ddtrace 1.0.0 → 1.9.0

data/lib/datadog/profiling/collectors/old_stack.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+# typed: true
+
+require_relative '../../core/utils/only_once'
+require_relative '../../core/utils/time'
+require_relative '../../core/worker'
+require_relative '../../core/workers/polling'
+require_relative '../backtrace_location'
+require_relative '../events/stack'
+require_relative '../native_extension'
+
+module Datadog
+  module Profiling
+    module Collectors
+      # Collects stack trace samples from Ruby threads for both CPU-time (if available) and wall-clock.
+      # Runs on its own background thread.
+      #
+      # This class has the prefix "Old" because it will be deprecated by the new native CPU Profiler
+      class OldStack < Core::Worker
+        include Core::Workers::Polling
+
+        DEFAULT_MAX_TIME_USAGE_PCT = 2.0
+        MIN_INTERVAL = 0.01
+        THREAD_LAST_CPU_TIME_KEY = :datadog_profiler_last_cpu_time
+        THREAD_LAST_WALL_CLOCK_KEY = :datadog_profiler_last_wall_clock
+        SYNTHETIC_STACK_IN_NATIVE_CODE = [BacktraceLocation.new('', 0, 'In native code').freeze].freeze
+
+        # This default was picked based on the current sampling performance and on expected concurrency on an average
+        # Ruby MRI application. Lowering this optimizes for latency (less impact each time we sample), and raising
+        # optimizes for coverage (less chance to miss what a given thread is doing).
+        DEFAULT_MAX_THREADS_SAMPLED = 16
+
+        attr_reader \
+          :recorder,
+          :max_frames,
+          :trace_identifiers_helper,
+          :ignore_thread,
+          :max_time_usage_pct,
+          :thread_api,
+          :cpu_time_provider
+
+        def initialize(
+          recorder,
+          max_frames:,
+          trace_identifiers_helper:, # Usually an instance of Profiling::TraceIdentifiers::Helper
+          ignore_thread: nil,
+          max_time_usage_pct: DEFAULT_MAX_TIME_USAGE_PCT,
+          max_threads_sampled: DEFAULT_MAX_THREADS_SAMPLED,
+          thread_api: Thread,
+          cpu_time_provider: Profiling::NativeExtension,
+          fork_policy: Core::Workers::Async::Thread::FORK_POLICY_RESTART, # Restart in forks by default
+          interval: MIN_INTERVAL,
+          enabled: true
+        )
+          @recorder = recorder
+          @max_frames = max_frames
+          @trace_identifiers_helper = trace_identifiers_helper
+          @ignore_thread = ignore_thread
+          @max_time_usage_pct = max_time_usage_pct
+          @max_threads_sampled = max_threads_sampled
+          @thread_api = thread_api
+          # Only set the provider if it's able to work in the current Ruby/OS combo
+          @cpu_time_provider = cpu_time_provider unless cpu_time_provider.cpu_time_ns_for(thread_api.current).nil?
+
+          # Workers::Async::Thread settings
+          self.fork_policy = fork_policy
+
+          # Workers::IntervalLoop settings
+          self.loop_base_interval = interval
+
+          # Workers::Polling settings
+          self.enabled = enabled
+
+          # Cache this proc, since it's pretty expensive to keep recreating it
+          @build_backtrace_location = method(:build_backtrace_location).to_proc
+          # Cache this buffer, since it's pretty expensive to keep accessing it
+          @stack_sample_event_recorder = recorder[Events::StackSample]
+          # See below for details on why this is needed
+          @needs_process_waiter_workaround =
+            Gem::Version.new(RUBY_VERSION) >= Gem::Version.new('2.3') &&
+            Gem::Version.new(RUBY_VERSION) < Gem::Version.new('2.7')
+        end
+
+        def start
+          reset_cpu_time_tracking
+          perform
+        end
+
+        def perform
+          collect_and_wait
+        end
+
+        def collect_and_wait
+          run_time = Core::Utils::Time.measure do
+            collect_events
+          end
+
+          # Update wait time to throttle profiling
+          self.loop_wait_time = compute_wait_time(run_time)
+        end
+
+        def collect_events
+          events = []
+          current_wall_time_ns = get_current_wall_time_timestamp_ns
+
+          # Collect backtraces from each thread
+          threads_to_sample.each do |thread|
+            next unless thread.alive?
+            next if ignore_thread.is_a?(Proc) && ignore_thread.call(thread)
+
+            event = collect_thread_event(thread, current_wall_time_ns)
+            events << event unless event.nil?
+          end
+
+          # Send events to recorder
+          recorder.push(events) unless events.empty?
+
+          events
+        end
+
+        def collect_thread_event(thread, current_wall_time_ns)
+          locations = thread.backtrace_locations
+          return if locations.nil?
+
+          # Having empty locations means that the thread is alive, but we don't know what it's doing:
+          #
+          # 1. It can be starting up
+          #    ```
+          #    > Thread.new { sleep }.backtrace
+          #    => [] # <-- note the thread hasn't actually started running sleep yet, we got there first
+          #    ```
+          # 2. It can be running native code
+          #    ```
+          #    > t = Process.detach(fork { sleep })
+          #    => #<Process::Waiter:0x00007ffe7285f7a0 run>
+          #    > t.backtrace
+          #    => [] # <-- this can happen even minutes later, e.g. it's not a race as in 1.
+          #    ```
+          #    This effect has been observed in threads created by the Iodine web server and the ffi gem
+          #
+          # To give customers visibility into these threads, we replace the empty stack with one containing a
+          # synthetic placeholder frame, so that these threads are properly represented in the UX.
+          locations = SYNTHETIC_STACK_IN_NATIVE_CODE if locations.empty?
+
+          # Get actual stack size then trim the stack
+          stack_size = locations.length
+          locations = locations[0..(max_frames - 1)]
+
+          # Convert backtrace locations into structs
+          locations = convert_backtrace_locations(locations)
+
+          thread_id = thread.object_id
+          root_span_id, span_id, trace_resource = trace_identifiers_helper.trace_identifiers_for(thread)
+          cpu_time = get_cpu_time_interval!(thread)
+          wall_time_interval_ns =
+            get_elapsed_since_last_sample_and_set_value(thread, THREAD_LAST_WALL_CLOCK_KEY, current_wall_time_ns)
+
+          Events::StackSample.new(
+            nil,
+            locations,
+            stack_size,
+            thread_id,
+            root_span_id,
+            span_id,
+            trace_resource,
+            cpu_time,
+            wall_time_interval_ns
+          )
+        end
+
+        def get_cpu_time_interval!(thread)
+          return unless cpu_time_provider
+
+          current_cpu_time_ns = cpu_time_provider.cpu_time_ns_for(thread)
+
+          return unless current_cpu_time_ns
+
+          get_elapsed_since_last_sample_and_set_value(thread, THREAD_LAST_CPU_TIME_KEY, current_cpu_time_ns)
+        end
+
+        def compute_wait_time(used_time)
+          # We took used_time to get the last sample.
+          #
+          # What we're computing here is -- if used_time corresponds to max_time_usage_pct of the time we should
+          # spend working, how much is (100% - max_time_usage_pct) of the time?
+          #
+          # For instance, if we took 10ms to sample, and max_time_usage_pct is 1%, then the other 99% is 990ms, which
+          # means we need to sleep for 990ms to guarantee that we don't spend more than 1% of the time working.
+          used_time_ns = used_time * 1e9
+          interval = (used_time_ns / (max_time_usage_pct / 100.0)) - used_time_ns
+          [interval / 1e9, MIN_INTERVAL].max
+        end
+
+        # Convert backtrace locations into structs
+        # Re-use old backtrace location objects if they already exist in the buffer
+        def convert_backtrace_locations(locations)
+          locations.collect do |location|
+            # Re-use existing BacktraceLocation if identical copy, otherwise build a new one.
+            @stack_sample_event_recorder.cache(:backtrace_locations).fetch(
+              # Function name
+              location.base_label,
+              # Line number
+              location.lineno,
+              # Filename
+              location.path,
+              # Build function
+              &@build_backtrace_location
+            )
+          end
+        end
+
+        def build_backtrace_location(_id, base_label, lineno, path)
+          string_table = @stack_sample_event_recorder.string_table
+
+          Profiling::BacktraceLocation.new(
+            string_table.fetch_string(base_label),
+            lineno,
+            string_table.fetch_string(path)
+          )
+        end
+
+        def reset_after_fork
+          recorder.reset_after_fork
+
+          # NOTE: We could perhaps also call #reset_cpu_time_tracking here, although it's not needed because we always
+          # call in in #start.
+        end
+
+        private
+
+        # If the profiler is started for a while, stopped and then restarted OR whenever the process forks, we need to
+        # clean up any leftover per-thread counters, so that the first sample after starting doesn't end up with:
+        #
+        # a) negative time: At least on my test docker container, and on the reliability environment, after the process
+        #    forks, the cpu time reference changes and (old cpu time - new cpu time) can be < 0
+        #
+        # b) large amount of time: if the profiler was started, then stopped for some amount of time, and then
+        #    restarted, we don't want the first sample to be "blamed" for multiple minutes of CPU time
+        #
+        # By resetting the last cpu time seen, we start with a clean slate every time we start the stack collector.
+        def reset_cpu_time_tracking
+          thread_api.list.each do |thread|
+            # See below for details on why this is needed
+            next if @needs_process_waiter_workaround && thread.is_a?(::Process::Waiter)
+
+            thread.thread_variable_set(THREAD_LAST_CPU_TIME_KEY, nil)
+            thread.thread_variable_set(THREAD_LAST_WALL_CLOCK_KEY, nil)
+          end
+        end
+
+        def get_elapsed_since_last_sample_and_set_value(thread, key, current_value)
+          # Process::Waiter crash workaround:
+          #
+          # This is a workaround for a Ruby VM segfault (usually something like
+          # "[BUG] Segmentation fault at 0x0000000000000008") in the affected Ruby versions.
+          # See https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17807 for details.
+          #
+          # In those Ruby versions, there's a very special subclass of `Thread` called `Process::Waiter` that causes VM
+          # crashes whenever something tries to read its instance or thread variables. This subclass of thread only
+          # shows up when the `Process.detach` API gets used.
+          # In the specs you'll find crash regression tests that include a way of reproducing it.
+          #
+          # As workaround for now we just skip it for the affected Rubies
+          return 0 if @needs_process_waiter_workaround && thread.is_a?(::Process::Waiter)
+
+          last_value = thread.thread_variable_get(key) || current_value
+          thread.thread_variable_set(key, current_value)
+
+          current_value - last_value
+        end
+
+        # Whenever there are more than max_threads_sampled active, we only sample a subset of them.
+        # We do this to avoid impacting the latency of the service being profiled. We want to avoid doing
+        # a big burst of work all at once (sample everything), and instead do a little work each time
+        # (sample a bit by bit).
+        #
+        # Because we pick the threads to sample randomly, we'll eventually sample all threads -- just not at once.
+        # Notice also that this will interact with our dynamic sampling mechanism -- if samples are faster, we take
+        # them more often, if they are slower, we take them less often -- which again means that over a longer period
+        # we should take sample roughly the same samples.
+        #
+        # One downside of this approach is that if there really are many threads, the resulting wall clock times
+        # in a one minute profile may "drift" around the 60 second mark, e.g. maybe we only sampled a thread once per
+        # second and only 59 times, so we'll report 59s, but on the next report we'll include the missing one, so
+        # then the result will be 61s. I've observed 60 +- 1.68 secs for an app with ~65 threads, given the
+        # default maximum of 16 threads. This seems a reasonable enough margin of error given the improvement to
+        # latency (especially on such a large application! -> even bigger latency impact if we tried to sample all
+        # threads).
+        #
+        def threads_to_sample
+          all_threads = thread_api.list
+
+          if all_threads.size > @max_threads_sampled
+            all_threads.sample(@max_threads_sampled)
+          else
+            all_threads
+          end
+        end
+
+        def get_current_wall_time_timestamp_ns
+          Core::Utils::Time.get_time(:nanosecond)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/datadog/profiling/collectors/stack.rb

@@ -1,296 +1,12 @@
-# typed: true
-
-require 'datadog/core/utils/only_once'
-require 'datadog/core/utils/time'
-require 'datadog/core/worker'
-require 'datadog/core/workers/polling'
-require 'datadog/profiling/backtrace_location'
-require 'datadog/profiling/events/stack'
-require 'datadog/profiling/native_extension'
+# typed: false
 
 module Datadog
   module Profiling
     module Collectors
-      # Collects stack trace samples from Ruby threads for both CPU-time (if available) and wall-clock.
-      # Runs on its own background thread.
+      # Used to gather a stack trace from a given Ruby thread. Stores its output on a `StackRecorder`.
       #
-      class Stack < Core::Worker # rubocop:disable Metrics/ClassLength
-        include Core::Workers::Polling
-
-        DEFAULT_MAX_TIME_USAGE_PCT = 2.0
-        MIN_INTERVAL = 0.01
-        THREAD_LAST_CPU_TIME_KEY = :datadog_profiler_last_cpu_time
-        THREAD_LAST_WALL_CLOCK_KEY = :datadog_profiler_last_wall_clock
-        SYNTHETIC_STACK_IN_NATIVE_CODE = [BacktraceLocation.new('', 0, 'In native code').freeze].freeze
-
-        # This default was picked based on the current sampling performance and on expected concurrency on an average
-        # Ruby MRI application. Lowering this optimizes for latency (less impact each time we sample), and raising
-        # optimizes for coverage (less chance to miss what a given thread is doing).
-        DEFAULT_MAX_THREADS_SAMPLED = 16
-
-        attr_reader \
-          :recorder,
-          :max_frames,
-          :trace_identifiers_helper,
-          :ignore_thread,
-          :max_time_usage_pct,
-          :thread_api,
-          :cpu_time_provider
-
-        def initialize(
-          recorder,
-          max_frames:,
-          trace_identifiers_helper:, # Usually an instance of Profiling::TraceIdentifiers::Helper
-          ignore_thread: nil,
-          max_time_usage_pct: DEFAULT_MAX_TIME_USAGE_PCT,
-          max_threads_sampled: DEFAULT_MAX_THREADS_SAMPLED,
-          thread_api: Thread,
-          cpu_time_provider: Profiling::NativeExtension,
-          fork_policy: Core::Workers::Async::Thread::FORK_POLICY_RESTART, # Restart in forks by default
-          interval: MIN_INTERVAL,
-          enabled: true
-        )
-          @recorder = recorder
-          @max_frames = max_frames
-          @trace_identifiers_helper = trace_identifiers_helper
-          @ignore_thread = ignore_thread
-          @max_time_usage_pct = max_time_usage_pct
-          @max_threads_sampled = max_threads_sampled
-          @thread_api = thread_api
-          # Only set the provider if it's able to work in the current Ruby/OS combo
-          @cpu_time_provider = cpu_time_provider unless cpu_time_provider.cpu_time_ns_for(thread_api.current).nil?
-
-          # Workers::Async::Thread settings
-          self.fork_policy = fork_policy
-
-          # Workers::IntervalLoop settings
-          self.loop_base_interval = interval
-
-          # Workers::Polling settings
-          self.enabled = enabled
-
-          # Cache this proc, since it's pretty expensive to keep recreating it
-          @build_backtrace_location = method(:build_backtrace_location).to_proc
-          # Cache this buffer, since it's pretty expensive to keep accessing it
-          @stack_sample_event_recorder = recorder[Events::StackSample]
-          # See below for details on why this is needed
-          @needs_process_waiter_workaround =
-            Gem::Version.new(RUBY_VERSION) >= Gem::Version.new('2.3') &&
-            Gem::Version.new(RUBY_VERSION) < Gem::Version.new('2.7')
-        end
-
-        def start
-          reset_cpu_time_tracking
-          perform
-        end
-
-        def perform
-          collect_and_wait
-        end
-
-        def collect_and_wait
-          run_time = Core::Utils::Time.measure do
-            collect_events
-          end
-
-          # Update wait time to throttle profiling
-          self.loop_wait_time = compute_wait_time(run_time)
-        end
-
-        def collect_events
-          events = []
-          current_wall_time_ns = get_current_wall_time_timestamp_ns
-
-          # Collect backtraces from each thread
-          threads_to_sample.each do |thread|
-            next unless thread.alive?
-            next if ignore_thread.is_a?(Proc) && ignore_thread.call(thread)
-
-            event = collect_thread_event(thread, current_wall_time_ns)
-            events << event unless event.nil?
-          end
-
-          # Send events to recorder
-          recorder.push(events) unless events.empty?
-
-          events
-        end
-
-        def collect_thread_event(thread, current_wall_time_ns)
-          locations = thread.backtrace_locations
-          return if locations.nil?
-
-          # Having empty locations means that the thread is alive, but we don't know what it's doing:
-          #
-          # 1. It can be starting up
-          #    ```
-          #    > Thread.new { sleep }.backtrace
-          #    => [] # <-- note the thread hasn't actually started running sleep yet, we got there first
-          #    ```
-          # 2. It can be running native code
-          #    ```
-          #    > t = Process.detach(fork { sleep })
-          #    => #<Process::Waiter:0x00007ffe7285f7a0 run>
-          #    > t.backtrace
-          #    => [] # <-- this can happen even minutes later, e.g. it's not a race as in 1.
-          #    ```
-          #    This effect has been observed in threads created by the Iodine web server and the ffi gem
-          #
-          # To give customers visibility into these threads, we replace the empty stack with one containing a
-          # synthetic placeholder frame, so that these threads are properly represented in the UX.
-          locations = SYNTHETIC_STACK_IN_NATIVE_CODE if locations.empty?
-
-          # Get actual stack size then trim the stack
-          stack_size = locations.length
-          locations = locations[0..(max_frames - 1)]
-
-          # Convert backtrace locations into structs
-          locations = convert_backtrace_locations(locations)
-
-          thread_id = thread.object_id
-          root_span_id, span_id, trace_resource = trace_identifiers_helper.trace_identifiers_for(thread)
-          cpu_time = get_cpu_time_interval!(thread)
-          wall_time_interval_ns =
-            get_elapsed_since_last_sample_and_set_value(thread, THREAD_LAST_WALL_CLOCK_KEY, current_wall_time_ns)
-
-          Events::StackSample.new(
-            nil,
-            locations,
-            stack_size,
-            thread_id,
-            root_span_id,
-            span_id,
-            trace_resource,
-            cpu_time,
-            wall_time_interval_ns
-          )
-        end
-
-        def get_cpu_time_interval!(thread)
-          return unless cpu_time_provider
-
-          current_cpu_time_ns = cpu_time_provider.cpu_time_ns_for(thread)
-
-          return unless current_cpu_time_ns
-
-          get_elapsed_since_last_sample_and_set_value(thread, THREAD_LAST_CPU_TIME_KEY, current_cpu_time_ns)
-        end
-
-        def compute_wait_time(used_time)
-          # We took used_time to get the last sample.
-          #
-          # What we're computing here is -- if used_time corresponds to max_time_usage_pct of the time we should
-          # spend working, how much is (100% - max_time_usage_pct) of the time?
-          #
-          # For instance, if we took 10ms to sample, and max_time_usage_pct is 1%, then the other 99% is 990ms, which
-          # means we need to sleep for 990ms to guarantee that we don't spend more than 1% of the time working.
-          used_time_ns = used_time * 1e9
-          interval = (used_time_ns / (max_time_usage_pct / 100.0)) - used_time_ns
-          [interval / 1e9, MIN_INTERVAL].max
-        end
-
-        # Convert backtrace locations into structs
-        # Re-use old backtrace location objects if they already exist in the buffer
-        def convert_backtrace_locations(locations)
-          locations.collect do |location|
-            # Re-use existing BacktraceLocation if identical copy, otherwise build a new one.
-            @stack_sample_event_recorder.cache(:backtrace_locations).fetch(
-              # Function name
-              location.base_label,
-              # Line number
-              location.lineno,
-              # Filename
-              location.path,
-              # Build function
-              &@build_backtrace_location
-            )
-          end
-        end
-
-        def build_backtrace_location(_id, base_label, lineno, path)
-          string_table = @stack_sample_event_recorder.string_table
-
-          Profiling::BacktraceLocation.new(
-            string_table.fetch_string(base_label),
-            lineno,
-            string_table.fetch_string(path)
-          )
-        end
-
-        private
-
-        # If the profiler is started for a while, stopped and then restarted OR whenever the process forks, we need to
-        # clean up any leftover per-thread counters, so that the first sample after starting doesn't end up with:
-        #
-        # a) negative time: At least on my test docker container, and on the reliability environment, after the process
-        #    forks, the cpu time reference changes and (old cpu time - new cpu time) can be < 0
-        #
-        # b) large amount of time: if the profiler was started, then stopped for some amount of time, and then
-        #    restarted, we don't want the first sample to be "blamed" for multiple minutes of CPU time
-        #
-        # By resetting the last cpu time seen, we start with a clean slate every time we start the stack collector.
-        def reset_cpu_time_tracking
-          thread_api.list.each do |thread|
-            # See below for details on why this is needed
-            next if @needs_process_waiter_workaround && thread.is_a?(::Process::Waiter)
-
-            thread.thread_variable_set(THREAD_LAST_CPU_TIME_KEY, nil)
-            thread.thread_variable_set(THREAD_LAST_WALL_CLOCK_KEY, nil)
-          end
-        end
-
-        def get_elapsed_since_last_sample_and_set_value(thread, key, current_value)
-          # Process::Waiter crash workaround:
-          #
-          # This is a workaround for a Ruby VM segfault (usually something like
-          # "[BUG] Segmentation fault at 0x0000000000000008") in the affected Ruby versions.
-          # See https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17807 for details.
-          #
-          # In those Ruby versions, there's a very special subclass of `Thread` called `Process::Waiter` that causes VM
-          # crashes whenever something tries to read its instance or thread variables. This subclass of thread only
-          # shows up when the `Process.detach` API gets used.
-          # In the specs you'll find crash regression tests that include a way of reproducing it.
-          #
-          # As workaround for now we just skip it for the affected Rubies
-          return 0 if @needs_process_waiter_workaround && thread.is_a?(::Process::Waiter)
-
-          last_value = thread.thread_variable_get(key) || current_value
-          thread.thread_variable_set(key, current_value)
-
-          current_value - last_value
-        end
-
-        # Whenever there are more than max_threads_sampled active, we only sample a subset of them.
-        # We do this to avoid impacting the latency of the service being profiled. We want to avoid doing
-        # a big burst of work all at once (sample everything), and instead do a little work each time
-        # (sample a bit by bit).
-        #
-        # Because we pick the threads to sample randomly, we'll eventually sample all threads -- just not at once.
-        # Notice also that this will interact with our dynamic sampling mechanism -- if samples are faster, we take
-        # them more often, if they are slower, we take them less often -- which again means that over a longer period
-        # we should take sample roughly the same samples.
-        #
-        # One downside of this approach is that if there really are many threads, the resulting wall clock times
-        # in a one minute profile may "drift" around the 60 second mark, e.g. maybe we only sampled a thread once per
-        # second and only 59 times, so we'll report 59s, but on the next report we'll include the missing one, so
-        # then the result will be 61s. I've observed 60 +- 1.68 secs for an app with ~65 threads, given the
-        # default maximum of 16 threads. This seems a reasonable enough margin of error given the improvement to
-        # latency (especially on such a large application! -> even bigger latency impact if we tried to sample all
-        # threads).
-        #
-        def threads_to_sample
-          all_threads = thread_api.list
-
-          if all_threads.size > @max_threads_sampled
-            all_threads.sample(@max_threads_sampled)
-          else
-            all_threads
-          end
-        end
-
-        def get_current_wall_time_timestamp_ns
-          Core::Utils::Time.get_time(:nanosecond)
-        end
+      # This class is not empty; all of this class is implemented as native code.
+      class Stack # rubocop:disable Lint/EmptyClass
       end
     end
   end

data/lib/datadog/profiling/encoding/profile.rb

@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
 # typed: true
 
-require 'set'
 require 'time'
 
-require 'datadog/core'
-require 'datadog/profiling/flush'
-require 'datadog/profiling/pprof/template'
+require_relative '../pprof/template'
 
 module Datadog
   module Profiling
@@ -15,31 +12,29 @@ module Datadog
         module Protobuf
           module_function
 
-          def encode(flush)
-            return unless flush
-
+          def encode(event_count:, event_groups:, start:, finish:)
             # Create a pprof template from the list of event types
-            event_classes = flush.event_groups.collect(&:event_class).uniq
+            event_classes = event_groups.collect(&:event_class).uniq
             template = Pprof::Template.for_event_classes(event_classes)
 
             # Add all events to the pprof
-            flush.event_groups.each { |event_group| template.add_events!(event_group.event_class, event_group.events) }
+            event_groups.each { |event_group| template.add_events!(event_group.event_class, event_group.events) }
 
             Datadog.logger.debug do
               max_events = Datadog.configuration.profiling.advanced.max_events
               events_sampled =
-                if flush.event_count == max_events
+                if event_count == max_events
                   'max events limit hit, events were sampled [profile will be biased], '
                 else
                   ''
                 end
 
-              "Encoding profile covering #{flush.start.iso8601} to #{flush.finish.iso8601}, " \
-              "events: #{flush.event_count} (#{events_sampled}#{template.debug_statistics})"
+              "Encoding profile covering #{start.iso8601} to #{finish.iso8601}, " \
+              "events: #{event_count} (#{events_sampled}#{template.debug_statistics})"
             end
 
             # Build the profile and encode it
-            template.to_pprof(start: flush.start, finish: flush.finish)
+            template.to_pprof(start: start, finish: finish)
           end
         end
       end

data/lib/datadog/profiling/events/stack.rb

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # typed: true
 
-require 'datadog/profiling/event'
+require_relative '../event'
 
 module Datadog
   module Profiling