daemon_controller 1.2.0 → 2.0.0

data/lib/daemon_controller.rb

@@ -1,16 +1,18 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 # daemon_controller, library for robust daemon management
-# Copyright (c) 2010-2014 Phusion
-# 
+# Copyright (c) 2010-2025 Asynchronous B.V.
+#
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 # in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 # to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 # copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 # furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-# 
+#
 # The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 # all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-# 
+#
 # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 # IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
@@ -19,855 +21,943 @@
 # OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 # THE SOFTWARE.
 
-require 'tempfile'
-require 'fcntl'
-require 'socket'
-require 'timeout'
-if Process.respond_to?(:spawn)
-	require 'rbconfig'
-end
+require "tempfile"
+require "fcntl"
+require "socket"
+require "pathname"
+require "timeout"
+require "rbconfig"
 
-require 'daemon_controller/lock_file'
+require_relative "daemon_controller/lock_file"
 
 # Main daemon controller object. See the README for an introduction and tutorial.
 class DaemonController
-	ALLOWED_CONNECT_EXCEPTIONS = [Errno::ECONNREFUSED, Errno::ENETUNREACH,
-		Errno::ETIMEDOUT, Errno::ECONNRESET, Errno::EINVAL,
-		Errno::EADDRNOTAVAIL]
-	
-	SPAWNER_FILE = File.expand_path(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__),
-		"daemon_controller", "spawn.rb"))
-	
-	class Error < StandardError
-	end
-	class TimeoutError < Error
-	end
-	class AlreadyStarted < Error
-	end
-	class StartError < Error
-	end
-	class StartTimeout < TimeoutError
-	end
-	class StopError < Error
-	end
-	class StopTimeout < TimeoutError
-	end
-	class ConnectError < Error
-	end
-	class DaemonizationTimeout < TimeoutError
-	end
-
-	# Create a new DaemonController object.
-	#
-	# === Mandatory options
-	#
-	# [:identifier]
-	#  A human-readable, unique name for this daemon, e.g. "Sphinx search server".
-	#  This identifier will be used in some error messages. On some platforms, it will
-	#  be used for concurrency control: on such platforms, no two DaemonController
-	#  objects will operate on the same identifier on the same time.
-	#  
-	# [:start_command]
-	#  The command to start the daemon. This must be a a String, e.g.
-	#  "mongrel_rails start -e production", or a Proc which returns a String.
-	#  
-	#  If the value is a Proc, and the +before_start+ option is given too, then
-	#  the +start_command+ Proc is guaranteed to be called after the +before_start+
-	#  Proc is called.
-	#  
-	# [:ping_command]
-	#  The ping command is used to check whether the daemon can be connected to.
-	#  It is also used to ensure that #start only returns when the daemon can be
-	#  connected to.
-	#  
-	#  The value may be a command string. This command must exit with an exit code of
-	#  0 if the daemon can be successfully connected to, or exit with a non-0 exit
-	#  code on failure.
-	#
-	#  The value may also be an Array which specifies the socket address of the daemon.
-	#  It must be in one of the following forms:
-	#  - [:tcp, host_name, port]
-	#  - [:unix, filename]
-	#  
-	#  The value may also be a Proc, which returns an expression that evaluates to
-	#  true (indicating that the daemon can be connected to) or false (failure).
-	#  If the Proc raises Errno::ECONNREFUSED, Errno::ENETUNREACH, Errno::ETIMEDOUT
-	#  Errno::ECONNRESET, Errno::EINVAL or Errno::EADDRNOTAVAIL then that also
-	#  means that the daemon cannot be connected to.
-	#  <b>NOTE:</b> if the ping command returns an object which responds to
-	#  <tt>#close</tt>, then that method will be called on it.
-	#  This makes it possible to specify a ping command such as
-	#  <tt>lambda { TCPSocket.new('localhost', 1234) }</tt>, without having to worry
-	#  about closing it afterwards.
-	#  Any exceptions raised by #close are ignored.
-	#  
-	# [:pid_file]
-	#  The PID file that the daemon will write to. Used to check whether the daemon
-	#  is running.
-	#
-	# [:lock_file]
-	#  The lock file to use for serializing concurrent daemon management operations.
-	#  Defaults to "(filename of PID file).lock".
-	#  
-	# [:log_file]
-	#  The log file that the daemon will write to. It will be consulted to see
-	#  whether the daemon has printed any error messages during startup.
-	#
-	# === Optional options
-	# [:stop_command]
-	#  A command to stop the daemon with, e.g. "/etc/rc.d/nginx stop". If no stop
-	#  command is given (i.e. +nil+), then DaemonController will stop the daemon
-	#  by killing the PID written in the PID file.
-	#  
-	#  The default value is +nil+.
-	#
-	# [:restart_command]
-	#  A command to restart the daemon with, e.g. "/etc/rc.d/nginx restart". If
-	#  no restart command is given (i.e. +nil+), then DaemonController will
-	#  restart the daemon by calling #stop and #start.
-	#
-	#  The default value is +nil+.
-	#
-	# [:before_start]
-	#  This may be a Proc. It will be called just before running the start command.
-	#  The before_start proc is not subject to the start timeout.
-	#  
-	# [:start_timeout]
-	#  The maximum amount of time, in seconds, that #start may take to start
-	#  the daemon. Since #start also waits until the daemon can be connected to,
-	#  that wait time is counted as well. If the daemon does not start in time,
-	#  then #start will raise an exception.
-	#  
-	#  The default value is 15.
-	#  
-	# [:stop_timeout]
-	#  The maximum amount of time, in seconds, that #stop may take to stop
-	#  the daemon. Since #stop also waits until the daemon is no longer running,
-	#  that wait time is counted as well. If the daemon does not stop in time,
-	#  then #stop will raise an exception.
-	#  
-	#  The default value is 15.
-	#  
-	# [:log_file_activity_timeout]
-	#  Once a daemon has gone into the background, it will become difficult to
-	#  know for certain whether it is still initializing or whether it has
-	#  failed and exited, until it has written its PID file. Suppose that it
-	#  failed with an error after daemonizing but before it has written its PID file;
-	#  not many system administrators want to wait 15 seconds (the default start
-	#  timeout) to be notified of whether the daemon has terminated with an error.
-	#  
-	#  An alternative way to check whether the daemon has terminated with an error,
-	#  is by checking whether its log file has been recently updated. If, after the
-	#  daemon has started, the log file hasn't been updated for the amount of seconds
-	#  given by the :log_file_activity_timeout option, then the daemon is assumed to
-	#  have terminated with an error.
-	#  
-	#  The default value is 7.
-	#
-	# [:daemonize_for_me]
-	#  Normally daemon_controller will wait until the daemon has daemonized into the
-	#  background, in order to capture any errors that it may print on stdout or
-	#  stderr before daemonizing. However, if the daemon doesn't support daemonization
-	#  for some reason, then setting this option to true will cause daemon_controller
-	#  to do the daemonization for the daemon.
-	#  
-	#  The default is false.
-	#
-	# [:keep_ios]
-	#  Upon spawning the daemon, daemon_controller will normally close all file
-	#  descriptors except stdin, stdout and stderr. However if there are any file
-	#  descriptors you want to keep open, specify the IO objects here. This must be
-	#  an array of IO objects.
-	#
-	# [:env]
-	#  This must be a Hash.  The hash will contain the environment variables available
-	#  to be made available to the daemon. Hash keys must be strings, not symbols.
-	def initialize(options)
-		[:identifier, :start_command, :ping_command, :pid_file, :log_file].each do |option|
-			if !options.has_key?(option)
-				raise ArgumentError, "The ':#{option}' option is mandatory."
-			end
-		end
-		@identifier = options[:identifier]
-		@start_command = options[:start_command]
-		@stop_command = options[:stop_command]
-		@ping_command = options[:ping_command]
-		@restart_command = options[:restart_command]
-		@ping_interval = options[:ping_interval] || 0.1
-		@pid_file = options[:pid_file]
-		@log_file = options[:log_file]
-		@before_start = options[:before_start]
-		@start_timeout = options[:start_timeout] || 15
-		@stop_timeout = options[:stop_timeout] || 15
-		@log_file_activity_timeout = options[:log_file_activity_timeout] || 7
-		@daemonize_for_me = options[:daemonize_for_me]
-		@keep_ios = options[:keep_ios] || []
-		@lock_file = determine_lock_file(options, @identifier, @pid_file)
-		@env = options[:env] || {}
-	end
-	
-	# Start the daemon and wait until it can be pinged.
-	#
-	# Raises:
-	# - AlreadyStarted - the daemon is already running.
-	# - StartError - the start command failed.
-	# - StartTimeout - the daemon did not start in time. This could also
-	#   mean that the daemon failed after it has gone into the background.
-	def start
-		@lock_file.exclusive_lock do
-			start_without_locking
-		end
-	end
-	
-	# Connect to the daemon by running the given block, which contains the
-	# connection logic. If the daemon isn't already running, then it will be
-	# started.
-	#
-	# The block must return nil or raise Errno::ECONNREFUSED, Errno::ENETUNREACH,
-	# Errno::ETIMEDOUT, Errno::ECONNRESET, Errno::EINVAL and Errno::EADDRNOTAVAIL
-	# to indicate that the daemon cannot be
-	# connected to. It must return non-nil if the daemon can be connected to.
-	# Upon successful connection, the return value of the block will
-	# be returned by #connect.
-	#
-	# Note that the block may be called multiple times.
-	#
-	# Raises:
-	# - StartError - an attempt to start the daemon was made, but the start
-	#   command failed with an error.
-	# - StartTimeout - an attempt to start the daemon was made, but the daemon
-	#   did not start in time, or it failed after it has gone into the background.
-	# - ConnectError - the daemon wasn't already running, but we couldn't connect
-	#   to the daemon even after starting it.
-	def connect
-		connection = nil
-		@lock_file.shared_lock do
-			begin
-				connection = yield
-			rescue *ALLOWED_CONNECT_EXCEPTIONS
-				connection = nil
-			end
-		end
-		if connection.nil?
-			@lock_file.exclusive_lock do
-				if !daemon_is_running?
-					start_without_locking
-				end
-				connect_exception = nil
-				begin
-					connection = yield
-				rescue *ALLOWED_CONNECT_EXCEPTIONS => e
-					connection = nil
-					connect_exception = e
-				end
-				if connection.nil?
-					# Daemon is running but we couldn't connect to it. Possible
-					# reasons:
-					# - The daemon froze.
-					# - Bizarre security restrictions.
-					# - There's a bug in the yielded code.
-					if connect_exception
-						raise ConnectError, "Cannot connect to the daemon: #{connect_exception} (#{connect_exception.class})"
-					else
-						raise ConnectError, "Cannot connect to the daemon"
-					end
-				else
-					return connection
-				end
-			end
-		else
-			return connection
-		end
-	end
-	
-	# Stop the daemon and wait until it has exited.
-	#
-	# Raises:
-	# - StopError - the stop command failed.
-	# - StopTimeout - the daemon didn't stop in time.
-	def stop
-		@lock_file.exclusive_lock do
-			begin
-				Timeout.timeout(@stop_timeout, Timeout::Error) do
-					kill_daemon
-					wait_until do
-						!daemon_is_running?
-					end
-				end
-			rescue Timeout::Error
-				raise StopTimeout, "Daemon '#{@identifier}' did not exit in time"
-			end
-		end
-	end
-	
-	# Restarts the daemon. Uses the restart_command if provided, otherwise
-	# calls #stop and #start.
-	def restart
-		if @restart_command
-			run_command(@restart_command)
-		else
-			stop
-			start
-		end
-	end
-	
-	# Returns the daemon's PID, as reported by its PID file. Returns the PID
-	# as an integer, or nil there is no valid PID in the PID file.
-	#
-	# This method doesn't check whether the daemon's actually running.
-	# Use #running? if you want to check whether it's actually running.
-	#
-	# Raises SystemCallError or IOError if something went wrong during
-	# reading of the PID file.
-	def pid
-		@lock_file.shared_lock do
-			return read_pid_file
-		end
-	end
-	
-	# Checks whether the daemon is still running. This is done by reading
-	# the PID file and then checking whether there is a process with that
-	# PID.
-	#
-	# Raises SystemCallError or IOError if something went wrong during
-	# reading of the PID file.
-	def running?
-		@lock_file.shared_lock do
-			return daemon_is_running?
-		end
-	end
-
-	# Checks whether ping Unix domain sockets is supported. Currently
-	# this is supported on all Ruby implementations, except JRuby.
-	def self.can_ping_unix_sockets?
-		return RUBY_PLATFORM != "java"
-	end
-
-private
-	def start_without_locking
-		if daemon_is_running?
-			raise AlreadyStarted, "Daemon '#{@identifier}' is already started"
-		end
-		save_log_file_information
-		delete_pid_file
-		begin
-			started = false
-			before_start
-			Timeout.timeout(@start_timeout, Timeout::Error) do
-				done = false
-				spawn_daemon
-				record_activity
-				
-				# We wait until the PID file is available and until
-				# the daemon responds to pings, but we wait no longer
-				# than @start_timeout seconds in total (including daemon
-				# spawn time).
-				# Furthermore, if the log file hasn't changed for
-				# @log_file_activity_timeout seconds, and the PID file
-				# still isn't available or the daemon still doesn't
-				# respond to pings, then assume that the daemon has
-				# terminated with an error.
-				wait_until do
-					if log_file_has_changed?
-						record_activity
-					elsif no_activity?(@log_file_activity_timeout)
-						raise Timeout::Error, "Daemon seems to have exited"
-					end
-					pid_file_available?
-				end
-				wait_until(@ping_interval) do
-					if log_file_has_changed?
-						record_activity
-					elsif no_activity?(@log_file_activity_timeout)
-						raise Timeout::Error, "Daemon seems to have exited"
-					end
-					run_ping_command || !daemon_is_running?
-				end
-				started = run_ping_command
-			end
-			result = started
-		rescue DaemonizationTimeout, Timeout::Error => e
-			start_timed_out
-			if pid_file_available?
-				kill_daemon_with_signal(true)
-			end
-			if e.is_a?(DaemonizationTimeout)
-				result = :daemonization_timeout
-			else
-				result = :start_timeout
-			end
-		end
-		if !result
-			raise(StartError, differences_in_log_file ||
-				"Daemon '#{@identifier}' failed to start.")
-		elsif result == :daemonization_timeout
-			raise(StartTimeout, differences_in_log_file ||
-				"Daemon '#{@identifier}' didn't daemonize in time.")
-		elsif result == :start_timeout
-			raise(StartTimeout, differences_in_log_file ||
-				"Daemon '#{@identifier}' failed to start in time.")
-		else
-			return true
-		end
-	end
-	
-	def before_start
-		if @before_start
-			@before_start.call
-		end
-	end
-	
-	def spawn_daemon
-		if @start_command.respond_to?(:call)
-			run_command(@start_command.call)
-		else
-			run_command(@start_command)
-		end
-	end
-	
-	def kill_daemon
-		if @stop_command
-			begin
-				run_command(@stop_command)
-			rescue StartError => e
-				raise StopError, e.message
-			end
-		else
-			kill_daemon_with_signal
-		end
-	end
-	
-	def kill_daemon_with_signal(force = false)
-		pid = read_pid_file
-		if pid
-			if force
-				Process.kill('SIGKILL', pid)
-			else
-				Process.kill('SIGTERM', pid)
-			end
-		end
-	rescue Errno::ESRCH, Errno::ENOENT
-	end
-	
-	def daemon_is_running?
-		begin
-			pid = read_pid_file
-		rescue Errno::ENOENT
-			# The PID file may not exist, or another thread/process
-			# executing #running? may have just deleted the PID file.
-			# So we catch this error.
-			pid = nil
-		end
-		if pid.nil?
-			return false
-		elsif check_pid(pid)
-			return true
-		else
-			delete_pid_file
-			return false
-		end
-	end
-	
-	def read_pid_file
-		pid = File.read(@pid_file).strip
-		if pid =~ /\A\d+\Z/
-			return pid.to_i
-		else
-			return nil
-		end
-	end
-	
-	def delete_pid_file
-		File.unlink(@pid_file)
-	rescue Errno::EPERM, Errno::EACCES, Errno::ENOENT # ignore
-	end
-	
-	def check_pid(pid)
-		Process.kill(0, pid)
-		return true
-	rescue Errno::ESRCH
-		return false
-	rescue Errno::EPERM
-		# We didn't have permission to kill the process. Either the process
-		# is owned by someone else, or the system has draconian security
-		# settings and we aren't allowed to kill *any* process. Assume that
-		# the process is running.
-		return true
-	end
-	
-	def wait_until(sleep_interval = 0.1)
-		while !yield
-			sleep(sleep_interval)
-		end
-	end
-	
-	def wait_until_pid_file_is_available_or_log_file_has_changed
-		while !(pid_file_available? || log_file_has_changed?)
-			sleep 0.1
-		end
-		return pid_file_is_available?
-	end
-	
-	def wait_until_daemon_responds_to_ping_or_has_exited_or_log_file_has_changed
-		while !(run_ping_command || !daemon_is_running? || log_file_has_changed?)
-			sleep(@ping_interval)
-		end
-		return run_ping_command
-	end
-	
-	def record_activity
-		@last_activity_time = Time.now
-	end
-	
-	# Check whether there has been no recorded activity in the past +seconds+ seconds.
-	def no_activity?(seconds)
-		return Time.now - @last_activity_time > seconds
-	end
-	
-	def pid_file_available?
-		return File.exist?(@pid_file) && File.stat(@pid_file).size != 0
-	end
-	
-	# This method does nothing and only serves as a hook for the unit test.
-	def start_timed_out
-	end
-	
-	# This method does nothing and only serves as a hook for the unit test.
-	def daemonization_timed_out
-	end
-	
-	def save_log_file_information
-		@original_log_file_stat = File.stat(@log_file) rescue nil
-		@current_log_file_stat = @original_log_file_stat
-	end
-	
-	def log_file_has_changed?
-		if @current_log_file_stat
-			stat = File.stat(@log_file) rescue nil
-			if stat
-				result = @current_log_file_stat.mtime != stat.mtime ||
-				         @current_log_file_stat.size  != stat.size
-				@current_log_file_stat = stat
-				return result
-			else
-				return true
-			end
-		else
-			return false
-		end
-	end
-	
-	def differences_in_log_file
-		if @original_log_file_stat
-			File.open(@log_file, 'r') do |f|
-				f.seek(@original_log_file_stat.size, IO::SEEK_SET)
-				diff = f.read.strip
-				if diff.empty?
-					return nil
-				else
-					return diff
-				end
-			end
-		else
-			return nil
-		end
-	rescue Errno::ENOENT, Errno::ESPIPE
-		# ESPIPE means the log file is a pipe.
-		return nil
-	end
-	
-	def determine_lock_file(options, identifier, pid_file)
-		if options[:lock_file]
-			return LockFile.new(File.expand_path(options[:lock_file]))
-		else
-			return LockFile.new(File.expand_path(pid_file + ".lock"))
-		end
-	end
-	
-	def self.fork_supported?
-		return RUBY_PLATFORM != "java" && RUBY_PLATFORM !~ /win32/
-	end
-
-	def self.spawn_supported?
-		# Process.spawn doesn't work very well in JRuby.
-		return Process.respond_to?(:spawn) && RUBY_PLATFORM != "java"
-	end
-	
-	def run_command(command)
-		# Create tempfile for storing the command's output.
-		tempfile = Tempfile.new('daemon-output')
-		tempfile_path = tempfile.path
-		File.chmod(0666, tempfile_path)
-		tempfile.close
-		
-		if self.class.fork_supported? || self.class.spawn_supported?
-			if Process.respond_to?(:spawn)
-				options = {
-					:in  => "/dev/null",
-					:out => tempfile_path,
-					:err => tempfile_path,
-					:close_others => true
-				}
-				@keep_ios.each do |io|
-					options[io] = io
-				end
-				if @daemonize_for_me
-					pid = Process.spawn(@env, ruby_interpreter, SPAWNER_FILE,
-						command, options)
-				else
-					pid = Process.spawn(@env, command, options)
-				end
-			else
-				pid = safe_fork(@daemonize_for_me) do
-					ObjectSpace.each_object(IO) do |obj|
-						if !@keep_ios.include?(obj)
-							obj.close rescue nil
-						end
-					end
-					STDIN.reopen("/dev/null", "r")
-					STDOUT.reopen(tempfile_path, "w")
-					STDERR.reopen(tempfile_path, "w")
-					ENV.update(@env)
-					exec(command)
-				end
-			end
-			
-			# run_command might be running in a timeout block (like
-			# in #start_without_locking).
-			begin
-				interruptable_waitpid(pid)
-			rescue Errno::ECHILD
-				# Maybe a background thread or whatever waitpid()'ed
-				# this child process before we had the chance. There's
-				# no way to obtain the exit status now. Assume that
-				# it started successfully; if it didn't we'll know
-				# that later by checking the PID file and by pinging
-				# it.
-				return
-			rescue Timeout::Error
-				daemonization_timed_out
-				
-				# If the daemon doesn't fork into the background
-				# in time, then kill it.
-				begin
-					Process.kill('SIGTERM', pid)
-				rescue SystemCallError
-				end
-				begin
-					Timeout.timeout(5, Timeout::Error) do
-						begin
-							interruptable_waitpid(pid)
-						rescue SystemCallError
-						end
-					end
-				rescue Timeout::Error
-					begin
-						Process.kill('SIGKILL', pid)
-						interruptable_waitpid(pid)
-					rescue SystemCallError
-					end
-				end
-				raise DaemonizationTimeout
-			end
-			if $?.exitstatus != 0
-				raise StartError, File.read(tempfile_path).strip
-			end
-		else
-			if @env && !@env.empty?
-				raise "Setting the :env option is not supported on this Ruby implementation."
-			elsif @daemonize_for_me
-				raise "Setting the :daemonize_for_me option is not supported on this Ruby implementation."
-			end
-
-			cmd = "#{command} >\"#{tempfile_path}\""
-			cmd << " 2>\"#{tempfile_path}\"" unless PLATFORM =~ /mswin/
-			if !system(cmd)
-				raise StartError, File.read(tempfile_path).strip
-			end
-		end
-	ensure
-		File.unlink(tempfile_path) rescue nil
-	end
-	
-	def run_ping_command
-		if @ping_command.respond_to?(:call)
-			begin
-				value = @ping_command.call
-				if value.respond_to?(:close)
-					value.close rescue nil
-				end
-				return value
-			rescue *ALLOWED_CONNECT_EXCEPTIONS
-				return false
-			end
-		elsif @ping_command.is_a?(Array)
-			type, *args = @ping_command
-			if self.class.can_ping_unix_sockets?
-				case type
-				when :tcp
-					hostname, port = args
-					sockaddr = Socket.pack_sockaddr_in(port, hostname)
-					return ping_tcp_socket(sockaddr)
-				when :unix
-					socket_domain = Socket::Constants::AF_LOCAL
-					sockaddr = Socket.pack_sockaddr_un(args[0])
-					return ping_socket(socket_domain, sockaddr)
-				else
-					raise ArgumentError, "Unknown ping command type #{type.inspect}"
-				end
-			else
-				case type
-				when :tcp
-					hostname, port = args
-					return ping_socket(hostname, port)
-				when :unix
-					raise "Pinging Unix domain sockets is not supported on this Ruby implementation"
-				else
-					raise ArgumentError, "Unknown ping command type #{type.inspect}"
-				end
-			end
-		else
-			return system(@ping_command)
-		end
-	end
-
-	if !can_ping_unix_sockets?
-		require 'java'
-		
-		def ping_socket(host_name, port)
-			channel = java.nio.channels.SocketChannel.open
-			begin
-				address = java.net.InetSocketAddress.new(host_name, port)
-				channel.configure_blocking(false)
-				if channel.connect(address)
-					return true
-				end
-
-				deadline = Time.now.to_f + 0.1
-				done = false
-				while true
-					begin
-						if channel.finish_connect
-							return true
-						end
-					rescue java.net.ConnectException => e
-						if e.message =~ /Connection refused/i
-							return false
-						else
-							throw e
-						end
-					end
-					
-					# Not done connecting and no error.
-					sleep 0.01
-					if Time.now.to_f >= deadline
-						return false
-					end
-				end
-			ensure
-				channel.close
-			end
-		end
-	else
-		def ping_socket(socket_domain, sockaddr)
-			begin
-				socket = Socket.new(socket_domain, Socket::Constants::SOCK_STREAM, 0)
-				begin
-					socket.connect_nonblock(sockaddr)
-				rescue Errno::ENOENT, Errno::EINPROGRESS, Errno::EAGAIN, Errno::EWOULDBLOCK
-					if select(nil, [socket], nil, 0.1)
-						begin
-							socket.connect_nonblock(sockaddr)
-						rescue Errno::EISCONN
-						rescue Errno::EINVAL
-							if RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /freebsd/i
-								raise Errno::ECONNREFUSED
-							else
-								raise
-							end
-						end
-					else
-						raise Errno::ECONNREFUSED
-					end
-				end
-				return true
-			rescue Errno::ECONNREFUSED, Errno::ENOENT
-				return false
-			ensure
-				socket.close if socket
-			end
-		end
-
-		def ping_tcp_socket(sockaddr)
-			begin
-				ping_socket(Socket::Constants::AF_INET, sockaddr)
-			rescue Errno::EAFNOSUPPORT
-				ping_socket(Socket::Constants::AF_INET6, sockaddr)
-			end
-		end
-	end
-
-	def ruby_interpreter
-		if defined?(RbConfig)
-			rb_config = RbConfig::CONFIG
-		else
-			rb_config = Config::CONFIG
-		end
-		File.join(
-			rb_config['bindir'],
-			rb_config['RUBY_INSTALL_NAME']
-		) + rb_config['EXEEXT']
-	end
-
-	def safe_fork(double_fork)
-		pid = fork
-		if pid.nil?
-			begin
-				if double_fork
-					pid2 = fork
-					if pid2.nil?
-						Process.setsid
-						yield
-					end
-				else
-					yield
-				end
-			rescue Exception => e
-				message = "*** Exception #{e.class} " <<
-					"(#{e}) (process #{$$}):\n" <<
-					"\tfrom " << e.backtrace.join("\n\tfrom ")
-				STDERR.write(e)
-				STDERR.flush
-				exit!
-			ensure
-				exit!(0)
-			end
-		else
-			if double_fork
-				Process.waitpid(pid) rescue nil
-				return pid
-			else
-				return pid
-			end
-		end
-	end
-	
-	if RUBY_VERSION < "1.9"
-		def interruptable_waitpid(pid)
-			Process.waitpid(pid)
-		end
-	else
-		# On Ruby 1.9, Thread#kill (which is called by timeout.rb) may
-		# not be able to interrupt Process.waitpid. So here we use a
-		# special version that's a bit less efficient but is at least
-		# interruptable.
-		def interruptable_waitpid(pid)
-			result = nil
-			while !result
-				result = Process.waitpid(pid, Process::WNOHANG)
-				sleep 0.01 if !result
-			end
-			return result
-		end
-	end
+  ALLOWED_CONNECT_EXCEPTIONS = [Errno::ECONNREFUSED, Errno::ENETUNREACH,
+    Errno::ETIMEDOUT, Errno::ECONNRESET, Errno::EINVAL,
+    Errno::EADDRNOTAVAIL]
+
+  SPAWNER_FILE = File.absolute_path(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__),
+    "daemon_controller", "spawn.rb"))
+
+  class Error < StandardError
+  end
+
+  class TimeoutError < Error
+  end
+
+  class AlreadyStarted < Error
+  end
+
+  class StartError < Error
+  end
+
+  class StartTimeout < TimeoutError
+  end
+
+  class StopError < Error
+  end
+
+  class StopTimeout < TimeoutError
+  end
+
+  class ConnectError < Error
+  end
+
+  # Internal, not publicly thrown.
+  class DaemonizationTimeout < TimeoutError
+    attr_reader :output
+
+    def initialize(output)
+      super()
+      @output = output
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Create a new DaemonController object.
+  #
+  # === Mandatory options
+  #
+  # [:identifier]
+  #  A human-readable, unique name for this daemon, e.g. "Sphinx search server".
+  #  This identifier will be used in some error messages. On some platforms, it will
+  #  be used for concurrency control: on such platforms, no two DaemonController
+  #  objects will operate on the same identifier on the same time.
+  #
+  # [:start_command]
+  #  The command to start the daemon. This must be a a String, e.g.
+  #  "mongrel_rails start -e production", or a Proc which returns a String.
+  #
+  #  If the value is a Proc, and the +before_start+ option is given too, then
+  #  the +start_command+ Proc is guaranteed to be called after the +before_start+
+  #  Proc is called.
+  #
+  # [:ping_command]
+  #  The ping command is used to check whether the daemon can be connected to.
+  #  It is also used to ensure that #start only returns when the daemon can be
+  #  connected to.
+  #
+  #  The value may be a command string. This command must exit with an exit code of
+  #  0 if the daemon can be successfully connected to, or exit with a non-0 exit
+  #  code on failure.
+  #
+  #  The value may also be an Array which specifies the socket address of the daemon.
+  #  It must be in one of the following forms:
+  #  - [:tcp, host_name, port]
+  #  - [:unix, filename]
+  #
+  #  The value may also be a Proc, which returns an expression that evaluates to
+  #  true (indicating that the daemon can be connected to) or false (failure).
+  #  If the Proc raises Errno::ECONNREFUSED, Errno::ENETUNREACH, Errno::ETIMEDOUT
+  #  Errno::ECONNRESET, Errno::EINVAL or Errno::EADDRNOTAVAIL then that also
+  #  means that the daemon cannot be connected to.
+  #  <b>NOTE:</b> if the ping command returns an object which responds to
+  #  <tt>#close</tt>, then that method will be called on it.
+  #  This makes it possible to specify a ping command such as
+  #  <tt>lambda { TCPSocket.new('localhost', 1234) }</tt>, without having to worry
+  #  about closing it afterwards.
+  #  Any exceptions raised by #close are ignored.
+  #
+  # [:pid_file]
+  #  The PID file that the daemon will write to. Used to check whether the daemon
+  #  is running.
+  #
+  # [:lock_file]
+  #  The lock file to use for serializing concurrent daemon management operations.
+  #  Defaults to "(filename of PID file).lock".
+  #
+  # [:log_file]
+  #  The log file that the daemon will write to. It will be consulted to see
+  #  whether the daemon has printed any error messages during startup.
+  #
+  # === Optional options
+  # [:stop_command]
+  #  A command to stop the daemon with, e.g. "/etc/rc.d/nginx stop". If no stop
+  #  command is given (i.e. +nil+), then DaemonController will stop the daemon
+  #  by killing the PID written in the PID file.
+  #
+  #  The default value is +nil+.
+  #
+  # [:restart_command]
+  #  A command to restart the daemon with, e.g. "/etc/rc.d/nginx restart". If
+  #  no restart command is given (i.e. +nil+), then DaemonController will
+  #  restart the daemon by calling #stop and #start.
+  #
+  #  The default value is +nil+.
+  #
+  # [:before_start]
+  #  This may be a Proc. It will be called just before running the start command.
+  #  The before_start proc is not subject to the start timeout.
+  #
+  # [:start_timeout]
+  #  The maximum amount of time, in seconds, that #start may take to start
+  #  the daemon. Since #start also waits until the daemon can be connected to,
+  #  that wait time is counted as well. If the daemon does not start in time,
+  #  then #start will raise an exception.
+  #
+  #  The default value is 15.
+  #
+  # [:stop_timeout]
+  #  The maximum amount of time, in seconds, that #stop may take to stop
+  #  the daemon. Since #stop also waits until the daemon is no longer running,
+  #  that wait time is counted as well. If the daemon does not stop in time,
+  #  then #stop will raise an exception.
+  #
+  #  The default value is 15.
+  #
+  # [:log_file_activity_timeout]
+  #  Once a daemon has gone into the background, it will become difficult to
+  #  know for certain whether it is still initializing or whether it has
+  #  failed and exited, until it has written its PID file. Suppose that it
+  #  failed with an error after daemonizing but before it has written its PID file;
+  #  not many system administrators want to wait 15 seconds (the default start
+  #  timeout) to be notified of whether the daemon has terminated with an error.
+  #
+  #  An alternative way to check whether the daemon has terminated with an error,
+  #  is by checking whether its log file has been recently updated. If, after the
+  #  daemon has started, the log file hasn't been updated for the amount of seconds
+  #  given by the :log_file_activity_timeout option, then the daemon is assumed to
+  #  have terminated with an error.
+  #
+  #  The default value is 7.
+  #
+  # [:dont_stop_if_pid_file_invalid]
+  #  If the :stop_command option is given, then normally daemon_controller will
+  #  always execute this command upon calling #stop. But if :dont_stop_if_pid_file_invalid
+  #  is given, then daemon_controller will not do that if the PID file does not contain
+  #  a valid number.
+  #
+  #  The default is false.
+  #
+  # [:daemonize_for_me]
+  #  Normally daemon_controller will wait until the daemon has daemonized into the
+  #  background, in order to capture any errors that it may print on stdout or
+  #  stderr before daemonizing. However, if the daemon doesn't support daemonization
+  #  for some reason, then setting this option to true will cause daemon_controller
+  #  to do the daemonization for the daemon.
+  #
+  #  The default is false.
+  #
+  # [:keep_ios]
+  #  Upon spawning the daemon, daemon_controller will normally close all file
+  #  descriptors except stdin, stdout and stderr. However if there are any file
+  #  descriptors you want to keep open, specify the IO objects here. This must be
+  #  an array of IO objects.
+  #
+  # [:env]
+  #  This must be a Hash.  The hash will contain the environment variables available
+  #  to be made available to the daemon. Hash keys must be strings, not symbols.
+  def initialize(options)
+    [:identifier, :start_command, :ping_command, :pid_file, :log_file].each do |option|
+      if !options.has_key?(option)
+        raise ArgumentError, "The ':#{option}' option is mandatory"
+      end
+    end
+    @identifier = options[:identifier]
+    @start_command = options[:start_command]
+    @stop_command = options[:stop_command]
+    @ping_command = options[:ping_command]
+    @restart_command = options[:restart_command]
+    @ping_interval = options[:ping_interval] || 0.1
+    @pid_file = options[:pid_file]
+    @log_file = options[:log_file]
+    @before_start = options[:before_start]
+    @start_timeout = options[:start_timeout] || 15
+    @stop_timeout = options[:stop_timeout] || 15
+    @log_file_activity_timeout = options[:log_file_activity_timeout] || 7
+    @dont_stop_if_pid_file_invalid = options[:dont_stop_if_pid_file_invalid]
+    @daemonize_for_me = options[:daemonize_for_me]
+    @keep_ios = options[:keep_ios] || []
+    @lock_file = determine_lock_file(options, @identifier, @pid_file)
+    @env = options[:env] || {}
+  end
+
+  # Start the daemon and wait until it can be pinged.
+  #
+  # Raises:
+  # - AlreadyStarted - the daemon is already running.
+  # - StartError - the start command failed.
+  # - StartTimeout - the daemon did not start in time. This could also
+  #   mean that the daemon failed after it has gone into the background.
+  def start
+    @lock_file.exclusive_lock do
+      start_without_locking
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Connect to the daemon by running the given block, which contains the
+  # connection logic. If the daemon isn't already running, then it will be
+  # started.
+  #
+  # The block must return nil or raise Errno::ECONNREFUSED, Errno::ENETUNREACH,
+  # Errno::ETIMEDOUT, Errno::ECONNRESET, Errno::EINVAL and Errno::EADDRNOTAVAIL
+  # to indicate that the daemon cannot be
+  # connected to. It must return non-nil if the daemon can be connected to.
+  # Upon successful connection, the return value of the block will
+  # be returned by #connect.
+  #
+  # Note that the block may be called multiple times.
+  #
+  # Raises:
+  # - StartError - an attempt to start the daemon was made, but the start
+  #   command failed with an error.
+  # - StartTimeout - an attempt to start the daemon was made, but the daemon
+  #   did not start in time, or it failed after it has gone into the background.
+  # - ConnectError - the daemon wasn't already running, but we couldn't connect
+  #   to the daemon even after starting it.
+  def connect
+    connection = nil
+    @lock_file.shared_lock do
+      connection = yield
+    rescue *ALLOWED_CONNECT_EXCEPTIONS
+      connection = nil
+    end
+    if connection.nil?
+      @lock_file.exclusive_lock do
+        if !daemon_is_running?
+          start_without_locking
+        end
+        connect_exception = nil
+        begin
+          connection = yield
+        rescue *ALLOWED_CONNECT_EXCEPTIONS => e
+          connection = nil
+          connect_exception = e
+        end
+        if connection.nil?
+          # Daemon is running but we couldn't connect to it. Possible
+          # reasons:
+          # - The daemon froze.
+          # - Bizarre security restrictions.
+          # - There's a bug in the yielded code.
+          if connect_exception
+            raise ConnectError, "Cannot connect to the daemon: #{connect_exception} (#{connect_exception.class})"
+          else
+            raise ConnectError, "Cannot connect to the daemon"
+          end
+        else
+          connection
+        end
+      end
+    else
+      connection
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Stop the daemon and wait until it has exited.
+  #
+  # Raises:
+  # - StopError - the stop command failed.
+  # - StopTimeout - the daemon didn't stop in time.
+  def stop
+    @lock_file.exclusive_lock do
+      Timeout.timeout(@stop_timeout, Timeout::Error) do
+        kill_daemon
+        wait_until do
+          !daemon_is_running?
+        end
+      end
+    rescue Timeout::Error
+      raise StopTimeout, "Daemon '#{@identifier}' did not exit in time"
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Restarts the daemon. Uses the restart_command if provided, otherwise
+  # calls #stop and #start.
+  def restart
+    if @restart_command
+      run_command(@restart_command)
+    else
+      stop
+      start
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Returns the daemon's PID, as reported by its PID file. Returns the PID
+  # as an integer, or nil there is no valid PID in the PID file.
+  #
+  # This method doesn't check whether the daemon's actually running.
+  # Use #running? if you want to check whether it's actually running.
+  #
+  # Raises SystemCallError or IOError if something went wrong during
+  # reading of the PID file.
+  def pid
+    @lock_file.shared_lock do
+      read_pid_file
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Checks whether the daemon is still running. This is done by reading
+  # the PID file and then checking whether there is a process with that
+  # PID.
+  #
+  # Raises SystemCallError or IOError if something went wrong during
+  # reading of the PID file.
+  def running?
+    @lock_file.shared_lock do
+      daemon_is_running?
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Checks whether ping Unix domain sockets is supported. Currently
+  # this is supported on all Ruby implementations, except JRuby.
+  def self.can_ping_unix_sockets?
+    RUBY_PLATFORM != "java"
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def start_without_locking
+    if daemon_is_running?
+      raise AlreadyStarted, "Daemon '#{@identifier}' is already started"
+    end
+    save_log_file_information
+    delete_pid_file
+    begin
+      started = false
+      before_start
+      Timeout.timeout(@start_timeout, Timeout::Error) do
+        spawn_daemon
+        record_activity
+
+        # We wait until the PID file is available and until
+        # the daemon responds to pings, but we wait no longer
+        # than @start_timeout seconds in total (including daemon
+        # spawn time).
+        # Furthermore, if the log file hasn't changed for
+        # @log_file_activity_timeout seconds, and the PID file
+        # still isn't available or the daemon still doesn't
+        # respond to pings, then assume that the daemon has
+        # terminated with an error.
+        wait_until do
+          if log_file_has_changed?
+            record_activity
+          elsif no_activity?(@log_file_activity_timeout)
+            raise Timeout::Error, "Log file inactivity"
+          end
+          pid_file_available?
+        end
+        wait_until(@ping_interval) do
+          if log_file_has_changed?
+            record_activity
+          elsif no_activity?(@log_file_activity_timeout)
+            raise Timeout::Error, "Log file inactivity"
+          end
+          run_ping_command || !daemon_is_running?
+        end
+        started = run_ping_command
+      end
+      result = started
+    rescue DaemonizationTimeout, Timeout::Error => e
+      start_timed_out
+      if pid_file_available?
+        kill_daemon_with_signal(true)
+      end
+      result = if e.is_a?(DaemonizationTimeout)
+        :daemonization_timeout
+      else
+        :start_timeout
+      end
+    end
+
+    if !result
+      raise StartError, concat_spawn_output_and_logs(@spawn_output, differences_in_log_file)
+    elsif result == :daemonization_timeout
+      raise StartTimeout, concat_spawn_output_and_logs(@spawn_output, differences_in_log_file, nil, "timed out")
+    elsif result == :start_timeout
+      raise StartTimeout, concat_spawn_output_and_logs(@spawn_output, differences_in_log_file, nil, "timed out")
+    else
+      true
+    end
+  end
+
+  def before_start
+    if @before_start
+      @before_start.call
+    end
+  end
+
+  def spawn_daemon
+    @spawn_output = if @start_command.respond_to?(:call)
+      run_command(@start_command.call)
+    else
+      run_command(@start_command)
+    end
+  rescue DaemonizationTimeout => e
+    @spawn_output = e.output
+    raise e
+  end
+
+  def kill_daemon
+    if @stop_command
+      if @dont_stop_if_pid_file_invalid && read_pid_file.nil?
+        return
+      end
+      begin
+        run_command(@stop_command)
+      rescue StartError => e
+        raise StopError, e.message
+      end
+    else
+      kill_daemon_with_signal
+    end
+  end
+
+  def kill_daemon_with_signal(force = false)
+    pid = read_pid_file
+    if pid
+      if force
+        Process.kill("SIGKILL", pid)
+      else
+        Process.kill("SIGTERM", pid)
+      end
+    end
+  rescue Errno::ESRCH, Errno::ENOENT
+  end
+
+  def daemon_is_running?
+    begin
+      pid = read_pid_file
+    rescue Errno::ENOENT
+      # The PID file may not exist, or another thread/process
+      # executing #running? may have just deleted the PID file.
+      # So we catch this error.
+      pid = nil
+    end
+    if pid.nil?
+      false
+    elsif check_pid(pid)
+      true
+    else
+      delete_pid_file
+      false
+    end
+  end
+
+  def read_pid_file
+    begin
+      pid = File.read(@pid_file).strip
+    rescue Errno::ENOENT
+      return nil
+    end
+    if /\A\d+\Z/.match?(pid)
+      pid.to_i
+    end
+  end
+
+  def delete_pid_file
+    File.unlink(@pid_file)
+  rescue Errno::EPERM, Errno::EACCES, Errno::ENOENT # ignore
+  end
+
+  def check_pid(pid)
+    Process.kill(0, pid)
+    true
+  rescue Errno::ESRCH
+    false
+  rescue Errno::EPERM
+    # We didn't have permission to kill the process. Either the process
+    # is owned by someone else, or the system has draconian security
+    # settings and we aren't allowed to kill *any* process. Assume that
+    # the process is running.
+    true
+  end
+
+  def wait_until(sleep_interval = 0.1)
+    until yield
+      sleep(sleep_interval)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def wait_until_pid_file_is_available_or_log_file_has_changed
+    until pid_file_available? || log_file_has_changed?
+      sleep 0.1
+    end
+    pid_file_is_available?
+  end
+
+  def wait_until_daemon_responds_to_ping_or_has_exited_or_log_file_has_changed
+    until run_ping_command || !daemon_is_running? || log_file_has_changed?
+      sleep(@ping_interval)
+    end
+    run_ping_command
+  end
+
+  def record_activity
+    @last_activity_time = Time.now
+  end
+
+  # Check whether there has been no recorded activity in the past +seconds+ seconds.
+  def no_activity?(seconds)
+    Time.now - @last_activity_time > seconds
+  end
+
+  def pid_file_available?
+    File.exist?(@pid_file) && File.stat(@pid_file).size != 0
+  end
+
+  # This method does nothing and only serves as a hook for the unit test.
+  def start_timed_out
+  end
+
+  # This method does nothing and only serves as a hook for the unit test.
+  def daemonization_timed_out
+  end
+
+  def save_log_file_information
+    @original_log_file_stat = begin
+      File.stat(@log_file)
+    rescue
+      nil
+    end
+    @current_log_file_stat = @original_log_file_stat
+  end
+
+  def log_file_has_changed?
+    if @current_log_file_stat
+      stat = begin
+        File.stat(@log_file)
+      rescue
+        nil
+      end
+      if stat
+        result = @current_log_file_stat.mtime != stat.mtime ||
+          @current_log_file_stat.size != stat.size
+        @current_log_file_stat = stat
+        result
+      else
+        true
+      end
+    else
+      false
+    end
+  end
+
+  def differences_in_log_file
+    if @original_log_file_stat && @original_log_file_stat.file?
+      File.open(@log_file, "r") do |f|
+        f.seek(@original_log_file_stat.size, IO::SEEK_SET)
+        f.read.strip
+      end
+    end
+  rescue Errno::ENOENT, Errno::ESPIPE
+    # ESPIPE means the log file is a pipe.
+    nil
+  end
+
+  def determine_lock_file(options, identifier, pid_file)
+    if options[:lock_file]
+      LockFile.new(File.absolute_path(options[:lock_file]))
+    else
+      LockFile.new(File.absolute_path(pid_file + ".lock"))
+    end
+  end
+
+  def run_command(command)
+    if should_capture_output_while_running_command?
+      run_command_while_capturing_output(command)
+    else
+      run_command_without_capturing_output(command)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def should_capture_output_while_running_command?
+    if is_std_channel_chardev?(@log_file)
+      false
+    else
+      begin
+        real_log_file = Pathname.new(@log_file).realpath.to_s
+      rescue SystemCallError
+        real_log_file = nil
+      end
+      if real_log_file
+        !is_std_channel_chardev?(real_log_file)
+      else
+        true
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def is_std_channel_chardev?(path)
+    path == "/dev/stdout" ||
+      path == "/dev/stderr" ||
+      path == "/dev/fd/1" ||
+      path == "/dev/fd/2" ||
+      path =~ %r{\A/proc/([0-9]+|self)/fd/[12]\Z}
+  end
+
+  def run_command_while_capturing_output(command)
+    # Create tempfile for storing the command's output.
+    tempfile = Tempfile.new("daemon-output")
+    tempfile.chmod(0o666)
+    tempfile_path = tempfile.path
+    tempfile.close
+
+    options = {
+      in: "/dev/null",
+      out: tempfile_path,
+      err: tempfile_path,
+      close_others: true
+    }
+    @keep_ios.each do |io|
+      options[io] = io
+    end
+    pid = if @daemonize_for_me
+      Process.spawn(@env, ruby_interpreter, SPAWNER_FILE,
+        command, options)
+    else
+      Process.spawn(@env, command, options)
+    end
+
+    # run_command might be running in a timeout block (like
+    # in #start_without_locking).
+    begin
+      interruptable_waitpid(pid)
+    rescue Errno::ECHILD
+      # Maybe a background thread or whatever waitpid()'ed
+      # this child process before we had the chance. There's
+      # no way to obtain the exit status now. Assume that
+      # it started successfully; if it didn't we'll know
+      # that later by checking the PID file and by pinging
+      # it.
+      return
+    rescue Timeout::Error
+      daemonization_timed_out
+
+      # If the daemon doesn't fork into the background
+      # in time, then kill it.
+      begin
+        Process.kill("SIGTERM", pid)
+      rescue SystemCallError
+      end
+      begin
+        Timeout.timeout(5, Timeout::Error) do
+          interruptable_waitpid(pid)
+        rescue SystemCallError
+        end
+      rescue Timeout::Error
+        begin
+          Process.kill("SIGKILL", pid)
+          interruptable_waitpid(pid)
+        rescue SystemCallError
+        end
+      end
+      raise DaemonizationTimeout, File.read(tempfile_path).strip
+    end
+
+    output = File.read(tempfile_path).strip
+    if $?.exitstatus != 0
+      raise StartError, concat_spawn_output_and_logs(output, differences_in_log_file, $?)
+    else
+      output
+    end
+  ensure
+    begin
+      File.unlink(tempfile_path)
+    rescue
+      nil
+    end
+  end
+
+  def run_command_without_capturing_output(command)
+    options = {
+      in: "/dev/null",
+      out: :out,
+      err: :err,
+      close_others: true
+    }
+    @keep_ios.each do |io|
+      options[io] = io
+    end
+    pid = if @daemonize_for_me
+      Process.spawn(@env, ruby_interpreter, SPAWNER_FILE,
+        command, options)
+    else
+      Process.spawn(@env, command, options)
+    end
+
+    # run_command might be running in a timeout block (like
+    # in #start_without_locking).
+    begin
+      interruptable_waitpid(pid)
+    rescue Errno::ECHILD
+      # Maybe a background thread or whatever waitpid()'ed
+      # this child process before we had the chance. There's
+      # no way to obtain the exit status now. Assume that
+      # it started successfully; if it didn't we'll know
+      # that later by checking the PID file and by pinging
+      # it.
+      return
+    rescue Timeout::Error
+      daemonization_timed_out
+
+      # If the daemon doesn't fork into the background
+      # in time, then kill it.
+      begin
+        Process.kill("SIGTERM", pid)
+      rescue SystemCallError
+      end
+      begin
+        Timeout.timeout(5, Timeout::Error) do
+          interruptable_waitpid(pid)
+        rescue SystemCallError
+        end
+      rescue Timeout::Error
+        begin
+          Process.kill("SIGKILL", pid)
+          interruptable_waitpid(pid)
+        rescue SystemCallError
+        end
+      end
+      raise DaemonizationTimeout, nil
+    end
+    if $?.exitstatus != 0
+      raise StartError, concat_spawn_output_and_logs(nil, differences_in_log_file, $?)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def run_ping_command
+    if @ping_command.respond_to?(:call)
+      begin
+        value = @ping_command.call
+        if value.respond_to?(:close)
+          begin
+            value.close
+          rescue
+            nil
+          end
+        end
+        value
+      rescue *ALLOWED_CONNECT_EXCEPTIONS
+        false
+      end
+    elsif @ping_command.is_a?(Array)
+      type, *args = @ping_command
+      if self.class.can_ping_unix_sockets?
+        case type
+        when :tcp
+          hostname, port = args
+          sockaddr = Socket.pack_sockaddr_in(port, hostname)
+          ping_tcp_socket(sockaddr)
+        when :unix
+          socket_domain = Socket::Constants::AF_LOCAL
+          sockaddr = Socket.pack_sockaddr_un(args[0])
+          ping_socket(socket_domain, sockaddr)
+        else
+          raise ArgumentError, "Unknown ping command type #{type.inspect}"
+        end
+      else
+        case type
+        when :tcp
+          hostname, port = args
+          ping_socket(hostname, port)
+        when :unix
+          raise "Pinging Unix domain sockets is not supported on this Ruby implementation"
+        else
+          raise ArgumentError, "Unknown ping command type #{type.inspect}"
+        end
+      end
+    else
+      system(@ping_command)
+    end
+  end
+
+  if !can_ping_unix_sockets?
+    require "java"
+
+    def ping_socket(host_name, port)
+      channel = java.nio.channels.SocketChannel.open
+      begin
+        address = java.net.InetSocketAddress.new(host_name, port)
+        channel.configure_blocking(false)
+        if channel.connect(address)
+          return true
+        end
+
+        deadline = Time.now.to_f + 0.1
+        while true
+          begin
+            if channel.finish_connect
+              return true
+            end
+          rescue java.net.ConnectException => e
+            if /Connection refused/i.match?(e.message)
+              return false
+            else
+              throw e
+            end
+          end
+
+          # Not done connecting and no error.
+          sleep 0.01
+          if Time.now.to_f >= deadline
+            return false
+          end
+        end
+      ensure
+        channel.close
+      end
+    end
+  else
+    def ping_socket(socket_domain, sockaddr)
+      socket = Socket.new(socket_domain, Socket::Constants::SOCK_STREAM, 0)
+      begin
+        socket.connect_nonblock(sockaddr)
+      rescue Errno::ENOENT, Errno::EINPROGRESS, Errno::EAGAIN, Errno::EWOULDBLOCK
+        if select(nil, [socket], nil, 0.1)
+          begin
+            socket.connect_nonblock(sockaddr)
+          rescue Errno::EISCONN
+          rescue Errno::EINVAL
+            if RUBY_PLATFORM.match?(/freebsd/i)
+              raise Errno::ECONNREFUSED
+            else
+              raise
+            end
+          end
+        else
+          raise Errno::ECONNREFUSED
+        end
+      end
+      true
+    rescue Errno::ECONNREFUSED, Errno::ENOENT
+      false
+    ensure
+      socket.close if socket
+    end
+
+    def ping_tcp_socket(sockaddr)
+      ping_socket(Socket::Constants::AF_INET, sockaddr)
+    rescue Errno::EAFNOSUPPORT
+      ping_socket(Socket::Constants::AF_INET6, sockaddr)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def ruby_interpreter
+    rb_config = if defined?(RbConfig)
+      RbConfig::CONFIG
+    else
+      Config::CONFIG
+    end
+    File.join(
+      rb_config["bindir"],
+      rb_config["RUBY_INSTALL_NAME"]
+    ) + rb_config["EXEEXT"]
+  end
+
+  # Thread#kill (which is called by timeout.rb) may
+  # not be able to interrupt Process.waitpid. So here we use a
+  # special version that's a bit less efficient but is at least
+  # interruptable.
+  def interruptable_waitpid(pid)
+    result = nil
+    until result
+      result = Process.waitpid(pid, Process::WNOHANG)
+      sleep 0.01 if !result
+    end
+    result
+  end
+
+  def signal_termination_message(process_status)
+    if process_status.signaled?
+      "terminated with signal #{signal_name_for(process_status.termsig)}"
+    else
+      "exited with status #{process_status.exitstatus}"
+    end
+  end
+
+  def signal_name_for(num)
+    if (name = Signal.list.find { |name, n| n == num }[0])
+      "SIG#{name}"
+    else
+      num.to_s
+    end
+  end
+
+  def concat_spawn_output_and_logs(output, logs, exit_status = nil, suffix_message = nil)
+    if output.nil? && logs.nil?
+      result_inner = [
+        "logs not available",
+        exit_status ? signal_termination_message(exit_status) : nil,
+        suffix_message
+      ].compact.join("; ")
+      "(#{result_inner})"
+    elsif (output && output.empty? && logs && logs.empty?) || (output && output.empty? && logs.nil?) || (output.nil? && logs && logs.empty?)
+      result_inner = [
+        "logs empty",
+        exit_status ? signal_termination_message(exit_status) : nil,
+        suffix_message
+      ].compact.join("; ")
+      "(#{result_inner})"
+    else
+      result = ((output || "") + "\n" + (logs || "")).strip
+      result_suffix = [
+        exit_status ? signal_termination_message(exit_status) : nil,
+        suffix_message
+      ].compact.join("; ")
+      if !result_suffix.empty?
+        result << "\n(#{result_suffix})"
+      end
+      result
+    end
+  end
 end