denko-piboard 0.13.2 → 0.15.0

data/board_maps/radxa_zero3.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+#
+# Tested on Radxa Zero 3W, running Armbian, Kernel 6.1.75-vendor-rk35xx
+#
+# Note: Overlays are not packaged with Armbian for some reason. Hopefully this changes soon,
+# but I've built the .dtbo files for the kernel given above, and made them available here:
+#   https://github.com/vickash/linux-sbc-overlays/tree/master/radxa/rockchip
+# To use them, save all the .dtbo files into:
+#   /boot/dtb/rockchip/overlay
+#
+---
+pins:
+  # Left side (odd numbered)
+  # PIN 1 is 3V3
+  32: { phy: 3, chip: 1, line: 0 }
+  33: { phy: 5, chip: 1, line: 1 }
+  116: { phy: 7, chip: 3, line: 20 }
+  # PIN 9 is GND
+  97: { phy: 11, chip: 3, line: 1 }
+  98: { phy: 13, chip: 3, line: 2 }
+  104: { phy: 15, chip: 3, line: 8 }
+  # PIN 17 is 3V3
+  147: { phy: 19, chip: 4, line: 19 }
+  149: { phy: 21, chip: 4, line: 21 }
+  146: { phy: 23, chip: 4, line: 18 }
+  # PIN 25 is GND
+  138: { phy: 27, chip: 4, line: 10 }
+  107: { phy: 29, chip: 3, line: 11 }
+  108: { phy: 31, chip: 3, line: 12 }
+  115: { phy: 33, chip: 3, line: 19 }
+  100: { phy: 35, chip: 3, line: 4 }
+  36: { phy: 37, chip: 1, line: 4 }
+  # PIN 39 is GND
+
+  # Right side (even numbered)
+  # PIN 2 is 5V
+  # PIN 4 is 5V
+  # PIN 6 is GND
+  24: { phy: 8, chip: 0, line: 24 }
+  25: { phy: 10, chip: 0, line: 25 }
+  99: { phy: 12, chip: 3, line: 3 }
+  # PIN 14 is GND
+  105: { phy: 16, chip: 3, line: 9 }
+  106: { phy: 18, chip: 3, line: 10 }
+  # PIN 20 is GND
+  113: { phy: 22, chip: 3, line: 17 }
+  150: { phy: 24, chip: 4, line: 22 }
+  # PIN 26 is NC
+  139: { phy: 28, chip: 4, line: 11 }
+  # PIN 30 is GND
+  114: { phy: 32, chip: 3, line: 18 }
+  # PIN 34 is GND
+  103: { phy: 36, chip: 3, line: 7 }
+  102: { phy: 38, chip: 3, line: 6 }
+  101: { phy: 40, chip: 3, line: 5 }
+
+pwms:
+  #
+  # Add to overlays= line in /boot/amrbianEnv.txt
+  #   pwm8-m0 pwm9-m0
+  105:
+    pwmchip: 0
+    channel: 0
+    overlay: pwm8-m0
+  106:
+    pwmchip: 1
+    channel: 0
+    overlay: pwm9-m0
+
+i2cs:
+  #
+  # Add to overlays= line in /boot/amrbianEnv.txt
+  #   i2c3-m0
+  3:
+    scl: 33
+    sda: 32
+    reserved_addresses: [0x22]
+    overlay: i2c3-m0
+
+spis:
+  #
+  # Add to overlays= line in /boot/amrbianEnv.txt
+  #   ispi3-m1-cs0-spidev
+  3:
+    clk: 146
+    mosi: 147
+    miso: 149
+    cs0: 150
+    overlay: spi3-m1-cs0-spidev

data/board_maps/raspberry_pi.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#
+# Tested on:
+#   - Raspberry Pi 4B with Raspberry Pi OS, Kernel 6.6.47
+#   - Raspberry Pi Zero W, with Raspberry Pi OS, Kernel 6.6.51
+#
+# Should work for all 40-pin Raspberry Pi models on this OS,
+# EXCEPT Raspberry Pi 5.
+#
+---
+pins:
+  # Left side (odd numbered physical pins)
+  # PIN 1 is 3V3
+  2: { phy: 3, chip: 0, line: 2 }
+  3: { phy: 5, chip: 0, line: 3 }
+  4: { phy: 7, chip: 0, line: 4 }
+  # PIN 9 is GND
+  17: { phy: 11, chip: 0, line: 17 }
+  27: { phy: 13, chip: 0, line: 27 }
+  22: { phy: 15, chip: 0, line: 22 }
+  # PIN 17 is 3V3
+  10: { phy: 19, chip: 0, line: 10 }
+  9: { phy: 21, chip: 0, line: 9 }
+  11: { phy: 23, chip: 0, line: 11 }
+  # PIN 25 is GND
+  0: { phy: 27, chip: 0, line: 0 }
+  5: { phy: 29, chip: 0, line: 5 }
+  6: { phy: 31, chip: 0, line: 6 }
+  13: { phy: 33, chip: 0, line: 13 }
+  19: { phy: 35, chip: 0, line: 19 }
+  26: { phy: 37, chip: 0, line: 26 }
+  # PIN 39 is GND
+
+  # Right side (even numbered physical pins)
+  # PIN 2 is 5V
+  # PIN 4 is 5V
+  # PIN 6 is GND
+  14: { phy: 8, chip: 0, line: 14 }
+  15: { phy: 10, chip: 0, line: 15 }
+  18: { phy: 12, chip: 0, line: 18 }
+  # PIN 14 is GND
+  23: { phy: 16, chip: 0, line: 23 }
+  24: { phy: 18, chip: 0, line: 24 }
+  # PIN 20 is GND
+  25: { phy: 22, chip: 0, line: 25 }
+  8: { phy: 24, chip: 0, line: 8 }
+  7: { phy: 6, chip: 0, line: 7 }
+  1: { phy: 28, chip: 0, line: 1 }
+  # PIN 30 is GND
+  12: { phy: 32, chip: 0, line: 12 }
+  # PIN 34 is GND
+  16: { phy: 36, chip: 0, line: 16 }
+  20: { phy: 38, chip: 0, line: 20 }
+  21: { phy: 40, chip: 0, line: 21 }
+
+pwms:
+  #
+  # To enable in /boot/config.txt:
+  #   dtoverlay=pwm-2chan,pin=12,func=4,pin2=13,func2=4
+  12:
+    pwmchip: 0
+    channel: 0
+  13:
+    pwmchip: 0
+    channel: 1
+
+i2cs:
+  #
+  # To enable in /boot/config.txt:
+  #   dtparam=i2c_arm=on
+  #   dtparam=i2c_arm_baudrate=400000
+  1:
+    scl: 3
+    sda: 2
+
+spis:
+  #
+  # To enable in /boot/config.txt:
+  #   dtoverlay=spi0-0cs
+  0:
+    clk: 11
+    mosi: 10
+    miso: 9
+    # cs0: 8 # only if using dtoverlay=spi0-1cs or dtoverlay=spi0-2cs
+    # cs1: 7 # only if using dtoverlay=spi0-2cs
+
+  #
+  # To enable in /boot/config.txt:
+  #   dtoverlay=spi1-1cs
+  # 1:
+    # clk: 21
+    # mosi: 20
+    # miso: 19
+    # cs0: 18
+    # cs1: 17 # only if using dtoverlay=spi1-2cs or dtoverlay=spi1-3cs
+    # cs2: 16 # only if using dtoverlay=spi1-3cs

data/board_maps/raspberry_pi5.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#
+# This is based on Rasperry Pi documentation, but UNTESTED in hardware.
+# It should work for the Raspberry Pi 5.
+#   - GPIO line numbers are same as older Pis, but the gpiochip has changed from 0 to 4.
+#   - dtparam/dtoverlay for PWM, I2C and SPI are all unchanged, based on info from:
+#       https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/blob/master/boot/overlays/README
+#   - Expected to work on current Raspberry Pi OS.
+#
+---
+pins:
+  # Left side (odd numbered physical pins)
+  # PIN 1 is 3V3
+  2: { phy: 3, chip: 4, line: 2 }
+  3: { phy: 5, chip: 4, line: 3 }
+  4: { phy: 7, chip: 4, line: 4 }
+  # PIN 9 is GND
+  17: { phy: 11, chip: 4, line: 17 }
+  27: { phy: 13, chip: 4, line: 27 }
+  22: { phy: 15, chip: 4, line: 22 }
+  # PIN 17 is 3V3
+  10: { phy: 19, chip: 4, line: 10 }
+  9: { phy: 21, chip: 4, line: 9 }
+  11: { phy: 23, chip: 4, line: 11 }
+  # PIN 25 is GND
+  0: { phy: 27, chip: 4, line: 0 }
+  5: { phy: 29, chip: 4, line: 5 }
+  6: { phy: 31, chip: 4, line: 6 }
+  13: { phy: 33, chip: 4, line: 13 }
+  19: { phy: 35, chip: 4, line: 19 }
+  26: { phy: 37, chip: 4, line: 26 }
+  # PIN 39 is GND
+
+  # Right side (even numbered physical pins)
+  # PIN 2 is 5V
+  # PIN 4 is 5V
+  # PIN 6 is GND
+  14: { phy: 8, chip: 4, line: 14 }
+  15: { phy: 10, chip: 4, line: 15 }
+  18: { phy: 12, chip: 4, line: 18 }
+  # PIN 14 is GND
+  23: { phy: 16, chip: 4, line: 23 }
+  24: { phy: 18, chip: 4, line: 24 }
+  # PIN 20 is GND
+  25: { phy: 22, chip: 4, line: 25 }
+  8: { phy: 24, chip: 4, line: 8 }
+  7: { phy: 6, chip: 4, line: 7 }
+  1: { phy: 28, chip: 4, line: 1 }
+  # PIN 30 is GND
+  12: { phy: 32, chip: 4, line: 12 }
+  # PIN 34 is GND
+  16: { phy: 36, chip: 4, line: 16 }
+  20: { phy: 38, chip: 4, line: 20 }
+  21: { phy: 40, chip: 4, line: 21 }
+
+pwms:
+  #
+  # To enable in /boot/config.txt:
+  #   dtoverlay=pwm-2chan,pin=12,func=4,pin2=13,func2=4
+  12:
+    pwmchip: 0
+    channel: 0
+  13:
+    pwmchip: 0
+    channel: 1
+
+i2cs:
+  #
+  # To enable in /boot/config.txt:
+  #   dtparam=i2c_arm=on
+  #   dtparam=i2c_arm_baudrate=400000
+  1:
+    scl: 3
+    sda: 2
+
+spis:
+  #
+  # To enable in /boot/config.txt:
+  #   dtoverlay=spi0-0cs
+  0:
+    clk: 11
+    mosi: 10
+    miso: 9
+    # cs0: 8 # only if using dtoverlay=spi0-1cs or dtoverlay=spi0-2cs
+    # cs1: 7 # only if using dtoverlay=spi0-2cs
+
+  #
+  # To enable in /boot/config.txt:
+  #   dtoverlay=spi1-1cs
+  # 1:
+    # clk: 21
+    # mosi: 20
+    # miso: 19
+    # cs0: 18
+    # cs1: 17 # only if using dtoverlay=spi1-2cs or dtoverlay=spi1-3cs
+    # cs2: 16 # only if using dtoverlay=spi1-3cs

data/denko_piboard.gemspec

@@ -4,18 +4,17 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |s|
   s.name        = 'denko-piboard'
   s.version     = Denko::PiBoard::VERSION
   s.licenses    = ['MIT']
-  s.summary     = "Use Raspberry Pi built-in GPIO as a Board class with the denko gem"
-  s.description = "Denko::PiBoard is a drop-in replacement for Denko::Board. Use denko features and component classes to be used directly on a Raspberry Pi."
+  s.summary     = "Linux SBC GPIO in Ruby"
+  s.description = "Use Linux single-board-computer GPIO, I2C, SPI and PWM in Ruby"
 
   s.authors     = ["vickash"]
   s.email       = 'mail@vickash.com'
   s.files       =  Dir['**/*'].reject { |f| f.match /.gem\z/}
   s.homepage    = 'https://github.com/denko-rb/denko-piboard'
   s.metadata    = { "source_code_uri" => "https://github.com/denko-rb/denko-piboard" }
-  
-  # libgpio C extension
-  s.extensions = %w[ext/gpiod/extconf.rb]
 
-  s.add_dependency 'pigpio', '~> 0.1.12'
-  s.add_dependency 'denko',  '~> 0.13'
+  s.required_ruby_version = '>=3'
+
+  s.add_dependency 'lgpio',  '~> 0.1'
+  s.add_dependency 'denko',  '~> 0.15'
 end

data/examples/digital_io/bench_out.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+require 'denko/piboard'
+
+PIN       = 272
+COUNT     = 1000000
+
+board = Denko::PiBoard.new
+output = Denko::DigitalIO::Output.new(board: board, pin: PIN)
+
+t1 = Time.now
+COUNT.times do
+  # If bit-banging in Ruby, this is the level to work at.
+  board.digital_write(PIN, 1)
+  board.digital_write(PIN, 0)
+
+  # These methods set output.state on every call (slower).
+  # output.high
+  # output.low
+end
+t2 = Time.now
+board.finish_write
+
+puts "Toggles per second: #{COUNT.to_f / (t2 - t1).to_f}"

data/examples/digital_io/rotary_encoder.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#
+# WARNING: This performs significantly better when used with a PiBoard instance
+# (Linux SBC), compared to a Board instance (attached microcontroller),
+# but still might not be perfect.
+#
+require 'denko/piboard'
+
+PIN_A     = 260
+PIN_B     = 76
+
+board = Denko::PiBoard.new
+encoder = Denko::DigitalIO::RotaryEncoder.new board: board,
+                                              pins: { a: PIN_A, b: PIN_B },
+                                              divider: 1,                 # Default. Applies only to Board. Read pin every 1ms.
+                                              debounce_time: 1,           # Default. Applies only to PiBoard. Debounce filter set to 1 microsecond.
+                                              counts_per_revolution: 60   # Default
+
+# Reverse direction if needed.
+# encoder.reverse
+
+# Reset angle and count to 0.
+encoder.reset
+
+encoder.add_callback do |state|
+  change_printable = state[:change].to_s
+  change_printable = "+#{change_printable}" if state[:change] > 0
+
+  puts "Encoder Change: #{change_printable} | Count: #{state[:count]} | Angle: #{state[:angle]}\xC2\xB0"
+end
+
+sleep

data/examples/display/ssd1306.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#
+# Use SSD1306 OLED, over I2C or SPI.
+#
+require 'denko/piboard'
+
+board = Denko::PiBoard.new
+
+# Use the first hardware I2C interface.
+i2c_index = board.map[:i2cs].keys.first
+bus       = Denko::I2C::Bus.new(board: board, index: i2c_index)
+#
+# Or a bit-bang I2C interface.
+# bus = Denko::I2C::BitBang.new(board: board, pins: {scl: 228, sda: 270})
+
+# Use the first hardware SPI interface, and its defined :cs0 pin.
+# spi_index   = board.map[:spis].keys.first
+# chip_select = board.map[:spis][spi_index][:cs0]
+# bus         = Denko::SPI::Bus.new(board: board, index: spi_index)
+#
+# Or a bit-bang SPI interface.
+# bus = Denko::SPI::BitBang.new(board: board, pins: {clock: 228, output: 270})
+
+# I2C OLED, connected to I2C SDA and SCL.
+oled = Denko::Display::SSD1306.new(bus: bus, rotate: true) # address: 0x3C is default
+
+# SPI OLED, connected to SPI CLK and MOSI pins.
+# select: and dc: pins must be given. reset is optional (can be pulled high instead).
+# oled = Denko::Display::SSD1306.new(bus: bus, pins: {reset: 259, dc: 260, select: chip_select}, rotate: true)
+
+# Transformation features in hardware.
+# oled.reflect_x
+# oled.reflect_y
+oled.rotate
+
+# Draw some text on the OLED's canvas (a Ruby memory buffer).
+canvas = oled.canvas
+baseline = 42
+canvas.text_cursor = 27, baseline+15
+canvas.text "Hello World!"
+
+# Add some shapes to the canvas.
+canvas.rectangle  x: 10, y: baseline,    w: 30, h: -30
+canvas.circle     x: 66, y: baseline-15, r: 15
+canvas.triangle   x1: 87,   y1: baseline,
+                  x2: 117,  y2: baseline,
+                  x3: 102,  y3: baseline-30
+
+# 1px border to test screen edges.
+canvas.rectangle x1: 0, y1: 0, x2: canvas.x_max, y2: canvas.y_max
+
+# Send the canvas to the OLED's graphics RAM so it shows.
+oled.draw
+board.finish_write

data/examples/i2c/bitbang_aht10.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#
+# AHT10 sensor over bit-banged I2C.
+#
+require 'denko/piboard'
+require_relative '../sensor/neat_tph_readings'
+
+SCL   = 228
+SDA   = 270
+board = Denko::PiBoard.new
+bus   = Denko::I2C::BitBang.new(board: board, pins: {scl: SCL, sda: SDA})
+aht10 = Denko::Sensor::AHT10.new(bus: bus) # address: 0x38 default
+
+# Poll it and print readings.
+aht10.poll(5) do |reading|
+  print_tph_reading(reading)
+end
+
+sleep

data/examples/i2c/bitbang_search.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#
+# Search for connected devices on a bit-bang I2C bus.
+#
+require 'denko/piboard'
+
+SCL   = 228
+SDA   = 270
+board = Denko::PiBoard.new
+bus   = Denko::I2C::BitBang.new(board: board, pins: {scl: SCL, sda: SDA})
+
+bus.search
+
+if bus.found_devices.empty?
+  puts "No devices found on I2C bus"
+else
+  puts "I2C device addresses found:"
+  bus.found_devices.each do |address|
+    # Print as hexadecimal.
+    puts "0x#{address.to_s(16).upcase}"
+  end
+end
+
+puts
+board.finish_write

data/examples/i2c/bitbang_ssd1306_bench.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+require 'denko/piboard'
+
+START_ARRAY = [0, 33, 0, 127, 34, 0, 7]
+PATTERN_1   = [64] + Array.new(1024) { 0b00110011 }
+PATTERN_2   = [64] + Array.new(1024) { 0b11001100 }
+
+SCL   = 228
+SDA   = 270
+board = Denko::PiBoard.new
+bus   = Denko::I2C::BitBang.new(board: board, pins: {scl: SCL, sda: SDA})
+oled  = Denko::Display::SSD1306.new(bus: bus, rotate: true)
+
+FRAME_COUNT = 400
+start = Time.now
+(FRAME_COUNT / 2).times do
+  oled.i2c_write(START_ARRAY)
+  oled.i2c_write(PATTERN_1)
+  oled.i2c_write(START_ARRAY)
+  oled.i2c_write(PATTERN_2)
+end
+board.finish_write
+finish = Time.now
+
+fps = FRAME_COUNT / (finish - start)
+# Also calculate C calls per second, using roughly 23 calls per byte written.
+cps = (START_ARRAY.length + ((PATTERN_1.length + PATTERN_2.length) / 2) + 2) * 23 * fps
+cps = (cps / 1000.0).round
+
+puts "SSD1306 benchmark result: #{fps.round(2)} fps | #{cps}k C calls/s"

data/examples/i2c/search.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#
+# Search for connected devices on a hardware I2C bus.
+#
+require 'denko/piboard'
+
+board = Denko::PiBoard.new
+# Use the first hardware I2C interface.
+i2c_index = board.map[:i2cs].keys.first
+bus       = Denko::I2C::Bus.new(board: board, index: i2c_index)
+
+bus.search
+
+if bus.found_devices.empty?
+  puts "No devices found on I2C bus"
+else
+  puts "I2C device addresses found:"
+  bus.found_devices.each do |address|
+    # Print as hexadecimal.
+    puts "0x#{address.to_s(16).upcase}"
+  end
+end
+
+puts
+board.finish_write

data/examples/led/blink.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+require 'denko/piboard'
+
+PIN = 272
+
+board = Denko::PiBoard.new
+led = Denko::LED.new(board: board, pin: PIN)
+
+led.blink 0.5
+
+sleep

data/examples/led/fade.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+require 'denko/piboard'
+
+# Either a regular GPIO (uses software PWM) or a GPIO with a hardware PWM channel.
+PIN = 226
+
+board = Denko::PiBoard.new
+led = Denko::LED.new(board: board, pin: PIN)
+
+5.times do
+  led.on
+  sleep 0.2
+  led.off
+  sleep 0.2
+end
+
+# Seamless loop from 0-100 and back.
+values = (0..100).to_a + (1..99).to_a.reverse
+
+values.cycle do |v|
+  led.duty = v
+  sleep 0.020
+end

data/examples/led/ws2812_bounce.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#
+# Walk a single pixel along the length of a WS2812 strip and back,
+# changing color each time it returns to position 0.
+#
+require 'denko/piboard'
+
+RED    = [255, 0, 0]
+GREEN  = [0, 255, 0]
+BLUE   = [0, 0, 255]
+WHITE  = [255, 255, 255]
+COLORS = [RED, GREEN, BLUE, WHITE]
+
+PIXELS = 8
+
+# Move along the strip and back, one pixel at a time.
+positions = (0..PIXELS-1).to_a + (1..PIXELS-2).to_a.reverse
+
+board = Denko::PiBoard.new
+
+# On PiBoard, WS2812 must use a hardware Denko::SPI instance as its "board",
+# and always outputs on its MOSI pin. Use the first hardware SPI interface.
+spi_index = board.map[:spis].keys.first
+mosi      = board.map[:spis][spi_index][:mosi]
+bus       = Denko::SPI::Bus.new(board: board, index: spi_index)
+strip     = Denko::LED::WS2812.new(board: bus, pin: mosi, length: PIXELS)
+
+loop do
+  COLORS.each do |color|
+    positions.each do |index|
+      strip.clear
+      strip[index] = color
+      strip.show
+      sleep 0.05
+    end
+  end
+end

data/examples/motor/servo.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#
+# Use a servo motor on a hardware PWM pin. Should raise an error
+# if the GPIO given does not have a hardware PWM channel multiplexed.
+#
+require 'denko/piboard'
+
+# Must be assigned to a hardware PWM channel in your board map.
+PIN = 226
+
+board = Denko::PiBoard.new
+servo = Denko::Motor::Servo.new(board: board, pin: PIN)
+
+[0, 90, 180, 90].cycle do |angle|
+  servo.position = angle
+  sleep 0.5
+end

data/examples/pi_system_monitor.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #
 # This example uses an SSD1306 OLED display, connected to the Pi's I2C1 interface.
 # I2C1 pins are GPIO2 (SDA) and GPIO3 (SCL).
-# 
+#
 # CPU usage is measured using `mpstat`. To install it:
 #     sudo apt install sysstat
 #
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@ require 'denko/piboard'
 BAR_ELEMENT = [0x00, 0x7E, 0x7E, 0x7E, 0x00]
 
 board = Denko::PiBoard.new
-i2c = Denko::I2C::Bus.new(board: board, pin: :SDA)
+# Use the first hardware I2C interface.
+i2c_index = board.map[:i2cs].keys.first
+i2c       = Denko::I2C::Bus.new(board: board, index: i2c_index)
 
 oled = Denko::Display::SSD1306.new(bus: i2c, rotate: true)
 canvas = oled.canvas
@@ -39,14 +41,14 @@ loop do
   # CPU Usage (automatically delays for 1 second)
   mpstat_result = `mpstat -P ALL 1 1 | awk '/^Average:/ && ++count == 2 {print 100 - $12"%"}'`
   cpu_percent = mpstat_result.chop.to_f
-  
+
   canvas.clear
   canvas.text_cursor = [0, 16]
   canvas.print "CPU Usage:  #{('%.3f' % cpu_percent).rjust(8, ' ')}%"
-  
+
   canvas.text_cursor = [0, 24]
   (cpu_percent / 4).ceil.times { canvas.raw_char(BAR_ELEMENT) }
-  
+
   # RAM Usage
   ram_string = `free -h | awk 'NR==2 {print $3}'`
   ram_usage = ram_string.to_i
@@ -54,14 +56,14 @@ loop do
   canvas.text_cursor = [0, 40]
   ram_string = "#{ram_usage}/#{total_ram}M"
   canvas.print "RAM Usage:#{ram_string.rjust(11, ' ')}"
-  
+
   canvas.text_cursor = [0, 48]
   (ram_usage / ram_bar_factor).ceil.times { canvas.raw_char(BAR_ELEMENT) }
-  
+
   # Date and time just before write.
   canvas.text_cursor = [0,0]
   canvas.print(Time.now.strftime('%a %b %d %-l:%M %p'))
-  
+
   # Only refresh the area in use.
   oled.draw(0, 127, 0, 56)
 end

data/examples/pulse_io/buzzer.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#
+# Play a melody on a piezoelectric buzzer using (hardware) PWM.
+# Will use software PWM if given a regular GPIO, but not as good as good.
+#
+require 'denko/piboard'
+
+PIN = 227
+
+board = Denko::PiBoard.new
+buzzer = Denko::PulseIO::Buzzer.new(board: board, pin: PIN)
+
+C4 = 262
+D4 = 294
+E4 = 330
+
+notes = [
+        [E4, 1], [D4, 1], [C4, 1], [D4, 1], [E4, 1], [E4, 1], [E4, 2],
+        [D4, 1], [D4, 1], [D4, 2],          [E4, 1], [E4, 1], [E4, 2],
+        [E4, 1], [D4, 1], [C4, 1], [D4, 1], [E4, 1], [E4, 1], [E4, 1], [E4, 1],
+        [D4, 1], [D4, 1], [E4, 1], [D4, 1], [C4, 4],
+        ]
+
+bpm = 240
+beat_time = 60.to_f / bpm
+
+notes.each do |note|
+  buzzer.tone(note[0], (note[1] * beat_time))
+end
+
+# Only works for PiBoard.
+sleep 0.100 while (board.tone_busy(PIN) == 1)
+
+buzzer.stop
+board.finish_write