ddtrace 0.35.2 → 0.40.0

data/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -2,6 +2,185 @@
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+## [0.40.0] - 2020-09-08
+
+Release notes: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-rb/releases/tag/v0.40.0
+
+Git diff: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-rb/compare/v0.39.0...v0.40.0
+
+### Added
+
+- Rails `log_injection` option to auto enable log correlation (#1157)
+- Que integration (#1141, #1146) (@hs-bguven)
+- `Components#startup!` hook (#1151)
+- Code coverage report (#1159)
+  - Every commit now has a `coverage` CI step that contains the code coverage report. This report can be found in the `Artifacts` tab of that CI step, under `coverage/index.html`.
+
+### Changed
+
+- Use a single top level span for Racecar consumers (#1150) (@dasch)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Sinatra nested modular applications possibly leaking spans (#1035, #1145)
+  
+  * **BREAKING** for nested modular Sinatra applications only:
+    ```ruby
+    class Nested < Sinatra::Base
+    end
+    
+    class TopLevel < Sinatra::Base
+      use Nested # Nesting happens here
+    end
+    ```
+  * Non-breaking for classic applications nor modular non-nested applications.
+  
+  Fixes issues introduced by #1015 (in 0.35.0), when we first introduced Sinatra support for modular applications.
+  
+  The main issue we had to solve for modular support is how to handle nested applications, as only one application is actually responsible for handling the route. A naive implementation would cause the creation of nested `sinatra.request` spans, even for applications that did not handle the request. This is technically correct, as Sinatra is traversing that middleware, accruing overhead, but that does not aligned with our existing behavior of having a single `sinatra.request` span.
+  
+  While trying to achieve backwards-compatibility, we had to resort to a solution that turned out brittle: `sinatra.request` spans had to start in one middleware level and finished it in another. This allowed us to only capture the `sinatra.request` for the matching route, and skip the non-matching one. This caused unexpected issues on some user setups, specially around Sinatra middleware that created spans in between the initialization and closure of `sinatra.request` spans.
+  
+  This change now address these implementation issues by creating multiple `sinatra.request`, one for each traversed Sinatra application, even non-matching ones. This instrumentation is more correct, but at the cost of being a breaking change for nested modular applications.
+  
+  Please see #1145 for more information, and example screenshots on how traces for affected applications will look like.
+
+- Rack/Rails span error propagation with `rescue_from` (#1155, #1162)
+- Prevent logger recursion during startup (#1158)
+- Race condition on new worker classes (#1154)
+  - These classes represent future work, and not being used at the moment.
+
+### Refactored
+
+- Run CI tests in parallel (#1156)
+- Migrate minitest tests to RSpec (#1127, #1128, #1133, #1149, #1152, #1153)
+- Improvements to test suite (#1134, #1148, #1163)
+- Improvements to documentation (#1138)
+
+### Removed
+
+- **Ruby 1.9 support ended, as it transitions from Maintenance to End-Of-Life (#1137)**
+- GitLab status check when not applicable (#1160)
+  - Allows for PRs pass all status checks once again. Before this change, a `dd-gitlab/copy_to_s3` check would never leave the "Pending" status. This check tracks the deployment of a commit to an internal testing platform, which currently only happens on `master` branch or when manually triggered internally.
+
+## [0.39.0] - 2020-08-05
+
+Release notes: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-rb/releases/tag/v0.39.0
+
+Git diff: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-rb/compare/v0.38.0...v0.39.0
+
+### Added
+
+- JRuby 9.2 support (#1126)
+- Sneakers integration (#1121) (@janz93)
+
+### Changed
+
+- Consistent environment variables across languages (#1115)
+- Default logger level from WARN to INFO (#1120) (@gingerlime)
+  - This change also reduces the startup environment log message to INFO level (#1104)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- HTTP::StateError on error responses for http.rb (#1116, #1122) (@evan-waters)
+- Startup log error when using the test adapter (#1125, #1131) (@benhutton)
+- Warning message for Faraday < 1.0 (#1129) (@fledman, @tjwp)
+- Propagate Rails error message to Rack span (#1124)
+
+### Refactored
+
+- Improved ActiveRecord documentation (#1119)
+- Improvements to test suite (#1105, #1118)
+
+## [0.38.0] - 2020-07-13
+
+Release notes: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-rb/releases/tag/v0.38.0
+
+Git diff: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-rb/compare/v0.37.0...v0.38.0
+
+### Added
+
+- http.rb integration (#529, #853)
+- Kafka integration (#1070) (@tjwp)
+- Span#set_tags (#1081) (@DocX)
+- retry_count tag for Sidekiq jobs (#1089) (@elyalvarado)
+- Startup environment log (#1104, #1109)
+- DD_SITE and DD_API_KEY configuration (#1107)
+
+### Changed
+
+- Auto instrument Faraday default connection (#1057)
+- Sidekiq client middleware is now the same for client and server (#1099) (@drcapulet)
+- Single pass SpanFilter (#1071) (@tjwp)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Ensure fatal exceptions are propagated (#1100)
+- Respect child_of: option in Tracer#trace (#1082) (@DocX)
+- Improve Writer thread safety (#1091) (@fledman)
+
+### Refactored
+
+- Improvements to test suite (#1092, #1103)
+
+## [0.37.0] - 2020-06-24
+
+Release notes: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-rb/releases/tag/v0.37.0
+
+Git diff: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-rb/compare/v0.36.0...v0.37.0
+
+### Refactored
+
+- Documentation improvements regarding Datadog Agent defaults (#1074) (@cswatt)
+- Improvements to test suite (#1043, #1051, #1062, #1075, #1076, #1086)
+
+### Removed
+
+- **DEPRECATION**: Deprecate Contrib::Configuration::Settings#tracer= (#1072, #1079)
+  - The `tracer:` option is no longer supported for integration configuration. A deprecation warning will be issued when this option is used.
+  - Tracer instances are dynamically created when `ddtrace` is reconfigured (through `Datadog.configure{}` calls).
+
+    A reference to a tracer instance cannot be stored as it will be replaced by a new instance during reconfiguration.
+
+    Retrieving the global tracer instance, by invoking `Datadog.tracer`, is the only safe mechanism to acquire the active tracer instance.
+
+    Allowing an integration to set its tracer instance is effectively preventing that integration from dynamically retrieving the current active tracer in the future, thus causing it to record spans in a stale tracer instance. Spans recorded in a stale tracer instance will look disconnected from their parent context.
+
+- **BREAKING**: Remove Pin#tracer= and DeprecatedPin#tracer= (#1073)
+  - The `Pin` and `DeprecatedPin` are internal tools used to provide more granular configuration for integrations.
+  - The APIs being removed are not public nor have been externally documented. The `DeprecatedPin` specifically has been considered deprecated since 0.20.0.
+  - This removal is a continuation of #1079 above, thus carrying the same rationale.
+
+### Migration
+
+- Remove `tracer` argument provided to integrations (e.g. `c.use :rails, tracer: ...`).
+- Remove `tracer` argument provided to `Pin` or `DeprecatedPin` initializers (e.g. `Pin.new(service, tracer: ...)`).
+- If you require a custom tracer instance, use a global instance configuration:
+    ```ruby
+    Datadog.configure do |c|
+      c.tracer.instance = custom_tracer
+    end
+    ```
+
+## [0.36.0] - 2020-05-27
+
+Release notes: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-rb/releases/tag/v0.36.0
+
+Git diff: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-rb/compare/v0.35.2...v0.36.0
+
+### Changed
+
+- Prevent trace components from being re-initialized multiple times during setup (#1037)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Allow Rails patching if Railties are loaded (#993, #1054) (@mustela, @bheemreddy181, @vramaiah)
+- Pin delegates to default tracer unless configured (#1041)
+
+### Refactored
+
+- Improvements to test suite (#1027, #1031, #1045, #1046, #1047)
+
 ## [0.35.2] - 2020-05-08
 
 Release notes: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-rb/releases/tag/v0.35.2
@@ -1216,7 +1395,12 @@ Release notes: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-rb/releases/tag/v0.3.1
 
 Git diff: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-rb/compare/v0.3.0...v0.3.1
 
-[Unreleased]: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-rb/compare/v0.35.2...master
+[Unreleased]: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-rb/compare/v0.40.0...master
+[0.40.0]: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-rb/compare/v0.39.0...v0.40.0
+[0.39.0]: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-rb/compare/v0.38.0...v0.39.0
+[0.38.0]: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-rb/compare/v0.37.0...v0.38.0
+[0.37.0]: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-rb/compare/v0.36.0...v0.37.0
+[0.36.0]: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-rb/compare/v0.35.2...v0.36.0
 [0.35.2]: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-rb/compare/v0.35.1...v0.35.2
 [0.35.1]: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-rb/compare/v0.35.0...v0.35.1
 [0.35.0]: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-rb/compare/v0.34.2...v0.35.0

data/Rakefile

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Dir.glob('tasks/*.rake').each { |r| import r }
 desc 'Run RSpec'
 # rubocop:disable Metrics/BlockLength
 namespace :spec do
-  task all: [:main,
+  task all: [:main, :benchmark,
              :rails, :railsredis, :railsactivejob,
              :elasticsearch, :http, :redis, :sidekiq, :sinatra]
 
@@ -21,6 +21,11 @@ namespace :spec do
     t.rspec_opts = args.to_a.join(' ')
   end
 
+  RSpec::Core::RakeTask.new(:benchmark) do |t, args|
+    t.pattern = 'spec/ddtrace/benchmark/**/*_spec.rb'
+    t.rspec_opts = args.to_a.join(' ')
+  end
+
   RSpec::Core::RakeTask.new(:opentracer) do |t, args|
     t.pattern = 'spec/ddtrace/opentracer/**/*_spec.rb'
     t.rspec_opts = args.to_a.join(' ')
@@ -90,9 +95,12 @@ namespace :spec do
     :graphql,
     :grpc,
     :http,
+    :httprb,
+    :kafka,
     :mongodb,
     :mysql2,
     :presto,
+    :que,
     :racecar,
     :rack,
     :rake,
@@ -103,6 +111,7 @@ namespace :spec do
     :shoryuken,
     :sidekiq,
     :sinatra,
+    :sneakers,
     :sucker_punch,
     :suite
   ].each do |contrib|
@@ -116,7 +125,7 @@ end
 namespace :test do
   task all: [:main,
              :rails,
-             :sidekiq, :monkey]
+             :monkey]
 
   Rake::TestTask.new(:main) do |t|
     t.libs << %w[test lib]
@@ -134,9 +143,6 @@ namespace :test do
   end
 
   [
-    :grape,
-    :sidekiq,
-    :sucker_punch
   ].each do |contrib|
     Rake::TestTask.new(contrib) do |t|
       t.libs << %w[test lib]
@@ -178,6 +184,21 @@ task :'release:docs' => :docs do
   sh "aws s3 cp --recursive doc/ s3://#{S3_BUCKET}/#{S3_DIR}/docs/"
 end
 
+# Declare a command for execution.
+# Jobs are parallelized if running in CI.
+def declare(*args)
+  total_executors = ENV.key?('CIRCLE_NODE_TOTAL') ? ENV['CIRCLE_NODE_TOTAL'].to_i : nil
+  current_executor = ENV.key?('CIRCLE_NODE_INDEX') ? ENV['CIRCLE_NODE_INDEX'].to_i : nil
+
+  if total_executors && current_executor && total_executors > 1
+    @execution_count ||= 0
+    @execution_count += 1
+    sh(*args) if @execution_count % total_executors == current_executor
+  else
+    sh(*args)
+  end
+end
+
 desc 'CI task; it runs all tests for current version of Ruby'
 task :ci do
   if Gem::Version.new(RUBY_VERSION) < Gem::Version.new(Datadog::VERSION::MINIMUM_RUBY_VERSION)
@@ -185,545 +206,584 @@ task :ci do
   elsif Gem::Version.new('2.0.0') <= Gem::Version.new(RUBY_VERSION) \
         && Gem::Version.new(RUBY_VERSION) < Gem::Version.new('2.1.0')
     # Main library
-    sh 'bundle exec rake test:main'
-    sh 'bundle exec rake spec:main'
-    sh 'bundle exec rake spec:contrib'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake test:main'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:main'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:contrib'
+    # Benchmarks
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:benchmark'
 
     if RUBY_PLATFORM != 'java'
       # Contrib minitests
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake test:monkey'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake test:sidekiq'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake test:sucker_punch'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake test:monkey'
       # Contrib specs
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:active_model_serializers'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:active_record'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:active_support'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:aws'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:concurrent_ruby'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:dalli'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:delayed_job'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:elasticsearch'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:ethon'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:excon'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:faraday'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:http'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:mongodb'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:mysql2'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:rack'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:rake'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:redis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:resque'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:rest_client'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:sequel'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:sidekiq'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:sinatra'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:sucker_punch'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:suite'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:active_model_serializers'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:active_record'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:active_support'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:aws'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:concurrent_ruby'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:dalli'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:delayed_job'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:elasticsearch'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:ethon'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:excon'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:faraday'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:http'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:httprb'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:mongodb'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:mysql2'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:rack'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:rake'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:redis'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:resque'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:rest_client'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:sequel'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:sidekiq'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:sinatra'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:sucker_punch'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:suite'
       # Rails minitests
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails30-postgres rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails30-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-mysql2 rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails30-postgres rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails30-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-mysql2 rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
       # Rails specs
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails30-postgres rake spec:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake spec:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails30-postgres rake spec:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake spec:rails'
       # Rails suite specs
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake spec:action_pack'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake spec:action_view'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-mysql2 rake spec:active_record'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake spec:active_support'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake spec:action_pack'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake spec:action_view'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-mysql2 rake spec:active_record'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake spec:active_support'
     end
   elsif Gem::Version.new('2.1.0') <= Gem::Version.new(RUBY_VERSION) \
         && Gem::Version.new(RUBY_VERSION) < Gem::Version.new('2.2.0')
     # Main library
-    sh 'bundle exec rake test:main'
-    sh 'bundle exec rake spec:main'
-    sh 'bundle exec rake spec:contrib'
-    sh 'bundle exec rake spec:opentracer'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake test:main'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:main'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:contrib'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:opentracer'
+    # Benchmarks
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:benchmark'
 
     if RUBY_PLATFORM != 'java'
       # Contrib minitests
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake test:monkey'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake test:sidekiq'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake test:sucker_punch'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake test:monkey'
       # Contrib specs
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:active_model_serializers'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:active_record'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:active_support'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:aws'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:concurrent_ruby'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:dalli'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:delayed_job'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:elasticsearch'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:ethon'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:excon'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:faraday'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:http'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:mongodb'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:mysql2'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:presto'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:rack'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:rake'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:redis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:resque'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:rest_client'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:sequel'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:sidekiq'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:sinatra'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:sucker_punch'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:suite'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:active_model_serializers'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:active_record'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:active_support'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:aws'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:concurrent_ruby'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:dalli'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:delayed_job'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:elasticsearch'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:ethon'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:excon'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:faraday'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:http'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:httprb'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:mongodb'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:mysql2'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:presto'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:rack'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:rake'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:redis'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:resque'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:rest_client'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:sequel'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:sidekiq'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:sinatra'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:sucker_punch'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:suite'
       # Rails minitests
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails30-postgres rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails30-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-mysql2 rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-mysql2 rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-postgres rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails30-postgres rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails30-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-mysql2 rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-mysql2 rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-postgres rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
       # Rails specs
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails30-postgres rake spec:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake spec:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-postgres rake spec:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails30-postgres rake spec:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake spec:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-postgres rake spec:rails'
       # Rails suite specs
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake spec:action_pack'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake spec:action_view'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-mysql2 rake spec:active_record'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake spec:active_support'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake spec:action_pack'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake spec:action_view'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-mysql2 rake spec:active_record'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake spec:active_support'
     end
   elsif Gem::Version.new('2.2.0') <= Gem::Version.new(RUBY_VERSION)\
         && Gem::Version.new(RUBY_VERSION) < Gem::Version.new('2.3.0')
     # Main library
-    sh 'bundle exec rake test:main'
-    sh 'bundle exec rake spec:main'
-    sh 'bundle exec rake spec:contrib'
-    sh 'bundle exec rake spec:opentracer'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake test:main'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:main'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:contrib'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:opentracer'
+    # Benchmarks
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:benchmark'
 
     if RUBY_PLATFORM != 'java'
       # Contrib minitests
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake test:grape'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake test:sidekiq'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake test:sucker_punch'
       # Contrib specs
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:action_pack'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:action_view'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_model_serializers'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_record'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_support'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:aws'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:concurrent_ruby'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:dalli'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:delayed_job'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:elasticsearch'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:ethon'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:excon'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:faraday'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:grape'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:graphql'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:grpc'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:http'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:mongodb'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:mysql2'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:presto'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:racecar'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rack'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rake'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:redis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:resque'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rest_client'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sequel'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:shoryuken'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sidekiq'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sinatra'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sucker_punch'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:suite'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:action_pack'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:action_view'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_model_serializers'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_record'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_support'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:aws'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:concurrent_ruby'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:dalli'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:delayed_job'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:elasticsearch'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:ethon'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:excon'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:faraday'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:grape'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:graphql'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:grpc'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:http'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:httprb'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:mongodb'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:mysql2'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:presto'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:que'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:racecar'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rack'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rake'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:redis'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:resque'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rest_client'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sequel'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:shoryuken'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sidekiq'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sinatra'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sneakers'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sucker_punch'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:suite'
       # Rails minitests
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails30-postgres rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails30-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-mysql2 rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-mysql2 rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-postgres rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-postgres-sidekiq rake spec:railsactivejob'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-mysql2 rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-redis-activesupport rake spec:railsredis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-sidekiq rake spec:railsactivejob'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails30-postgres rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails30-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-mysql2 rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-mysql2 rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-postgres rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-postgres-sidekiq rake spec:railsactivejob'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-mysql2 rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-redis-activesupport rake spec:railsredis'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-sidekiq rake spec:railsactivejob'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
       # Rails specs
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails30-postgres rake spec:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake spec:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-postgres rake spec:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake spec:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails30-postgres rake spec:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake spec:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-postgres rake spec:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake spec:rails'
     end
   elsif Gem::Version.new('2.3.0') <= Gem::Version.new(RUBY_VERSION) \
         && Gem::Version.new(RUBY_VERSION) < Gem::Version.new('2.4.0')
     # Main library
-    sh 'bundle exec rake test:main'
-    sh 'bundle exec rake spec:main'
-    sh 'bundle exec rake spec:contrib'
-    sh 'bundle exec rake spec:opentracer'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake test:main'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:main'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:contrib'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:opentracer'
+    # Benchmarks
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:benchmark'
 
     if RUBY_PLATFORM != 'java'
       # Contrib minitests
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake test:grape'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake test:sidekiq'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake test:sucker_punch'
       # Contrib specs
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:action_pack'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:action_view'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_model_serializers'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_record'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_support'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:aws'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:concurrent_ruby'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:dalli'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:delayed_job'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:elasticsearch'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:ethon'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:excon'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:faraday'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:grape'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:graphql'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:grpc'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:http'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:mongodb'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:mysql2'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:presto'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:racecar'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rack'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rake'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:redis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:resque'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rest_client'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sequel'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:shoryuken'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sidekiq'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sinatra'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sucker_punch'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:suite'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:action_pack'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:action_view'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_model_serializers'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_record'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_support'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:aws'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:concurrent_ruby'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:dalli'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:delayed_job'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:elasticsearch'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:ethon'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:excon'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:faraday'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:grape'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:graphql'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:grpc'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:http'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:httprb'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:mongodb'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:mysql2'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:presto'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:que'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:racecar'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rack'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rake'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:redis'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:resque'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rest_client'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sequel'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:shoryuken'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sidekiq'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sinatra'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sneakers'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sucker_punch'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:suite'
       # Contrib specs with old gem versions
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:faraday'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:faraday'
       # Rails minitests
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails30-postgres rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails30-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-mysql2 rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-mysql2 rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-postgres rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-postgres-sidekiq rake spec:railsactivejob'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-mysql2 rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-redis-activesupport rake spec:railsredis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-sidekiq rake spec:railsactivejob'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails30-postgres rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails30-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-mysql2 rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-mysql2 rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-postgres rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-postgres-sidekiq rake spec:railsactivejob'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-mysql2 rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-redis-activesupport rake spec:railsredis'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-sidekiq rake spec:railsactivejob'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
       # Rails specs
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails30-postgres rake spec:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake spec:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-postgres rake spec:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake spec:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails30-postgres rake spec:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails32-postgres rake spec:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails4-postgres rake spec:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake spec:rails'
     end
   elsif Gem::Version.new('2.4.0') <= Gem::Version.new(RUBY_VERSION) \
         && Gem::Version.new(RUBY_VERSION) < Gem::Version.new('2.5.0')
     # Main library
-    sh 'bundle exec rake test:main'
-    sh 'bundle exec rake spec:main'
-    sh 'bundle exec rake spec:contrib'
-    sh 'bundle exec rake spec:opentracer'
-    sh 'bundle exec rake spec:opentelemetry'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake test:main'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:main'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:contrib'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:opentracer'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:opentelemetry'
+    # Benchmarks
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:benchmark'
 
     if RUBY_PLATFORM != 'java'
       # Benchmarks
-      sh 'bundle exec rake benchmark'
+      declare 'bundle exec rake benchmark'
       # Contrib minitests
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake test:grape'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake test:sidekiq'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake test:sucker_punch'
       # Contrib specs
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:action_pack'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:action_view'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_model_serializers'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_record'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_support'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:aws'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:concurrent_ruby'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:dalli'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:delayed_job'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:elasticsearch'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:ethon'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:excon'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:faraday'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:grape'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:graphql'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:grpc'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:http'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:mongodb'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:mysql2'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:presto'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:racecar'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rack'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rake'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:redis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:resque'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rest_client'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sequel'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:shoryuken'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sidekiq'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sinatra'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sucker_punch'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:suite'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:action_pack'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:action_view'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_model_serializers'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_record'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_support'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:aws'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:concurrent_ruby'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:dalli'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:delayed_job'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:elasticsearch'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:ethon'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:excon'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:faraday'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:grape'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:graphql'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:grpc'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:http'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:httprb'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:mongodb'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:mysql2'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:presto'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:que'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:racecar'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rack'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rake'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:redis'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:resque'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rest_client'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sequel'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:shoryuken'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sidekiq'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sinatra'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sneakers'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sucker_punch'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:suite'
       # Contrib specs with old gem versions
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:faraday'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:faraday'
       # Rails minitests
       # We only test Rails 5+ because older versions require Bundler < 2.0
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-mysql2 rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-redis-activesupport rake spec:railsredis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-sidekiq rake spec:railsactivejob'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-mysql2 rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-redis-activesupport rake spec:railsredis'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-sidekiq rake spec:railsactivejob'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
       # Rails specs
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake spec:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake spec:rails'
     end
   elsif Gem::Version.new('2.5.0') <= Gem::Version.new(RUBY_VERSION) \
         && Gem::Version.new(RUBY_VERSION) < Gem::Version.new('2.6.0')
     # Main library
-    sh 'bundle exec rake test:main'
-    sh 'bundle exec rake spec:main'
-    sh 'bundle exec rake spec:contrib'
-    sh 'bundle exec rake spec:opentracer'
-    sh 'bundle exec rake spec:opentelemetry'
-
-    if RUBY_PLATFORM != 'java'
-      # Benchmarks
-      sh 'bundle exec rake benchmark'
-      # Contrib minitests
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake test:grape'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake test:sidekiq'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake test:sucker_punch'
-      # Contrib specs
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:action_pack'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:action_view'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_model_serializers'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_record'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_support'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:aws'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:concurrent_ruby'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:dalli'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:delayed_job'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:elasticsearch'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:ethon'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:excon'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:faraday'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:grape'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:graphql'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:grpc'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:http'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:mongodb'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:mysql2'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:presto'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:racecar'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rack'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rake'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:redis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:resque'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rest_client'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sequel'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:shoryuken'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sidekiq'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sinatra'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sucker_punch'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:suite'
-      # Contrib specs with old gem versions
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:faraday'
-      # Rails minitests
-      # We only test Rails 5+ because older versions require Bundler < 2.0
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-mysql2 rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-redis-activesupport rake spec:railsredis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-sidekiq rake spec:railsactivejob'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-mysql2 rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres-redis-activesupport rake spec:railsredis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres-sidekiq rake spec:railsactivejob'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
-      # Rails specs
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-mysql2 rake spec:action_cable'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake spec:rails'
-      # sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-mysql2 rake spec:action_cable' # TODO: Hangs CI jobs... fix and re-enable.
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres rake spec:rails'
-    end
+    declare 'bundle exec rake test:main'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:main'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:contrib'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:opentracer'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:opentelemetry'
+    # Benchmarks
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:benchmark' if RUBY_PLATFORM != 'java' # Too slow due to repeated JVM instantiation
+    declare 'bundle exec rake benchmark'
+    # Contrib minitests
+    # Contrib specs
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:action_pack'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:action_view'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_model_serializers'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_record'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_support'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:aws'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:concurrent_ruby'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:dalli'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:delayed_job'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:elasticsearch'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:ethon'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:excon'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:faraday'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:grape'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:graphql'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:grpc' if RUBY_PLATFORM != 'java' # protobuf not supported
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:http'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:httprb'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:mongodb'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:mysql2' if RUBY_PLATFORM != 'java' # built-in jdbc is used instead
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:presto'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:que'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:racecar'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rack'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rake'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:redis'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:resque'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rest_client'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sequel'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:shoryuken'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sidekiq'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sinatra'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sneakers'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sucker_punch'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:suite'
+    # Contrib specs with old gem versions
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:faraday'
+    # Rails minitests
+    # We only test Rails 5+ because older versions require Bundler < 2.0
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-mysql2 rake test:rails'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake test:rails'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-redis-activesupport rake spec:railsredis'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-sidekiq rake spec:railsactivejob'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-mysql2 rake test:rails'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres rake test:rails'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres-redis-activesupport rake spec:railsredis'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres-sidekiq rake spec:railsactivejob'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
+    # Rails specs
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-mysql2 rake spec:action_cable'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake spec:rails'
+    # declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-mysql2 rake spec:action_cable' # TODO: Hangs CI jobs... fix and re-enable.
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
+    declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres rake spec:rails'
   elsif Gem::Version.new('2.6.0') <= Gem::Version.new(RUBY_VERSION) \
       && Gem::Version.new(RUBY_VERSION) < Gem::Version.new('2.7.0')
     # Main library
-    sh 'bundle exec rake test:main'
-    sh 'bundle exec rake spec:main'
-    sh 'bundle exec rake spec:contrib'
-    sh 'bundle exec rake spec:opentracer'
-    sh 'bundle exec rake spec:opentelemetry'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake test:main'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:main'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:contrib'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:opentracer'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:opentelemetry'
+    # Benchmarks
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:benchmark'
 
     if RUBY_PLATFORM != 'java'
       # Benchmarks
-      sh 'bundle exec rake benchmark'
+      declare 'bundle exec rake benchmark'
       # Contrib minitests
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake test:grape'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake test:sidekiq'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake test:sucker_punch'
       # Contrib specs
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:action_pack'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:action_view'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_model_serializers'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_record'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_support'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:aws'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:concurrent_ruby'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:dalli'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:delayed_job'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:elasticsearch'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:ethon'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:excon'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:faraday'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:grape'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:graphql'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:grpc'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:http'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:mongodb'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:mysql2'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:presto'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:racecar'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rack'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rake'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:redis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:resque'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rest_client'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sequel'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:shoryuken'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sidekiq'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sinatra'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sucker_punch'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:suite'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:action_pack'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:action_view'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_model_serializers'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_record'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_support'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:aws'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:concurrent_ruby'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:dalli'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:delayed_job'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:elasticsearch'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:ethon'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:excon'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:faraday'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:grape'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:graphql'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:grpc'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:http'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:httprb'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:mongodb'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:mysql2'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:presto'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:que'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:racecar'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rack'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rake'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:redis'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:resque'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rest_client'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sequel'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:shoryuken'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sidekiq'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sinatra'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sneakers'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sucker_punch'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:suite'
       # Contrib specs with old gem versions
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:faraday'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:faraday'
       # Rails minitests
       # We only test Rails 5+ because older versions require Bundler < 2.0
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-mysql2 rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-redis-activesupport rake spec:railsredis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-sidekiq rake spec:railsactivejob'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-mysql2 rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres-redis-activesupport rake spec:railsredis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres-sidekiq rake spec:railsactivejob'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-mysql2 rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-redis-activesupport rake spec:railsredis'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-sidekiq rake spec:railsactivejob'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-mysql2 rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres-redis-activesupport rake spec:railsredis'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres-sidekiq rake spec:railsactivejob'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
       # Rails specs
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-mysql2 rake spec:action_cable'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake spec:rails'
-      # sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-mysql2 rake spec:action_cable' # TODO: Hangs CI jobs... fix and re-enable.
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres rake spec:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-mysql2 rake spec:action_cable'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake spec:rails'
+      # declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-mysql2 rake spec:action_cable' # TODO: Hangs CI jobs... fix and re-enable.
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres rake spec:rails'
     end
   elsif Gem::Version.new('2.7.0') <= Gem::Version.new(RUBY_VERSION)
     # Main library
-    sh 'bundle exec rake test:main'
-    sh 'bundle exec rake spec:main'
-    sh 'bundle exec rake spec:contrib'
-    sh 'bundle exec rake spec:opentracer'
-    sh 'bundle exec rake spec:opentelemetry'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake test:main'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:main'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:contrib'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:opentracer'
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:opentelemetry'
+    # Benchmarks
+    declare 'bundle exec rake spec:benchmark'
 
     if RUBY_PLATFORM != 'java'
       # Benchmarks
-      sh 'bundle exec rake benchmark'
+      declare 'bundle exec rake benchmark'
       # Contrib minitests
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake test:grape'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake test:sidekiq'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake test:sucker_punch'
       # Contrib specs
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:action_pack'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:action_view'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_model_serializers'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_record'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_support'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:aws'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:concurrent_ruby'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:dalli'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:delayed_job'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:elasticsearch'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:ethon'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:excon'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:faraday'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:grape'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:graphql'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:grpc'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:http'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:mongodb'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:mysql2'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:presto'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:racecar'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rack'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rake'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:redis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:resque'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rest_client'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sequel'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:shoryuken'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sidekiq'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sinatra'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sucker_punch'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:suite'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:action_pack'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:action_view'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_model_serializers'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_record'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:active_support'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:aws'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:concurrent_ruby'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:dalli'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:delayed_job'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:elasticsearch'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:ethon'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:excon'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:faraday'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:grape'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:graphql'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:grpc'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:http'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:httprb'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:mongodb'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:mysql2'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:presto'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:que'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:racecar'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rack'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rake'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:redis'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:resque'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:rest_client'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sequel'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:shoryuken'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sidekiq'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sinatra'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sneakers'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:sucker_punch'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib rake spec:suite'
       # Contrib specs with old gem versions
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:faraday'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal contrib-old rake spec:faraday'
       # Rails minitests
       # We only test Rails 5+ because older versions require Bundler < 2.0
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-mysql2 rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-redis-activesupport rake spec:railsredis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-sidekiq rake spec:railsactivejob'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-mysql2 rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres rake test:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres-redis-activesupport rake spec:railsredis'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres-sidekiq rake spec:railsactivejob'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-mysql2 rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-redis-activesupport rake spec:railsredis'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres-sidekiq rake spec:railsactivejob'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-mysql2 rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres rake test:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres-redis rake spec:railsredis'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres-redis-activesupport rake spec:railsredis'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres-sidekiq rake spec:railsactivejob'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres rake spec:railsdisableenv'
       # Rails specs
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake spec:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
-      sh 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres rake spec:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails5-postgres rake spec:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-mysql2 rake spec:rails'
+      declare 'bundle exec appraisal rails6-postgres rake spec:rails'
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+namespace :coverage do
+  # Generates one global report for all tracer tests
+  task :report do
+    require 'simplecov'
+
+    resultset_files = Dir["#{ENV.fetch('COVERAGE_DIR', 'coverage')}/.resultset.json"] +
+                      Dir["#{ENV.fetch('COVERAGE_DIR', 'coverage')}/versions/**/.resultset.json"]
+
+    SimpleCov.collate resultset_files do
+      coverage_dir "#{ENV.fetch('COVERAGE_DIR', 'coverage')}/report"
+      formatter SimpleCov::Formatter::HTMLFormatter
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Generates one report for each Ruby version
+  task :report_per_ruby_version do
+    require 'simplecov'
+
+    versions = Dir["#{ENV.fetch('COVERAGE_DIR', 'coverage')}/versions/*"].map { |f| File.basename(f) }
+    versions.map do |version|
+      puts "Generating report for: #{version}"
+      SimpleCov.collate Dir["#{ENV.fetch('COVERAGE_DIR', 'coverage')}/versions/#{version}/**/.resultset.json"] do
+        coverage_dir "#{ENV.fetch('COVERAGE_DIR', 'coverage')}/report/versions/#{version}"
+        formatter SimpleCov::Formatter::HTMLFormatter
+      end
     end
   end
 end