date 2.0.0 → 3.0.2

data/ext/date/date_core.c

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #endif
 
+#undef NDEBUG
 #define NDEBUG
 #include <assert.h>
 
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@
 
 static ID id_cmp, id_le_p, id_ge_p, id_eqeq_p;
 static VALUE cDate, cDateTime;
+static VALUE eDateError;
 static VALUE half_days_in_day, day_in_nanoseconds;
 static double positive_inf, negative_inf;
 
@@ -54,6 +56,14 @@ static double positive_inf, negative_inf;
 static VALUE date_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
 static VALUE datetime_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
 
+#define RETURN_FALSE_UNLESS_NUMERIC(obj) if(!RTEST(rb_obj_is_kind_of((obj), rb_cNumeric))) return Qfalse
+inline static void
+check_numeric(VALUE obj, const char* field) {
+    if(!RTEST(rb_obj_is_kind_of(obj, rb_cNumeric))) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "invalid %s (not numeric)", field);
+    }
+}
+
 inline static int
 f_cmp(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
@@ -2470,6 +2480,7 @@ date_s_valid_jd_p(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &vjd, &vsg);
 
+    RETURN_FALSE_UNLESS_NUMERIC(vjd);
     argv2[0] = vjd;
     if (argc < 2)
 	argv2[1] = INT2FIX(DEFAULT_SG);
@@ -2545,9 +2556,12 @@ date_s__valid_civil_p(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  *    Date.valid_date?(year, month, mday[, start=Date::ITALY])   ->  bool
  *
  * Returns true if the given calendar date is valid, and false if not.
+ * Valid in this context is whether the arguments passed to this
+ * method would be accepted by ::new.
  *
  *    Date.valid_date?(2001,2,3)	#=> true
  *    Date.valid_date?(2001,2,29)	#=> false
+ *    Date.valid_date?(2001,2,-1)	#=> true
  *
  * See also ::jd and ::civil.
  */
@@ -2559,6 +2573,9 @@ date_s_valid_civil_p(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "31", &vy, &vm, &vd, &vsg);
 
+    RETURN_FALSE_UNLESS_NUMERIC(vy);
+    RETURN_FALSE_UNLESS_NUMERIC(vm);
+    RETURN_FALSE_UNLESS_NUMERIC(vd);
     argv2[0] = vy;
     argv2[1] = vm;
     argv2[2] = vd;
@@ -2640,6 +2657,8 @@ date_s_valid_ordinal_p(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &vy, &vd, &vsg);
 
+    RETURN_FALSE_UNLESS_NUMERIC(vy);
+    RETURN_FALSE_UNLESS_NUMERIC(vd);
     argv2[0] = vy;
     argv2[1] = vd;
     if (argc < 3)
@@ -2722,6 +2741,9 @@ date_s_valid_commercial_p(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "31", &vy, &vw, &vd, &vsg);
 
+    RETURN_FALSE_UNLESS_NUMERIC(vy);
+    RETURN_FALSE_UNLESS_NUMERIC(vw);
+    RETURN_FALSE_UNLESS_NUMERIC(vd);
     argv2[0] = vy;
     argv2[1] = vw;
     argv2[2] = vd;
@@ -2903,6 +2925,7 @@ date_s_julian_leap_p(VALUE klass, VALUE y)
     VALUE nth;
     int ry;
 
+    check_numeric(y, "year");
     decode_year(y, +1, &nth, &ry);
     return f_boolcast(c_julian_leap_p(ry));
 }
@@ -2924,6 +2947,7 @@ date_s_gregorian_leap_p(VALUE klass, VALUE y)
     VALUE nth;
     int ry;
 
+    check_numeric(y, "year");
     decode_year(y, -1, &nth, &ry);
     return f_boolcast(c_gregorian_leap_p(ry));
 }
@@ -3047,7 +3071,7 @@ old_to_new(VALUE ajd, VALUE of, VALUE sg,
     *rsg = NUM2DBL(sg);
 
     if (*rdf < 0 || *rdf >= DAY_IN_SECONDS)
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid day fraction");
+	rb_raise(eDateError, "invalid day fraction");
 
     if (f_lt_p(*rsf, INT2FIX(0)) ||
 	f_ge_p(*rsf, INT2FIX(SECOND_IN_NANOSECONDS)))
@@ -3209,7 +3233,7 @@ do {\
     s = s##_trunc(v##s, &fr);\
     if (f_nonzero_p(fr)) {\
 	if (argc > n)\
-	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid fraction");\
+	    rb_raise(eDateError, "invalid fraction");\
 	fr2 = fr;\
     }\
 } while (0)
@@ -3219,7 +3243,7 @@ do {\
     s = NUM2INT(s##_trunc(v##s, &fr));\
     if (f_nonzero_p(fr)) {\
 	if (argc > n)\
-	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid fraction");\
+	    rb_raise(eDateError, "invalid fraction");\
 	fr2 = fr;\
     }\
 } while (0)
@@ -3278,6 +3302,7 @@ date_s_jd(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
       case 2:
 	val2sg(vsg, sg);
       case 1:
+        check_numeric(vjd, "jd");
 	num2num_with_frac(jd, positive_inf);
     }
 
@@ -3330,8 +3355,10 @@ date_s_ordinal(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
       case 3:
 	val2sg(vsg, sg);
       case 2:
+        check_numeric(vd, "yday");
 	num2int_with_frac(d, positive_inf);
       case 1:
+        check_numeric(vy, "year");
 	y = vy;
     }
 
@@ -3343,7 +3370,7 @@ date_s_ordinal(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 			     &nth, &ry,
 			     &rd, &rjd,
 			     &ns))
-	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid date");
+	    rb_raise(eDateError, "invalid date");
 
 	ret = d_simple_new_internal(klass,
 				     nth, rjd,
@@ -3410,10 +3437,13 @@ date_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
       case 4:
 	val2sg(vsg, sg);
       case 3:
+        check_numeric(vd, "day");
 	num2int_with_frac(d, positive_inf);
       case 2:
+        check_numeric(vm, "month");
 	m = NUM2INT(vm);
       case 1:
+        check_numeric(vy, "year");
 	y = vy;
     }
 
@@ -3424,7 +3454,7 @@ date_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 	if (!valid_gregorian_p(y, m, d,
 			       &nth, &ry,
 			       &rm, &rd))
-	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid date");
+	    rb_raise(eDateError, "invalid date");
 
 	set_to_simple(self, dat, nth, 0, sg, ry, rm, rd, HAVE_CIVIL);
     }
@@ -3436,7 +3466,7 @@ date_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 			   &nth, &ry,
 			   &rm, &rd, &rjd,
 			   &ns))
-	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid date");
+	    rb_raise(eDateError, "invalid date");
 
 	set_to_simple(self, dat, nth, rjd, sg, ry, rm, rd, HAVE_JD | HAVE_CIVIL);
     }
@@ -3480,10 +3510,13 @@ date_s_commercial(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
       case 4:
 	val2sg(vsg, sg);
       case 3:
+        check_numeric(vd, "cwday");
 	num2int_with_frac(d, positive_inf);
       case 2:
+        check_numeric(vw, "cweek");
 	w = NUM2INT(vw);
       case 1:
+        check_numeric(vy, "year");
 	y = vy;
     }
 
@@ -3495,7 +3528,7 @@ date_s_commercial(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 				&nth, &ry,
 				&rw, &rd, &rjd,
 				&ns))
-	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid date");
+	    rb_raise(eDateError, "invalid date");
 
 	ret = d_simple_new_internal(klass,
 				    nth, rjd,
@@ -3545,7 +3578,7 @@ date_s_weeknum(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 			     &nth, &ry,
 			     &rw, &rd, &rjd,
 			     &ns))
-	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid date");
+	    rb_raise(eDateError, "invalid date");
 
 	ret = d_simple_new_internal(klass,
 				    nth, rjd,
@@ -3594,7 +3627,7 @@ date_s_nth_kday(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 			      &nth, &ry,
 			      &rm, &rn, &rk, &rjd,
 			      &ns))
-	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid date");
+	    rb_raise(eDateError, "invalid date");
 
 	ret = d_simple_new_internal(klass,
 				    nth, rjd,
@@ -3692,7 +3725,7 @@ rt_rewrite_frags(VALUE hash)
 {
     VALUE seconds;
 
-    seconds = ref_hash("seconds");
+    seconds = del_hash("seconds");
     if (!NIL_P(seconds)) {
 	VALUE offset, d, h, min, s, fr;
 
@@ -3717,7 +3750,6 @@ rt_rewrite_frags(VALUE hash)
 	set_hash("min", min);
 	set_hash("sec", s);
 	set_hash("sec_fraction", fr);
-	del_hash("seconds");
     }
     return hash;
 }
@@ -4142,7 +4174,7 @@ d_new_by_frags(VALUE klass, VALUE hash, VALUE sg)
     }
 
     if (NIL_P(hash))
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid date");
+	rb_raise(eDateError, "invalid date");
 
     if (NIL_P(ref_hash("jd")) &&
 	NIL_P(ref_hash("yday")) &&
@@ -4159,7 +4191,7 @@ d_new_by_frags(VALUE klass, VALUE hash, VALUE sg)
     }
 
     if (NIL_P(jd))
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid date");
+	rb_raise(eDateError, "invalid date");
     {
 	VALUE nth;
 	int rjd;
@@ -4214,12 +4246,10 @@ date_s__strptime_internal(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass,
 
 	if (!NIL_P(zone)) {
 	    rb_enc_copy(zone, vstr);
-	    OBJ_INFECT(zone, vstr);
 	    set_hash("zone", zone);
 	}
 	if (!NIL_P(left)) {
 	    rb_enc_copy(left, vstr);
-	    OBJ_INFECT(left, vstr);
 	    set_hash("leftover", left);
 	}
     }
@@ -4292,12 +4322,37 @@ date_s_strptime(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 
 VALUE date__parse(VALUE str, VALUE comp);
 
+static size_t
+get_limit(VALUE opt)
+{
+    if (!NIL_P(opt)) {
+        VALUE limit = rb_hash_aref(opt, ID2SYM(rb_intern("limit")));
+        if (NIL_P(limit)) return SIZE_MAX;
+        return NUM2SIZET(limit);
+    }
+    return 128;
+}
+
+static void
+check_limit(VALUE str, VALUE opt)
+{
+    StringValue(str);
+    size_t slen = RSTRING_LEN(str);
+    size_t limit = get_limit(opt);
+    if (slen > limit) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
+		 "string length (%"PRI_SIZE_PREFIX"u) exceeds the limit %"PRI_SIZE_PREFIX"u", slen, limit);
+    }
+}
+
 static VALUE
 date_s__parse_internal(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
-    VALUE vstr, vcomp, hash;
+    VALUE vstr, vcomp, hash, opt;
 
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &vstr, &vcomp);
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11:", &vstr, &vcomp, &opt);
+    if (!NIL_P(opt)) argc--;
+    check_limit(vstr, opt);
     StringValue(vstr);
     if (!rb_enc_str_asciicompat_p(vstr))
 	rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
@@ -4307,22 +4362,12 @@ date_s__parse_internal(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 
     hash = date__parse(vstr, vcomp);
 
-    {
-	VALUE zone = ref_hash("zone");
-
-	if (!NIL_P(zone)) {
-	    rb_enc_copy(zone, vstr);
-	    OBJ_INFECT(zone, vstr);
-	    set_hash("zone", zone);
-	}
-    }
-
     return hash;
 }
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    Date._parse(string[, comp=true])  ->  hash
+ *    Date._parse(string[, comp=true], limit: 128)  ->  hash
  *
  * Parses the given representation of date and time, and returns a
  * hash of parsed elements.  This method does not function as a
@@ -4333,6 +4378,10 @@ date_s__parse_internal(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  * it full.
  *
  *    Date._parse('2001-02-03')	#=> {:year=>2001, :mon=>2, :mday=>3}
+ *
+ * Raise an ArgumentError when the string length is longer than _limit_.
+ * You can stop this check by passing `limit: nil`, but note that
+ * it may take a long time to parse.
  */
 static VALUE
 date_s__parse(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
@@ -4342,7 +4391,7 @@ date_s__parse(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    Date.parse(string='-4712-01-01'[, comp=true[, start=Date::ITALY]])  ->  date
+ *    Date.parse(string='-4712-01-01'[, comp=true[, start=Date::ITALY]], limit: 128)  ->  date
  *
  * Parses the given representation of date and time, and creates a
  * date object.  This method does not function as a validator.
@@ -4354,13 +4403,18 @@ date_s__parse(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  *    Date.parse('2001-02-03')		#=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...>
  *    Date.parse('20010203')		#=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...>
  *    Date.parse('3rd Feb 2001')	#=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...>
+ *
+ * Raise an ArgumentError when the string length is longer than _limit_.
+ * You can stop this check by passing `limit: nil`, but note that
+ * it may take a long time to parse.
  */
 static VALUE
 date_s_parse(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
-    VALUE str, comp, sg;
+    VALUE str, comp, sg, opt;
 
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "03", &str, &comp, &sg);
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "03:", &str, &comp, &sg, &opt);
+    if (!NIL_P(opt)) argc--;
 
     switch (argc) {
       case 0:
@@ -4372,11 +4426,12 @@ date_s_parse(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     }
 
     {
-	VALUE argv2[2], hash;
-
-	argv2[0] = str;
-	argv2[1] = comp;
-	hash = date_s__parse(2, argv2, klass);
+        int argc2 = 2;
+	VALUE argv2[3];
+        argv2[0] = str;
+        argv2[1] = comp;
+        if (!NIL_P(opt)) argv2[argc2++] = opt;
+	VALUE hash = date_s__parse(argc2, argv2, klass);
 	return d_new_by_frags(klass, hash, sg);
     }
 }
@@ -4390,19 +4445,28 @@ VALUE date__jisx0301(VALUE);
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    Date._iso8601(string)  ->  hash
+ *    Date._iso8601(string, limit: 128)  ->  hash
  *
  * Returns a hash of parsed elements.
+ *
+ * Raise an ArgumentError when the string length is longer than _limit_.
+ * You can stop this check by passing `limit: nil`, but note that
+ * it may take a long time to parse.
  */
 static VALUE
-date_s__iso8601(VALUE klass, VALUE str)
+date_s__iso8601(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
+    VALUE str, opt;
+
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1:", &str, &opt);
+    check_limit(str, opt);
+
     return date__iso8601(str);
 }
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    Date.iso8601(string='-4712-01-01'[, start=Date::ITALY])  ->  date
+ *    Date.iso8601(string='-4712-01-01'[, start=Date::ITALY], limit: 128)  ->  date
  *
  * Creates a new Date object by parsing from a string according to
  * some typical ISO 8601 formats.
@@ -4410,13 +4474,18 @@ date_s__iso8601(VALUE klass, VALUE str)
  *    Date.iso8601('2001-02-03')	#=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...>
  *    Date.iso8601('20010203')		#=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...>
  *    Date.iso8601('2001-W05-6')	#=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...>
+ *
+ * Raise an ArgumentError when the string length is longer than _limit_.
+ * You can stop this check by passing `limit: nil`, but note that
+ * it may take a long time to parse.
  */
 static VALUE
 date_s_iso8601(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
-    VALUE str, sg;
+    VALUE str, sg, opt;
 
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &str, &sg);
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02:", &str, &sg, &opt);
+    if (!NIL_P(opt)) argc--;
 
     switch (argc) {
       case 0:
@@ -4426,38 +4495,56 @@ date_s_iso8601(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     }
 
     {
-	VALUE hash = date_s__iso8601(klass, str);
+        int argc2 = 1;
+        VALUE argv2[2];
+        argv2[0] = str;
+        if (!NIL_P(opt)) argv2[argc2++] = opt;
+	VALUE hash = date_s__iso8601(argc2, argv2, klass);
 	return d_new_by_frags(klass, hash, sg);
     }
 }
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    Date._rfc3339(string)  ->  hash
+ *    Date._rfc3339(string, limit: 128)  ->  hash
  *
  * Returns a hash of parsed elements.
+ *
+ * Raise an ArgumentError when the string length is longer than _limit_.
+ * You can stop this check by passing `limit: nil`, but note that
+ * it may take a long time to parse.
  */
 static VALUE
-date_s__rfc3339(VALUE klass, VALUE str)
+date_s__rfc3339(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
+    VALUE str, opt;
+
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1:", &str, &opt);
+    check_limit(str, opt);
+
     return date__rfc3339(str);
 }
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    Date.rfc3339(string='-4712-01-01T00:00:00+00:00'[, start=Date::ITALY])  ->  date
+ *    Date.rfc3339(string='-4712-01-01T00:00:00+00:00'[, start=Date::ITALY], limit: 128)  ->  date
  *
  * Creates a new Date object by parsing from a string according to
  * some typical RFC 3339 formats.
  *
  *    Date.rfc3339('2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00')	#=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...>
+ *
+ * Raise an ArgumentError when the string length is longer than _limit_.
+ * You can stop this check by passing `limit: nil`, but note that
+ * it may take a long time to parse.
  */
 static VALUE
 date_s_rfc3339(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
-    VALUE str, sg;
+    VALUE str, sg, opt;
 
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &str, &sg);
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02:", &str, &sg, &opt);
+    if (!NIL_P(opt)) argc--;
 
     switch (argc) {
       case 0:
@@ -4467,38 +4554,56 @@ date_s_rfc3339(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     }
 
     {
-	VALUE hash = date_s__rfc3339(klass, str);
+        int argc2 = 1;
+        VALUE argv2[2];
+        argv2[0] = str;
+        if (!NIL_P(opt)) argv2[argc2++] = opt;
+	VALUE hash = date_s__rfc3339(argc2, argv2, klass);
 	return d_new_by_frags(klass, hash, sg);
     }
 }
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    Date._xmlschema(string)  ->  hash
+ *    Date._xmlschema(string, limit: 128)  ->  hash
  *
  * Returns a hash of parsed elements.
+ *
+ * Raise an ArgumentError when the string length is longer than _limit_.
+ * You can stop this check by passing `limit: nil`, but note that
+ * it may take a long time to parse.
  */
 static VALUE
-date_s__xmlschema(VALUE klass, VALUE str)
+date_s__xmlschema(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
+    VALUE str, opt;
+
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1:", &str, &opt);
+    check_limit(str, opt);
+
     return date__xmlschema(str);
 }
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    Date.xmlschema(string='-4712-01-01'[, start=Date::ITALY])  ->  date
+ *    Date.xmlschema(string='-4712-01-01'[, start=Date::ITALY], limit: 128)  ->  date
  *
  * Creates a new Date object by parsing from a string according to
  * some typical XML Schema formats.
  *
  *    Date.xmlschema('2001-02-03')	#=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...>
+ *
+ * Raise an ArgumentError when the string length is longer than _limit_.
+ * You can stop this check by passing `limit: nil`, but note that
+ * it may take a long time to parse.
  */
 static VALUE
 date_s_xmlschema(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
-    VALUE str, sg;
+    VALUE str, sg, opt;
 
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &str, &sg);
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02:", &str, &sg, &opt);
+    if (!NIL_P(opt)) argc--;
 
     switch (argc) {
       case 0:
@@ -4508,41 +4613,58 @@ date_s_xmlschema(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     }
 
     {
-	VALUE hash = date_s__xmlschema(klass, str);
+        int argc2 = 1;
+        VALUE argv2[2];
+        argv2[0] = str;
+        if (!NIL_P(opt)) argv2[argc2++] = opt;
+	VALUE hash = date_s__xmlschema(argc2, argv2, klass);
 	return d_new_by_frags(klass, hash, sg);
     }
 }
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    Date._rfc2822(string)  ->  hash
- *    Date._rfc822(string)   ->  hash
+ *    Date._rfc2822(string, limit: 128)  ->  hash
+ *    Date._rfc822(string, limit: 128)   ->  hash
  *
  * Returns a hash of parsed elements.
+ *
+ * Raise an ArgumentError when the string length is longer than _limit_.
+ * You can stop this check by passing `limit: nil`, but note that
+ * it may take a long time to parse.
  */
 static VALUE
-date_s__rfc2822(VALUE klass, VALUE str)
+date_s__rfc2822(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
+    VALUE str, opt;
+
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1:", &str, &opt);
+    check_limit(str, opt);
+
     return date__rfc2822(str);
 }
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    Date.rfc2822(string='Mon, 1 Jan -4712 00:00:00 +0000'[, start=Date::ITALY])  ->  date
- *    Date.rfc822(string='Mon, 1 Jan -4712 00:00:00 +0000'[, start=Date::ITALY])   ->  date
+ *    Date.rfc2822(string='Mon, 1 Jan -4712 00:00:00 +0000'[, start=Date::ITALY], limit: 128)  ->  date
+ *    Date.rfc822(string='Mon, 1 Jan -4712 00:00:00 +0000'[, start=Date::ITALY], limit: 128)   ->  date
  *
  * Creates a new Date object by parsing from a string according to
  * some typical RFC 2822 formats.
  *
  *    Date.rfc2822('Sat, 3 Feb 2001 00:00:00 +0000')
  *						#=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...>
+ *
+ * Raise an ArgumentError when the string length is longer than _limit_.
+ * You can stop this check by passing `limit: nil`, but note that
+ * it may take a long time to parse.
  */
 static VALUE
 date_s_rfc2822(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
-    VALUE str, sg;
+    VALUE str, sg, opt;
 
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &str, &sg);
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02:", &str, &sg, &opt);
 
     switch (argc) {
       case 0:
@@ -4552,39 +4674,56 @@ date_s_rfc2822(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     }
 
     {
-	VALUE hash = date_s__rfc2822(klass, str);
+        int argc2 = 1;
+        VALUE argv2[2];
+        argv2[0] = str;
+        if (!NIL_P(opt)) argv2[argc2++] = opt;
+	VALUE hash = date_s__rfc2822(argc2, argv2, klass);
 	return d_new_by_frags(klass, hash, sg);
     }
 }
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    Date._httpdate(string)  ->  hash
+ *    Date._httpdate(string, limit: 128)  ->  hash
  *
  * Returns a hash of parsed elements.
+ *
+ * Raise an ArgumentError when the string length is longer than _limit_.
+ * You can stop this check by passing `limit: nil`, but note that
+ * it may take a long time to parse.
  */
 static VALUE
-date_s__httpdate(VALUE klass, VALUE str)
+date_s__httpdate(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
+    VALUE str, opt;
+
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1:", &str, &opt);
+    check_limit(str, opt);
+
     return date__httpdate(str);
 }
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    Date.httpdate(string='Mon, 01 Jan -4712 00:00:00 GMT'[, start=Date::ITALY])  ->  date
+ *    Date.httpdate(string='Mon, 01 Jan -4712 00:00:00 GMT'[, start=Date::ITALY], limit: 128)  ->  date
  *
  * Creates a new Date object by parsing from a string according to
  * some RFC 2616 format.
  *
  *    Date.httpdate('Sat, 03 Feb 2001 00:00:00 GMT')
  *						#=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...>
+ *
+ * Raise an ArgumentError when the string length is longer than _limit_.
+ * You can stop this check by passing `limit: nil`, but note that
+ * it may take a long time to parse.
  */
 static VALUE
 date_s_httpdate(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
-    VALUE str, sg;
+    VALUE str, sg, opt;
 
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &str, &sg);
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02:", &str, &sg, &opt);
 
     switch (argc) {
       case 0:
@@ -4594,38 +4733,60 @@ date_s_httpdate(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     }
 
     {
-	VALUE hash = date_s__httpdate(klass, str);
+        int argc2 = 1;
+        VALUE argv2[2];
+        argv2[0] = str;
+        if (!NIL_P(opt)) argv2[argc2++] = opt;
+	VALUE hash = date_s__httpdate(argc2, argv2, klass);
 	return d_new_by_frags(klass, hash, sg);
     }
 }
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    Date._jisx0301(string)  ->  hash
+ *    Date._jisx0301(string, limit: 128)  ->  hash
  *
  * Returns a hash of parsed elements.
+ *
+ * Raise an ArgumentError when the string length is longer than _limit_.
+ * You can stop this check by passing `limit: nil`, but note that
+ * it may take a long time to parse.
  */
 static VALUE
-date_s__jisx0301(VALUE klass, VALUE str)
+date_s__jisx0301(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
+    VALUE str, opt;
+
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1:", &str, &opt);
+    check_limit(str, opt);
+
     return date__jisx0301(str);
 }
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    Date.jisx0301(string='-4712-01-01'[, start=Date::ITALY])  ->  date
+ *    Date.jisx0301(string='-4712-01-01'[, start=Date::ITALY], limit: 128)  ->  date
  *
  * Creates a new Date object by parsing from a string according to
  * some typical JIS X 0301 formats.
  *
  *    Date.jisx0301('H13.02.03')		#=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...>
+ *
+ * For no-era year, legacy format, Heisei is assumed.
+ *
+ *    Date.jisx0301('13.02.03') 		#=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...>
+ *
+ * Raise an ArgumentError when the string length is longer than _limit_.
+ * You can stop this check by passing `limit: nil`, but note that
+ * it may take a long time to parse.
  */
 static VALUE
 date_s_jisx0301(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
-    VALUE str, sg;
+    VALUE str, sg, opt;
 
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &str, &sg);
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02:", &str, &sg, &opt);
+    if (!NIL_P(opt)) argc--;
 
     switch (argc) {
       case 0:
@@ -4635,7 +4796,11 @@ date_s_jisx0301(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     }
 
     {
-	VALUE hash = date_s__jisx0301(klass, str);
+        int argc2 = 1;
+        VALUE argv2[2];
+        argv2[0] = str;
+        if (!NIL_P(opt)) argv2[argc2++] = opt;
+	VALUE hash = date_s__jisx0301(argc2, argv2, klass);
 	return d_new_by_frags(klass, hash, sg);
     }
 }
@@ -4709,7 +4874,6 @@ d_lite_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     double sg;
 
     rb_check_frozen(self);
-    rb_check_trusted(self);
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "05", &vjd, &vdf, &vsf, &vof, &vsg);
 
@@ -4728,11 +4892,11 @@ d_lite_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 	sf = vsf;
 	if (f_lt_p(sf, INT2FIX(0)) ||
 	    f_ge_p(sf, INT2FIX(SECOND_IN_NANOSECONDS)))
-	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid second fraction");
+	    rb_raise(eDateError, "invalid second fraction");
       case 2:
 	df = NUM2INT(vdf);
 	if (df < 0 || df >= DAY_IN_SECONDS)
-	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid day fraction");
+	    rb_raise(eDateError, "invalid day fraction");
       case 1:
 	jd = vjd;
     }
@@ -4765,7 +4929,6 @@ static VALUE
 d_lite_initialize_copy(VALUE copy, VALUE date)
 {
     rb_check_frozen(copy);
-    rb_check_trusted(copy);
 
     if (copy == date)
 	return copy;
@@ -6043,7 +6206,7 @@ d_lite_rshift(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 			  &rm, &rd, &rjd, &ns))
 	    break;
 	if (--d < 1)
-	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid date");
+	    rb_raise(eDateError, "invalid date");
     }
     encode_jd(nth, rjd, &rjd2);
     return d_lite_plus(self, f_sub(rjd2, m_real_local_jd(dat)));
@@ -6567,9 +6730,9 @@ mk_inspect(union DateData *x, VALUE klass, VALUE to_s)
  * Returns the value as a string for inspection.
  *
  *    Date.new(2001,2,3).inspect
- *		#=> "#<Date: 2001-02-03 ((2451944j,0s,0n),+0s,2299161j)>"
+ *		#=> "#<Date: 2001-02-03>"
  *    DateTime.new(2001,2,3,4,5,6,'-7').inspect
- *		#=> "#<DateTime: 2001-02-03T04:05:06-07:00 ((2451944j,39906s,0n),-25200s,2299161j)>"
+ *		#=> "#<DateTime: 2001-02-03T04:05:06-07:00>"
  */
 static VALUE
 d_lite_inspect(VALUE self)
@@ -6738,7 +6901,6 @@ date_strftime_internal(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self,
 	    if (p > fmt) rb_str_cat(str, fmt, p - fmt);
 	}
 	rb_enc_copy(str, vfmt);
-	OBJ_INFECT(str, vfmt);
 	return str;
     }
     else
@@ -6747,7 +6909,6 @@ date_strftime_internal(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self,
     str = rb_str_new(buf, len);
     if (buf != buffer) xfree(buf);
     rb_enc_copy(str, vfmt);
-    OBJ_INFECT(str, vfmt);
     return str;
 }
 
@@ -7046,10 +7207,14 @@ jisx0301_date_format(char *fmt, size_t size, VALUE jd, VALUE y)
 	    c = 'S';
 	    s = 1925;
 	}
-	else {
+	else if (d < 2458605) {
 	    c = 'H';
 	    s = 1988;
 	}
+	else {
+	    c = 'R';
+	    s = 2018;
+	}
 	snprintf(fmt, size, "%c%02ld" ".%%m.%%d", c, FIX2INT(y) - s);
 	return fmt;
     }
@@ -7134,7 +7299,6 @@ d_lite_marshal_load(VALUE self, VALUE a)
     get_d1(self);
 
     rb_check_frozen(self);
-    rb_check_trusted(self);
 
     if (!RB_TYPE_P(a, T_ARRAY))
 	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "expected an array");
@@ -7179,11 +7343,14 @@ d_lite_marshal_load(VALUE self, VALUE a)
 
     if (simple_dat_p(dat)) {
 	if (df || !f_zero_p(sf) || of) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
-		     "cannot load complex into simple");
+	    /* loading a fractional date; promote to complex */
+	    dat = ruby_xrealloc(dat, sizeof(struct ComplexDateData));
+	    RTYPEDDATA(self)->data = dat;
+	    goto complex_data;
 	}
 	set_to_simple(self, &dat->s, nth, jd, sg, 0, 0, 0, HAVE_JD);
     } else {
+      complex_data:
 	set_to_complex(self, &dat->c, nth, jd, df, sf, of, sg,
 		       0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
 		       HAVE_JD | HAVE_DF);
@@ -7244,12 +7411,16 @@ datetime_s_jd(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
       case 5:
 	val2off(vof, rof);
       case 4:
+        check_numeric(vs, "second");
 	num2int_with_frac(s, positive_inf);
       case 3:
+        check_numeric(vmin, "minute");
 	num2int_with_frac(min, 3);
       case 2:
+        check_numeric(vh, "hour");
 	num2int_with_frac(h, 2);
       case 1:
+        check_numeric(vjd, "jd");
 	num2num_with_frac(jd, 1);
     }
 
@@ -7258,7 +7429,7 @@ datetime_s_jd(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 	int rh, rmin, rs, rjd, rjd2;
 
 	if (!c_valid_time_p(h, min, s, &rh, &rmin, &rs))
-	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid date");
+	    rb_raise(eDateError, "invalid date");
 	canon24oc();
 
 	decode_jd(jd, &nth, &rjd);
@@ -7313,14 +7484,19 @@ datetime_s_ordinal(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
       case 6:
 	val2off(vof, rof);
       case 5:
+        check_numeric(vs, "second");
 	num2int_with_frac(s, positive_inf);
       case 4:
+        check_numeric(vmin, "minute");
 	num2int_with_frac(min, 4);
       case 3:
+        check_numeric(vh, "hour");
 	num2int_with_frac(h, 3);
       case 2:
+        check_numeric(vd, "yday");
 	num2int_with_frac(d, 2);
       case 1:
+        check_numeric(vy, "year");
 	y = vy;
     }
 
@@ -7332,9 +7508,9 @@ datetime_s_ordinal(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 			     &nth, &ry,
 			     &rd, &rjd,
 			     &ns))
-	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid date");
+	    rb_raise(eDateError, "invalid date");
 	if (!c_valid_time_p(h, min, s, &rh, &rmin, &rs))
-	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid date");
+	    rb_raise(eDateError, "invalid date");
 	canon24oc();
 
 	rjd2 = jd_local_to_utc(rjd,
@@ -7401,16 +7577,22 @@ datetime_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
       case 7:
 	val2off(vof, rof);
       case 6:
+        check_numeric(vs, "second");
 	num2int_with_frac(s, positive_inf);
       case 5:
+        check_numeric(vmin, "minute");
 	num2int_with_frac(min, 5);
       case 4:
+        check_numeric(vh, "hour");
 	num2int_with_frac(h, 4);
       case 3:
+        check_numeric(vd, "day");
 	num2int_with_frac(d, 3);
       case 2:
+        check_numeric(vm, "month");
 	m = NUM2INT(vm);
       case 1:
+        check_numeric(vy, "year");
 	y = vy;
     }
 
@@ -7421,9 +7603,9 @@ datetime_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 	if (!valid_gregorian_p(y, m, d,
 			       &nth, &ry,
 			       &rm, &rd))
-	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid date");
+	    rb_raise(eDateError, "invalid date");
 	if (!c_valid_time_p(h, min, s, &rh, &rmin, &rs))
-	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid date");
+	    rb_raise(eDateError, "invalid date");
 	canon24oc();
 
 	set_to_complex(self, dat,
@@ -7442,9 +7624,9 @@ datetime_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 			   &nth, &ry,
 			   &rm, &rd, &rjd,
 			   &ns))
-	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid date");
+	    rb_raise(eDateError, "invalid date");
 	if (!c_valid_time_p(h, min, s, &rh, &rmin, &rs))
-	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid date");
+	    rb_raise(eDateError, "invalid date");
 	canon24oc();
 
 	rjd2 = jd_local_to_utc(rjd,
@@ -7499,16 +7681,22 @@ datetime_s_commercial(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
       case 7:
 	val2off(vof, rof);
       case 6:
+        check_numeric(vs, "second");
 	num2int_with_frac(s, positive_inf);
       case 5:
+        check_numeric(vmin, "minute");
 	num2int_with_frac(min, 5);
       case 4:
+        check_numeric(vh, "hour");
 	num2int_with_frac(h, 4);
       case 3:
+        check_numeric(vd, "cwday");
 	num2int_with_frac(d, 3);
       case 2:
+        check_numeric(vw, "cweek");
 	w = NUM2INT(vw);
       case 1:
+        check_numeric(vy, "year");
 	y = vy;
     }
 
@@ -7520,9 +7708,9 @@ datetime_s_commercial(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 				&nth, &ry,
 				&rw, &rd, &rjd,
 				&ns))
-	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid date");
+	    rb_raise(eDateError, "invalid date");
 	if (!c_valid_time_p(h, min, s, &rh, &rmin, &rs))
-	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid date");
+	    rb_raise(eDateError, "invalid date");
 	canon24oc();
 
 	rjd2 = jd_local_to_utc(rjd,
@@ -7591,9 +7779,9 @@ datetime_s_weeknum(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 			     &nth, &ry,
 			     &rw, &rd, &rjd,
 			     &ns))
-	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid date");
+	    rb_raise(eDateError, "invalid date");
 	if (!c_valid_time_p(h, min, s, &rh, &rmin, &rs))
-	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid date");
+	    rb_raise(eDateError, "invalid date");
 	canon24oc();
 
 	rjd2 = jd_local_to_utc(rjd,
@@ -7660,9 +7848,9 @@ datetime_s_nth_kday(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 			      &nth, &ry,
 			      &rm, &rn, &rk, &rjd,
 			      &ns))
-	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid date");
+	    rb_raise(eDateError, "invalid date");
 	if (!c_valid_time_p(h, min, s, &rh, &rmin, &rs))
-	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid date");
+	    rb_raise(eDateError, "invalid date");
 	canon24oc();
 
 	rjd2 = jd_local_to_utc(rjd,
@@ -7805,7 +7993,7 @@ dt_new_by_frags(VALUE klass, VALUE hash, VALUE sg)
     }
 
     if (NIL_P(hash))
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid date");
+	rb_raise(eDateError, "invalid date");
 
     if (NIL_P(ref_hash("jd")) &&
 	NIL_P(ref_hash("yday")) &&
@@ -7832,7 +8020,7 @@ dt_new_by_frags(VALUE klass, VALUE hash, VALUE sg)
     }
 
     if (NIL_P(jd))
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid date");
+	rb_raise(eDateError, "invalid date");
 
     {
 	int rh, rmin, rs;
@@ -7841,7 +8029,7 @@ dt_new_by_frags(VALUE klass, VALUE hash, VALUE sg)
 			    NUM2INT(ref_hash("min")),
 			    NUM2INT(ref_hash("sec")),
 			    &rh, &rmin, &rs))
-	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid date");
+	    rb_raise(eDateError, "invalid date");
 
 	df = time_to_df(rh, rmin, rs);
     }
@@ -7951,7 +8139,7 @@ datetime_s_strptime(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    DateTime.parse(string='-4712-01-01T00:00:00+00:00'[, comp=true[, start=Date::ITALY]])  ->  datetime
+ *    DateTime.parse(string='-4712-01-01T00:00:00+00:00'[, comp=true[, start=Date::ITALY]], limit: 128)  ->  datetime
  *
  * Parses the given representation of date and time, and creates a
  * DateTime object.  This method does not function as a validator.
@@ -7965,13 +8153,18 @@ datetime_s_strptime(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  *				#=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00 ...>
  *    DateTime.parse('3rd Feb 2001 04:05:06 PM')
  *				#=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T16:05:06+00:00 ...>
+ *
+ * Raise an ArgumentError when the string length is longer than _limit_.
+ * You can stop this check by passing `limit: nil`, but note that
+ * it may take a long time to parse.
  */
 static VALUE
 datetime_s_parse(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
-    VALUE str, comp, sg;
+    VALUE str, comp, sg, opt;
 
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "03", &str, &comp, &sg);
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "03:", &str, &comp, &sg, &opt);
+    if (!NIL_P(opt)) argc--;
 
     switch (argc) {
       case 0:
@@ -7983,18 +8176,20 @@ datetime_s_parse(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     }
 
     {
-	VALUE argv2[2], hash;
-
-	argv2[0] = str;
-	argv2[1] = comp;
-	hash = date_s__parse(2, argv2, klass);
+        int argc2 = 2;
+        VALUE argv2[3];
+        argv2[0] = str;
+        argv2[1] = comp;
+        argv2[2] = opt;
+        if (!NIL_P(opt)) argc2++;
+	VALUE hash = date_s__parse(argc2, argv2, klass);
 	return dt_new_by_frags(klass, hash, sg);
     }
 }
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    DateTime.iso8601(string='-4712-01-01T00:00:00+00:00'[, start=Date::ITALY])  ->  datetime
+ *    DateTime.iso8601(string='-4712-01-01T00:00:00+00:00'[, start=Date::ITALY], limit: 128)  ->  datetime
  *
  * Creates a new DateTime object by parsing from a string according to
  * some typical ISO 8601 formats.
@@ -8005,13 +8200,18 @@ datetime_s_parse(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  *				#=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00 ...>
  *    DateTime.iso8601('2001-W05-6T04:05:06+07:00')
  *				#=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00 ...>
+ *
+ * Raise an ArgumentError when the string length is longer than _limit_.
+ * You can stop this check by passing `limit: nil`, but note that
+ * it may take a long time to parse.
  */
 static VALUE
 datetime_s_iso8601(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
-    VALUE str, sg;
+    VALUE str, sg, opt;
 
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &str, &sg);
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02:", &str, &sg, &opt);
+    if (!NIL_P(opt)) argc--;
 
     switch (argc) {
       case 0:
@@ -8021,27 +8221,37 @@ datetime_s_iso8601(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     }
 
     {
-	VALUE hash = date_s__iso8601(klass, str);
+        int argc2 = 1;
+        VALUE argv2[2];
+        argv2[0] = str;
+        argv2[1] = opt;
+        if (!NIL_P(opt)) argc2--;
+	VALUE hash = date_s__iso8601(argc2, argv2, klass);
 	return dt_new_by_frags(klass, hash, sg);
     }
 }
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    DateTime.rfc3339(string='-4712-01-01T00:00:00+00:00'[, start=Date::ITALY])  ->  datetime
+ *    DateTime.rfc3339(string='-4712-01-01T00:00:00+00:00'[, start=Date::ITALY], limit: 128)  ->  datetime
  *
  * Creates a new DateTime object by parsing from a string according to
  * some typical RFC 3339 formats.
  *
  *    DateTime.rfc3339('2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00')
  *				#=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00 ...>
+ *
+ * Raise an ArgumentError when the string length is longer than _limit_.
+ * You can stop this check by passing `limit: nil`, but note that
+ * it may take a long time to parse.
  */
 static VALUE
 datetime_s_rfc3339(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
-    VALUE str, sg;
+    VALUE str, sg, opt;
 
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &str, &sg);
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02:", &str, &sg, &opt);
+    if (!NIL_P(opt)) argc--;
 
     switch (argc) {
       case 0:
@@ -8051,27 +8261,37 @@ datetime_s_rfc3339(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     }
 
     {
-	VALUE hash = date_s__rfc3339(klass, str);
+        int argc2 = 1;
+        VALUE argv2[2];
+        argv2[0] = str;
+        argv2[1] = opt;
+        if (!NIL_P(opt)) argc2++;
+	VALUE hash = date_s__rfc3339(argc2, argv2, klass);
 	return dt_new_by_frags(klass, hash, sg);
     }
 }
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    DateTime.xmlschema(string='-4712-01-01T00:00:00+00:00'[, start=Date::ITALY])  ->  datetime
+ *    DateTime.xmlschema(string='-4712-01-01T00:00:00+00:00'[, start=Date::ITALY], limit: 128)  ->  datetime
  *
  * Creates a new DateTime object by parsing from a string according to
  * some typical XML Schema formats.
  *
  *    DateTime.xmlschema('2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00')
  *				#=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00 ...>
+ *
+ * Raise an ArgumentError when the string length is longer than _limit_.
+ * You can stop this check by passing `limit: nil`, but note that
+ * it may take a long time to parse.
  */
 static VALUE
 datetime_s_xmlschema(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
-    VALUE str, sg;
+    VALUE str, sg, opt;
 
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &str, &sg);
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02:", &str, &sg, &opt);
+    if (!NIL_P(opt)) argc--;
 
     switch (argc) {
       case 0:
@@ -8081,28 +8301,38 @@ datetime_s_xmlschema(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     }
 
     {
-	VALUE hash = date_s__xmlschema(klass, str);
+        int argc2 = 1;
+        VALUE argv2[2];
+        argv2[0] = str;
+        argv2[1] = opt;
+        if (!NIL_P(opt)) argc2++;
+	VALUE hash = date_s__xmlschema(argc2, argv2, klass);
 	return dt_new_by_frags(klass, hash, sg);
     }
 }
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    DateTime.rfc2822(string='Mon, 1 Jan -4712 00:00:00 +0000'[, start=Date::ITALY])  ->  datetime
- *    DateTime.rfc822(string='Mon, 1 Jan -4712 00:00:00 +0000'[, start=Date::ITALY])   ->  datetime
+ *    DateTime.rfc2822(string='Mon, 1 Jan -4712 00:00:00 +0000'[, start=Date::ITALY], limit: 128)  ->  datetime
+ *    DateTime.rfc822(string='Mon, 1 Jan -4712 00:00:00 +0000'[, start=Date::ITALY], limit: 128)   ->  datetime
  *
  * Creates a new DateTime object by parsing from a string according to
  * some typical RFC 2822 formats.
  *
  *     DateTime.rfc2822('Sat, 3 Feb 2001 04:05:06 +0700')
  *				#=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00 ...>
+ *
+ * Raise an ArgumentError when the string length is longer than _limit_.
+ * You can stop this check by passing `limit: nil`, but note that
+ * it may take a long time to parse.
  */
 static VALUE
 datetime_s_rfc2822(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
-    VALUE str, sg;
+    VALUE str, sg, opt;
 
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &str, &sg);
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02:", &str, &sg, &opt);
+    if (!NIL_P(opt)) argc--;
 
     switch (argc) {
       case 0:
@@ -8112,7 +8342,12 @@ datetime_s_rfc2822(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     }
 
     {
-	VALUE hash = date_s__rfc2822(klass, str);
+        int argc2 = 1;
+        VALUE argv2[2];
+        argv2[0] = str;
+        argv2[1] = opt;
+        if (!NIL_P(opt)) argc2++;
+	VALUE hash = date_s__rfc2822(argc2, argv2, klass);
 	return dt_new_by_frags(klass, hash, sg);
     }
 }
@@ -8126,13 +8361,18 @@ datetime_s_rfc2822(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  *
  *    DateTime.httpdate('Sat, 03 Feb 2001 04:05:06 GMT')
  *				#=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T04:05:06+00:00 ...>
+ *
+ * Raise an ArgumentError when the string length is longer than _limit_.
+ * You can stop this check by passing `limit: nil`, but note that
+ * it may take a long time to parse.
  */
 static VALUE
 datetime_s_httpdate(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
-    VALUE str, sg;
+    VALUE str, sg, opt;
 
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &str, &sg);
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02:", &str, &sg, &opt);
+    if (!NIL_P(opt)) argc--;
 
     switch (argc) {
       case 0:
@@ -8142,27 +8382,42 @@ datetime_s_httpdate(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     }
 
     {
-	VALUE hash = date_s__httpdate(klass, str);
+        int argc2 = 1;
+        VALUE argv2[2];
+        argv2[0] = str;
+        argv2[1] = opt;
+        if (!NIL_P(opt)) argc2++;
+	VALUE hash = date_s__httpdate(argc2, argv2, klass);
 	return dt_new_by_frags(klass, hash, sg);
     }
 }
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    DateTime.jisx0301(string='-4712-01-01T00:00:00+00:00'[, start=Date::ITALY])  ->  datetime
+ *    DateTime.jisx0301(string='-4712-01-01T00:00:00+00:00'[, start=Date::ITALY], limit: 128)  ->  datetime
  *
  * Creates a new DateTime object by parsing from a string according to
  * some typical JIS X 0301 formats.
  *
  *    DateTime.jisx0301('H13.02.03T04:05:06+07:00')
  *				#=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00 ...>
+ *
+ * For no-era year, legacy format, Heisei is assumed.
+ *
+ *    DateTime.jisx0301('13.02.03T04:05:06+07:00')
+ *				#=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00 ...>
+ *
+ * Raise an ArgumentError when the string length is longer than _limit_.
+ * You can stop this check by passing `limit: nil`, but note that
+ * it may take a long time to parse.
  */
 static VALUE
 datetime_s_jisx0301(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
-    VALUE str, sg;
+    VALUE str, sg, opt;
 
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &str, &sg);
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02:", &str, &sg, &opt);
+    if (!NIL_P(opt)) argc--;
 
     switch (argc) {
       case 0:
@@ -8172,7 +8427,12 @@ datetime_s_jisx0301(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     }
 
     {
-	VALUE hash = date_s__jisx0301(klass, str);
+        int argc2 = 1;
+        VALUE argv2[2];
+        argv2[0] = str;
+        argv2[1] = opt;
+        if (!NIL_P(opt)) argc2++;
+	VALUE hash = date_s__jisx0301(argc2, argv2, klass);
 	return dt_new_by_frags(klass, hash, sg);
     }
 }
@@ -8550,17 +8810,24 @@ time_to_datetime(VALUE self)
  * call-seq:
  *    d.to_time  ->  time
  *
- * Returns a Time object which denotes self.
+ * Returns a Time object which denotes self. If self is a julian date,
+ * convert it to a gregorian date before converting it to Time.
  */
 static VALUE
 date_to_time(VALUE self)
 {
-    get_d1(self);
+    get_d1a(self);
+
+    if (m_julian_p(adat)) {
+        VALUE tmp = d_lite_gregorian(self);
+        get_d1b(tmp);
+        adat = bdat;
+    }
 
     return f_local3(rb_cTime,
-		    m_real_year(dat),
-		    INT2FIX(m_mon(dat)),
-		    INT2FIX(m_mday(dat)));
+        m_real_year(adat),
+        INT2FIX(m_mon(adat)),
+        INT2FIX(m_mday(adat)));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -9217,6 +9484,7 @@ Init_date_core(void)
      *
      */
     cDate = rb_define_class("Date", rb_cObject);
+    eDateError = rb_define_class_under(cDate, "Error", rb_eArgError);
 
     rb_include_module(cDate, rb_mComparable);
 
@@ -9323,19 +9591,19 @@ Init_date_core(void)
     rb_define_singleton_method(cDate, "strptime", date_s_strptime, -1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(cDate, "_parse", date_s__parse, -1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(cDate, "parse", date_s_parse, -1);
-    rb_define_singleton_method(cDate, "_iso8601", date_s__iso8601, 1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cDate, "_iso8601", date_s__iso8601, -1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(cDate, "iso8601", date_s_iso8601, -1);
-    rb_define_singleton_method(cDate, "_rfc3339", date_s__rfc3339, 1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cDate, "_rfc3339", date_s__rfc3339, -1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(cDate, "rfc3339", date_s_rfc3339, -1);
-    rb_define_singleton_method(cDate, "_xmlschema", date_s__xmlschema, 1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cDate, "_xmlschema", date_s__xmlschema, -1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(cDate, "xmlschema", date_s_xmlschema, -1);
-    rb_define_singleton_method(cDate, "_rfc2822", date_s__rfc2822, 1);
-    rb_define_singleton_method(cDate, "_rfc822", date_s__rfc2822, 1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cDate, "_rfc2822", date_s__rfc2822, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cDate, "_rfc822", date_s__rfc2822, -1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(cDate, "rfc2822", date_s_rfc2822, -1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(cDate, "rfc822", date_s_rfc2822, -1);
-    rb_define_singleton_method(cDate, "_httpdate", date_s__httpdate, 1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cDate, "_httpdate", date_s__httpdate, -1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(cDate, "httpdate", date_s_httpdate, -1);
-    rb_define_singleton_method(cDate, "_jisx0301", date_s__jisx0301, 1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cDate, "_jisx0301", date_s__jisx0301, -1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(cDate, "jisx0301", date_s_jisx0301, -1);
 
     rb_define_method(cDate, "initialize", date_initialize, -1);