datadog 2.31.0 → 2.33.0

data/lib/datadog/di/code_tracker.rb

@@ -22,11 +22,114 @@ module Datadog
     class CodeTracker
       def initialize
         @registry = {}
+        @per_method_registry = {}
         @trace_point_lock = Mutex.new
         @registry_lock = Mutex.new
         @compiled_trace_point = nil
       end
 
+      # Populates the registry with iseqs for files that were loaded
+      # before code tracking started.
+      #
+      # Uses the all_iseqs C extension to walk the Ruby object space and
+      # find instruction sequences for already-loaded code. Whole-file
+      # iseqs are stored in the main registry; per-method/block/class
+      # iseqs are stored in per_method_registry as fallback for files
+      # whose whole-file iseq was GC'd.
+      #
+      # See docs/DynamicInstrumentationDevelopment.md "Iseq Lifecycle and GC"
+      # for which iseq types survive GC and implications for backfill.
+      #
+      # Whole-file detection uses two strategies:
+      # - Ruby 3.1+: DI.iseq_type (wraps rb_iseq_type) returns :top for
+      #   require/load and :main for the entry script. This is precise.
+      # - Ruby < 3.1: falls back to first_lineno == 0, which is true for
+      #   whole-file iseqs from require/load (INT2FIX(0) in Ruby's
+      #   rb_iseq_new_top and rb_iseq_new_main) and false for
+      #   method/block/class definitions (first_lineno >= 1).
+      #   InstructionSequence.compile passes first_lineno = 1 by default,
+      #   so eval'd code is not matched. Both strategies produce the same
+      #   result in practice.
+      #
+      # Does not overwrite iseqs already in the registry (from
+      # :script_compiled), since those are guaranteed to be whole-file
+      # iseqs and are authoritative.
+      #
+      # @return [void]
+      def backfill_registry
+        iseqs = DI.file_iseqs
+        have_iseq_type = DI.respond_to?(:iseq_type)
+        registry_lock.synchronize do
+          iseqs.each do |iseq|
+            path = iseq.absolute_path
+            next unless path
+
+            whole_file = if have_iseq_type
+              type = DI.iseq_type(iseq)
+              # Require first_lineno == 0 to exclude compile_file/compile
+              # iseqs. These are :top type but have first_lineno == 1 and
+              # produce iseq objects distinct from require-produced iseqs.
+              # Targeted TracePoints are bound to the specific iseq object
+              # — a probe on a compile_file iseq silently never fires when
+              # the require-produced code runs.
+              (type == :top || type == :main) && iseq.first_lineno == 0
+            else
+              iseq.first_lineno == 0
+            end
+
+            if whole_file
+              # Ruby 3.2.9+ creates dummy profiler iseqs during require/load
+              # (rb_iseq_alloc_with_dummy_path in iseq.c). These have type
+              # :top, first_lineno == 0, and the same absolute_path as the
+              # real iseq — but iseq_size == 0 (no bytecode). A targeted
+              # TracePoint on a dummy iseq can't find child iseqs and raises
+              # ArgumentError "can not enable any hooks". Filter them out:
+              # a real top-level iseq always has at least one trace event.
+              next if iseq.trace_points.empty?
+
+              # Do not overwrite entries from :script_compiled — those are
+              # captured at load time and are authoritative.
+              next if registry.key?(path)
+
+              registry[path] = iseq
+            else
+              # Skip top-level script iseqs (:top/:main) produced by
+              # RubyVM::InstructionSequence.compile_file and .compile
+              # (compile source to bytecode without executing it).
+              # These represent the file body,
+              # not a method or block. They pass the first_lineno check
+              # (lineno != 0) but a targeted TracePoint bound to one
+              # of these never fires for method-level code — the
+              # user's probe silently produces no snapshots.
+              #
+              # On Ruby < 3.1 (no iseq_type), we cannot distinguish
+              # these from method iseqs, so they leak into
+              # per_method_registry. If iseq_for_line selects a leaked
+              # top-level iseq instead of the real method iseq, the
+              # probe installs but silently never fires — same failure
+              # as above. This requires the application to call
+              # compile_file and hold the result, which is rare outside
+              # tooling like bootsnap (which discards it).
+              next if have_iseq_type && (type == :top || type == :main)
+
+              # Store per-method/block/class iseqs as fallback for files
+              # whose whole-file iseq was GC'd. These can be used to
+              # target line probes on lines within their range.
+              (per_method_registry[path] ||= []) << iseq
+            end
+          end
+        end
+        nil
+      rescue => exc
+        # Backfill is best-effort — if it fails, line probes on
+        # pre-loaded code won't work but everything else is unaffected.
+        if component = DI.current_component
+          component.logger.debug { "di: backfill_registry failed: #{exc.class}: #{exc.message}" }
+          component.telemetry&.report(exc, description: "backfill_registry failed")
+        end
+        nil
+      end
+
       # Starts tracking loaded code.
       #
       # This method should generally be called early in application boot
@@ -94,7 +197,7 @@ module Datadog
             # but we will have DI.current_component (set to nil).
             if component = DI.current_component
               raise if component.settings.dynamic_instrumentation.internal.propagate_all_exceptions
-              component.logger.debug { "di: unhandled exception in script_compiled trace point: #{exc.class}: #{exc}" }
+              component.logger.debug { "di: unhandled exception in script_compiled trace point: #{exc.class}: #{exc.message}" }
               component.telemetry&.report(exc, description: "Unhandled exception in script_compiled trace point")
               # TODO test this path
             else
@@ -104,6 +207,12 @@ module Datadog
               # TODO test this path
             end
           end
+
+          # Backfill the registry with iseqs for files that were loaded
+          # before tracking started. This must happen after the trace
+          # point is enabled so that any files loaded concurrently are
+          # captured by the trace point (backfill won't overwrite them).
+          backfill_registry
         end
       end
 
@@ -160,6 +269,51 @@ module Datadog
         end
       end
 
+      # Returns a [path, iseq] pair for a line probe target, or nil.
+      #
+      # First checks the whole-file iseq registry (via iseqs_for_path_suffix).
+      # If no whole-file iseq exists, searches the per-method iseq registry
+      # for an iseq whose trace_points include the target line.
+      #
+      # @param suffix [String] file path or suffix to match
+      # @param line [Integer] target line number
+      # @return [Array(String, RubyVM::InstructionSequence), nil]
+      def iseq_for_line(suffix, line)
+        # Try whole-file iseq first — it always covers all lines.
+        result = iseqs_for_path_suffix(suffix)
+        return result if result
+
+        # Fall back to per-method iseqs.
+        registry_lock.synchronize do
+          # Resolve the path using the per-method registry keys.
+          path = resolve_path_suffix(suffix, per_method_registry.keys)
+          return nil unless path
+
+          iseqs = per_method_registry[path]
+          return nil unless iseqs
+
+          # Only match event types the instrumenter subscribes to
+          # (:line, :return, :b_return — see hook_line). Lines that
+          # only carry :call (e.g. a `def` line within the defined
+          # method's own iseq, not the enclosing scope) have no
+          # subscribed event at that position; TracePoint#enable
+          # raises because it cannot bind an enabled event there.
+          matches = iseqs.select do |iseq|
+            iseq.trace_points.any? do |tp_line, event|
+              tp_line == line && (event == :line || event == :return || event == :b_return)
+            end
+          end
+          # When multiple iseqs contain the target line (e.g. a method
+          # and an inline block sharing the same line), picking one
+          # would silently miss executions in the other context.
+          # Raise so the probe is recorded as failed with a clear error.
+          if matches.length > 1
+            raise Error::MultiplePathsMatch, "Multiple code locations match line #{line}"
+          end
+          matches.first ? [path, matches.first] : nil
+        end
+      end
+
       # Stops tracking code that is being loaded.
       #
       # This method should ordinarily never be called - if a file is loaded
@@ -186,6 +340,7 @@ module Datadog
       def clear
         registry_lock.synchronize do
           registry.clear
+          per_method_registry.clear
         end
       end
 
@@ -195,8 +350,31 @@ module Datadog
       # objects representing compiled code of those files.
       attr_reader :registry
 
+      # Mapping from paths to arrays of per-method/block/class iseqs.
+      # Used as fallback when the whole-file iseq has been GC'd.
+      attr_reader :per_method_registry
+
       attr_reader :trace_point_lock
       attr_reader :registry_lock
+
+      # Resolves a path suffix against a set of known paths.
+      # Returns the matching path or nil.
+      #
+      # Must be called within registry_lock.
+      def resolve_path_suffix(suffix, paths)
+        # Exact match.
+        return suffix if paths.include?(suffix)
+
+        # Suffix match.
+        suffix = suffix.dup
+        loop do
+          matches = paths.select { |p| Utils.path_matches_suffix?(p, suffix) }
+          raise Error::MultiplePathsMatch, "Multiple paths matched requested suffix" if matches.length > 1
+          return matches.first if matches.any?
+          return nil unless suffix.include?('/')
+          suffix.sub!(%r{.*/+}, '')
+        end
+      end
     end
   end
 end

data/lib/datadog/di/component.rb

@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ module Datadog
           payload = probe_notification_builder.build_errored(probe, exc)
           probe_notifier_worker.add_status(payload)
         rescue => nested_exc
-          logger.debug { "di: failed to build error notification: #{nested_exc.class}: #{nested_exc}" }
+          logger.debug { "di: failed to build error notification: #{nested_exc.class}: #{nested_exc.message}" }
           telemetry&.report(nested_exc, description: 'Error building probe error notification')
           raise
         end

data/lib/datadog/di/configuration.rb

@@ -4,8 +4,241 @@ module Datadog
   module DI
     # Configuration for DI
     module Configuration
+      # Settings
+      module Settings
+        def self.extended(base)
+          base = base.singleton_class unless base.is_a?(Class)
+          add_settings!(base)
+        end
+
+        def self.add_settings!(base)
+          base.class_eval do
+            settings :dynamic_instrumentation do
+              option :enabled do |o|
+                o.type :bool
+                # The environment variable has an "internal" prefix so that
+                # any customers that have the "proper" environment variable
+                # turned on (i.e. DD_DYNAMIC_INSTRUMENTATION_ENABLED)
+                # do not enable Ruby DI until the latter is ready for
+                # customer testing.
+                o.env "DD_DYNAMIC_INSTRUMENTATION_ENABLED"
+                o.default false
+              end
+
+              # An array of variable and key names to redact in addition to
+              # the built-in list of identifiers.
+              #
+              # The names will be normalized by removing the following
+              # symbols: _, -, @, $, and then matched to the complete
+              # variable or key name while ignoring the case.
+              # For example, specifying pass_word will match password and
+              # PASSWORD, and specifying PASSWORD will match pass_word.
+              # Note that, while the at sign (@) is used in Ruby to refer
+              # to instance variables, it does not have any significance
+              # for this setting (and is removed before matching identifiers).
+              option :redacted_identifiers do |o|
+                o.env "DD_DYNAMIC_INSTRUMENTATION_REDACTED_IDENTIFIERS"
+                o.env_parser do |value|
+                  value&.split(",")&.map(&:strip)
+                end
+
+                o.type :array
+                o.default []
+              end
+
+              # An array of variable and key names to exclude from the
+              # built-in redaction list.
+              #
+              # This allows users to capture values of variables that would
+              # otherwise be redacted by the default identifier list.
+              # For example, if an application has a "session" variable
+              # that does not contain sensitive data, "session" can be added
+              # to this list to exclude it from redaction.
+              #
+              # The names will be normalized the same way as redacted_identifiers,
+              # by removing the following symbols: _, -, @, $, and then matched
+              # against the complete variable or key name while ignoring the case.
+              option :redaction_excluded_identifiers do |o|
+                o.env "DD_DYNAMIC_INSTRUMENTATION_REDACTION_EXCLUDED_IDENTIFIERS"
+                o.env_parser do |value|
+                  value&.split(",")&.map(&:strip)
+                end
+
+                o.type :array
+                o.default []
+              end
+
+              # An array of class names, values of which will be redacted from
+              # dynamic instrumentation snapshots. Example: FooClass.
+              # If a name is suffixed by '*', it becomes a wildcard and
+              # instances of any class whose name begins with the specified
+              # prefix will be redacted (example: Foo*).
+              #
+              # The names must all be fully-qualified, if any prefix of a
+              # class name is configured to be redacted, the value will be
+              # subject to redaction. For example, if Foo* is in the
+              # redacted class name list, instances of Foo, FooBar,
+              # Foo::Bar are all subject to redaction, but Bar::Foo will
+              # not be subject to redaction.
+              #
+              # Leading double-colon is permitted but has no effect,
+              # because the names are always considered to be fully-qualified.
+              # For example, adding ::Foo to the list will redact instances
+              # of Foo.
+              #
+              # Trailing colons should not be used because they will trigger
+              # exact match behavior but Ruby class names do not have
+              # trailing colons. For example, Foo:: will not cause anything
+              # to be redacted. Use Foo::* to redact all classes under
+              # the Foo module.
+              option :redacted_type_names do |o|
+                o.env "DD_DYNAMIC_INSTRUMENTATION_REDACTED_TYPES"
+                o.env_parser do |value|
+                  value&.split(",")&.map(&:strip)
+                end
+
+                o.type :array
+                o.default []
+              end
+
+              # Maximum number of object or collection traversals that
+              # will be permitted when serializing captured values.
+              option :max_capture_depth do |o|
+                o.type :int
+                o.default 3
+              end
+
+              # Maximum number of collection (Array and Hash) elements
+              # that will be captured. Arrays and hashes that have more
+              # elements will be truncated to this many elements.
+              option :max_capture_collection_size do |o|
+                o.type :int
+                o.default 100
+              end
+
+              # Strings longer than this length will be truncated to this
+              # length in dynamic instrumentation snapshots.
+              #
+              # Note that while all values are stringified during
+              # serialization, only values which are originally instances
+              # of the String class are subject to this length limit.
+              option :max_capture_string_length do |o|
+                o.type :int
+                o.default 255
+              end
+
+              # Maximim number of attributes that will be captured for
+              # a single non-primitive value.
+              option :max_capture_attribute_count do |o|
+                o.type :int
+                o.default 20
+              end
+
+              # Settings in the 'internal' group are for internal Datadog
+              # use only, and are needed to test dynamic instrumentation or
+              # experiment with features not released to customers.
+              settings :internal do
+                # This option instructs dynamic instrumentation to use
+                # untargeted trace points when installing line probes and
+                # code tracking is not active.
+                # WARNING: untargeted trace points carry a massive performance
+                # penalty for the entire file in which a line probe is placed.
+                #
+                # If this option is set to false, which is the default,
+                # dynamic instrumentation will add probes that reference
+                # unknown files to the list of pending probes, and when
+                # the respective files are loaded, the line probes will be
+                # installed using targeted trace points. If the file in
+                # question is already loaded when the probe is received
+                # (for example, it is in a third-party library loaded during
+                # application boot), and code tracking was not active when
+                # the file was loaded, such files will not be instrumentable
+                # via line probes.
+                #
+                # If this option is set to true, dynamic instrumentation will
+                # install untargeted trace points for all line probes,
+                # regardless of whether the referenced file is loaded.
+                # This permits instrumenting code which was loaded prior to
+                # code tracking being activated and instrumenting lines when
+                # code tracking is not activated at all. However, untargeted
+                # trace points are extremely slow and will greatly degrade
+                # performance of *all* code executed while they are installed,
+                # not just the instrumentation target.
+                option :untargeted_trace_points do |o|
+                  o.type :bool
+                  o.default false
+                end
+
+                # If true, all of the catch-all rescue blocks in DI
+                # will propagate the exceptions onward.
+                # WARNING: for internal Datadog use only - this will break
+                # the DI product and potentially the library in general in
+                # a multitude of ways, cause resource leakage, permanent
+                # performance decreases, etc.
+                option :propagate_all_exceptions do |o|
+                  o.type :bool
+                  o.default false
+                end
+
+                # Minimum interval, in seconds, between probe status and
+                # snapshot submissions to the agent. Probe notifier worker will
+                # batch together payloads submitted during each interval.
+                # A longer interval reduces the overhead imposed by dynamic
+                # instrumentation on the application, but also increases the
+                # time when application code cannot run (when the batches are
+                # being sent out by the probe notifier worker) and creates a
+                # possibility of dropping payloads if the queue gets too long.
+                option :min_send_interval do |o|
+                  o.type :float
+                  o.default 3
+                end
+
+                # Number of snapshots that can be stored in the probe
+                # notifier worker queue. Larger capacity runs the risk of
+                # creating snapshots that exceed the agent's request size
+                # limit. Smaller capacity increases the risk of dropping
+                # snapshots.
+                option :snapshot_queue_capacity do |o|
+                  o.type :int
+                  o.default 100
+                end
+
+                # Enable dynamic instrumentation in development environments.
+                # Currently DI does not fully implement support for code
+                # unloading and reloading, and is not supported in
+                # non-production environments.
+                option :development do |o|
+                  o.type :bool
+                  o.default false
+                end
+
+                # Enable logging of dynamic instrumentation activity.
+                # This is quite verbose.
+                option :trace_logging do |o|
+                  o.type :bool
+                  o.default false
+
+                  # Use the same environment variable as the rest of
+                  # dd-trace-rb logging for now. Could change to a
+                  # dedicated environment variable in the future but
+                  # will likely need a way to turn on remote config
+                  # debugging (since DI uses RC for configuration).
+                  o.env 'DD_TRACE_DEBUG'
+                end
+
+                # If the CPU time consumed by the thread performing instrumentation
+                # exceeds this amount, the offending probe will be automatically disabled.
+                # Set to nil to disable the circuit breaker.
+                # Set to zero to disable every probe after it executes once.
+                option :max_processing_time do |o|
+                  o.type :float
+                  o.default 0.5
+                end
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
     end
   end
 end
-
-require_relative "configuration/settings"

data/lib/datadog/di/instrumenter.rb

@@ -89,6 +89,11 @@ module Datadog
       # from the method but from outside of the method).
       Location = Struct.new(:path, :lineno, :label)
 
+      # Method probes can only target instance methods. The implementation uses
+      # Module#prepend with a module that defines an instance method matching the
+      # probe's target — class/singleton methods (def self.foo, module_function)
+      # are not reachable via prepend on the class itself. Line probes are
+      # unaffected since they install via TracePoint, not method dispatch.
       def hook_method(probe, responder)
         lock.synchronize do
           if probe.instrumentation_module
@@ -150,7 +155,7 @@ module Datadog
                     rescue => nested_exc
                       raise if settings.dynamic_instrumentation.internal.propagate_all_exceptions
 
-                      instrumenter.logger.debug { "di: error in probe condition evaluation failed callback: #{nested_exc.class}: #{nested_exc}" }
+                      instrumenter.logger.debug { "di: error in probe condition evaluation failed callback: #{nested_exc.class}: #{nested_exc.message}" }
                       instrumenter.telemetry&.report(nested_exc, description: "Error in probe condition evaluation failed callback")
                     end
                   else
@@ -158,7 +163,7 @@ module Datadog
 
                     raise if settings.dynamic_instrumentation.internal.propagate_all_exceptions
 
-                    instrumenter.logger.debug { "di: error evaluating condition without context (tracer bug?): #{exc.class}: #{exc}" }
+                    instrumenter.logger.debug { "di: error evaluating condition without context (tracer bug?): #{exc.class}: #{exc.message}" }
                     instrumenter.telemetry&.report(exc, description: "Error evaluating condition without context")
                     # If execution gets here, there is probably a bug in the tracer.
                   end
@@ -245,7 +250,7 @@ module Datadog
               rescue => di_exc
                 raise if settings.dynamic_instrumentation.internal.propagate_all_exceptions
 
-                instrumenter.logger.debug { "di: unhandled exception in method probe: #{di_exc.class}: #{di_exc}" }
+                instrumenter.logger.debug { "di: unhandled exception in method probe: #{di_exc.class}: #{di_exc.message}" }
                 instrumenter.telemetry&.report(di_exc, description: "Unhandled exception in method probe")
               end
 
@@ -337,7 +342,11 @@ module Datadog
           # Steep: Complex type narrowing (before calling hook_line,
           # we check that probe.line? is true which itself checks that probe.file is not nil)
           # Annotation do not work here as `file` is a method on probe, not a local variable.
-          ret = code_tracker.iseqs_for_path_suffix(probe.file) # steep:ignore ArgumentTypeMismatch
+          ret = if code_tracker.respond_to?(:iseq_for_line)
+            code_tracker.iseq_for_line(probe.file, line_no) # steep:ignore ArgumentTypeMismatch
+          else
+            code_tracker.iseqs_for_path_suffix(probe.file) # steep:ignore ArgumentTypeMismatch
+          end
           unless ret
             if permit_untargeted_trace_points
               # Continue withoout targeting the trace point.
@@ -355,16 +364,16 @@ module Datadog
               # to instrument and install the hook when the file in
               # question is loaded (and hopefully, by then code tracking
               # is active, otherwise the line will never be instrumented.)
-              raise_if_probe_in_loaded_features(probe)
-              raise Error::DITargetNotDefined, "File not in code tracker registry: #{probe.file}"
+              raise_if_probe_in_loaded_features(probe, line_no, code_tracker)
+              raise Error::DITargetNotDefined, "File not in code tracker registry: #{probe.file}:#{line_no}"
             end
           end
         elsif !permit_untargeted_trace_points
           # Same as previous comment, if untargeted trace points are not
           # explicitly defined, and we do not have code tracking, do not
           # instrument the method.
-          raise_if_probe_in_loaded_features(probe)
-          raise Error::DITargetNotDefined, "File not in code tracker registry: #{probe.file}"
+          raise_if_probe_in_loaded_features(probe, line_no, nil)
+          raise Error::DITargetNotDefined, "File not in code tracker registry: #{probe.file}:#{line_no}"
         end
 
         if ret
@@ -536,7 +545,7 @@ module Datadog
               rescue => nested_exc
                 raise if settings.dynamic_instrumentation.internal.propagate_all_exceptions
 
-                logger.debug { "di: error in probe condition evaluation failed callback: #{nested_exc.class}: #{nested_exc}" }
+                logger.debug { "di: error in probe condition evaluation failed callback: #{nested_exc.class}: #{nested_exc.message}" }
                 telemetry&.report(nested_exc, description: "Error in probe condition evaluation failed callback")
               end
 
@@ -546,7 +555,7 @@ module Datadog
 
               raise if settings.dynamic_instrumentation.internal.propagate_all_exceptions
 
-              logger.debug { "di: error evaluating condition without context (tracer bug?): #{exc.class}: #{exc}" }
+              logger.debug { "di: error evaluating condition without context (tracer bug?): #{exc.class}: #{exc.message}" }
               telemetry&.report(exc, description: "Error evaluating condition without context")
               # If execution gets here, there is probably a bug in the tracer.
             end
@@ -568,7 +577,7 @@ module Datadog
         check_and_disable_if_exceeded(probe, responder, di_start_time)
       rescue => exc
         raise if settings.dynamic_instrumentation.internal.propagate_all_exceptions
-        logger.debug { "di: unhandled exception in line trace point: #{exc.class}: #{exc}" }
+        logger.debug { "di: unhandled exception in line trace point: #{exc.class}: #{exc.message}" }
         telemetry&.report(exc, description: "Unhandled exception in line trace point")
         # TODO test this path
       end
@@ -606,23 +615,34 @@ module Datadog
         end
       end
 
-      def raise_if_probe_in_loaded_features(probe)
+      def raise_if_probe_in_loaded_features(probe, line_no, code_tracker)
         return unless probe.file
 
-        # If the probe file is in the list of loaded files
-        # (as per $LOADED_FEATURES, using either exact or suffix match),
-        # raise an error indicating that
-        # code tracker is missing the loaded file because the file
-        # won't be loaded again (DI only works in production environments
-        # that do not normally reload code).
-        if $LOADED_FEATURES.include?(probe.file)
-          raise Error::DITargetNotInRegistry, "File loaded but is not in code tracker registry: #{probe.file}"
+        # Find the loaded path matching the probe file.
+        loaded_path = if $LOADED_FEATURES.include?(probe.file)
+          probe.file
+        else
+          # Expensive suffix check.
+          $LOADED_FEATURES.find { |path| Utils.path_matches_suffix?(path, probe.file) }
         end
-        # Ths is an expensive check
-        $LOADED_FEATURES.each do |path|
-          if Utils.path_matches_suffix?(path, probe.file)
-            raise Error::DITargetNotInRegistry, "File matching probe path (#{probe.file}) was loaded and is not in code tracker registry: #{path}"
-          end
+
+        return unless loaded_path
+
+        # Distinguish between "no iseqs at all" and "has per-method iseqs
+        # but none cover this line".
+        has_per_method = code_tracker&.send(:instance_variable_defined?, :@per_method_registry) &&
+          code_tracker.send(:per_method_registry).key?(loaded_path)
+
+        if has_per_method
+          raise Error::DITargetNotInRegistry,
+            "File #{loaded_path} is loaded and has per-method iseqs, " \
+            "but none cover line #{line_no}. " \
+            "The line may be in file-level setup code outside any method."
+        else
+          raise Error::DITargetNotInRegistry,
+            "File #{loaded_path} is loaded but has no surviving iseqs " \
+            "(whole-file iseq was garbage collected and no per-method iseqs remain). " \
+            "Line probes cannot target this file."
         end
       end
 
@@ -630,7 +650,7 @@ module Datadog
       def symbolize_class_name(cls_name)
         Object.const_get(cls_name)
       rescue NameError => exc
-        raise Error::DITargetNotDefined, "Class not defined: #{cls_name}: #{exc.class}: #{exc}"
+        raise Error::DITargetNotDefined, "Class not defined: #{cls_name}: #{exc.class}: #{exc.message}"
       end
     end
   end

data/lib/datadog/di/probe_builder.rb

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ module Datadog
           condition: cond,
         )
       rescue KeyError => exc
-        raise ArgumentError, "Malformed remote configuration entry for probe: #{exc.class}: #{exc}: #{config}"
+        raise ArgumentError, "Malformed remote configuration entry for probe: #{exc.class}: #{exc.message}: #{config}"
       end
 
       def build_template_segments(segments)

data/lib/datadog/di/probe_file_loader.rb

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ module Datadog
             rescue => exc
               raise if component.settings.dynamic_instrumentation.internal.propagate_all_exceptions
 
-              component.logger.debug { "di: unhandled exception adding #{probe.type} probe at #{probe.location} (#{probe.id}) in DI probe file loader: #{exc.class}: #{exc}" }
+              component.logger.debug { "di: unhandled exception adding #{probe.type} probe at #{probe.location} (#{probe.id}) in DI probe file loader: #{exc.class}: #{exc.message}" }
               component.telemetry&.report(exc, description: "Unhandled exception adding probe in DI probe file loader")
 
               # TODO test this path
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ module Datadog
             raise
           end
 
-          component.logger.debug { "di: unhandled exception handling a probe in DI probe file loader: #{exc.class}: #{exc}" }
+          component.logger.debug { "di: unhandled exception handling a probe in DI probe file loader: #{exc.class}: #{exc.message}" }
           component.telemetry&.report(exc, description: "Unhandled exception handling probe in DI probe file loader")
         end
       rescue