_program_tracing(@current_program) if config[:restore_trace_state]
+          rescue StandardError
+            nil
+          end
+
+          # Return original program on error
+          program
+        ensure
+          # Always disable tracing at the end if enabled
+          begin
+            disable_program_tracing(@current_program) if config[:restore_trace_state]
+          rescue StandardError
+            nil
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      def optimize_module(module_instance, examples)
+        trace_optimization('Optimizing module with MIPROv2', {
+                             module: module_instance.class.name,
+                             examples_count: examples.size
+                           })
+
+        # Generate instruction variants
+        instruction_variants = generate_instruction_variants(module_instance, examples)
+
+        # Generate demonstration sets
+        demo_sets = generate_demonstration_sets(module_instance, examples)
+
+        # Evaluate all combinations
+        best_config = nil
+        best_score = -Float::INFINITY
+
+        instruction_variants.each do |instruction|
+          demo_sets.each do |demos|
+            score = evaluate_module_config(module_instance, instruction, demos, examples)
+
+            if score > best_score
+              best_score = score
+              best_config = { instruction: instruction, demos: demos }
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Create optimized module
+        optimized = module_instance.with_demos(best_config[:demos])
+        optimized.instruction = best_config[:instruction] if optimized.respond_to?(:instruction=)
+
+        optimized
+      end
+
+      def generate_instruction_variants(module_instance, _examples)
+        # Generate different instruction styles
+        signature = module_instance.signature
+        [
+          generate_instruction(signature, 'concise', 0.2),
+          generate_instruction(signature, 'detailed', 0.5),
+          generate_instruction(signature, 'step-by-step', 0.8)
+        ]
+      end
+
+      def generate_demonstration_sets(_module_instance, examples)
+        return [[]] if examples.empty?
+
+        # Generate different demo sets
+        sets = []
+
+        # Empty set
+        sets << []
+
+        # Random subset
+        [1, 2, 3].each do |count|
+          break if count > examples.size
+
+          sets << examples.sample(count)
+        end
+
+        # Diverse set
+        sets << select_diverse_demonstrations(examples, [examples.size, 3].min, Random.new) if examples.size > 1
+
+        sets
+      end
+
+      def evaluate_module_config(module_instance, instruction, demos, examples)
+        # Simple evaluation - could be enhanced
+        test_module = module_instance.with_demos(demos)
+
+        test_module.instruction = instruction if test_module.respond_to?(:instruction=) && instruction
+
+        # Evaluate on subset of examples
+        eval_examples = examples.sample([examples.size, 5].min)
+        scores = eval_examples.map do |ex|
+          # Extract inputs (exclude answer/output fields)
+          inputs = {}
+          ex.to_h.each do |k, v|
+            inputs[k] = v unless %i[answer output].include?(k)
+          end
+
+          result = test_module.call(inputs)
+          score_prediction(result, ex)
+        rescue StandardError
+          0.0
+        end
+
+        scores.empty? ? 0.0 : scores.sum.to_f / scores.size
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def normalize_objectives(objectives)
+        objectives.map { |obj| normalize_metric(obj) }
+      end
+
+      def generate_candidates
+        trace_optimization("Generating candidates", {
+                             iteration: @iteration,
+                             acquisition_function: @acquisition_function
+                           })
+
+        # Use Gaussian Process to guide candidate generation
+        if @optimization_history.empty?
+          # Initial random sampling
+          generate_random_candidates(config[:num_candidates])
+        else
+          # Use acquisition function to generate candidates
+          generate_guided_candidates(config[:num_candidates])
+        end
+      end
+
+      def generate_random_candidates(num)
+        (1..num).map do |i|
+          {
+            id: "random_#{@iteration}_#{i}",
+            instruction_seed: rand,
+            demo_seed: rand,
+            temperature: 0.1 + (rand * 0.8),
+            demo_count: rand(1..config[:max_bootstrapped_demos]),
+            instruction_style: %w[concise detailed step-by-step].sample,
+            demo_selection: %w[random diverse similar].sample
+          }
+        end
+      end
+
+      def generate_guided_candidates(num)
+        candidates = []
+
+        # Get best performers from history
+        best_historical = @optimization_history
+                          .sort_by { |h| -h[:scores].values.sum }
+                          .first(5)
+
+        # Generate variations of best performers
+        best_historical.each do |hist|
+          next unless hist[:candidate] # Skip if no candidate
+
+          2.times do
+            candidate = mutate_candidate(hist[:candidate])
+            candidates << candidate
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Fill remaining slots with acquisition function-guided candidates
+        while candidates.size < num
+          candidate = generate_acquisition_candidate
+          candidates << candidate
+        end
+
+        candidates.first(num)
+      end
+
+      def mutate_candidate(base_candidate)
+        return generate_random_candidates(1).first if base_candidate.nil?
+
+        mutated = base_candidate.dup
+        mutated[:id] = "mutated_#{@iteration}_#{rand(1000)}"
+
+        # Mutate parameters with small variations
+        mutated[:instruction_seed] = constrain((base_candidate[:instruction_seed] || rand) + gaussian_noise(0.1), 0, 1)
+        mutated[:demo_seed] = constrain((base_candidate[:demo_seed] || rand) + gaussian_noise(0.1), 0, 1)
+        mutated[:temperature] = constrain((base_candidate[:temperature] || 0.5) + gaussian_noise(0.05), 0.1, 0.9)
+        mutated[:demo_count] = constrain(
+          (base_candidate[:demo_count] || 2) + gaussian_noise(0.5).round,
+          1,
+          config[:max_bootstrapped_demos]
+        )
+
+        mutated
+      end
+
+      def generate_acquisition_candidate
+        # Use acquisition function to find promising regions
+        best_point = optimize_acquisition_function
+
+        {
+          id: "acquisition_#{@iteration}_#{rand(1000)}",
+          instruction_seed: best_point[0],
+          demo_seed: best_point[1],
+          temperature: best_point[2],
+          demo_count: best_point[3].round.clamp(1, config[:max_bootstrapped_demos]),
+          instruction_style: select_instruction_style(best_point[0]),
+          demo_selection: select_demo_strategy(best_point[1])
+        }
+      end
+
+      def evaluate_candidates(candidates)
+        trace_optimization("Evaluating #{candidates.size} candidates", {})
+
+        candidates.map do |candidate|
+          # Validate candidate has required fields
+          next unless candidate.is_a?(Hash) && candidate[:id]
+
+          # Apply candidate configuration to program
+          test_program = deep_copy_program(@current_program)
+          apply_candidate(test_program, candidate)
+
+          # Evaluate on validation set
+          scores = evaluate_multi_objective(test_program, @valset)
+
+          # Collect traces for this candidate
+          candidate_traces = collect_candidate_traces(candidate[:id])
+
+          {
+            candidate: candidate,
+            scores: scores,
+            traces: candidate_traces,
+            timestamp: Time.now
+          }
+        rescue StandardError => e
+          trace_optimization("Candidate evaluation failed", {
+                               candidate_id: candidate[:id] || 'unknown',
+                               error: e.message
+                             })
+          {
+            candidate: candidate,
+            scores: {},
+            traces: [],
+            timestamp: Time.now,
+            error: e.message
+          }
+        end.compact
+      end
+
+      def evaluate_multi_objective(program, dataset)
+        scores = {}
+
+        @objectives.each do |objective|
+          evaluator = create_evaluator(objective)
+          result = evaluator.evaluate(program, dataset)
+          scores[objective] = result[:average_score]
+        end
+
+        scores
+      end
+
+      def create_evaluator(objective)
+        # Create a temporary evaluator for each objective
+        self.class.superclass.new(metric: objective, config: config)
+      end
+
+      def update_gaussian_process(evaluated_candidates)
+        # Convert candidates to feature vectors
+        evaluated_candidates.each do |eval|
+          features = candidate_to_features(eval[:candidate])
+          # For multi-objective, use scalarized score
+          score = scalarize_objectives(eval[:scores])
+          @gaussian_process.add_observation(features, score)
+        end
+
+        @gaussian_process.update
+      end
+
+      def candidate_to_features(candidate)
+        [
+          candidate[:instruction_seed],
+          candidate[:demo_seed],
+          candidate[:temperature],
+          candidate[:demo_count].to_f / config[:max_bootstrapped_demos]
+        ]
+      end
+
+      def scalarize_objectives(scores)
+        # Simple weighted sum - could be improved with user preferences
+        weights = @objectives.map { 1.0 / @objectives.size }
+        scores.values.zip(weights).map { |s, w| (s || 0) * w }.sum
+      end
+
+      def update_pareto_frontier(evaluated_candidates)
+        # Add new candidates to frontier
+        evaluated_candidates.each do |eval|
+          @pareto_frontier << eval
+        end
+
+        # Remove dominated solutions
+        @pareto_frontier = compute_pareto_frontier(@pareto_frontier)
+
+        trace_optimization("Updated Pareto frontier", {
+                             size: @pareto_frontier.size,
+                             best_scores: @pareto_frontier.first(3).map { |e| e[:scores] }
+                           })
+      end
+
+      def compute_pareto_frontier(candidates)
+        frontier = []
+
+        candidates.each do |candidate|
+          dominated = false
+
+          candidates.each do |other|
+            next if candidate == other
+
+            if dominates?(other[:scores], candidate[:scores])
+              dominated = true
+              break
+            end
+          end
+
+          frontier << candidate unless dominated
+        end
+
+        frontier
+      end
+
+      def dominates?(scores1, scores2)
+        # For minimization objectives, flip the comparison
+        at_least_one_better = false
+
+        @objectives.each do |obj|
+          # Handle nil scores
+          score1 = scores1[obj] || 0
+          score2 = scores2[obj] || 0
+
+          return false if score1 < score2
+
+          at_least_one_better = true if score1 > score2
+        end
+
+        at_least_one_better
+      end
+
+      def select_best_candidate(evaluated_candidates)
+        return nil if evaluated_candidates.empty?
+
+        # Filter out candidates with nil scores
+        valid_candidates = evaluated_candidates.reject { |c| c[:scores].nil? || c[:scores].empty? }
+        return nil if valid_candidates.empty?
+
+        # For single objective, pick best
+        if @objectives.size == 1
+          valid_candidates.max_by { |e| e[:scores][@objectives.first] || 0 }
+        else
+          # For multi-objective, pick from Pareto frontier based on preferences
+          # Filter valid candidates from frontier
+          valid_frontier = @pareto_frontier.reject { |c| c[:scores].nil? || c[:scores].empty? }
+          return nil if valid_frontier.empty?
+
+          valid_frontier.max_by { |e| scalarize_objectives(e[:scores]) }
+        end
+      end
+
+      def apply_candidate(program, candidate)
+        return unless candidate
+
+        # Apply instruction modifications
+        apply_instruction_changes(program, candidate)
+
+        # Apply demonstration selection
+        apply_demonstration_changes(program, candidate)
+
+        # Store candidate configuration in program metadata
+        return unless program.respond_to?(:metadata=)
+
+        program.metadata[:mipro_config] = candidate
+      end
+
+      def apply_instruction_changes(program, candidate)
+        modules = extract_program_modules(program)
+
+        modules.each_value do |mod|
+          next unless mod.respond_to?(:signature)
+
+          # Generate instruction based on candidate parameters
+          instruction = generate_instruction(
+            mod.signature,
+            candidate[:instruction_style],
+            candidate[:instruction_seed]
+          )
+
+          # Apply if module supports custom instructions
+          mod.instruction = instruction if mod.respond_to?(:instruction=)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def apply_demonstration_changes(program, candidate)
+        modules = extract_program_modules(program)
+
+        modules.each_value do |mod|
+          # Select demonstrations based on candidate strategy
+          demos = select_demonstrations(
+            mod,
+            @trainset,
+            candidate[:demo_count],
+            candidate[:demo_selection],
+            candidate[:demo_seed]
+          )
+
+          # Apply demonstrations
+          optimized_module = mod.with_demos(demos)
+          update_program_module(program, mod, optimized_module)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def generate_instruction(signature, style, seed)
+        # Use seed for reproducibility
+        seed ||= rand # Fallback if seed is nil
+        Random.new((seed * 1_000_000).to_i)
+
+        # Handle both string and Signature object
+        if signature.is_a?(String)
+          # Parse signature string to extract input/output fields
+          parts = signature.split('->').map(&:strip)
+          return signature unless parts.size == 2
+
+          input_fields = parts[0].split(',').map(&:strip).map { |f| f.split(':').first.strip }
+          output_fields = parts[1].split(',').map(&:strip).map { |f| f.split(':').first.strip }
+
+        # Fallback for simple signatures
+
+        else
+          # It's a Signature object
+          input_fields = signature.input_fields.keys
+          output_fields = signature.output_fields.keys
+        end
+
+        base_instruction = signature.to_s
+        style ||= 'concise' # Default style if nil
+
+        case style
+        when 'concise'
+          "Given #{input_fields.join(', ')}, output #{output_fields.join(', ')}."
+        when 'detailed'
+          if signature.is_a?(String)
+            "Process the following inputs: #{input_fields.join(', ')}. " \
+              "Generate these outputs: #{output_fields.join(', ')}. Be thorough and accurate."
+          else
+            input_desc = signature.input_fields.map { |k, f| "#{k} (#{f.type})" }.join(', ')
+            output_desc = signature.output_fields.map { |k, f| "#{k} (#{f.type})" }.join(', ')
+            "Process the following inputs: #{input_desc}. " \
+              "Generate these outputs: #{output_desc}. Be thorough and accurate."
+          end
+        when 'step-by-step'
+          "Follow these steps:\n" \
+          "1. Analyze the inputs: #{input_fields.join(', ')}\n" \
+          "2. Process the information carefully\n" \
+          "3. Generate outputs: #{output_fields.join(', ')}"
+        else
+          base_instruction
+        end
+      end
+
+      def select_demonstrations(module_instance, examples, count, strategy, seed)
+        count ||= 0 # Default count if nil
+        return [] if count.zero? || examples.empty?
+
+        # Use seed for reproducibility
+        seed ||= rand # Fallback if seed is nil
+        rng = Random.new((seed * 1_000_000).to_i)
+        available = examples.dup
+
+        case strategy
+        when 'random'
+          available.sample(count, random: rng)
+        when 'diverse'
+          select_diverse_demonstrations(available, count, rng)
+        when 'similar'
+          select_similar_demonstrations(module_instance, available, count, rng)
+        else
+          available.first(count)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def select_diverse_demonstrations(examples, count, rng)
+        selected = []
+        remaining = examples.shuffle(random: rng)
+
+        while selected.size < count && remaining.any?
+          # Add most different from current selection
+          best_candidate = remaining.max_by do |ex|
+            min_distance_to_selected(ex, selected)
+          end
+
+          selected << best_candidate
+          remaining.delete(best_candidate)
+        end
+
+        selected
+      end
+
+      def select_similar_demonstrations(_module_instance, examples, count, rng)
+        # Group by similarity and select representatives
+        clusters = cluster_examples(examples, count)
+        clusters.map { |cluster| cluster.sample(random: rng) }.compact.first(count)
+      end
+
+      def min_distance_to_selected(example, selected)
+        return Float::INFINITY if selected.empty?
+
+        selected.map { |sel| example_distance(example, sel) }.min
+      end
+
+      def example_distance(ex1, ex2)
+        # Simple distance based on shared keys and values
+        keys1 = ex1.keys.to_set
+        keys2 = ex2.keys.to_set
+
+        shared_keys = keys1 & keys2
+        return 1.0 if shared_keys.empty?
+
+        differences = shared_keys.count { |k| ex1[k] != ex2[k] }
+        differences.to_f / shared_keys.size
+      end
+
+      def cluster_examples(examples, num_clusters)
+        # Simple clustering - could be improved with k-means
+        return [examples] if num_clusters == 1
+
+        clusters = Array.new(num_clusters) { [] }
+        examples.each_with_index do |ex, i|
+          clusters[i % num_clusters] << ex
+        end
+
+        clusters.reject(&:empty?)
+      end
+
+      def collect_candidate_traces(candidate_id)
+        # Filter traces that occurred during this candidate's evaluation
+        @trace_collector.traces.select do |trace|
+          trace.metadata[:candidate_id] == candidate_id
+        end
+      end
+
+      def log_iteration_results(best_candidate, all_candidates)
+        @optimization_history << {
+          iteration: @iteration,
+          best_candidate: best_candidate[:candidate],
+          scores: best_candidate[:scores] || {},
+          all_scores: all_candidates.map { |c| c[:scores] || {} },
+          pareto_size: @pareto_frontier.size,
+          timestamp: Time.now
+        }
+
+        trace_optimization("Iteration #{@iteration} complete", {
+                             best_scores: best_candidate[:scores] || {},
+                             candidates_evaluated: all_candidates.size,
+                             traces_collected: @trace_collector.size
+                           })
+      end
+
+      def should_stop?
+        return true if @iteration >= config[:max_iterations]
+
+        # Check if we've reached target performance
+        if @optimization_history.any?
+          best_score = @optimization_history.last[:scores].values.max
+          return true if best_score >= config[:stop_at_score]
+        end
+
+        # Check for convergence
+        if @optimization_history.size >= 5
+          recent_scores = @optimization_history.last(5).map { |h| h[:scores].values.max }
+          variance = statistical_variance(recent_scores)
+          return true if variance < config[:convergence_threshold]
+        end
+
+        false
+      end
+
+      def statistical_variance(values)
+        mean = values.sum.to_f / values.size
+        values.map { |v| (v - mean)**2 }.sum / values.size
+      end
+
+      def deep_copy_program(program)
+        # This needs proper implementation based on program structure
+        # For now, just return the program as optimizers typically create new modules
+        program
+      end
+
+      def extract_program_modules(program)
+        modules = {}
+
+        # Check instance variables
+        program.instance_variables.each do |var|
+          value = program.instance_variable_get(var)
+          modules[var.to_s.delete('@').to_sym] = value if value.is_a?(Desiru::Module)
+        end
+
+        # Check if program has a modules method
+        if program.respond_to?(:modules)
+          program.modules.each do |name, mod|
+            modules[name] = mod if mod.is_a?(Desiru::Module)
+          end
+        end
+
+        modules
+      end
+
+      def update_program_module(program, old_module, new_module)
+        # Update instance variable if it matches
+        program.instance_variables.each do |var|
+          value = program.instance_variable_get(var)
+          program.instance_variable_set(var, new_module) if value == old_module
+        end
+
+        # Update in modules hash if program supports it
+        return unless program.respond_to?(:modules) && program.modules.is_a?(Hash)
+
+        program.modules.each do |name, mod|
+          program.modules[name] = new_module if mod == old_module
+        end
+      end
+
+      def enable_program_tracing(program)
+        modules = extract_program_modules(program)
+        modules.each_value do |mod|
+          mod.enable_trace! if mod.respond_to?(:enable_trace!)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def disable_program_tracing(program)
+        modules = extract_program_modules(program)
+        modules.each_value do |mod|
+          mod.disable_trace! if mod.respond_to?(:disable_trace!)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def optimize_acquisition_function
+        # Simple grid search - could be improved with gradient-based optimization
+        best_point = nil
+        best_value = -Float::INFINITY
+
+        10.times do
+          point = [rand, rand, 0.1 + (rand * 0.8), rand * config[:max_bootstrapped_demos]]
+          value = compute_acquisition_value(point)
+
+          if value > best_value
+            best_value = value
+            best_point = point
+          end
+        end
+
+        best_point
+      end
+
+      def compute_acquisition_value(point)
+        case @acquisition_function
+        when :expected_improvement
+          expected_improvement(point)
+        when :upper_confidence_bound
+          upper_confidence_bound(point)
+        else
+          @gaussian_process.predict(point)[:mean]
+        end
+      end
+
+      def expected_improvement(point)
+        prediction = @gaussian_process.predict(point)
+        mean = prediction[:mean]
+        std = prediction[:std]
+
+        return 0.0 if std.zero?
+
+        best_so_far = @optimization_history.map { |h| scalarize_objectives(h[:scores]) }.max || 0
+        z = (mean - best_so_far) / std
+
+        # EI = (mean - best) * CDF(z) + std * PDF(z)
+        ((mean - best_so_far) * standard_normal_cdf(z)) + (std * standard_normal_pdf(z))
+      rescue StandardError => e
+        trace_optimization("Expected improvement calculation failed", { error: e.message })
+        0.0 # Return 0 on error
+      end
+
+      def upper_confidence_bound(point, beta = 2.0)
+        prediction = @gaussian_process.predict(point)
+        prediction[:mean] + (beta * prediction[:std])
+      end
+
+      def standard_normal_pdf(value)
+        Math.exp(-0.5 * (value**2)) / Math.sqrt(2 * Math::PI)
+      end
+
+      def standard_normal_cdf(value)
+        0.5 * (1 + Math.erf(value / Math.sqrt(2)))
+      end
+
+      def gaussian_noise(std_dev)
+        # Box-Muller transform for Gaussian noise
+        u1 = rand
+        u2 = rand
+        Math.sqrt(-2 * Math.log(u1)) * Math.cos(2 * Math::PI * u2) * std_dev
+      end
+
+      def constrain(value, min, max)
+        value.clamp(min, max)
+      end
+
+      def select_instruction_style(seed)
+        styles = %w[concise detailed step-by-step]
+        styles[(seed * styles.size).to_i]
+      end
+
+      def select_demo_strategy(seed)
+        strategies = %w[random diverse similar]
+        strategies[(seed * strategies.size).to_i]
+      end
+
+      def default_config
+        super.merge({
+                      max_iterations: 20,
+                      num_candidates: 8,
+                      convergence_threshold: 0.001,
+                      clear_traces: true,
+                      restore_trace_state: true,
+                      acquisition_function: :expected_improvement,
+                      max_bootstrapped_demos: 3
+                    })
+      end
+
+      # Simplified Gaussian Process implementation without matrix library
+      class GaussianProcess
+        def initialize(kernel = :rbf, length_scale = 1.0, noise = 0.1)
+          @kernel = kernel
+          @length_scale = length_scale
+          @noise = noise
+          @observations = []
+          @trained = false
+        end
+
+        def add_observation(features, value)
+          @observations << { features: features, value: value }
+          @trained = false
+        end
+
+        def update
+          # Simplified update - just mark as trained
+          @trained = !@observations.empty?
+        rescue StandardError => e
+          Desiru.logger&.warn("Gaussian Process update failed: #{e.message}")
+          @trained = false
+        end
+
+        def predict(features)
+          return { mean: 0.0, std: 1.0 } unless @trained && !@observations.empty?
+
+          # Simplified prediction using weighted average based on kernel similarity
+          weights = @observations.map do |obs|
+            kernel_function(features, obs[:features])
+          end
+
+          total_weight = weights.sum
+          return { mean: 0.0, std: 1.0 } if total_weight.zero?
+
+          # Normalize weights
+          weights = weights.map { |w| w / total_weight }
+
+          # Compute weighted mean
+          mean = @observations.zip(weights).map { |obs, w| obs[:value] * w }.sum
+
+          # Compute weighted variance for uncertainty
+          variance = @observations.zip(weights).map do |obs, w|
+            w * ((obs[:value] - mean)**2)
+          end.sum
+
+          std = Math.sqrt([variance + @noise, 0].max)
+
+          { mean: mean, std: std }
+        rescue StandardError => e
+          Desiru.logger&.warn("Gaussian Process prediction failed: #{e.message}")
+          { mean: 0.0, std: 1.0 }
+        end
+
+        private
+
+        def kernel_function(features1, features2)
+          # Only RBF kernel supported for now
+          rbf_kernel(features1, features2)
+        end
+
+        def rbf_kernel(features1, features2)
+          # Radial Basis Function kernel
+          distance = euclidean_distance(features1, features2)
+          Math.exp(-0.5 * ((distance / @length_scale)**2))
+        end
+
+        def euclidean_distance(features1, features2)
+          Math.sqrt(features1.zip(features2).map { |a, b| (a - b)**2 }.sum)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+# Register in the main module namespace for convenience
+module Desiru
+  MIPROv2 = Optimizers::MIPROv2
+end