declarative_authorization-dta 0.1

data/lib/declarative_authorization/rails_legacy.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# Groups methods and additions that were used but are not readily available in
+# all supported Rails versions.
+class Hash
+  unless {}.respond_to?(:deep_merge)
+    # Imported from Rails 2.2
+    def deep_merge(other_hash)
+      self.merge(other_hash) do |key, oldval, newval|
+        oldval = oldval.to_hash if oldval.respond_to?(:to_hash)
+        newval = newval.to_hash if newval.respond_to?(:to_hash)
+        oldval.class.to_s == 'Hash' && newval.class.to_s == 'Hash' ? oldval.deep_merge(newval) : newval
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+class String
+  unless "".respond_to?(:html_safe)
+    def html_safe
+      self
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/declarative_authorization/railsengine.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+require 'rails'
+
+module Authorization
+  class RailsEngine < Rails::Engine
+  end
+end

data/lib/declarative_authorization/reader.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,521 @@
+# Authorization::Reader
+
+require File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/authorization.rb'
+
+module Authorization
+  # Parses an authorization configuration file in the authorization DSL and
+  # constructs a data model of its contents.
+  # 
+  # For examples and the modelled data model, see the 
+  # README[link:files/README_rdoc.html].
+  #
+  # Also, see role definition methods
+  # * AuthorizationRulesReader#role,
+  # * AuthorizationRulesReader#includes,
+  # * AuthorizationRulesReader#title,
+  # * AuthorizationRulesReader#description
+  #
+  # Methods for rule definition in roles
+  # * AuthorizationRulesReader#has_permission_on,
+  # * AuthorizationRulesReader#to,
+  # * AuthorizationRulesReader#if_attribute,
+  # * AuthorizationRulesReader#if_permitted_to
+  #
+  # Methods to be used in if_attribute statements
+  # * AuthorizationRulesReader#contains,
+  # * AuthorizationRulesReader#does_not_contain,
+  # * AuthorizationRulesReader#intersects_with,
+  # * AuthorizationRulesReader#is,
+  # * AuthorizationRulesReader#is_not,
+  # * AuthorizationRulesReader#is_in,
+  # * AuthorizationRulesReader#is_not_in,
+  # * AuthorizationRulesReader#lt,
+  # * AuthorizationRulesReader#lte,
+  # * AuthorizationRulesReader#gt,
+  # * AuthorizationRulesReader#gte
+  #
+  # And privilege definition methods
+  # * PrivilegesReader#privilege,
+  # * PrivilegesReader#includes
+  #
+  module Reader
+    # Signals that the specified file to load was not found.
+    class DSLFileNotFoundError < Exception; end
+    # Signals errors that occur while reading and parsing an authorization DSL
+    class DSLError < Exception; end
+    # Signals errors in the syntax of an authorization DSL.
+    class DSLSyntaxError < DSLError; end
+    
+    # Top-level reader, parses the methods +privileges+ and +authorization+.
+    # +authorization+ takes a block with authorization rules as described in
+    # AuthorizationRulesReader.  The block to +privileges+ defines privilege
+    # hierarchies, as described in PrivilegesReader.
+    #
+    class DSLReader
+      attr_reader :privileges_reader, :auth_rules_reader # :nodoc:
+
+      def initialize ()
+        @privileges_reader = PrivilegesReader.new
+        @auth_rules_reader = AuthorizationRulesReader.new
+      end
+
+      # ensures you get back a DSLReader
+      # if you provide a:
+      #   DSLReader - you will get it back.
+      #   String or Array - it will treat it as if you have passed a path or an array of paths and attempt to load those.
+      def self.factory(obj)
+        case obj
+        when Reader::DSLReader
+          obj
+        when String, Array
+          load(obj)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Parses a authorization DSL specification from the string given
+      # in +dsl_data+.  Raises DSLSyntaxError if errors occur on parsing.
+      def parse (dsl_data, file_name = nil)
+        if file_name
+          DSLMethods.new(self).instance_eval(dsl_data, file_name)
+        else
+          DSLMethods.new(self).instance_eval(dsl_data)
+        end
+      rescue SyntaxError, NoMethodError, NameError => e
+        raise DSLSyntaxError, "Illegal DSL syntax: #{e}"
+      end
+
+      # Loads and parses a DSL from the given file name.
+      def self.load (dsl_files)
+        # TODO cache reader in production mode?
+        reader = new
+        dsl_files = [dsl_files].flatten
+        dsl_files.each do |file|
+          begin
+            reader.parse(File.read(file), file)
+          rescue SystemCallError
+            raise ::Authorization::Reader::DSLFileNotFoundError, "Error reading authorization rules file with path '#{file}'!  Please ensure it exists and that it is accessible."
+          end
+        end
+        reader
+      end
+
+      # DSL methods
+      class DSLMethods # :nodoc:
+        def initialize (parent)
+          @parent = parent
+        end
+
+        def privileges (&block)
+          @parent.privileges_reader.instance_eval(&block)
+        end
+
+        def contexts (&block)
+          # Not implemented
+        end
+
+        def authorization (&block)
+          @parent.auth_rules_reader.instance_eval(&block)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # The PrivilegeReader handles the part of the authorization DSL in
+    # a +privileges+ block.  Here, privilege hierarchies are defined.
+    class PrivilegesReader
+      # TODO handle privileges with separated context
+      attr_reader :privileges, :privilege_hierarchy # :nodoc:
+
+      def initialize # :nodoc:
+        @current_priv = nil
+        @current_context = nil
+        @privileges = []
+        # {priv => [[priv,ctx], ...]}
+        @privilege_hierarchy = {}
+      end
+
+      def append_privilege (priv) # :nodoc:
+        @privileges << priv unless @privileges.include?(priv)
+      end
+
+      # Defines part of a privilege hierarchy.  For the given +privilege+,
+      # included privileges may be defined in the block (through includes)
+      # or as option :+includes+.  If the optional context is given,
+      # the privilege hierarchy is limited to that context.
+      #
+      def privilege (privilege, context = nil, options = {}, &block)
+        if context.is_a?(Hash)
+          options = context
+          context = nil
+        end
+        @current_priv = privilege
+        @current_context = context
+        append_privilege privilege
+        instance_eval(&block) if block
+        includes(*options[:includes]) if options[:includes]
+      ensure
+        @current_priv = nil
+        @current_context = nil
+      end
+
+      # Specifies +privileges+ that are to be assigned as lower ones.  Only to
+      # be used inside a privilege block.
+      def includes (*privileges)
+        raise DSLError, "includes only in privilege block" if @current_priv.nil?
+        privileges.each do |priv|
+          append_privilege priv
+          @privilege_hierarchy[@current_priv] ||= []
+          @privilege_hierarchy[@current_priv] << [priv, @current_context]
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    class AuthorizationRulesReader
+      attr_reader :roles, :role_hierarchy, :auth_rules,
+        :role_descriptions, :role_titles, :omnipotent_roles # :nodoc:
+
+      def initialize # :nodoc:
+        @current_role = nil
+        @current_rule = nil
+        @roles = []
+        @omnipotent_roles = []
+        # higher_role => [lower_roles]
+        @role_hierarchy = {}
+        @role_titles = {}
+        @role_descriptions = {}
+        @auth_rules = []
+      end
+
+      def append_role (role, options = {}) # :nodoc:
+        @roles << role unless @roles.include? role
+        @role_titles[role] = options[:title] if options[:title]
+        @role_descriptions[role] = options[:description] if options[:description]
+      end
+
+      # Defines the authorization rules for the given +role+ in the
+      # following block.
+      #   role :admin do
+      #     has_permissions_on ...
+      #   end
+      #
+      def role (role, options = {}, &block)
+        append_role role, options
+        @current_role = role
+        yield
+      ensure
+        @current_role = nil
+      end
+
+      # Roles may inherit all the rights from subroles.  The given +roles+
+      # become subroles of the current block's role.
+      #   role :admin do
+      #     includes :user
+      #     has_permission_on :employees, :to => [:update, :create]
+      #   end
+      #   role :user do
+      #     has_permission_on :employees, :to => :read
+      #   end
+      #
+      def includes (*roles)
+        raise DSLError, "includes only in role blocks" if @current_role.nil?
+        @role_hierarchy[@current_role] ||= []
+        @role_hierarchy[@current_role] += roles.flatten
+      end
+      
+      # Allows the definition of privileges to be allowed for the current role,
+      # either in a has_permission_on block or directly in one call.
+      #   role :admin
+      #     has_permission_on :employees, :to => :read
+      #     has_permission_on [:employees, :orders], :to => :read
+      #     has_permission_on :employees do
+      #       to :create
+      #       if_attribute ...
+      #     end
+      #     has_permission_on :employees, :to => :delete do
+      #       if_attribute ...
+      #     end
+      #   end
+      # The block form allows to describe restrictions on the permissions
+      # using if_attribute.  Multiple has_permission_on statements are
+      # OR'ed when evaluating the permissions.  Also, multiple if_attribute
+      # statements in one block are OR'ed if no :+join_by+ option is given
+      # (see below).  To AND conditions, either set :+join_by+ to :and or place
+      # them in one if_attribute statement.
+      # 
+      # Available options
+      # [:+to+]
+      #   A symbol or an array of symbols representing the privileges that
+      #   should be granted in this statement.
+      # [:+join_by+]
+      #   Join operator to logically connect the constraint statements inside
+      #   of the has_permission_on block.  May be :+and+ or :+or+.  Defaults to :+or+.
+      #
+      def has_permission_on (*args, &block)
+        options = args.extract_options!
+        context = args.flatten
+        
+        raise DSLError, "has_permission_on only allowed in role blocks" if @current_role.nil?
+        options = {:to => [], :join_by => :or}.merge(options)
+        
+        privs = options[:to] 
+        privs = [privs] unless privs.is_a?(Array)
+        raise DSLError, "has_permission_on either needs a block or :to option" if !block_given? and privs.empty?
+
+        file, line = file_and_line_number_from_call_stack
+        rule = AuthorizationRule.new(@current_role, privs, context, options[:join_by],
+                   :source_file => file, :source_line => line)
+        @auth_rules << rule
+        if block_given?
+          @current_rule = rule
+          yield
+          raise DSLError, "has_permission_on block content specifies no privileges" if rule.privileges.empty?
+          # TODO ensure?
+          @current_rule = nil
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Removes any permission checks for the current role.
+      #   role :admin
+      #     has_omnipotence
+      #   end
+      def has_omnipotence
+        raise DSLError, "has_omnipotence only allowed in role blocks" if @current_role.nil?
+        @omnipotent_roles << @current_role
+      end
+
+      # Sets a description for the current role.  E.g.
+      #   role :admin
+      #     description "To be assigned to administrative personnel"
+      #     has_permission_on ...
+      #   end
+      def description (text)
+        raise DSLError, "description only allowed in role blocks" if @current_role.nil?
+        role_descriptions[@current_role] = text
+      end
+      
+      # Sets a human-readable title for the current role.  E.g.
+      #   role :admin
+      #     title "Administrator"
+      #     has_permission_on ...
+      #   end
+      def title (text)
+        raise DSLError, "title only allowed in role blocks" if @current_role.nil?
+        role_titles[@current_role] = text
+      end
+      
+      # Used in a has_permission_on block, to may be used to specify privileges
+      # to be assigned to the current role under the conditions specified in
+      # the current block.
+      #   role :admin
+      #     has_permission_on :employees do
+      #       to :create, :read, :update, :delete
+      #     end
+      #   end
+      def to (*privs)
+        raise DSLError, "to only allowed in has_permission_on blocks" if @current_rule.nil?
+        @current_rule.append_privileges(privs.flatten)
+      end
+
+      # In a has_permission_on block, if_attribute specifies conditions
+      # of dynamic parameters that have to be met for the user to meet the
+      # privileges in this block.  Conditions are evaluated on the context
+      # object.  Thus, the following allows CRUD for branch admins only on 
+      # employees that belong to the same branch as the current user.
+      #   role :branch_admin
+      #     has_permission_on :employees do
+      #       to :create, :read, :update, :delete
+      #       if_attribute :branch => is { user.branch }
+      #     end
+      #   end
+      # In this case, is is the operator for evaluating the condition.  Another
+      # operator is contains for collections.  In the block supplied to the
+      # operator, +user+ specifies the current user for whom the condition
+      # is evaluated.
+      # 
+      # Conditions may be nested:
+      #   role :company_admin
+      #     has_permission_on :employees do
+      #       to :create, :read, :update, :delete
+      #       if_attribute :branch => { :company => is {user.branch.company} }
+      #     end
+      #   end
+      #
+      # has_many and has_many through associations may also be nested.
+      # Then, at least one item in the association needs to fulfill the
+      # subsequent condition:
+      #   if_attribute :company => { :branches => { :manager => { :last_name => is { user.last_name } } }
+      # Beware of possible performance issues when using has_many associations in
+      # permitted_to? checks.  For
+      #   permitted_to? :read, object
+      # a check like
+      #   object.company.branches.any? { |branch| branch.manager ... }
+      # will be executed.  with_permission_to scopes construct efficient SQL
+      # joins, though.
+      # 
+      # Multiple attributes in one :if_attribute statement are AND'ed.
+      # Multiple if_attribute statements are OR'ed if the join operator for the
+      # has_permission_on block isn't explicitly set.  Thus, the following would
+      # require the current user either to be of the same branch AND the employee
+      # to be "changeable_by_coworker".  OR the current user has to be the
+      # employee in question.
+      #   has_permission_on :employees, :to => :manage do
+      #     if_attribute :branch => is {user.branch}, :changeable_by_coworker => true
+      #     if_attribute :id => is {user.id}
+      #   end
+      # The join operator for if_attribute rules can explicitly set to AND, though.
+      # See has_permission_on for details.
+      #
+      # Arrays and fixed values may be used directly as hash values:
+      #   if_attribute :id   => 1
+      #   if_attribute :type => "special"
+      #   if_attribute :id   => [1,2]
+      #
+      def if_attribute (attr_conditions_hash)
+        raise DSLError, "if_attribute only in has_permission blocks" if @current_rule.nil?
+        parse_attribute_conditions_hash!(attr_conditions_hash)
+        @current_rule.append_attribute Attribute.new(attr_conditions_hash)
+      end
+
+      # if_permitted_to allows the has_permission_on block to depend on
+      # permissions on associated objects.  By using it, the authorization
+      # rules may be a lot DRYer.  E.g.:
+      #
+      #   role :branch_manager
+      #     has_permission_on :branches, :to => :manage do
+      #       if_attribute :employees => includes { user }
+      #     end
+      #     has_permission_on :employees, :to => :read do
+      #       if_permitted_to :read, :branch
+      #       # instead of
+      #       # if_attribute :branch => { :employees => includes { user } }
+      #     end
+      #   end
+      #
+      # if_permitted_to associations may be nested as well:
+      #   if_permitted_to :read, :branch => :company
+      #
+      # You can even use has_many associations as target.  Then, it is checked
+      # if the current user has the required privilege on *any* of the target objects.
+      #   if_permitted_to :read, :branch => :employees
+      # Beware of performance issues with permission checks.  In the current implementation,
+      # all employees are checked until the first permitted is found.
+      # with_permissions_to, on the other hand, constructs more efficient SQL
+      # instead.
+      #
+      # To check permissions based on the current object, the attribute has to
+      # be left out:
+      #   has_permission_on :branches, :to => :manage do
+      #     if_attribute :employees => includes { user }
+      #   end
+      #   has_permission_on :branches, :to => :paint_green do
+      #     if_permitted_to :update
+      #   end
+      # Normally, one would merge those rules into one.  Deviding makes sense
+      # if additional if_attribute are used in the second rule or those rules
+      # are applied to different roles.
+      #
+      # Options:
+      # [:+context+]
+      #   When using with_permissions_to, the target context of the if_permitted_to
+      #   statement is infered from the last reflections target class.  Still,
+      #   you may override this algorithm by setting the context explicitly.
+      #     if_permitted_to :read, :home_branch, :context => :branches
+      #     if_permitted_to :read, :branch => :main_company, :context => :companies
+      #
+      def if_permitted_to (privilege, attr_or_hash = nil, options = {})
+        raise DSLError, "if_permitted_to only in has_permission blocks" if @current_rule.nil?
+        options[:context] ||= attr_or_hash.delete(:context) if attr_or_hash.is_a?(Hash)
+        # only :context option in attr_or_hash:
+        attr_or_hash = nil if attr_or_hash.is_a?(Hash) and attr_or_hash.empty?
+        @current_rule.append_attribute AttributeWithPermission.new(privilege,
+            attr_or_hash, options[:context])
+      end
+      
+      # In an if_attribute statement, is says that the value has to be
+      # met exactly by the if_attribute attribute.  For information on the block
+      # argument, see if_attribute.
+      def is (&block)
+        [:is, block]
+      end
+
+      # The negation of is.
+      def is_not (&block)
+        [:is_not, block]
+      end
+
+      # In an if_attribute statement, contains says that the value has to be
+      # part of the collection specified by the if_attribute attribute.
+      # For information on the block argument, see if_attribute.
+      def contains (&block)
+        [:contains, block]
+      end
+
+      # The negation of contains.  Currently, query rewriting is disabled
+      # for does_not_contain.
+      def does_not_contain (&block)
+        [:does_not_contain, block]
+      end
+
+      # In an if_attribute statement, intersects_with requires that at least
+      # one of the values has to be part of the collection specified by the
+      # if_attribute attribute.  The value block needs to evaluate to an
+      # Enumerable.  For information on the block argument, see if_attribute.
+      def intersects_with (&block)
+        [:intersects_with, block]
+      end
+      
+      # In an if_attribute statement, is_in says that the value has to
+      # contain the attribute value.
+      # For information on the block argument, see if_attribute.
+      def is_in (&block)
+        [:is_in, block]
+      end
+
+      # The negation of is_in.
+      def is_not_in (&block)
+        [:is_not_in, block]
+      end
+      
+      # Less than
+      def lt (&block)
+        [:lt, block]
+      end
+
+      # Less than or equal to
+      def lte (&block)
+        [:lte, block]
+      end
+
+      # Greater than
+      def gt (&block)
+        [:gt, block]
+      end
+
+      # Greater than or equal to
+      def gte (&block)
+        [:gte, block]
+      end
+
+      private
+      def parse_attribute_conditions_hash! (hash)
+        merge_hash = {}
+        hash.each do |key, value|
+          if value.is_a?(Hash)
+            parse_attribute_conditions_hash!(value)
+          elsif !value.is_a?(Array)
+            merge_hash[key] = [:is, proc { value }]
+          elsif value.is_a?(Array) and !value[0].is_a?(Symbol)
+            merge_hash[key] = [:is_in, proc { value }]
+          end
+        end
+        hash.merge!(merge_hash)
+      end
+      
+      def file_and_line_number_from_call_stack
+        caller_parts = caller(2).first.split(':')
+        [caller_parts[0] == "(eval)" ? nil : caller_parts[0],
+          caller_parts[1] && caller_parts[1].to_i]
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+