debase-ruby_core_source 3.3.1 → 3.3.5

data/lib/debase/ruby_core_source/ruby-3.4.0-preview1/prism/parser.h

@@ -0,0 +1,891 @@
+/**
+ * @file parser.h
+ *
+ * The parser used to parse Ruby source.
+ */
+#ifndef PRISM_PARSER_H
+#define PRISM_PARSER_H
+
+#include "prism/defines.h"
+#include "prism/ast.h"
+#include "prism/encoding.h"
+#include "prism/options.h"
+#include "prism/static_literals.h"
+#include "prism/util/pm_constant_pool.h"
+#include "prism/util/pm_list.h"
+#include "prism/util/pm_newline_list.h"
+#include "prism/util/pm_string.h"
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+/**
+ * This enum provides various bits that represent different kinds of states that
+ * the lexer can track. This is used to determine which kind of token to return
+ * based on the context of the parser.
+ */
+typedef enum {
+    PM_LEX_STATE_BIT_BEG,
+    PM_LEX_STATE_BIT_END,
+    PM_LEX_STATE_BIT_ENDARG,
+    PM_LEX_STATE_BIT_ENDFN,
+    PM_LEX_STATE_BIT_ARG,
+    PM_LEX_STATE_BIT_CMDARG,
+    PM_LEX_STATE_BIT_MID,
+    PM_LEX_STATE_BIT_FNAME,
+    PM_LEX_STATE_BIT_DOT,
+    PM_LEX_STATE_BIT_CLASS,
+    PM_LEX_STATE_BIT_LABEL,
+    PM_LEX_STATE_BIT_LABELED,
+    PM_LEX_STATE_BIT_FITEM
+} pm_lex_state_bit_t;
+
+/**
+ * This enum combines the various bits from the above enum into individual
+ * values that represent the various states of the lexer.
+ */
+typedef enum {
+    PM_LEX_STATE_NONE = 0,
+    PM_LEX_STATE_BEG = (1 << PM_LEX_STATE_BIT_BEG),
+    PM_LEX_STATE_END = (1 << PM_LEX_STATE_BIT_END),
+    PM_LEX_STATE_ENDARG = (1 << PM_LEX_STATE_BIT_ENDARG),
+    PM_LEX_STATE_ENDFN = (1 << PM_LEX_STATE_BIT_ENDFN),
+    PM_LEX_STATE_ARG = (1 << PM_LEX_STATE_BIT_ARG),
+    PM_LEX_STATE_CMDARG = (1 << PM_LEX_STATE_BIT_CMDARG),
+    PM_LEX_STATE_MID = (1 << PM_LEX_STATE_BIT_MID),
+    PM_LEX_STATE_FNAME = (1 << PM_LEX_STATE_BIT_FNAME),
+    PM_LEX_STATE_DOT = (1 << PM_LEX_STATE_BIT_DOT),
+    PM_LEX_STATE_CLASS = (1 << PM_LEX_STATE_BIT_CLASS),
+    PM_LEX_STATE_LABEL = (1 << PM_LEX_STATE_BIT_LABEL),
+    PM_LEX_STATE_LABELED = (1 << PM_LEX_STATE_BIT_LABELED),
+    PM_LEX_STATE_FITEM = (1 << PM_LEX_STATE_BIT_FITEM),
+    PM_LEX_STATE_BEG_ANY = PM_LEX_STATE_BEG | PM_LEX_STATE_MID | PM_LEX_STATE_CLASS,
+    PM_LEX_STATE_ARG_ANY = PM_LEX_STATE_ARG | PM_LEX_STATE_CMDARG,
+    PM_LEX_STATE_END_ANY = PM_LEX_STATE_END | PM_LEX_STATE_ENDARG | PM_LEX_STATE_ENDFN
+} pm_lex_state_t;
+
+/**
+ * The type of quote that a heredoc uses.
+ */
+typedef enum {
+    PM_HEREDOC_QUOTE_NONE,
+    PM_HEREDOC_QUOTE_SINGLE = '\'',
+    PM_HEREDOC_QUOTE_DOUBLE = '"',
+    PM_HEREDOC_QUOTE_BACKTICK = '`',
+} pm_heredoc_quote_t;
+
+/**
+ * The type of indentation that a heredoc uses.
+ */
+typedef enum {
+    PM_HEREDOC_INDENT_NONE,
+    PM_HEREDOC_INDENT_DASH,
+    PM_HEREDOC_INDENT_TILDE,
+} pm_heredoc_indent_t;
+
+/**
+ * When lexing Ruby source, the lexer has a small amount of state to tell which
+ * kind of token it is currently lexing. For example, when we find the start of
+ * a string, the first token that we return is a TOKEN_STRING_BEGIN token. After
+ * that the lexer is now in the PM_LEX_STRING mode, and will return tokens that
+ * are found as part of a string.
+ */
+typedef struct pm_lex_mode {
+    /** The type of this lex mode. */
+    enum {
+        /** This state is used when any given token is being lexed. */
+        PM_LEX_DEFAULT,
+
+        /**
+         * This state is used when we're lexing as normal but inside an embedded
+         * expression of a string.
+         */
+        PM_LEX_EMBEXPR,
+
+        /**
+         * This state is used when we're lexing a variable that is embedded
+         * directly inside of a string with the # shorthand.
+         */
+        PM_LEX_EMBVAR,
+
+        /** This state is used when you are inside the content of a heredoc. */
+        PM_LEX_HEREDOC,
+
+        /**
+         * This state is used when we are lexing a list of tokens, as in a %w
+         * word list literal or a %i symbol list literal.
+         */
+        PM_LEX_LIST,
+
+        /**
+         * This state is used when a regular expression has been begun and we
+         * are looking for the terminator.
+         */
+        PM_LEX_REGEXP,
+
+        /**
+         * This state is used when we are lexing a string or a string-like
+         * token, as in string content with either quote or an xstring.
+         */
+        PM_LEX_STRING
+    } mode;
+
+    /** The data associated with this type of lex mode. */
+    union {
+        struct {
+            /** This keeps track of the nesting level of the list. */
+            size_t nesting;
+
+            /** Whether or not interpolation is allowed in this list. */
+            bool interpolation;
+
+            /**
+             * When lexing a list, it takes into account balancing the
+             * terminator if the terminator is one of (), [], {}, or <>.
+             */
+            uint8_t incrementor;
+
+            /** This is the terminator of the list literal. */
+            uint8_t terminator;
+
+            /**
+             * This is the character set that should be used to delimit the
+             * tokens within the list.
+             */
+            uint8_t breakpoints[11];
+        } list;
+
+        struct {
+            /**
+             * This keeps track of the nesting level of the regular expression.
+             */
+            size_t nesting;
+
+            /**
+             * When lexing a regular expression, it takes into account balancing
+             * the terminator if the terminator is one of (), [], {}, or <>.
+             */
+            uint8_t incrementor;
+
+            /** This is the terminator of the regular expression. */
+            uint8_t terminator;
+
+            /**
+             * This is the character set that should be used to delimit the
+             * tokens within the regular expression.
+             */
+            uint8_t breakpoints[7];
+        } regexp;
+
+        struct {
+            /** This keeps track of the nesting level of the string. */
+            size_t nesting;
+
+            /** Whether or not interpolation is allowed in this string. */
+            bool interpolation;
+
+            /**
+             * Whether or not at the end of the string we should allow a :,
+             * which would indicate this was a dynamic symbol instead of a
+             * string.
+             */
+            bool label_allowed;
+
+            /**
+             * When lexing a string, it takes into account balancing the
+             * terminator if the terminator is one of (), [], {}, or <>.
+             */
+            uint8_t incrementor;
+
+            /**
+             * This is the terminator of the string. It is typically either a
+             * single or double quote.
+             */
+            uint8_t terminator;
+
+            /**
+             * This is the character set that should be used to delimit the
+             * tokens within the string.
+             */
+            uint8_t breakpoints[7];
+        } string;
+
+        struct {
+            /** A pointer to the start of the heredoc identifier. */
+            const uint8_t *ident_start;
+
+            /** The length of the heredoc identifier. */
+            size_t ident_length;
+
+            /** The type of quote that the heredoc uses. */
+            pm_heredoc_quote_t quote;
+
+            /** The type of indentation that the heredoc uses. */
+            pm_heredoc_indent_t indent;
+
+            /**
+             * This is the pointer to the character where lexing should resume
+             * once the heredoc has been completely processed.
+             */
+            const uint8_t *next_start;
+
+            /**
+             * This is used to track the amount of common whitespace on each
+             * line so that we know how much to dedent each line in the case of
+             * a tilde heredoc.
+             */
+            size_t common_whitespace;
+
+            /** True if the previous token ended with a line continuation. */
+            bool line_continuation;
+        } heredoc;
+    } as;
+
+    /** The previous lex state so that it knows how to pop. */
+    struct pm_lex_mode *prev;
+} pm_lex_mode_t;
+
+/**
+ * We pre-allocate a certain number of lex states in order to avoid having to
+ * call malloc too many times while parsing. You really shouldn't need more than
+ * this because you only really nest deeply when doing string interpolation.
+ */
+#define PM_LEX_STACK_SIZE 4
+
+/**
+ * The parser used to parse Ruby source.
+ */
+typedef struct pm_parser pm_parser_t;
+
+/**
+ * While parsing, we keep track of a stack of contexts. This is helpful for
+ * error recovery so that we can pop back to a previous context when we hit a
+ * token that is understood by a parent context but not by the current context.
+ */
+typedef enum {
+    /** a null context, used for returning a value from a function */
+    PM_CONTEXT_NONE = 0,
+
+    /** a begin statement */
+    PM_CONTEXT_BEGIN,
+
+    /** an ensure statement with an explicit begin */
+    PM_CONTEXT_BEGIN_ENSURE,
+
+    /** a rescue else statement with an explicit begin */
+    PM_CONTEXT_BEGIN_ELSE,
+
+    /** a rescue statement with an explicit begin */
+    PM_CONTEXT_BEGIN_RESCUE,
+
+    /** expressions in block arguments using braces */
+    PM_CONTEXT_BLOCK_BRACES,
+
+    /** expressions in block arguments using do..end */
+    PM_CONTEXT_BLOCK_KEYWORDS,
+
+    /** an ensure statement within a do..end block */
+    PM_CONTEXT_BLOCK_ENSURE,
+
+    /** a rescue else statement within a do..end block */
+    PM_CONTEXT_BLOCK_ELSE,
+
+    /** a rescue statement within a do..end block */
+    PM_CONTEXT_BLOCK_RESCUE,
+
+    /** a case when statements */
+    PM_CONTEXT_CASE_WHEN,
+
+    /** a case in statements */
+    PM_CONTEXT_CASE_IN,
+
+    /** a class declaration */
+    PM_CONTEXT_CLASS,
+
+    /** an ensure statement within a class statement */
+    PM_CONTEXT_CLASS_ENSURE,
+
+    /** a rescue else statement within a class statement */
+    PM_CONTEXT_CLASS_ELSE,
+
+    /** a rescue statement within a class statement */
+    PM_CONTEXT_CLASS_RESCUE,
+
+    /** a method definition */
+    PM_CONTEXT_DEF,
+
+    /** an ensure statement within a method definition */
+    PM_CONTEXT_DEF_ENSURE,
+
+    /** a rescue else statement within a method definition */
+    PM_CONTEXT_DEF_ELSE,
+
+    /** a rescue statement within a method definition */
+    PM_CONTEXT_DEF_RESCUE,
+
+    /** a method definition's parameters */
+    PM_CONTEXT_DEF_PARAMS,
+
+    /** a defined? expression */
+    PM_CONTEXT_DEFINED,
+
+    /** a method definition's default parameter */
+    PM_CONTEXT_DEFAULT_PARAMS,
+
+    /** an else clause */
+    PM_CONTEXT_ELSE,
+
+    /** an elsif clause */
+    PM_CONTEXT_ELSIF,
+
+    /** an interpolated expression */
+    PM_CONTEXT_EMBEXPR,
+
+    /** a for loop */
+    PM_CONTEXT_FOR,
+
+    /** a for loop's index */
+    PM_CONTEXT_FOR_INDEX,
+
+    /** an if statement */
+    PM_CONTEXT_IF,
+
+    /** a lambda expression with braces */
+    PM_CONTEXT_LAMBDA_BRACES,
+
+    /** a lambda expression with do..end */
+    PM_CONTEXT_LAMBDA_DO_END,
+
+    /** an ensure statement within a lambda expression */
+    PM_CONTEXT_LAMBDA_ENSURE,
+
+    /** a rescue else statement within a lambda expression */
+    PM_CONTEXT_LAMBDA_ELSE,
+
+    /** a rescue statement within a lambda expression */
+    PM_CONTEXT_LAMBDA_RESCUE,
+
+    /** the top level context */
+    PM_CONTEXT_MAIN,
+
+    /** a module declaration */
+    PM_CONTEXT_MODULE,
+
+    /** an ensure statement within a module statement */
+    PM_CONTEXT_MODULE_ENSURE,
+
+    /** a rescue else statement within a module statement */
+    PM_CONTEXT_MODULE_ELSE,
+
+    /** a rescue statement within a module statement */
+    PM_CONTEXT_MODULE_RESCUE,
+
+    /** a parenthesized expression */
+    PM_CONTEXT_PARENS,
+
+    /** an END block */
+    PM_CONTEXT_POSTEXE,
+
+    /** a predicate inside an if/elsif/unless statement */
+    PM_CONTEXT_PREDICATE,
+
+    /** a BEGIN block */
+    PM_CONTEXT_PREEXE,
+
+    /** a modifier rescue clause */
+    PM_CONTEXT_RESCUE_MODIFIER,
+
+    /** a singleton class definition */
+    PM_CONTEXT_SCLASS,
+
+    /** an ensure statement with a singleton class */
+    PM_CONTEXT_SCLASS_ENSURE,
+
+    /** a rescue else statement with a singleton class */
+    PM_CONTEXT_SCLASS_ELSE,
+
+    /** a rescue statement with a singleton class */
+    PM_CONTEXT_SCLASS_RESCUE,
+
+    /** a ternary expression */
+    PM_CONTEXT_TERNARY,
+
+    /** an unless statement */
+    PM_CONTEXT_UNLESS,
+
+    /** an until statement */
+    PM_CONTEXT_UNTIL,
+
+    /** a while statement */
+    PM_CONTEXT_WHILE,
+} pm_context_t;
+
+/** This is a node in a linked list of contexts. */
+typedef struct pm_context_node {
+    /** The context that this node represents. */
+    pm_context_t context;
+
+    /** A pointer to the previous context in the linked list. */
+    struct pm_context_node *prev;
+} pm_context_node_t;
+
+/** This is the type of a comment that we've found while parsing. */
+typedef enum {
+    PM_COMMENT_INLINE,
+    PM_COMMENT_EMBDOC
+} pm_comment_type_t;
+
+/**
+ * This is a node in the linked list of comments that we've found while parsing.
+ *
+ * @extends pm_list_node_t
+ */
+typedef struct pm_comment {
+    /** The embedded base node. */
+    pm_list_node_t node;
+
+    /** The location of the comment in the source. */
+    pm_location_t location;
+
+    /** The type of comment that we've found. */
+    pm_comment_type_t type;
+} pm_comment_t;
+
+/**
+ * This is a node in the linked list of magic comments that we've found while
+ * parsing.
+ *
+ * @extends pm_list_node_t
+ */
+typedef struct {
+    /** The embedded base node. */
+    pm_list_node_t node;
+
+    /** A pointer to the start of the key in the source. */
+    const uint8_t *key_start;
+
+    /** A pointer to the start of the value in the source. */
+    const uint8_t *value_start;
+
+    /** The length of the key in the source. */
+    uint32_t key_length;
+
+    /** The length of the value in the source. */
+    uint32_t value_length;
+} pm_magic_comment_t;
+
+/**
+ * When the encoding that is being used to parse the source is changed by prism,
+ * we provide the ability here to call out to a user-defined function.
+ */
+typedef void (*pm_encoding_changed_callback_t)(pm_parser_t *parser);
+
+/**
+ * When you are lexing through a file, the lexer needs all of the information
+ * that the parser additionally provides (for example, the local table). So if
+ * you want to properly lex Ruby, you need to actually lex it in the context of
+ * the parser. In order to provide this functionality, we optionally allow a
+ * struct to be attached to the parser that calls back out to a user-provided
+ * callback when each token is lexed.
+ */
+typedef struct {
+    /**
+     * This opaque pointer is used to provide whatever information the user
+     * deemed necessary to the callback. In our case we use it to pass the array
+     * that the tokens get appended into.
+     */
+    void *data;
+
+    /**
+     * This is the callback that is called when a token is lexed. It is passed
+     * the opaque data pointer, the parser, and the token that was lexed.
+     */
+    void (*callback)(void *data, pm_parser_t *parser, pm_token_t *token);
+} pm_lex_callback_t;
+
+/** The type of shareable constant value that can be set. */
+typedef uint8_t pm_shareable_constant_value_t;
+static const pm_shareable_constant_value_t PM_SCOPE_SHAREABLE_CONSTANT_NONE = 0x0;
+static const pm_shareable_constant_value_t PM_SCOPE_SHAREABLE_CONSTANT_LITERAL = 0x1;
+static const pm_shareable_constant_value_t PM_SCOPE_SHAREABLE_CONSTANT_EXPERIMENTAL_EVERYTHING = 0x2;
+static const pm_shareable_constant_value_t PM_SCOPE_SHAREABLE_CONSTANT_EXPERIMENTAL_COPY = 0x4;
+
+/**
+ * This tracks an individual local variable in a certain lexical context, as
+ * well as the number of times is it read.
+ */
+typedef struct {
+    /** The name of the local variable. */
+    pm_constant_id_t name;
+
+    /** The location of the local variable in the source. */
+    pm_location_t location;
+
+    /** The index of the local variable in the local table. */
+    uint32_t index;
+
+    /** The number of times the local variable is read. */
+    uint32_t reads;
+
+    /** The hash of the local variable. */
+    uint32_t hash;
+} pm_local_t;
+
+/**
+ * This is a set of local variables in a certain lexical context (method, class,
+ * module, etc.). We need to track how many times these variables are read in
+ * order to warn if they only get written.
+ */
+typedef struct pm_locals {
+    /** The number of local variables in the set. */
+    uint32_t size;
+
+    /** The capacity of the local variables set. */
+    uint32_t capacity;
+
+    /** The nullable allocated memory for the local variables in the set. */
+    pm_local_t *locals;
+} pm_locals_t;
+
+/**
+ * This struct represents a node in a linked list of scopes. Some scopes can see
+ * into their parent scopes, while others cannot.
+ */
+typedef struct pm_scope {
+    /** A pointer to the previous scope in the linked list. */
+    struct pm_scope *previous;
+
+    /** The IDs of the locals in the given scope. */
+    pm_locals_t locals;
+
+    /**
+     * This is a bitfield that indicates the parameters that are being used in
+     * this scope. It is a combination of the PM_SCOPE_PARAMS_* constants. There
+     * are three different kinds of parameters that can be used in a scope:
+     *
+     * - Ordinary parameters (e.g., def foo(bar); end)
+     * - Numbered parameters (e.g., def foo; _1; end)
+     * - The it parameter (e.g., def foo; it; end)
+     *
+     * If ordinary parameters are being used, then certain parameters can be
+     * forwarded to another method/structure. Those are indicated by four
+     * additional bits in the params field. For example, some combinations of:
+     *
+     * - def foo(*); end
+     * - def foo(**); end
+     * - def foo(&); end
+     * - def foo(...); end
+     */
+    uint8_t parameters;
+
+    /**
+     * An integer indicating the number of numbered parameters on this scope.
+     * This is necessary to determine if child blocks are allowed to use
+     * numbered parameters, and to pass information to consumers of the AST
+     * about how many numbered parameters exist.
+     */
+    int8_t numbered_parameters;
+
+    /**
+     * The current state of constant shareability for this scope. This is
+     * changed by magic shareable_constant_value comments.
+     */
+    pm_shareable_constant_value_t shareable_constant;
+
+    /**
+     * A boolean indicating whether or not this scope can see into its parent.
+     * If closed is true, then the scope cannot see into its parent.
+     */
+    bool closed;
+} pm_scope_t;
+
+static const uint8_t PM_SCOPE_PARAMETERS_NONE = 0x0;
+static const uint8_t PM_SCOPE_PARAMETERS_ORDINARY = 0x1;
+static const uint8_t PM_SCOPE_PARAMETERS_NUMBERED = 0x2;
+static const uint8_t PM_SCOPE_PARAMETERS_IT = 0x4;
+static const uint8_t PM_SCOPE_PARAMETERS_TYPE_MASK = 0x7;
+
+static const uint8_t PM_SCOPE_PARAMETERS_FORWARDING_POSITIONALS = 0x8;
+static const uint8_t PM_SCOPE_PARAMETERS_FORWARDING_KEYWORDS = 0x10;
+static const uint8_t PM_SCOPE_PARAMETERS_FORWARDING_BLOCK = 0x20;
+static const uint8_t PM_SCOPE_PARAMETERS_FORWARDING_ALL = 0x40;
+
+static const int8_t PM_SCOPE_NUMBERED_PARAMETERS_DISALLOWED = -1;
+static const int8_t PM_SCOPE_NUMBERED_PARAMETERS_NONE = 0;
+
+/**
+ * A struct that represents a stack of boolean values.
+ */
+typedef uint32_t pm_state_stack_t;
+
+/**
+ * This struct represents the overall parser. It contains a reference to the
+ * source file, as well as pointers that indicate where in the source it's
+ * currently parsing. It also contains the most recent and current token that
+ * it's considering.
+ */
+struct pm_parser {
+    /** The current state of the lexer. */
+    pm_lex_state_t lex_state;
+
+    /** Tracks the current nesting of (), [], and {}. */
+    int enclosure_nesting;
+
+    /**
+     * Used to temporarily track the nesting of enclosures to determine if a {
+     * is the beginning of a lambda following the parameters of a lambda.
+     */
+    int lambda_enclosure_nesting;
+
+    /**
+     * Used to track the nesting of braces to ensure we get the correct value
+     * when we are interpolating blocks with braces.
+     */
+    int brace_nesting;
+
+    /**
+     * The stack used to determine if a do keyword belongs to the predicate of a
+     * while, until, or for loop.
+     */
+    pm_state_stack_t do_loop_stack;
+
+    /**
+     * The stack used to determine if a do keyword belongs to the beginning of a
+     * block.
+     */
+    pm_state_stack_t accepts_block_stack;
+
+    /** A stack of lex modes. */
+    struct {
+        /** The current mode of the lexer. */
+        pm_lex_mode_t *current;
+
+        /** The stack of lexer modes. */
+        pm_lex_mode_t stack[PM_LEX_STACK_SIZE];
+
+        /** The current index into the lexer mode stack. */
+        size_t index;
+    } lex_modes;
+
+    /** The pointer to the start of the source. */
+    const uint8_t *start;
+
+    /** The pointer to the end of the source. */
+    const uint8_t *end;
+
+    /** The previous token we were considering. */
+    pm_token_t previous;
+
+    /** The current token we're considering. */
+    pm_token_t current;
+
+    /**
+     * This is a special field set on the parser when we need the parser to jump
+     * to a specific location when lexing the next token, as opposed to just
+     * using the end of the previous token. Normally this is NULL.
+     */
+    const uint8_t *next_start;
+
+    /**
+     * This field indicates the end of a heredoc whose identifier was found on
+     * the current line. If another heredoc is found on the same line, then this
+     * will be moved forward to the end of that heredoc. If no heredocs are
+     * found on a line then this is NULL.
+     */
+    const uint8_t *heredoc_end;
+
+    /** The list of comments that have been found while parsing. */
+    pm_list_t comment_list;
+
+    /** The list of magic comments that have been found while parsing. */
+    pm_list_t magic_comment_list;
+
+    /**
+     * An optional location that represents the location of the __END__ marker
+     * and the rest of the content of the file. This content is loaded into the
+     * DATA constant when the file being parsed is the main file being executed.
+     */
+    pm_location_t data_loc;
+
+    /** The list of warnings that have been found while parsing. */
+    pm_list_t warning_list;
+
+    /** The list of errors that have been found while parsing. */
+    pm_list_t error_list;
+
+    /** The current local scope. */
+    pm_scope_t *current_scope;
+
+    /** The current parsing context. */
+    pm_context_node_t *current_context;
+
+    /**
+     * The hash keys for the hash that is currently being parsed. This is not
+     * usually necessary because it can pass it down the various call chains,
+     * but in the event that you're parsing a hash that is being directly
+     * pushed into another hash with **, we need to share the hash keys so that
+     * we can warn for the nested hash as well.
+     */
+    pm_static_literals_t *current_hash_keys;
+
+    /**
+     * The encoding functions for the current file is attached to the parser as
+     * it's parsing so that it can change with a magic comment.
+     */
+    const pm_encoding_t *encoding;
+
+    /**
+     * When the encoding that is being used to parse the source is changed by
+     * prism, we provide the ability here to call out to a user-defined
+     * function.
+     */
+    pm_encoding_changed_callback_t encoding_changed_callback;
+
+    /**
+     * This pointer indicates where a comment must start if it is to be
+     * considered an encoding comment.
+     */
+    const uint8_t *encoding_comment_start;
+
+    /**
+     * This is an optional callback that can be attached to the parser that will
+     * be called whenever a new token is lexed by the parser.
+     */
+    pm_lex_callback_t *lex_callback;
+
+    /**
+     * This is the path of the file being parsed. We use the filepath when
+     * constructing SourceFileNodes.
+     */
+    pm_string_t filepath;
+
+    /**
+     * This constant pool keeps all of the constants defined throughout the file
+     * so that we can reference them later.
+     */
+    pm_constant_pool_t constant_pool;
+
+    /** This is the list of newline offsets in the source file. */
+    pm_newline_list_t newline_list;
+
+    /**
+     * We want to add a flag to integer nodes that indicates their base. We only
+     * want to parse these once, but we don't have space on the token itself to
+     * communicate this information. So we store it here and pass it through
+     * when we find tokens that we need it for.
+     */
+    pm_node_flags_t integer_base;
+
+    /**
+     * This string is used to pass information from the lexer to the parser. It
+     * is particularly necessary because of escape sequences.
+     */
+    pm_string_t current_string;
+
+    /**
+     * The line number at the start of the parse. This will be used to offset
+     * the line numbers of all of the locations.
+     */
+    int32_t start_line;
+
+    /**
+     * When a string-like expression is being lexed, any byte or escape sequence
+     * that resolves to a value whose top bit is set (i.e., >= 0x80) will
+     * explicitly set the encoding to the same encoding as the source.
+     * Alternatively, if a unicode escape sequence is used (e.g., \\u{80}) that
+     * resolves to a value whose top bit is set, then the encoding will be
+     * explicitly set to UTF-8.
+     *
+     * The _next_ time this happens, if the encoding that is about to become the
+     * explicitly set encoding does not match the previously set explicit
+     * encoding, a mixed encoding error will be emitted.
+     *
+     * When the expression is finished being lexed, the explicit encoding
+     * controls the encoding of the expression. For the most part this means
+     * that the expression will either be encoded in the source encoding or
+     * UTF-8. This holds for all encodings except US-ASCII. If the source is
+     * US-ASCII and an explicit encoding was set that was _not_ UTF-8, then the
+     * expression will be encoded as ASCII-8BIT.
+     *
+     * Note that if the expression is a list, different elements within the same
+     * list can have different encodings, so this will get reset between each
+     * element. Furthermore all of this only applies to lists that support
+     * interpolation, because otherwise escapes that could change the encoding
+     * are ignored.
+     *
+     * At first glance, it may make more sense for this to live on the lexer
+     * mode, but we need it here to communicate back to the parser for character
+     * literals that do not push a new lexer mode.
+     */
+    const pm_encoding_t *explicit_encoding;
+
+    /**
+     * When parsing block exits (e.g., break, next, redo), we need to validate
+     * that they are in correct contexts. For the most part we can do this by
+     * looking at our parent contexts. However, modifier while and until
+     * expressions can change that context to make block exits valid. In these
+     * cases, we need to keep track of the block exits and then validate them
+     * after the expression has been parsed.
+     *
+     * We use a pointer here because we don't want to keep a whole list attached
+     * since this will only be used in the context of begin/end expressions.
+     */
+    pm_node_list_t *current_block_exits;
+
+    /** The version of prism that we should use to parse. */
+    pm_options_version_t version;
+
+    /** The command line flags given from the options. */
+    uint8_t command_line;
+
+    /**
+     * Whether or not we have found a frozen_string_literal magic comment with
+     * a true or false value.
+     * May be:
+     *  - PM_OPTIONS_FROZEN_STRING_LITERAL_DISABLED
+     *  - PM_OPTIONS_FROZEN_STRING_LITERAL_ENABLED
+     *  - PM_OPTIONS_FROZEN_STRING_LITERAL_UNSET
+     */
+    int8_t frozen_string_literal;
+
+    /**
+     * Whether or not we are parsing an eval string. This impacts whether or not
+     * we should evaluate if block exits/yields are valid.
+     */
+    bool parsing_eval;
+
+    /** Whether or not we're at the beginning of a command. */
+    bool command_start;
+
+    /** Whether or not we're currently recovering from a syntax error. */
+    bool recovering;
+
+    /**
+     * Whether or not the encoding has been changed by a magic comment. We use
+     * this to provide a fast path for the lexer instead of going through the
+     * function pointer.
+     */
+    bool encoding_changed;
+
+    /**
+     * This flag indicates that we are currently parsing a pattern matching
+     * expression and impacts that calculation of newlines.
+     */
+    bool pattern_matching_newlines;
+
+    /** This flag indicates that we are currently parsing a keyword argument. */
+    bool in_keyword_arg;
+
+    /**
+     * Whether or not the parser has seen a token that has semantic meaning
+     * (i.e., a token that is not a comment or whitespace).
+     */
+    bool semantic_token_seen;
+
+    /**
+     * True if the current regular expression being lexed contains only ASCII
+     * characters.
+     */
+    bool current_regular_expression_ascii_only;
+};
+
+#endif