d3_rails 3.1.10 → 3.2.0

checksums.yaml

@@ -1,15 +1,7 @@
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+SHA1:
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+  data.tar.gz: 6ce9930ed1275fb7052bdd7afae54e6e9d6a6beb
+SHA512:
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data/LICENSE

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 D3 is a javascript framework created by Michael Bostock
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Copyright (c) 2010, Michael Bostock
+Copyright (c) 2013, Michael Bostock
 All rights reserved.
 
 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
@@ -26,4 +26,4 @@ DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
 OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
 NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE,
 EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

data/README.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # D3_Rails
-## Version 3.1.10 (of d3 in most current gem)
+## Version 3.2.0 (of d3 in most current gem)
 
 **D3_Rails** is a small, lightweight gem which allows you to include any 
 and all of D3 Javascripts into your 3.1 Rails application, merely by 

data/lib/d3_rails/version.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 module D3Rails
-  VERSION = "3.1.10"
+  VERSION = "3.2.0"
 end

data/vendor/assets/javascripts/d3.js

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 d3 = function() {
   var d3 = {
-    version: "3.1.10"
+    version: "3.2.0"
   };
   if (!Date.now) Date.now = function() {
     return +new Date();
   };
-  var d3_document = document, d3_window = window;
+  var d3_document = document, d3_documentElement = d3_document.documentElement, d3_window = window;
   try {
     d3_document.createElement("div").style.setProperty("opacity", 0, "");
   } catch (error) {
@@ -445,7 +445,14 @@ d3 = function() {
     if (svg.createSVGPoint) {
       var point = svg.createSVGPoint();
       if (d3_mouse_bug44083 < 0 && (d3_window.scrollX || d3_window.scrollY)) {
-        svg = d3.select(d3_document.body).append("svg").style("position", "absolute").style("top", 0).style("left", 0);
+        svg = d3.select("body").append("svg").style({
+          position: "absolute",
+          top: 0,
+          left: 0,
+          margin: 0,
+          padding: 0,
+          border: "none"
+        }, "important");
         var ctm = svg[0][0].getScreenCTM();
         d3_mouse_bug44083 = !(ctm.f || ctm.e);
         svg.remove();
@@ -473,7 +480,7 @@ d3 = function() {
     return Array.prototype.slice.call(pseudoarray);
   }
   try {
-    d3_array(d3_document.documentElement.childNodes)[0].nodeType;
+    d3_array(d3_documentElement.childNodes)[0].nodeType;
   } catch (e) {
     d3_array = d3_arrayCopy;
   }
@@ -490,13 +497,34 @@ d3 = function() {
       return point;
     }) : [];
   };
+  function d3_vendorSymbol(object, name) {
+    if (name in object) return name;
+    name = name.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + name.substring(1);
+    for (var i = 0, n = d3_vendorPrefixes.length; i < n; ++i) {
+      var prefixName = d3_vendorPrefixes[i] + name;
+      if (prefixName in object) return prefixName;
+    }
+  }
+  var d3_vendorPrefixes = [ "webkit", "ms", "moz", "Moz", "o", "O" ];
+  var d3_event_userSelectProperty = d3_vendorSymbol(d3_documentElement.style, "userSelect"), d3_event_userSelectSuppress = d3_event_userSelectProperty ? function() {
+    var style = d3_documentElement.style, select = style[d3_event_userSelectProperty];
+    style[d3_event_userSelectProperty] = "none";
+    return function() {
+      style[d3_event_userSelectProperty] = select;
+    };
+  } : function(type) {
+    var w = d3.select(d3_window).on("selectstart." + type, d3_eventCancel);
+    return function() {
+      w.on("selectstart." + type, null);
+    };
+  };
   d3.behavior.drag = function() {
     var event = d3_eventDispatch(drag, "drag", "dragstart", "dragend"), origin = null;
     function drag() {
       this.on("mousedown.drag", mousedown).on("touchstart.drag", mousedown);
     }
     function mousedown() {
-      var target = this, event_ = event.of(target, arguments), eventTarget = d3.event.target, touchId = d3.event.touches ? d3.event.changedTouches[0].identifier : null, offset, origin_ = point(), moved = 0;
+      var target = this, event_ = event.of(target, arguments), eventTarget = d3.event.target, touchId = d3.event.touches ? d3.event.changedTouches[0].identifier : null, offset, origin_ = point(), moved = 0, selectEnable = d3_event_userSelectSuppress(touchId != null ? "drag-" + touchId : "drag");
       var w = d3.select(d3_window).on(touchId != null ? "touchmove.drag-" + touchId : "mousemove.drag", dragmove).on(touchId != null ? "touchend.drag-" + touchId : "mouseup.drag", dragend, true);
       if (origin) {
         offset = origin.apply(target, arguments);
@@ -504,7 +532,6 @@ d3 = function() {
       } else {
         offset = [ 0, 0 ];
       }
-      if (touchId == null) d3_eventCancel();
       event_({
         type: "dragstart"
       });
@@ -537,6 +564,7 @@ d3 = function() {
           if (d3.event.target === eventTarget) d3_eventSuppress(w, "click");
         }
         w.on(touchId != null ? "touchmove.drag-" + touchId : "mousemove.drag", null).on(touchId != null ? "touchend.drag-" + touchId : "mouseup.drag", null);
+        selectEnable();
       }
     }
     drag.origin = function(x) {
@@ -554,7 +582,7 @@ d3 = function() {
     return n.querySelector(s);
   }, d3_selectAll = function(s, n) {
     return n.querySelectorAll(s);
-  }, d3_selectRoot = d3_document.documentElement, d3_selectMatcher = d3_selectRoot.matchesSelector || d3_selectRoot.webkitMatchesSelector || d3_selectRoot.mozMatchesSelector || d3_selectRoot.msMatchesSelector || d3_selectRoot.oMatchesSelector, d3_selectMatches = function(n, s) {
+  }, d3_selectMatcher = d3_documentElement[d3_vendorSymbol(d3_documentElement, "matchesSelector")], d3_selectMatches = function(n, s) {
     return d3_selectMatcher.call(n, s);
   };
   if (typeof Sizzle === "function") {
@@ -1047,6 +1075,13 @@ d3 = function() {
     }
     return null;
   };
+  d3_selectionPrototype.size = function() {
+    var n = 0;
+    this.each(function() {
+      ++n;
+    });
+    return n;
+  };
   function d3_selection_enter(selection) {
     d3_arraySubclass(selection, d3_selection_enterPrototype);
     return selection;
@@ -1058,6 +1093,8 @@ d3 = function() {
   d3_selection_enterPrototype.insert = d3_selectionPrototype.insert;
   d3_selection_enterPrototype.empty = d3_selectionPrototype.empty;
   d3_selection_enterPrototype.node = d3_selectionPrototype.node;
+  d3_selection_enterPrototype.call = d3_selectionPrototype.call;
+  d3_selection_enterPrototype.size = d3_selectionPrototype.size;
   d3_selection_enterPrototype.select = function(selector) {
     var subgroups = [], subgroup, subnode, upgroup, group, node;
     for (var j = -1, m = this.length; ++j < m; ) {
@@ -1089,15 +1126,15 @@ d3 = function() {
   };
   d3.select = function(node) {
     var group = [ typeof node === "string" ? d3_select(node, d3_document) : node ];
-    group.parentNode = d3_selectRoot;
+    group.parentNode = d3_documentElement;
     return d3_selection([ group ]);
   };
   d3.selectAll = function(nodes) {
     var group = d3_array(typeof nodes === "string" ? d3_selectAll(nodes, d3_document) : nodes);
-    group.parentNode = d3_selectRoot;
+    group.parentNode = d3_documentElement;
     return d3_selection([ group ]);
   };
-  var d3_selectionRoot = d3.select(d3_selectRoot);
+  var d3_selectionRoot = d3.select(d3_documentElement);
   d3.behavior.zoom = function() {
     var translate = [ 0, 0 ], translate0, scale = 1, scale0, scaleExtent = d3_behavior_zoomInfinity, event = d3_eventDispatch(zoom, "zoom"), x0, x1, y0, y1, touchtime;
     function zoom() {
@@ -1168,9 +1205,7 @@ d3 = function() {
       });
     }
     function mousedown() {
-      var target = this, event_ = event.of(target, arguments), eventTarget = d3.event.target, moved = 0, w = d3.select(d3_window).on("mousemove.zoom", mousemove).on("mouseup.zoom", mouseup), l = location(d3.mouse(target));
-      d3_window.focus();
-      d3_eventCancel();
+      var target = this, event_ = event.of(target, arguments), eventTarget = d3.event.target, moved = 0, w = d3.select(d3_window).on("mousemove.zoom", mousemove).on("mouseup.zoom", mouseup), l = location(d3.mouse(target)), selectEnable = d3_event_userSelectSuppress("zoom");
       function mousemove() {
         moved = 1;
         translateTo(d3.mouse(target), l);
@@ -1179,6 +1214,7 @@ d3 = function() {
       function mouseup() {
         if (moved) d3_eventCancel();
         w.on("mousemove.zoom", null).on("mouseup.zoom", null);
+        selectEnable();
         if (moved && d3.event.target === eventTarget) d3_eventSuppress(w, "click.zoom");
       }
     }
@@ -1204,7 +1240,6 @@ d3 = function() {
       touches.forEach(function(t) {
         translate0[t.identifier] = location(t);
       });
-      d3_eventCancel();
       if (touches.length === 1) {
         if (now - touchtime < 500) {
           var p = touches[0], l = location(touches[0]);
@@ -1283,12 +1318,12 @@ d3 = function() {
     }
     return d3_rgb(vv(h + 120), vv(h), vv(h - 120));
   }
-  var π = Math.PI, ε = 1e-6, d3_radians = π / 180, d3_degrees = 180 / π;
+  var π = Math.PI, ε = 1e-6, ε2 = ε * ε, d3_radians = π / 180, d3_degrees = 180 / π;
   function d3_sgn(x) {
     return x > 0 ? 1 : x < 0 ? -1 : 0;
   }
   function d3_acos(x) {
-    return Math.acos(Math.max(-1, Math.min(1, x)));
+    return x > 1 ? 0 : x < -1 ? π : Math.acos(x);
   }
   function d3_asin(x) {
     return x > 1 ? π / 2 : x < -1 ? -π / 2 : Math.asin(x);
@@ -1637,7 +1672,8 @@ d3 = function() {
     };
   }
   function d3_xhr(url, mimeType, response, callback) {
-    var xhr = {}, dispatch = d3.dispatch("progress", "load", "error"), headers = {}, request = new (d3_window.XDomainRequest && /^(http(s)?:)?\/\//.test(url) ? XDomainRequest : XMLHttpRequest)();
+    var xhr = {}, dispatch = d3.dispatch("progress", "load", "error"), headers = {}, request = new XMLHttpRequest(), responseType = null;
+    if (d3_window.XDomainRequest && !("withCredentials" in request) && /^(http(s)?:)?\/\//.test(url)) request = new XDomainRequest();
     "onload" in request ? request.onload = request.onerror = respond : request.onreadystatechange = function() {
       request.readyState > 3 && respond();
     };
@@ -1675,6 +1711,11 @@ d3 = function() {
       mimeType = value == null ? null : value + "";
       return xhr;
     };
+    xhr.responseType = function(value) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return responseType;
+      responseType = value;
+      return xhr;
+    };
     xhr.response = function(value) {
       response = value;
       return xhr;
@@ -1690,6 +1731,7 @@ d3 = function() {
       if (mimeType != null && !("accept" in headers)) headers["accept"] = mimeType + ",*/*";
       if (request.setRequestHeader) for (var name in headers) request.setRequestHeader(name, headers[name]);
       if (mimeType != null && request.overrideMimeType) request.overrideMimeType(mimeType);
+      if (responseType != null) request.responseType = responseType;
       if (callback != null) xhr.on("error", callback).on("load", function(request) {
         callback(null, request);
       });
@@ -1708,7 +1750,7 @@ d3 = function() {
       callback(error == null ? request : null);
     } : callback;
   }
-  function d3_dsv(delimiter, mimeType) {
+  d3.dsv = function(delimiter, mimeType) {
     var reFormat = new RegExp('["' + delimiter + "\n]"), delimiterCode = delimiter.charCodeAt(0);
     function dsv(url, row, callback) {
       if (arguments.length < 3) callback = row, row = null;
@@ -1809,9 +1851,9 @@ d3 = function() {
       return reFormat.test(text) ? '"' + text.replace(/\"/g, '""') + '"' : text;
     }
     return dsv;
-  }
-  d3.csv = d3_dsv(",", "text/csv");
-  d3.tsv = d3_dsv("	", "text/tab-separated-values");
+  };
+  d3.csv = d3.dsv(",", "text/csv");
+  d3.tsv = d3.dsv("	", "text/tab-separated-values");
   var d3_timer_queueHead, d3_timer_queueTail, d3_timer_interval, d3_timer_timeout;
   d3.timer = function(callback, delay, then) {
     if (arguments.length < 3) {
@@ -1870,7 +1912,7 @@ d3 = function() {
     d3_timer_queueTail = t0;
     return time;
   }
-  var d3_timer_frame = d3_window.requestAnimationFrame || d3_window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame || d3_window.mozRequestAnimationFrame || d3_window.oRequestAnimationFrame || d3_window.msRequestAnimationFrame || function(callback) {
+  var d3_timer_frame = d3_window[d3_vendorSymbol(d3_window, "requestAnimationFrame")] || function(callback) {
     setTimeout(callback, 17);
   };
   var d3_format_decimalPoint = ".", d3_format_thousandsSeparator = ",", d3_format_grouping = [ 3, 3 ];
@@ -2018,6 +2060,27 @@ d3 = function() {
     };
   }
   d3.geo = {};
+  function d3_adder() {}
+  d3_adder.prototype = {
+    s: 0,
+    t: 0,
+    add: function(y) {
+      d3_adderSum(y, this.t, d3_adderTemp);
+      d3_adderSum(d3_adderTemp.s, this.s, this);
+      if (this.s) this.t += d3_adderTemp.t; else this.s = d3_adderTemp.t;
+    },
+    reset: function() {
+      this.s = this.t = 0;
+    },
+    valueOf: function() {
+      return this.s;
+    }
+  };
+  var d3_adderTemp = new d3_adder();
+  function d3_adderSum(a, b, o) {
+    var x = o.s = a + b, bv = x - a, av = x - bv;
+    o.t = a - av + (b - bv);
+  }
   d3.geo.stream = function(object, listener) {
     if (object && d3_geo_streamObjectType.hasOwnProperty(object.type)) {
       d3_geo_streamObjectType[object.type](object, listener);
@@ -2087,7 +2150,7 @@ d3 = function() {
     d3.geo.stream(object, d3_geo_area);
     return d3_geo_areaSum;
   };
-  var d3_geo_areaSum, d3_geo_areaRingSum;
+  var d3_geo_areaSum, d3_geo_areaRingSum = new d3_adder();
   var d3_geo_area = {
     sphere: function() {
       d3_geo_areaSum += 4 * π;
@@ -2096,7 +2159,7 @@ d3 = function() {
     lineStart: d3_noop,
     lineEnd: d3_noop,
     polygonStart: function() {
-      d3_geo_areaRingSum = 0;
+      d3_geo_areaRingSum.reset();
       d3_geo_area.lineStart = d3_geo_areaRingStart;
     },
     polygonEnd: function() {
@@ -2116,7 +2179,7 @@ d3 = function() {
       λ *= d3_radians;
       φ = φ * d3_radians / 2 + π / 4;
       var dλ = λ - λ0, cosφ = Math.cos(φ), sinφ = Math.sin(φ), k = sinφ0 * sinφ, u = cosφ0 * cosφ + k * Math.cos(dλ), v = k * Math.sin(dλ);
-      d3_geo_areaRingSum += Math.atan2(v, u);
+      d3_geo_areaRingSum.add(Math.atan2(v, u));
       λ0 = λ, cosφ0 = cosφ, sinφ0 = sinφ;
     }
     d3_geo_area.lineEnd = function() {
@@ -2148,7 +2211,7 @@ d3 = function() {
     d[2] /= l;
   }
   function d3_geo_spherical(cartesian) {
-    return [ Math.atan2(cartesian[1], cartesian[0]), Math.asin(Math.max(-1, Math.min(1, cartesian[2]))) ];
+    return [ Math.atan2(cartesian[1], cartesian[0]), d3_asin(cartesian[2]) ];
   }
   function d3_geo_sphericalEqual(a, b) {
     return Math.abs(a[0] - b[0]) < ε && Math.abs(a[1] - b[1]) < ε;
@@ -2259,49 +2322,47 @@ d3 = function() {
       φ1 = λ1 = -(λ0 = φ0 = Infinity);
       ranges = [];
       d3.geo.stream(feature, bound);
-      ranges.sort(compareRanges);
-      for (var i = 1, n = ranges.length, a = ranges[0], b, merged = [ a ]; i < n; ++i) {
-        b = ranges[i];
-        if (withinRange(b[0], a) || withinRange(b[1], a)) {
-          if (angle(a[0], b[1]) > angle(a[0], a[1])) a[1] = b[1];
-          if (angle(b[0], a[1]) > angle(a[0], a[1])) a[0] = b[0];
-        } else {
-          merged.push(a = b);
+      var n = ranges.length;
+      if (n) {
+        ranges.sort(compareRanges);
+        for (var i = 1, a = ranges[0], b, merged = [ a ]; i < n; ++i) {
+          b = ranges[i];
+          if (withinRange(b[0], a) || withinRange(b[1], a)) {
+            if (angle(a[0], b[1]) > angle(a[0], a[1])) a[1] = b[1];
+            if (angle(b[0], a[1]) > angle(a[0], a[1])) a[0] = b[0];
+          } else {
+            merged.push(a = b);
+          }
+        }
+        var best = -Infinity, dλ;
+        for (var n = merged.length - 1, i = 0, a = merged[n], b; i <= n; a = b, ++i) {
+          b = merged[i];
+          if ((dλ = angle(a[1], b[0])) > best) best = dλ, λ0 = b[0], λ1 = a[1];
         }
-      }
-      var best = -Infinity, dλ;
-      for (var n = merged.length - 1, i = 0, a = merged[n], b; i <= n; a = b, ++i) {
-        b = merged[i];
-        if ((dλ = angle(a[1], b[0])) > best) best = dλ, λ0 = b[0], λ1 = a[1];
       }
       ranges = range = null;
-      return [ [ λ0, φ0 ], [ λ1, φ1 ] ];
+      return λ0 === Infinity || φ0 === Infinity ? [ [ NaN, NaN ], [ NaN, NaN ] ] : [ [ λ0, φ0 ], [ λ1, φ1 ] ];
     };
   }();
   d3.geo.centroid = function(object) {
-    d3_geo_centroidDimension = d3_geo_centroidW = d3_geo_centroidX = d3_geo_centroidY = d3_geo_centroidZ = 0;
+    d3_geo_centroidW0 = d3_geo_centroidW1 = d3_geo_centroidX0 = d3_geo_centroidY0 = d3_geo_centroidZ0 = d3_geo_centroidX1 = d3_geo_centroidY1 = d3_geo_centroidZ1 = d3_geo_centroidX2 = d3_geo_centroidY2 = d3_geo_centroidZ2 = 0;
     d3.geo.stream(object, d3_geo_centroid);
-    var m;
-    if (d3_geo_centroidW && Math.abs(m = Math.sqrt(d3_geo_centroidX * d3_geo_centroidX + d3_geo_centroidY * d3_geo_centroidY + d3_geo_centroidZ * d3_geo_centroidZ)) > ε) {
-      return [ Math.atan2(d3_geo_centroidY, d3_geo_centroidX) * d3_degrees, Math.asin(Math.max(-1, Math.min(1, d3_geo_centroidZ / m))) * d3_degrees ];
+    var x = d3_geo_centroidX2, y = d3_geo_centroidY2, z = d3_geo_centroidZ2, m = x * x + y * y + z * z;
+    if (m < ε2) {
+      x = d3_geo_centroidX1, y = d3_geo_centroidY1, z = d3_geo_centroidZ1;
+      if (d3_geo_centroidW1 < ε) x = d3_geo_centroidX0, y = d3_geo_centroidY0, z = d3_geo_centroidZ0;
+      m = x * x + y * y + z * z;
+      if (m < ε2) return [ NaN, NaN ];
     }
+    return [ Math.atan2(y, x) * d3_degrees, d3_asin(z / Math.sqrt(m)) * d3_degrees ];
   };
-  var d3_geo_centroidDimension, d3_geo_centroidW, d3_geo_centroidX, d3_geo_centroidY, d3_geo_centroidZ;
+  var d3_geo_centroidW0, d3_geo_centroidW1, d3_geo_centroidX0, d3_geo_centroidY0, d3_geo_centroidZ0, d3_geo_centroidX1, d3_geo_centroidY1, d3_geo_centroidZ1, d3_geo_centroidX2, d3_geo_centroidY2, d3_geo_centroidZ2;
   var d3_geo_centroid = {
-    sphere: function() {
-      if (d3_geo_centroidDimension < 2) {
-        d3_geo_centroidDimension = 2;
-        d3_geo_centroidW = d3_geo_centroidX = d3_geo_centroidY = d3_geo_centroidZ = 0;
-      }
-    },
+    sphere: d3_noop,
     point: d3_geo_centroidPoint,
     lineStart: d3_geo_centroidLineStart,
     lineEnd: d3_geo_centroidLineEnd,
     polygonStart: function() {
-      if (d3_geo_centroidDimension < 2) {
-        d3_geo_centroidDimension = 2;
-        d3_geo_centroidW = d3_geo_centroidX = d3_geo_centroidY = d3_geo_centroidZ = 0;
-      }
       d3_geo_centroid.lineStart = d3_geo_centroidRingStart;
     },
     polygonEnd: function() {
@@ -2309,36 +2370,18 @@ d3 = function() {
     }
   };
   function d3_geo_centroidPoint(λ, φ) {
-    if (d3_geo_centroidDimension) return;
-    ++d3_geo_centroidW;
     λ *= d3_radians;
     var cosφ = Math.cos(φ *= d3_radians);
-    d3_geo_centroidX += (cosφ * Math.cos(λ) - d3_geo_centroidX) / d3_geo_centroidW;
-    d3_geo_centroidY += (cosφ * Math.sin(λ) - d3_geo_centroidY) / d3_geo_centroidW;
-    d3_geo_centroidZ += (Math.sin(φ) - d3_geo_centroidZ) / d3_geo_centroidW;
+    d3_geo_centroidPointXYZ(cosφ * Math.cos(λ), cosφ * Math.sin(λ), Math.sin(φ));
   }
-  function d3_geo_centroidRingStart() {
-    var λ00, φ00;
-    d3_geo_centroidDimension = 1;
-    d3_geo_centroidLineStart();
-    d3_geo_centroidDimension = 2;
-    var linePoint = d3_geo_centroid.point;
-    d3_geo_centroid.point = function(λ, φ) {
-      linePoint(λ00 = λ, φ00 = φ);
-    };
-    d3_geo_centroid.lineEnd = function() {
-      d3_geo_centroid.point(λ00, φ00);
-      d3_geo_centroidLineEnd();
-      d3_geo_centroid.lineEnd = d3_geo_centroidLineEnd;
-    };
+  function d3_geo_centroidPointXYZ(x, y, z) {
+    ++d3_geo_centroidW0;
+    d3_geo_centroidX0 += (x - d3_geo_centroidX0) / d3_geo_centroidW0;
+    d3_geo_centroidY0 += (y - d3_geo_centroidY0) / d3_geo_centroidW0;
+    d3_geo_centroidZ0 += (z - d3_geo_centroidZ0) / d3_geo_centroidW0;
   }
   function d3_geo_centroidLineStart() {
     var x0, y0, z0;
-    if (d3_geo_centroidDimension > 1) return;
-    if (d3_geo_centroidDimension < 1) {
-      d3_geo_centroidDimension = 1;
-      d3_geo_centroidW = d3_geo_centroidX = d3_geo_centroidY = d3_geo_centroidZ = 0;
-    }
     d3_geo_centroid.point = function(λ, φ) {
       λ *= d3_radians;
       var cosφ = Math.cos(φ *= d3_radians);
@@ -2346,19 +2389,51 @@ d3 = function() {
       y0 = cosφ * Math.sin(λ);
       z0 = Math.sin(φ);
       d3_geo_centroid.point = nextPoint;
+      d3_geo_centroidPointXYZ(x0, y0, z0);
     };
     function nextPoint(λ, φ) {
       λ *= d3_radians;
       var cosφ = Math.cos(φ *= d3_radians), x = cosφ * Math.cos(λ), y = cosφ * Math.sin(λ), z = Math.sin(φ), w = Math.atan2(Math.sqrt((w = y0 * z - z0 * y) * w + (w = z0 * x - x0 * z) * w + (w = x0 * y - y0 * x) * w), x0 * x + y0 * y + z0 * z);
-      d3_geo_centroidW += w;
-      d3_geo_centroidX += w * (x0 + (x0 = x));
-      d3_geo_centroidY += w * (y0 + (y0 = y));
-      d3_geo_centroidZ += w * (z0 + (z0 = z));
+      d3_geo_centroidW1 += w;
+      d3_geo_centroidX1 += w * (x0 + (x0 = x));
+      d3_geo_centroidY1 += w * (y0 + (y0 = y));
+      d3_geo_centroidZ1 += w * (z0 + (z0 = z));
+      d3_geo_centroidPointXYZ(x0, y0, z0);
     }
   }
   function d3_geo_centroidLineEnd() {
     d3_geo_centroid.point = d3_geo_centroidPoint;
   }
+  function d3_geo_centroidRingStart() {
+    var λ00, φ00, x0, y0, z0;
+    d3_geo_centroid.point = function(λ, φ) {
+      λ00 = λ, φ00 = φ;
+      d3_geo_centroid.point = nextPoint;
+      λ *= d3_radians;
+      var cosφ = Math.cos(φ *= d3_radians);
+      x0 = cosφ * Math.cos(λ);
+      y0 = cosφ * Math.sin(λ);
+      z0 = Math.sin(φ);
+      d3_geo_centroidPointXYZ(x0, y0, z0);
+    };
+    d3_geo_centroid.lineEnd = function() {
+      nextPoint(λ00, φ00);
+      d3_geo_centroid.lineEnd = d3_geo_centroidLineEnd;
+      d3_geo_centroid.point = d3_geo_centroidPoint;
+    };
+    function nextPoint(λ, φ) {
+      λ *= d3_radians;
+      var cosφ = Math.cos(φ *= d3_radians), x = cosφ * Math.cos(λ), y = cosφ * Math.sin(λ), z = Math.sin(φ), cx = y0 * z - z0 * y, cy = z0 * x - x0 * z, cz = x0 * y - y0 * x, m = Math.sqrt(cx * cx + cy * cy + cz * cz), u = x0 * x + y0 * y + z0 * z, v = m && -d3_acos(u) / m, w = Math.atan2(m, u);
+      d3_geo_centroidX2 += v * cx;
+      d3_geo_centroidY2 += v * cy;
+      d3_geo_centroidZ2 += v * cz;
+      d3_geo_centroidW1 += w;
+      d3_geo_centroidX1 += w * (x0 + (x0 = x));
+      d3_geo_centroidY1 += w * (y0 + (y0 = y));
+      d3_geo_centroidZ1 += w * (z0 + (z0 = z));
+      d3_geo_centroidPointXYZ(x0, y0, z0);
+    }
+  }
   function d3_true() {
     return true;
   }
@@ -2459,7 +2534,7 @@ d3 = function() {
     a.next = b = array[0];
     b.prev = a;
   }
-  function d3_geo_clip(pointVisible, clipLine, interpolate) {
+  function d3_geo_clip(pointVisible, clipLine, interpolate, polygonContains) {
     return function(listener) {
       var line = clipLine(listener);
       var clip = {
@@ -2470,9 +2545,8 @@ d3 = function() {
           clip.point = pointRing;
           clip.lineStart = ringStart;
           clip.lineEnd = ringEnd;
-          invisible = false;
-          invisibleArea = visibleArea = 0;
           segments = [];
+          polygon = [];
           listener.polygonStart();
         },
         polygonEnd: function() {
@@ -2482,13 +2556,13 @@ d3 = function() {
           segments = d3.merge(segments);
           if (segments.length) {
             d3_geo_clipPolygon(segments, d3_geo_clipSort, null, interpolate, listener);
-          } else if (visibleArea < -ε || invisible && invisibleArea < -ε) {
+          } else if (polygonContains(polygon)) {
             listener.lineStart();
             interpolate(null, null, 1, listener);
             listener.lineEnd();
           }
           listener.polygonEnd();
-          segments = null;
+          segments = polygon = null;
         },
         sphere: function() {
           listener.polygonStart();
@@ -2512,8 +2586,8 @@ d3 = function() {
         clip.point = point;
         line.lineEnd();
       }
-      var segments, visibleArea, invisibleArea, invisible;
-      var buffer = d3_geo_clipBufferListener(), ringListener = clipLine(buffer), ring;
+      var segments;
+      var buffer = d3_geo_clipBufferListener(), ringListener = clipLine(buffer), polygon, ring;
       function pointRing(λ, φ) {
         ringListener.point(λ, φ);
         ring.push([ λ, φ ]);
@@ -2526,16 +2600,12 @@ d3 = function() {
         pointRing(ring[0][0], ring[0][1]);
         ringListener.lineEnd();
         var clean = ringListener.clean(), ringSegments = buffer.buffer(), segment, n = ringSegments.length;
-        if (!n) {
-          invisible = true;
-          invisibleArea += d3_geo_clipAreaRing(ring, -1);
-          ring = null;
-          return;
-        }
+        ring.pop();
+        polygon.push(ring);
         ring = null;
+        if (!n) return;
         if (clean & 1) {
           segment = ringSegments[0];
-          visibleArea += d3_geo_clipAreaRing(segment, 1);
           var n = segment.length - 1, i = -1, point;
           listener.lineStart();
           while (++i < n) listener.point((point = segment[i])[0], point[1]);
@@ -2572,26 +2642,41 @@ d3 = function() {
       }
     };
   }
-  function d3_geo_clipAreaRing(ring, invisible) {
-    if (!(n = ring.length)) return 0;
-    var n, i = 0, area = 0, p = ring[0], λ = p[0], φ = p[1], cosφ = Math.cos(φ), x0 = Math.atan2(invisible * Math.sin(λ) * cosφ, Math.sin(φ)), y0 = 1 - invisible * Math.cos(λ) * cosφ, x1 = x0, x, y;
-    while (++i < n) {
-      p = ring[i];
-      cosφ = Math.cos(φ = p[1]);
-      x = Math.atan2(invisible * Math.sin(λ = p[0]) * cosφ, Math.sin(φ));
-      y = 1 - invisible * Math.cos(λ) * cosφ;
-      if (Math.abs(y0 - 2) < ε && Math.abs(y - 2) < ε) continue;
-      if (Math.abs(y) < ε || Math.abs(y0) < ε) {} else if (Math.abs(Math.abs(x - x0) - π) < ε) {
-        if (y + y0 > 2) area += 4 * (x - x0);
-      } else if (Math.abs(y0 - 2) < ε) area += 4 * (x - x1); else area += ((3 * π + x - x0) % (2 * π) - π) * (y0 + y);
-      x1 = x0, x0 = x, y0 = y;
-    }
-    return area;
-  }
   function d3_geo_clipSort(a, b) {
     return ((a = a.point)[0] < 0 ? a[1] - π / 2 - ε : π / 2 - a[1]) - ((b = b.point)[0] < 0 ? b[1] - π / 2 - ε : π / 2 - b[1]);
   }
-  var d3_geo_clipAntimeridian = d3_geo_clip(d3_true, d3_geo_clipAntimeridianLine, d3_geo_clipAntimeridianInterpolate);
+  function d3_geo_pointInPolygon(point, polygon) {
+    var meridian = point[0], parallel = point[1], meridianNormal = [ Math.sin(meridian), -Math.cos(meridian), 0 ], polarAngle = 0, polar = false, southPole = false, winding = 0;
+    d3_geo_areaRingSum.reset();
+    for (var i = 0, n = polygon.length; i < n; ++i) {
+      var ring = polygon[i], m = ring.length;
+      if (!m) continue;
+      var point0 = ring[0], λ0 = point0[0], φ0 = point0[1] / 2 + π / 4, sinφ0 = Math.sin(φ0), cosφ0 = Math.cos(φ0), j = 1;
+      while (true) {
+        if (j === m) j = 0;
+        point = ring[j];
+        var λ = point[0], φ = point[1] / 2 + π / 4, sinφ = Math.sin(φ), cosφ = Math.cos(φ), dλ = λ - λ0, antimeridian = Math.abs(dλ) > π, k = sinφ0 * sinφ;
+        d3_geo_areaRingSum.add(Math.atan2(k * Math.sin(dλ), cosφ0 * cosφ + k * Math.cos(dλ)));
+        if (Math.abs(φ) < ε) southPole = true;
+        polarAngle += antimeridian ? dλ + (dλ >= 0 ? 2 : -2) * π : dλ;
+        if (antimeridian ^ λ0 >= meridian ^ λ >= meridian) {
+          var arc = d3_geo_cartesianCross(d3_geo_cartesian(point0), d3_geo_cartesian(point));
+          d3_geo_cartesianNormalize(arc);
+          var intersection = d3_geo_cartesianCross(meridianNormal, arc);
+          d3_geo_cartesianNormalize(intersection);
+          var φarc = (antimeridian ^ dλ >= 0 ? -1 : 1) * d3_asin(intersection[2]);
+          if (parallel > φarc) {
+            winding += antimeridian ^ dλ >= 0 ? 1 : -1;
+          }
+        }
+        if (!j++) break;
+        λ0 = λ, sinφ0 = sinφ, cosφ0 = cosφ, point0 = point;
+      }
+      if (Math.abs(polarAngle) > ε) polar = true;
+    }
+    return (!southPole && !polar && d3_geo_areaRingSum < 0 || polarAngle < -ε) ^ winding & 1;
+  }
+  var d3_geo_clipAntimeridian = d3_geo_clip(d3_true, d3_geo_clipAntimeridianLine, d3_geo_clipAntimeridianInterpolate, d3_geo_clipAntimeridianPolygonContains);
   function d3_geo_clipAntimeridianLine(listener) {
     var λ0 = NaN, φ0 = NaN, sλ0 = NaN, clean;
     return {
@@ -2658,9 +2743,13 @@ d3 = function() {
       listener.point(to[0], to[1]);
     }
   }
+  var d3_geo_clipAntimeridianPoint = [ -π, 0 ];
+  function d3_geo_clipAntimeridianPolygonContains(polygon) {
+    return d3_geo_pointInPolygon(d3_geo_clipAntimeridianPoint, polygon);
+  }
   function d3_geo_clipCircle(radius) {
-    var cr = Math.cos(radius), smallRadius = cr > 0, notHemisphere = Math.abs(cr) > ε, interpolate = d3_geo_circleInterpolate(radius, 6 * d3_radians);
-    return d3_geo_clip(visible, clipLine, interpolate);
+    var cr = Math.cos(radius), smallRadius = cr > 0, point = [ radius, 0 ], notHemisphere = Math.abs(cr) > ε, interpolate = d3_geo_circleInterpolate(radius, 6 * d3_radians);
+    return d3_geo_clip(visible, clipLine, interpolate, polygonContains);
     function visible(λ, φ) {
       return Math.cos(λ) * Math.cos(φ) > cr;
     }
@@ -2753,6 +2842,9 @@ d3 = function() {
       if (φ < -r) code |= 4; else if (φ > r) code |= 8;
       return code;
     }
+    function polygonContains(polygon) {
+      return d3_geo_pointInPolygon(point, polygon);
+    }
   }
   var d3_geo_clipViewMAX = 1e9;
   function d3_geo_clipView(x0, y0, x1, y1) {
@@ -2916,798 +3008,820 @@ d3 = function() {
     };
     return compose;
   }
-  function d3_geo_resample(project) {
-    var δ2 = .5, maxDepth = 16;
-    function resample(stream) {
-      var λ0, x0, y0, a0, b0, c0;
-      var resample = {
-        point: point,
-        lineStart: lineStart,
-        lineEnd: lineEnd,
+  function d3_geo_conic(projectAt) {
+    var φ0 = 0, φ1 = π / 3, m = d3_geo_projectionMutator(projectAt), p = m(φ0, φ1);
+    p.parallels = function(_) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return [ φ0 / π * 180, φ1 / π * 180 ];
+      return m(φ0 = _[0] * π / 180, φ1 = _[1] * π / 180);
+    };
+    return p;
+  }
+  function d3_geo_conicEqualArea(φ0, φ1) {
+    var sinφ0 = Math.sin(φ0), n = (sinφ0 + Math.sin(φ1)) / 2, C = 1 + sinφ0 * (2 * n - sinφ0), ρ0 = Math.sqrt(C) / n;
+    function forward(λ, φ) {
+      var ρ = Math.sqrt(C - 2 * n * Math.sin(φ)) / n;
+      return [ ρ * Math.sin(λ *= n), ρ0 - ρ * Math.cos(λ) ];
+    }
+    forward.invert = function(x, y) {
+      var ρ0_y = ρ0 - y;
+      return [ Math.atan2(x, ρ0_y) / n, d3_asin((C - (x * x + ρ0_y * ρ0_y) * n * n) / (2 * n)) ];
+    };
+    return forward;
+  }
+  (d3.geo.conicEqualArea = function() {
+    return d3_geo_conic(d3_geo_conicEqualArea);
+  }).raw = d3_geo_conicEqualArea;
+  d3.geo.albers = function() {
+    return d3.geo.conicEqualArea().rotate([ 96, 0 ]).center([ -.6, 38.7 ]).parallels([ 29.5, 45.5 ]).scale(1070);
+  };
+  d3.geo.albersUsa = function() {
+    var lower48 = d3.geo.albers();
+    var alaska = d3.geo.conicEqualArea().rotate([ 154, 0 ]).center([ -2, 58.5 ]).parallels([ 55, 65 ]);
+    var hawaii = d3.geo.conicEqualArea().rotate([ 157, 0 ]).center([ -3, 19.9 ]).parallels([ 8, 18 ]);
+    var point, pointStream = {
+      point: function(x, y) {
+        point = [ x, y ];
+      }
+    }, lower48Point, alaskaPoint, hawaiiPoint;
+    function albersUsa(coordinates) {
+      var x = coordinates[0], y = coordinates[1];
+      point = null;
+      (lower48Point(x, y), point) || (alaskaPoint(x, y), point) || hawaiiPoint(x, y);
+      return point;
+    }
+    albersUsa.invert = function(coordinates) {
+      var k = lower48.scale(), t = lower48.translate(), x = (coordinates[0] - t[0]) / k, y = (coordinates[1] - t[1]) / k;
+      return (y >= .12 && y < .234 && x >= -.425 && x < -.214 ? alaska : y >= .166 && y < .234 && x >= -.214 && x < -.115 ? hawaii : lower48).invert(coordinates);
+    };
+    albersUsa.stream = function(stream) {
+      var lower48Stream = lower48.stream(stream), alaskaStream = alaska.stream(stream), hawaiiStream = hawaii.stream(stream);
+      return {
+        point: function(x, y) {
+          lower48Stream.point(x, y);
+          alaskaStream.point(x, y);
+          hawaiiStream.point(x, y);
+        },
+        sphere: function() {
+          lower48Stream.sphere();
+          alaskaStream.sphere();
+          hawaiiStream.sphere();
+        },
+        lineStart: function() {
+          lower48Stream.lineStart();
+          alaskaStream.lineStart();
+          hawaiiStream.lineStart();
+        },
+        lineEnd: function() {
+          lower48Stream.lineEnd();
+          alaskaStream.lineEnd();
+          hawaiiStream.lineEnd();
+        },
         polygonStart: function() {
-          stream.polygonStart();
-          resample.lineStart = polygonLineStart;
+          lower48Stream.polygonStart();
+          alaskaStream.polygonStart();
+          hawaiiStream.polygonStart();
         },
         polygonEnd: function() {
-          stream.polygonEnd();
-          resample.lineStart = lineStart;
+          lower48Stream.polygonEnd();
+          alaskaStream.polygonEnd();
+          hawaiiStream.polygonEnd();
         }
       };
-      function point(x, y) {
-        x = project(x, y);
-        stream.point(x[0], x[1]);
-      }
-      function lineStart() {
-        x0 = NaN;
-        resample.point = linePoint;
-        stream.lineStart();
-      }
-      function linePoint(λ, φ) {
-        var c = d3_geo_cartesian([ λ, φ ]), p = project(λ, φ);
-        resampleLineTo(x0, y0, λ0, a0, b0, c0, x0 = p[0], y0 = p[1], λ0 = λ, a0 = c[0], b0 = c[1], c0 = c[2], maxDepth, stream);
-        stream.point(x0, y0);
-      }
-      function lineEnd() {
-        resample.point = point;
-        stream.lineEnd();
-      }
-      function polygonLineStart() {
-        var λ00, φ00, x00, y00, a00, b00, c00;
-        lineStart();
-        resample.point = function(λ, φ) {
-          linePoint(λ00 = λ, φ00 = φ), x00 = x0, y00 = y0, a00 = a0, b00 = b0, c00 = c0;
-          resample.point = linePoint;
-        };
-        resample.lineEnd = function() {
-          resampleLineTo(x0, y0, λ0, a0, b0, c0, x00, y00, λ00, a00, b00, c00, maxDepth, stream);
-          resample.lineEnd = lineEnd;
-          lineEnd();
-        };
-      }
-      return resample;
+    };
+    albersUsa.precision = function(_) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return lower48.precision();
+      lower48.precision(_);
+      alaska.precision(_);
+      hawaii.precision(_);
+      return albersUsa;
+    };
+    albersUsa.scale = function(_) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return lower48.scale();
+      lower48.scale(_);
+      alaska.scale(_ * .35);
+      hawaii.scale(_);
+      return albersUsa.translate(lower48.translate());
+    };
+    albersUsa.translate = function(_) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return lower48.translate();
+      var k = lower48.scale(), x = +_[0], y = +_[1];
+      lower48Point = lower48.translate(_).clipExtent([ [ x - .455 * k, y - .238 * k ], [ x + .455 * k, y + .238 * k ] ]).stream(pointStream).point;
+      alaskaPoint = alaska.translate([ x - .307 * k, y + .201 * k ]).clipExtent([ [ x - .425 * k + ε, y + .12 * k + ε ], [ x - .214 * k - ε, y + .234 * k - ε ] ]).stream(pointStream).point;
+      hawaiiPoint = hawaii.translate([ x - .205 * k, y + .212 * k ]).clipExtent([ [ x - .214 * k + ε, y + .166 * k + ε ], [ x - .115 * k - ε, y + .234 * k - ε ] ]).stream(pointStream).point;
+      return albersUsa;
+    };
+    return albersUsa.scale(1070);
+  };
+  var d3_geo_pathAreaSum, d3_geo_pathAreaPolygon, d3_geo_pathArea = {
+    point: d3_noop,
+    lineStart: d3_noop,
+    lineEnd: d3_noop,
+    polygonStart: function() {
+      d3_geo_pathAreaPolygon = 0;
+      d3_geo_pathArea.lineStart = d3_geo_pathAreaRingStart;
+    },
+    polygonEnd: function() {
+      d3_geo_pathArea.lineStart = d3_geo_pathArea.lineEnd = d3_geo_pathArea.point = d3_noop;
+      d3_geo_pathAreaSum += Math.abs(d3_geo_pathAreaPolygon / 2);
     }
-    function resampleLineTo(x0, y0, λ0, a0, b0, c0, x1, y1, λ1, a1, b1, c1, depth, stream) {
-      var dx = x1 - x0, dy = y1 - y0, d2 = dx * dx + dy * dy;
-      if (d2 > 4 * δ2 && depth--) {
-        var a = a0 + a1, b = b0 + b1, c = c0 + c1, m = Math.sqrt(a * a + b * b + c * c), φ2 = Math.asin(c /= m), λ2 = Math.abs(Math.abs(c) - 1) < ε ? (λ0 + λ1) / 2 : Math.atan2(b, a), p = project(λ2, φ2), x2 = p[0], y2 = p[1], dx2 = x2 - x0, dy2 = y2 - y0, dz = dy * dx2 - dx * dy2;
-        if (dz * dz / d2 > δ2 || Math.abs((dx * dx2 + dy * dy2) / d2 - .5) > .3) {
-          resampleLineTo(x0, y0, λ0, a0, b0, c0, x2, y2, λ2, a /= m, b /= m, c, depth, stream);
-          stream.point(x2, y2);
-          resampleLineTo(x2, y2, λ2, a, b, c, x1, y1, λ1, a1, b1, c1, depth, stream);
-        }
-      }
+  };
+  function d3_geo_pathAreaRingStart() {
+    var x00, y00, x0, y0;
+    d3_geo_pathArea.point = function(x, y) {
+      d3_geo_pathArea.point = nextPoint;
+      x00 = x0 = x, y00 = y0 = y;
+    };
+    function nextPoint(x, y) {
+      d3_geo_pathAreaPolygon += y0 * x - x0 * y;
+      x0 = x, y0 = y;
     }
-    resample.precision = function(_) {
-      if (!arguments.length) return Math.sqrt(δ2);
-      maxDepth = (δ2 = _ * _) > 0 && 16;
-      return resample;
+    d3_geo_pathArea.lineEnd = function() {
+      nextPoint(x00, y00);
     };
-    return resample;
   }
-  d3.geo.projection = d3_geo_projection;
-  d3.geo.projectionMutator = d3_geo_projectionMutator;
-  function d3_geo_projection(project) {
-    return d3_geo_projectionMutator(function() {
-      return project;
-    })();
+  var d3_geo_pathBoundsX0, d3_geo_pathBoundsY0, d3_geo_pathBoundsX1, d3_geo_pathBoundsY1;
+  var d3_geo_pathBounds = {
+    point: d3_geo_pathBoundsPoint,
+    lineStart: d3_noop,
+    lineEnd: d3_noop,
+    polygonStart: d3_noop,
+    polygonEnd: d3_noop
+  };
+  function d3_geo_pathBoundsPoint(x, y) {
+    if (x < d3_geo_pathBoundsX0) d3_geo_pathBoundsX0 = x;
+    if (x > d3_geo_pathBoundsX1) d3_geo_pathBoundsX1 = x;
+    if (y < d3_geo_pathBoundsY0) d3_geo_pathBoundsY0 = y;
+    if (y > d3_geo_pathBoundsY1) d3_geo_pathBoundsY1 = y;
   }
-  function d3_geo_projectionMutator(projectAt) {
-    var project, rotate, projectRotate, projectResample = d3_geo_resample(function(x, y) {
-      x = project(x, y);
-      return [ x[0] * k + δx, δy - x[1] * k ];
-    }), k = 150, x = 480, y = 250, λ = 0, φ = 0, δλ = 0, δφ = 0, δγ = 0, δx, δy, preclip = d3_geo_clipAntimeridian, postclip = d3_identity, clipAngle = null, clipExtent = null;
-    function projection(point) {
-      point = projectRotate(point[0] * d3_radians, point[1] * d3_radians);
-      return [ point[0] * k + δx, δy - point[1] * k ];
-    }
-    function invert(point) {
-      point = projectRotate.invert((point[0] - δx) / k, (δy - point[1]) / k);
-      return point && [ point[0] * d3_degrees, point[1] * d3_degrees ];
-    }
-    projection.stream = function(stream) {
-      return d3_geo_projectionRadiansRotate(rotate, preclip(projectResample(postclip(stream))));
-    };
-    projection.clipAngle = function(_) {
-      if (!arguments.length) return clipAngle;
-      preclip = _ == null ? (clipAngle = _, d3_geo_clipAntimeridian) : d3_geo_clipCircle((clipAngle = +_) * d3_radians);
-      return projection;
-    };
-    projection.clipExtent = function(_) {
-      if (!arguments.length) return clipExtent;
-      clipExtent = _;
-      postclip = _ == null ? d3_identity : d3_geo_clipView(_[0][0], _[0][1], _[1][0], _[1][1]);
-      return projection;
-    };
-    projection.scale = function(_) {
-      if (!arguments.length) return k;
-      k = +_;
-      return reset();
-    };
-    projection.translate = function(_) {
-      if (!arguments.length) return [ x, y ];
-      x = +_[0];
-      y = +_[1];
-      return reset();
-    };
-    projection.center = function(_) {
-      if (!arguments.length) return [ λ * d3_degrees, φ * d3_degrees ];
-      λ = _[0] % 360 * d3_radians;
-      φ = _[1] % 360 * d3_radians;
-      return reset();
-    };
-    projection.rotate = function(_) {
-      if (!arguments.length) return [ δλ * d3_degrees, δφ * d3_degrees, δγ * d3_degrees ];
-      δλ = _[0] % 360 * d3_radians;
-      δφ = _[1] % 360 * d3_radians;
-      δγ = _.length > 2 ? _[2] % 360 * d3_radians : 0;
-      return reset();
-    };
-    d3.rebind(projection, projectResample, "precision");
-    function reset() {
-      projectRotate = d3_geo_compose(rotate = d3_geo_rotation(δλ, δφ, δγ), project);
-      var center = project(λ, φ);
-      δx = x - center[0] * k;
-      δy = y + center[1] * k;
-      return projection;
-    }
-    return function() {
-      project = projectAt.apply(this, arguments);
-      projection.invert = project.invert && invert;
-      return reset();
-    };
-  }
-  function d3_geo_projectionRadiansRotate(rotate, stream) {
-    return {
-      point: function(x, y) {
-        y = rotate(x * d3_radians, y * d3_radians), x = y[0];
-        stream.point(x > π ? x - 2 * π : x < -π ? x + 2 * π : x, y[1]);
-      },
-      sphere: function() {
-        stream.sphere();
-      },
+  function d3_geo_pathBuffer() {
+    var pointCircle = d3_geo_pathBufferCircle(4.5), buffer = [];
+    var stream = {
+      point: point,
       lineStart: function() {
-        stream.lineStart();
-      },
-      lineEnd: function() {
-        stream.lineEnd();
+        stream.point = pointLineStart;
       },
+      lineEnd: lineEnd,
       polygonStart: function() {
-        stream.polygonStart();
+        stream.lineEnd = lineEndPolygon;
       },
       polygonEnd: function() {
-        stream.polygonEnd();
+        stream.lineEnd = lineEnd;
+        stream.point = point;
+      },
+      pointRadius: function(_) {
+        pointCircle = d3_geo_pathBufferCircle(_);
+        return stream;
+      },
+      result: function() {
+        if (buffer.length) {
+          var result = buffer.join("");
+          buffer = [];
+          return result;
+        }
       }
     };
+    function point(x, y) {
+      buffer.push("M", x, ",", y, pointCircle);
+    }
+    function pointLineStart(x, y) {
+      buffer.push("M", x, ",", y);
+      stream.point = pointLine;
+    }
+    function pointLine(x, y) {
+      buffer.push("L", x, ",", y);
+    }
+    function lineEnd() {
+      stream.point = point;
+    }
+    function lineEndPolygon() {
+      buffer.push("Z");
+    }
+    return stream;
   }
-  function d3_geo_equirectangular(λ, φ) {
-    return [ λ, φ ];
+  function d3_geo_pathBufferCircle(radius) {
+    return "m0," + radius + "a" + radius + "," + radius + " 0 1,1 0," + -2 * radius + "a" + radius + "," + radius + " 0 1,1 0," + 2 * radius + "z";
   }
-  (d3.geo.equirectangular = function() {
-    return d3_geo_projection(d3_geo_equirectangular);
-  }).raw = d3_geo_equirectangular.invert = d3_geo_equirectangular;
-  d3.geo.rotation = function(rotate) {
-    rotate = d3_geo_rotation(rotate[0] % 360 * d3_radians, rotate[1] * d3_radians, rotate.length > 2 ? rotate[2] * d3_radians : 0);
-    function forward(coordinates) {
-      coordinates = rotate(coordinates[0] * d3_radians, coordinates[1] * d3_radians);
-      return coordinates[0] *= d3_degrees, coordinates[1] *= d3_degrees, coordinates;
+  var d3_geo_pathCentroid = {
+    point: d3_geo_pathCentroidPoint,
+    lineStart: d3_geo_pathCentroidLineStart,
+    lineEnd: d3_geo_pathCentroidLineEnd,
+    polygonStart: function() {
+      d3_geo_pathCentroid.lineStart = d3_geo_pathCentroidRingStart;
+    },
+    polygonEnd: function() {
+      d3_geo_pathCentroid.point = d3_geo_pathCentroidPoint;
+      d3_geo_pathCentroid.lineStart = d3_geo_pathCentroidLineStart;
+      d3_geo_pathCentroid.lineEnd = d3_geo_pathCentroidLineEnd;
     }
-    forward.invert = function(coordinates) {
-      coordinates = rotate.invert(coordinates[0] * d3_radians, coordinates[1] * d3_radians);
-      return coordinates[0] *= d3_degrees, coordinates[1] *= d3_degrees, coordinates;
-    };
-    return forward;
   };
-  function d3_geo_rotation(δλ, δφ, δγ) {
-    return δλ ? δφ || δγ ? d3_geo_compose(d3_geo_rotationλ(δλ), d3_geo_rotationφγ(δφ, δγ)) : d3_geo_rotationλ(δλ) : δφ || δγ ? d3_geo_rotationφγ(δφ, δγ) : d3_geo_equirectangular;
+  function d3_geo_pathCentroidPoint(x, y) {
+    d3_geo_centroidX0 += x;
+    d3_geo_centroidY0 += y;
+    ++d3_geo_centroidZ0;
   }
-  function d3_geo_forwardRotationλ(δλ) {
-    return function(λ, φ) {
-      return λ += δλ, [ λ > π ? λ - 2 * π : λ < -π ? λ + 2 * π : λ, φ ];
+  function d3_geo_pathCentroidLineStart() {
+    var x0, y0;
+    d3_geo_pathCentroid.point = function(x, y) {
+      d3_geo_pathCentroid.point = nextPoint;
+      d3_geo_pathCentroidPoint(x0 = x, y0 = y);
     };
+    function nextPoint(x, y) {
+      var dx = x - x0, dy = y - y0, z = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
+      d3_geo_centroidX1 += z * (x0 + x) / 2;
+      d3_geo_centroidY1 += z * (y0 + y) / 2;
+      d3_geo_centroidZ1 += z;
+      d3_geo_pathCentroidPoint(x0 = x, y0 = y);
+    }
   }
-  function d3_geo_rotationλ(δλ) {
-    var rotation = d3_geo_forwardRotationλ(δλ);
-    rotation.invert = d3_geo_forwardRotationλ(-δλ);
-    return rotation;
+  function d3_geo_pathCentroidLineEnd() {
+    d3_geo_pathCentroid.point = d3_geo_pathCentroidPoint;
   }
-  function d3_geo_rotationφγ(δφ, δγ) {
-    var cosδφ = Math.cos(δφ), sinδφ = Math.sin(δφ), cosδγ = Math.cos(δγ), sinδγ = Math.sin(δγ);
-    function rotation(λ, φ) {
-      var cosφ = Math.cos(φ), x = Math.cos(λ) * cosφ, y = Math.sin(λ) * cosφ, z = Math.sin(φ), k = z * cosδφ + x * sinδφ;
-      return [ Math.atan2(y * cosδγ - k * sinδγ, x * cosδφ - z * sinδφ), Math.asin(Math.max(-1, Math.min(1, k * cosδγ + y * sinδγ))) ];
-    }
-    rotation.invert = function(λ, φ) {
-      var cosφ = Math.cos(φ), x = Math.cos(λ) * cosφ, y = Math.sin(λ) * cosφ, z = Math.sin(φ), k = z * cosδγ - y * sinδγ;
-      return [ Math.atan2(y * cosδγ + z * sinδγ, x * cosδφ + k * sinδφ), Math.asin(Math.max(-1, Math.min(1, k * cosδφ - x * sinδφ))) ];
+  function d3_geo_pathCentroidRingStart() {
+    var x00, y00, x0, y0;
+    d3_geo_pathCentroid.point = function(x, y) {
+      d3_geo_pathCentroid.point = nextPoint;
+      d3_geo_pathCentroidPoint(x00 = x0 = x, y00 = y0 = y);
     };
-    return rotation;
-  }
-  d3.geo.circle = function() {
-    var origin = [ 0, 0 ], angle, precision = 6, interpolate;
-    function circle() {
-      var center = typeof origin === "function" ? origin.apply(this, arguments) : origin, rotate = d3_geo_rotation(-center[0] * d3_radians, -center[1] * d3_radians, 0).invert, ring = [];
-      interpolate(null, null, 1, {
-        point: function(x, y) {
-          ring.push(x = rotate(x, y));
-          x[0] *= d3_degrees, x[1] *= d3_degrees;
-        }
-      });
-      return {
-        type: "Polygon",
-        coordinates: [ ring ]
-      };
+    function nextPoint(x, y) {
+      var dx = x - x0, dy = y - y0, z = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
+      d3_geo_centroidX1 += z * (x0 + x) / 2;
+      d3_geo_centroidY1 += z * (y0 + y) / 2;
+      d3_geo_centroidZ1 += z;
+      z = y0 * x - x0 * y;
+      d3_geo_centroidX2 += z * (x0 + x);
+      d3_geo_centroidY2 += z * (y0 + y);
+      d3_geo_centroidZ2 += z * 3;
+      d3_geo_pathCentroidPoint(x0 = x, y0 = y);
     }
-    circle.origin = function(x) {
-      if (!arguments.length) return origin;
-      origin = x;
-      return circle;
-    };
-    circle.angle = function(x) {
-      if (!arguments.length) return angle;
-      interpolate = d3_geo_circleInterpolate((angle = +x) * d3_radians, precision * d3_radians);
-      return circle;
-    };
-    circle.precision = function(_) {
-      if (!arguments.length) return precision;
-      interpolate = d3_geo_circleInterpolate(angle * d3_radians, (precision = +_) * d3_radians);
-      return circle;
-    };
-    return circle.angle(90);
-  };
-  function d3_geo_circleInterpolate(radius, precision) {
-    var cr = Math.cos(radius), sr = Math.sin(radius);
-    return function(from, to, direction, listener) {
-      if (from != null) {
-        from = d3_geo_circleAngle(cr, from);
-        to = d3_geo_circleAngle(cr, to);
-        if (direction > 0 ? from < to : from > to) from += direction * 2 * π;
-      } else {
-        from = radius + direction * 2 * π;
-        to = radius;
-      }
-      var point;
-      for (var step = direction * precision, t = from; direction > 0 ? t > to : t < to; t -= step) {
-        listener.point((point = d3_geo_spherical([ cr, -sr * Math.cos(t), -sr * Math.sin(t) ]))[0], point[1]);
-      }
+    d3_geo_pathCentroid.lineEnd = function() {
+      nextPoint(x00, y00);
     };
   }
-  function d3_geo_circleAngle(cr, point) {
-    var a = d3_geo_cartesian(point);
-    a[0] -= cr;
-    d3_geo_cartesianNormalize(a);
-    var angle = d3_acos(-a[1]);
-    return ((-a[2] < 0 ? -angle : angle) + 2 * Math.PI - ε) % (2 * Math.PI);
-  }
-  d3.geo.distance = function(a, b) {
-    var Δλ = (b[0] - a[0]) * d3_radians, φ0 = a[1] * d3_radians, φ1 = b[1] * d3_radians, sinΔλ = Math.sin(Δλ), cosΔλ = Math.cos(Δλ), sinφ0 = Math.sin(φ0), cosφ0 = Math.cos(φ0), sinφ1 = Math.sin(φ1), cosφ1 = Math.cos(φ1), t;
-    return Math.atan2(Math.sqrt((t = cosφ1 * sinΔλ) * t + (t = cosφ0 * sinφ1 - sinφ0 * cosφ1 * cosΔλ) * t), sinφ0 * sinφ1 + cosφ0 * cosφ1 * cosΔλ);
-  };
-  d3.geo.graticule = function() {
-    var x1, x0, X1, X0, y1, y0, Y1, Y0, dx = 10, dy = dx, DX = 90, DY = 360, x, y, X, Y, precision = 2.5;
-    function graticule() {
-      return {
-        type: "MultiLineString",
-        coordinates: lines()
-      };
+  function d3_geo_pathContext(context) {
+    var pointRadius = 4.5;
+    var stream = {
+      point: point,
+      lineStart: function() {
+        stream.point = pointLineStart;
+      },
+      lineEnd: lineEnd,
+      polygonStart: function() {
+        stream.lineEnd = lineEndPolygon;
+      },
+      polygonEnd: function() {
+        stream.lineEnd = lineEnd;
+        stream.point = point;
+      },
+      pointRadius: function(_) {
+        pointRadius = _;
+        return stream;
+      },
+      result: d3_noop
+    };
+    function point(x, y) {
+      context.moveTo(x, y);
+      context.arc(x, y, pointRadius, 0, 2 * π);
     }
-    function lines() {
-      return d3.range(Math.ceil(X0 / DX) * DX, X1, DX).map(X).concat(d3.range(Math.ceil(Y0 / DY) * DY, Y1, DY).map(Y)).concat(d3.range(Math.ceil(x0 / dx) * dx, x1, dx).filter(function(x) {
-        return Math.abs(x % DX) > ε;
-      }).map(x)).concat(d3.range(Math.ceil(y0 / dy) * dy, y1, dy).filter(function(y) {
-        return Math.abs(y % DY) > ε;
-      }).map(y));
+    function pointLineStart(x, y) {
+      context.moveTo(x, y);
+      stream.point = pointLine;
     }
-    graticule.lines = function() {
-      return lines().map(function(coordinates) {
-        return {
-          type: "LineString",
-          coordinates: coordinates
-        };
-      });
-    };
-    graticule.outline = function() {
-      return {
-        type: "Polygon",
-        coordinates: [ X(X0).concat(Y(Y1).slice(1), X(X1).reverse().slice(1), Y(Y0).reverse().slice(1)) ]
-      };
-    };
-    graticule.extent = function(_) {
-      if (!arguments.length) return graticule.minorExtent();
-      return graticule.majorExtent(_).minorExtent(_);
-    };
-    graticule.majorExtent = function(_) {
-      if (!arguments.length) return [ [ X0, Y0 ], [ X1, Y1 ] ];
-      X0 = +_[0][0], X1 = +_[1][0];
-      Y0 = +_[0][1], Y1 = +_[1][1];
-      if (X0 > X1) _ = X0, X0 = X1, X1 = _;
-      if (Y0 > Y1) _ = Y0, Y0 = Y1, Y1 = _;
-      return graticule.precision(precision);
-    };
-    graticule.minorExtent = function(_) {
-      if (!arguments.length) return [ [ x0, y0 ], [ x1, y1 ] ];
-      x0 = +_[0][0], x1 = +_[1][0];
-      y0 = +_[0][1], y1 = +_[1][1];
-      if (x0 > x1) _ = x0, x0 = x1, x1 = _;
-      if (y0 > y1) _ = y0, y0 = y1, y1 = _;
-      return graticule.precision(precision);
-    };
-    graticule.step = function(_) {
-      if (!arguments.length) return graticule.minorStep();
-      return graticule.majorStep(_).minorStep(_);
-    };
-    graticule.majorStep = function(_) {
-      if (!arguments.length) return [ DX, DY ];
-      DX = +_[0], DY = +_[1];
-      return graticule;
-    };
-    graticule.minorStep = function(_) {
-      if (!arguments.length) return [ dx, dy ];
-      dx = +_[0], dy = +_[1];
-      return graticule;
-    };
-    graticule.precision = function(_) {
-      if (!arguments.length) return precision;
-      precision = +_;
-      x = d3_geo_graticuleX(y0, y1, 90);
-      y = d3_geo_graticuleY(x0, x1, precision);
-      X = d3_geo_graticuleX(Y0, Y1, 90);
-      Y = d3_geo_graticuleY(X0, X1, precision);
-      return graticule;
-    };
-    return graticule.majorExtent([ [ -180, -90 + ε ], [ 180, 90 - ε ] ]).minorExtent([ [ -180, -80 - ε ], [ 180, 80 + ε ] ]);
-  };
-  function d3_geo_graticuleX(y0, y1, dy) {
-    var y = d3.range(y0, y1 - ε, dy).concat(y1);
-    return function(x) {
-      return y.map(function(y) {
-        return [ x, y ];
-      });
-    };
-  }
-  function d3_geo_graticuleY(x0, x1, dx) {
-    var x = d3.range(x0, x1 - ε, dx).concat(x1);
-    return function(y) {
-      return x.map(function(x) {
-        return [ x, y ];
-      });
-    };
-  }
-  function d3_source(d) {
-    return d.source;
-  }
-  function d3_target(d) {
-    return d.target;
-  }
-  d3.geo.greatArc = function() {
-    var source = d3_source, source_, target = d3_target, target_;
-    function greatArc() {
-      return {
-        type: "LineString",
-        coordinates: [ source_ || source.apply(this, arguments), target_ || target.apply(this, arguments) ]
-      };
+    function pointLine(x, y) {
+      context.lineTo(x, y);
     }
-    greatArc.distance = function() {
-      return d3.geo.distance(source_ || source.apply(this, arguments), target_ || target.apply(this, arguments));
-    };
-    greatArc.source = function(_) {
-      if (!arguments.length) return source;
-      source = _, source_ = typeof _ === "function" ? null : _;
-      return greatArc;
-    };
-    greatArc.target = function(_) {
-      if (!arguments.length) return target;
-      target = _, target_ = typeof _ === "function" ? null : _;
-      return greatArc;
-    };
-    greatArc.precision = function() {
-      return arguments.length ? greatArc : 0;
-    };
-    return greatArc;
-  };
-  d3.geo.interpolate = function(source, target) {
-    return d3_geo_interpolate(source[0] * d3_radians, source[1] * d3_radians, target[0] * d3_radians, target[1] * d3_radians);
-  };
-  function d3_geo_interpolate(x0, y0, x1, y1) {
-    var cy0 = Math.cos(y0), sy0 = Math.sin(y0), cy1 = Math.cos(y1), sy1 = Math.sin(y1), kx0 = cy0 * Math.cos(x0), ky0 = cy0 * Math.sin(x0), kx1 = cy1 * Math.cos(x1), ky1 = cy1 * Math.sin(x1), d = 2 * Math.asin(Math.sqrt(d3_haversin(y1 - y0) + cy0 * cy1 * d3_haversin(x1 - x0))), k = 1 / Math.sin(d);
-    var interpolate = d ? function(t) {
-      var B = Math.sin(t *= d) * k, A = Math.sin(d - t) * k, x = A * kx0 + B * kx1, y = A * ky0 + B * ky1, z = A * sy0 + B * sy1;
-      return [ Math.atan2(y, x) * d3_degrees, Math.atan2(z, Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y)) * d3_degrees ];
-    } : function() {
-      return [ x0 * d3_degrees, y0 * d3_degrees ];
-    };
-    interpolate.distance = d;
-    return interpolate;
+    function lineEnd() {
+      stream.point = point;
+    }
+    function lineEndPolygon() {
+      context.closePath();
+    }
+    return stream;
   }
-  d3.geo.length = function(object) {
-    d3_geo_lengthSum = 0;
-    d3.geo.stream(object, d3_geo_length);
-    return d3_geo_lengthSum;
-  };
-  var d3_geo_lengthSum;
-  var d3_geo_length = {
-    sphere: d3_noop,
-    point: d3_noop,
-    lineStart: d3_geo_lengthLineStart,
-    lineEnd: d3_noop,
-    polygonStart: d3_noop,
-    polygonEnd: d3_noop
-  };
-  function d3_geo_lengthLineStart() {
-    var λ0, sinφ0, cosφ0;
-    d3_geo_length.point = function(λ, φ) {
-      λ0 = λ * d3_radians, sinφ0 = Math.sin(φ *= d3_radians), cosφ0 = Math.cos(φ);
-      d3_geo_length.point = nextPoint;
-    };
-    d3_geo_length.lineEnd = function() {
-      d3_geo_length.point = d3_geo_length.lineEnd = d3_noop;
-    };
-    function nextPoint(λ, φ) {
-      var sinφ = Math.sin(φ *= d3_radians), cosφ = Math.cos(φ), t = Math.abs((λ *= d3_radians) - λ0), cosΔλ = Math.cos(t);
-      d3_geo_lengthSum += Math.atan2(Math.sqrt((t = cosφ * Math.sin(t)) * t + (t = cosφ0 * sinφ - sinφ0 * cosφ * cosΔλ) * t), sinφ0 * sinφ + cosφ0 * cosφ * cosΔλ);
-      λ0 = λ, sinφ0 = sinφ, cosφ0 = cosφ;
+  function d3_geo_resample(project) {
+    var δ2 = .5, maxDepth = 16;
+    function resample(stream) {
+      var λ00, φ00, x00, y00, a00, b00, c00, λ0, x0, y0, a0, b0, c0;
+      var resample = {
+        point: point,
+        lineStart: lineStart,
+        lineEnd: lineEnd,
+        polygonStart: function() {
+          stream.polygonStart();
+          resample.lineStart = ringStart;
+        },
+        polygonEnd: function() {
+          stream.polygonEnd();
+          resample.lineStart = lineStart;
+        }
+      };
+      function point(x, y) {
+        x = project(x, y);
+        stream.point(x[0], x[1]);
+      }
+      function lineStart() {
+        x0 = NaN;
+        resample.point = linePoint;
+        stream.lineStart();
+      }
+      function linePoint(λ, φ) {
+        var c = d3_geo_cartesian([ λ, φ ]), p = project(λ, φ), buffer = [];
+        resampleLineTo(x0, y0, λ0, a0, b0, c0, x0 = p[0], y0 = p[1], λ0 = λ, a0 = c[0], b0 = c[1], c0 = c[2], maxDepth, buffer);
+        streamLine(buffer, stream);
+        stream.point(x0, y0);
+      }
+      function lineEnd() {
+        resample.point = point;
+        stream.lineEnd();
+      }
+      function ringStart() {
+        lineStart();
+        resample.point = ringPoint;
+        resample.lineEnd = ringEnd;
+      }
+      function ringPoint(λ, φ) {
+        linePoint(λ00 = λ, φ00 = φ), x00 = x0, y00 = y0, a00 = a0, b00 = b0, c00 = c0;
+        resample.point = linePoint;
+      }
+      function ringEnd() {
+        var buffer = [];
+        resampleLineTo(x0, y0, λ0, a0, b0, c0, x00, y00, λ00, a00, b00, c00, maxDepth, buffer);
+        streamLine(buffer, stream);
+        resample.lineEnd = lineEnd;
+        lineEnd();
+      }
+      function streamLine(line, stream) {
+        for (var i = 0, n = line.length, point; i < n; ++i) {
+          stream.point((point = line[i])[0], point[1]);
+        }
+      }
+      return resample;
     }
-  }
-  function d3_geo_conic(projectAt) {
-    var φ0 = 0, φ1 = π / 3, m = d3_geo_projectionMutator(projectAt), p = m(φ0, φ1);
-    p.parallels = function(_) {
-      if (!arguments.length) return [ φ0 / π * 180, φ1 / π * 180 ];
-      return m(φ0 = _[0] * π / 180, φ1 = _[1] * π / 180);
-    };
-    return p;
-  }
-  function d3_geo_conicEqualArea(φ0, φ1) {
-    var sinφ0 = Math.sin(φ0), n = (sinφ0 + Math.sin(φ1)) / 2, C = 1 + sinφ0 * (2 * n - sinφ0), ρ0 = Math.sqrt(C) / n;
-    function forward(λ, φ) {
-      var ρ = Math.sqrt(C - 2 * n * Math.sin(φ)) / n;
-      return [ ρ * Math.sin(λ *= n), ρ0 - ρ * Math.cos(λ) ];
+    function resampleLineTo(x0, y0, λ0, a0, b0, c0, x1, y1, λ1, a1, b1, c1, depth, buffer) {
+      var dx = x1 - x0, dy = y1 - y0, d2 = dx * dx + dy * dy;
+      if (d2 > 4 * δ2 && depth--) {
+        var a = a0 + a1, b = b0 + b1, c = c0 + c1, m = Math.sqrt(a * a + b * b + c * c), φ2 = Math.asin(c /= m), λ2 = Math.abs(Math.abs(c) - 1) < ε ? (λ0 + λ1) / 2 : Math.atan2(b, a), p = project(λ2, φ2), x2 = p[0], y2 = p[1], dx2 = x2 - x0, dy2 = y2 - y0, dz = dy * dx2 - dx * dy2, tooFar = false;
+        if (dz * dz / d2 > δ2 || Math.abs((dx * dx2 + dy * dy2) / d2 - .5) > .3 || (tooFar = dx2 * dx2 + dy2 * dy2 > 256 * δ2)) {
+          var s0 = resampleLineTo(x0, y0, λ0, a0, b0, c0, x2, y2, λ2, a /= m, b /= m, c, depth, buffer);
+          buffer.push(p);
+          var s1 = resampleLineTo(x2, y2, λ2, a, b, c, x1, y1, λ1, a1, b1, c1, depth, buffer);
+          return !tooFar || s0 || s1 || (buffer.pop(), false);
+        }
+      }
     }
-    forward.invert = function(x, y) {
-      var ρ0_y = ρ0 - y;
-      return [ Math.atan2(x, ρ0_y) / n, d3_asin((C - (x * x + ρ0_y * ρ0_y) * n * n) / (2 * n)) ];
+    resample.precision = function(_) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return Math.sqrt(δ2);
+      maxDepth = (δ2 = _ * _) > 0 && 16;
+      return resample;
     };
-    return forward;
+    return resample;
   }
-  (d3.geo.conicEqualArea = function() {
-    return d3_geo_conic(d3_geo_conicEqualArea);
-  }).raw = d3_geo_conicEqualArea;
-  d3.geo.albers = function() {
-    return d3.geo.conicEqualArea().rotate([ 96, 0 ]).center([ -.6, 38.7 ]).parallels([ 29.5, 45.5 ]).scale(1070);
-  };
-  d3.geo.albersUsa = function() {
-    var lower48 = d3.geo.albers();
-    var alaska = d3.geo.conicEqualArea().rotate([ 154, 0 ]).center([ -2, 58.5 ]).parallels([ 55, 65 ]);
-    var hawaii = d3.geo.conicEqualArea().rotate([ 157, 0 ]).center([ -3, 19.9 ]).parallels([ 8, 18 ]);
-    var point, pointStream = {
-      point: function(x, y) {
-        point = [ x, y ];
+  d3.geo.path = function() {
+    var pointRadius = 4.5, projection, context, projectStream, contextStream, cacheStream;
+    function path(object) {
+      if (object) {
+        if (typeof pointRadius === "function") contextStream.pointRadius(+pointRadius.apply(this, arguments));
+        if (!cacheStream || !cacheStream.valid) cacheStream = projectStream(contextStream);
+        d3.geo.stream(object, cacheStream);
       }
-    }, lower48Point, alaskaPoint, hawaiiPoint;
-    function albersUsa(coordinates) {
-      var x = coordinates[0], y = coordinates[1];
-      point = null;
-      (lower48Point(x, y), point) || (alaskaPoint(x, y), point) || hawaiiPoint(x, y);
-      return point;
+      return contextStream.result();
     }
-    albersUsa.invert = function(coordinates) {
-      var k = lower48.scale(), t = lower48.translate(), x = (coordinates[0] - t[0]) / k, y = (coordinates[1] - t[1]) / k;
-      return (y >= .12 && y < .234 && x >= -.425 && x < -.214 ? alaska : y >= .166 && y < .234 && x >= -.214 && x < -.115 ? hawaii : lower48).invert(coordinates);
+    path.area = function(object) {
+      d3_geo_pathAreaSum = 0;
+      d3.geo.stream(object, projectStream(d3_geo_pathArea));
+      return d3_geo_pathAreaSum;
     };
-    albersUsa.stream = function(stream) {
-      var lower48Stream = lower48.stream(stream), alaskaStream = alaska.stream(stream), hawaiiStream = hawaii.stream(stream);
+    path.centroid = function(object) {
+      d3_geo_centroidX0 = d3_geo_centroidY0 = d3_geo_centroidZ0 = d3_geo_centroidX1 = d3_geo_centroidY1 = d3_geo_centroidZ1 = d3_geo_centroidX2 = d3_geo_centroidY2 = d3_geo_centroidZ2 = 0;
+      d3.geo.stream(object, projectStream(d3_geo_pathCentroid));
+      return d3_geo_centroidZ2 ? [ d3_geo_centroidX2 / d3_geo_centroidZ2, d3_geo_centroidY2 / d3_geo_centroidZ2 ] : d3_geo_centroidZ1 ? [ d3_geo_centroidX1 / d3_geo_centroidZ1, d3_geo_centroidY1 / d3_geo_centroidZ1 ] : d3_geo_centroidZ0 ? [ d3_geo_centroidX0 / d3_geo_centroidZ0, d3_geo_centroidY0 / d3_geo_centroidZ0 ] : [ NaN, NaN ];
+    };
+    path.bounds = function(object) {
+      d3_geo_pathBoundsX1 = d3_geo_pathBoundsY1 = -(d3_geo_pathBoundsX0 = d3_geo_pathBoundsY0 = Infinity);
+      d3.geo.stream(object, projectStream(d3_geo_pathBounds));
+      return [ [ d3_geo_pathBoundsX0, d3_geo_pathBoundsY0 ], [ d3_geo_pathBoundsX1, d3_geo_pathBoundsY1 ] ];
+    };
+    path.projection = function(_) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return projection;
+      projectStream = (projection = _) ? _.stream || d3_geo_pathProjectStream(_) : d3_identity;
+      return reset();
+    };
+    path.context = function(_) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return context;
+      contextStream = (context = _) == null ? new d3_geo_pathBuffer() : new d3_geo_pathContext(_);
+      if (typeof pointRadius !== "function") contextStream.pointRadius(pointRadius);
+      return reset();
+    };
+    path.pointRadius = function(_) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return pointRadius;
+      pointRadius = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : (contextStream.pointRadius(+_), +_);
+      return path;
+    };
+    function reset() {
+      cacheStream = null;
+      return path;
+    }
+    return path.projection(d3.geo.albersUsa()).context(null);
+  };
+  function d3_geo_pathProjectStream(project) {
+    var resample = d3_geo_resample(function(λ, φ) {
+      return project([ λ * d3_degrees, φ * d3_degrees ]);
+    });
+    return function(stream) {
+      stream = resample(stream);
       return {
-        point: function(x, y) {
-          lower48Stream.point(x, y);
-          alaskaStream.point(x, y);
-          hawaiiStream.point(x, y);
+        point: function(λ, φ) {
+          stream.point(λ * d3_radians, φ * d3_radians);
         },
         sphere: function() {
-          lower48Stream.sphere();
-          alaskaStream.sphere();
-          hawaiiStream.sphere();
+          stream.sphere();
         },
         lineStart: function() {
-          lower48Stream.lineStart();
-          alaskaStream.lineStart();
-          hawaiiStream.lineStart();
+          stream.lineStart();
         },
         lineEnd: function() {
-          lower48Stream.lineEnd();
-          alaskaStream.lineEnd();
-          hawaiiStream.lineEnd();
+          stream.lineEnd();
         },
         polygonStart: function() {
-          lower48Stream.polygonStart();
-          alaskaStream.polygonStart();
-          hawaiiStream.polygonStart();
+          stream.polygonStart();
         },
         polygonEnd: function() {
-          lower48Stream.polygonEnd();
-          alaskaStream.polygonEnd();
-          hawaiiStream.polygonEnd();
+          stream.polygonEnd();
         }
       };
     };
-    albersUsa.precision = function(_) {
-      if (!arguments.length) return lower48.precision();
-      lower48.precision(_);
-      alaska.precision(_);
-      hawaii.precision(_);
-      return albersUsa;
+  }
+  d3.geo.projection = d3_geo_projection;
+  d3.geo.projectionMutator = d3_geo_projectionMutator;
+  function d3_geo_projection(project) {
+    return d3_geo_projectionMutator(function() {
+      return project;
+    })();
+  }
+  function d3_geo_projectionMutator(projectAt) {
+    var project, rotate, projectRotate, projectResample = d3_geo_resample(function(x, y) {
+      x = project(x, y);
+      return [ x[0] * k + δx, δy - x[1] * k ];
+    }), k = 150, x = 480, y = 250, λ = 0, φ = 0, δλ = 0, δφ = 0, δγ = 0, δx, δy, preclip = d3_geo_clipAntimeridian, postclip = d3_identity, clipAngle = null, clipExtent = null, stream;
+    function projection(point) {
+      point = projectRotate(point[0] * d3_radians, point[1] * d3_radians);
+      return [ point[0] * k + δx, δy - point[1] * k ];
+    }
+    function invert(point) {
+      point = projectRotate.invert((point[0] - δx) / k, (δy - point[1]) / k);
+      return point && [ point[0] * d3_degrees, point[1] * d3_degrees ];
+    }
+    projection.stream = function(output) {
+      if (stream) stream.valid = false;
+      stream = d3_geo_projectionRadiansRotate(rotate, preclip(projectResample(postclip(output))));
+      stream.valid = true;
+      return stream;
     };
-    albersUsa.scale = function(_) {
-      if (!arguments.length) return lower48.scale();
-      lower48.scale(_);
-      alaska.scale(_ * .35);
-      hawaii.scale(_);
-      return albersUsa.translate(lower48.translate());
+    projection.clipAngle = function(_) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return clipAngle;
+      preclip = _ == null ? (clipAngle = _, d3_geo_clipAntimeridian) : d3_geo_clipCircle((clipAngle = +_) * d3_radians);
+      return invalidate();
     };
-    albersUsa.translate = function(_) {
-      if (!arguments.length) return lower48.translate();
-      var k = lower48.scale(), x = +_[0], y = +_[1];
-      lower48Point = lower48.translate(_).clipExtent([ [ x - .455 * k, y - .238 * k ], [ x + .455 * k, y + .238 * k ] ]).stream(pointStream).point;
-      alaskaPoint = alaska.translate([ x - .307 * k, y + .201 * k ]).clipExtent([ [ x - .425 * k + ε, y + .12 * k + ε ], [ x - .214 * k - ε, y + .234 * k - ε ] ]).stream(pointStream).point;
-      hawaiiPoint = hawaii.translate([ x - .205 * k, y + .212 * k ]).clipExtent([ [ x - .214 * k + ε, y + .166 * k + ε ], [ x - .115 * k - ε, y + .234 * k - ε ] ]).stream(pointStream).point;
-      return albersUsa;
+    projection.clipExtent = function(_) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return clipExtent;
+      clipExtent = _;
+      postclip = _ == null ? d3_identity : d3_geo_clipView(_[0][0], _[0][1], _[1][0], _[1][1]);
+      return invalidate();
     };
-    return albersUsa.scale(1070);
-  };
-  var d3_geo_pathAreaSum, d3_geo_pathAreaPolygon, d3_geo_pathArea = {
-    point: d3_noop,
-    lineStart: d3_noop,
-    lineEnd: d3_noop,
-    polygonStart: function() {
-      d3_geo_pathAreaPolygon = 0;
-      d3_geo_pathArea.lineStart = d3_geo_pathAreaRingStart;
-    },
-    polygonEnd: function() {
-      d3_geo_pathArea.lineStart = d3_geo_pathArea.lineEnd = d3_geo_pathArea.point = d3_noop;
-      d3_geo_pathAreaSum += Math.abs(d3_geo_pathAreaPolygon / 2);
-    }
-  };
-  function d3_geo_pathAreaRingStart() {
-    var x00, y00, x0, y0;
-    d3_geo_pathArea.point = function(x, y) {
-      d3_geo_pathArea.point = nextPoint;
-      x00 = x0 = x, y00 = y0 = y;
+    projection.scale = function(_) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return k;
+      k = +_;
+      return reset();
     };
-    function nextPoint(x, y) {
-      d3_geo_pathAreaPolygon += y0 * x - x0 * y;
-      x0 = x, y0 = y;
-    }
-    d3_geo_pathArea.lineEnd = function() {
-      nextPoint(x00, y00);
+    projection.translate = function(_) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return [ x, y ];
+      x = +_[0];
+      y = +_[1];
+      return reset();
+    };
+    projection.center = function(_) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return [ λ * d3_degrees, φ * d3_degrees ];
+      λ = _[0] % 360 * d3_radians;
+      φ = _[1] % 360 * d3_radians;
+      return reset();
+    };
+    projection.rotate = function(_) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return [ δλ * d3_degrees, δφ * d3_degrees, δγ * d3_degrees ];
+      δλ = _[0] % 360 * d3_radians;
+      δφ = _[1] % 360 * d3_radians;
+      δγ = _.length > 2 ? _[2] % 360 * d3_radians : 0;
+      return reset();
+    };
+    d3.rebind(projection, projectResample, "precision");
+    function reset() {
+      projectRotate = d3_geo_compose(rotate = d3_geo_rotation(δλ, δφ, δγ), project);
+      var center = project(λ, φ);
+      δx = x - center[0] * k;
+      δy = y + center[1] * k;
+      return invalidate();
+    }
+    function invalidate() {
+      if (stream) {
+        stream.valid = false;
+        stream = null;
+      }
+      return projection;
+    }
+    return function() {
+      project = projectAt.apply(this, arguments);
+      projection.invert = project.invert && invert;
+      return reset();
     };
   }
-  var d3_geo_pathBoundsX0, d3_geo_pathBoundsY0, d3_geo_pathBoundsX1, d3_geo_pathBoundsY1;
-  var d3_geo_pathBounds = {
-    point: d3_geo_pathBoundsPoint,
-    lineStart: d3_noop,
-    lineEnd: d3_noop,
-    polygonStart: d3_noop,
-    polygonEnd: d3_noop
-  };
-  function d3_geo_pathBoundsPoint(x, y) {
-    if (x < d3_geo_pathBoundsX0) d3_geo_pathBoundsX0 = x;
-    if (x > d3_geo_pathBoundsX1) d3_geo_pathBoundsX1 = x;
-    if (y < d3_geo_pathBoundsY0) d3_geo_pathBoundsY0 = y;
-    if (y > d3_geo_pathBoundsY1) d3_geo_pathBoundsY1 = y;
-  }
-  function d3_geo_pathBuffer() {
-    var pointCircle = d3_geo_pathBufferCircle(4.5), buffer = [];
-    var stream = {
-      point: point,
+  function d3_geo_projectionRadiansRotate(rotate, stream) {
+    return {
+      point: function(x, y) {
+        y = rotate(x * d3_radians, y * d3_radians), x = y[0];
+        stream.point(x > π ? x - 2 * π : x < -π ? x + 2 * π : x, y[1]);
+      },
+      sphere: function() {
+        stream.sphere();
+      },
       lineStart: function() {
-        stream.point = pointLineStart;
+        stream.lineStart();
+      },
+      lineEnd: function() {
+        stream.lineEnd();
       },
-      lineEnd: lineEnd,
       polygonStart: function() {
-        stream.lineEnd = lineEndPolygon;
+        stream.polygonStart();
       },
       polygonEnd: function() {
-        stream.lineEnd = lineEnd;
-        stream.point = point;
-      },
-      pointRadius: function(_) {
-        pointCircle = d3_geo_pathBufferCircle(_);
-        return stream;
-      },
-      result: function() {
-        if (buffer.length) {
-          var result = buffer.join("");
-          buffer = [];
-          return result;
-        }
+        stream.polygonEnd();
       }
     };
-    function point(x, y) {
-      buffer.push("M", x, ",", y, pointCircle);
-    }
-    function pointLineStart(x, y) {
-      buffer.push("M", x, ",", y);
-      stream.point = pointLine;
-    }
-    function pointLine(x, y) {
-      buffer.push("L", x, ",", y);
-    }
-    function lineEnd() {
-      stream.point = point;
-    }
-    function lineEndPolygon() {
-      buffer.push("Z");
-    }
-    return stream;
   }
-  function d3_geo_pathBufferCircle(radius) {
-    return "m0," + radius + "a" + radius + "," + radius + " 0 1,1 0," + -2 * radius + "a" + radius + "," + radius + " 0 1,1 0," + 2 * radius + "z";
+  function d3_geo_equirectangular(λ, φ) {
+    return [ λ, φ ];
   }
-  var d3_geo_pathCentroid = {
-    point: d3_geo_pathCentroidPoint,
-    lineStart: d3_geo_pathCentroidLineStart,
-    lineEnd: d3_geo_pathCentroidLineEnd,
-    polygonStart: function() {
-      d3_geo_pathCentroid.lineStart = d3_geo_pathCentroidRingStart;
-    },
-    polygonEnd: function() {
-      d3_geo_pathCentroid.point = d3_geo_pathCentroidPoint;
-      d3_geo_pathCentroid.lineStart = d3_geo_pathCentroidLineStart;
-      d3_geo_pathCentroid.lineEnd = d3_geo_pathCentroidLineEnd;
+  (d3.geo.equirectangular = function() {
+    return d3_geo_projection(d3_geo_equirectangular);
+  }).raw = d3_geo_equirectangular.invert = d3_geo_equirectangular;
+  d3.geo.rotation = function(rotate) {
+    rotate = d3_geo_rotation(rotate[0] % 360 * d3_radians, rotate[1] * d3_radians, rotate.length > 2 ? rotate[2] * d3_radians : 0);
+    function forward(coordinates) {
+      coordinates = rotate(coordinates[0] * d3_radians, coordinates[1] * d3_radians);
+      return coordinates[0] *= d3_degrees, coordinates[1] *= d3_degrees, coordinates;
     }
+    forward.invert = function(coordinates) {
+      coordinates = rotate.invert(coordinates[0] * d3_radians, coordinates[1] * d3_radians);
+      return coordinates[0] *= d3_degrees, coordinates[1] *= d3_degrees, coordinates;
+    };
+    return forward;
   };
-  function d3_geo_pathCentroidPoint(x, y) {
-    if (d3_geo_centroidDimension) return;
-    d3_geo_centroidX += x;
-    d3_geo_centroidY += y;
-    ++d3_geo_centroidZ;
+  function d3_geo_rotation(δλ, δφ, δγ) {
+    return δλ ? δφ || δγ ? d3_geo_compose(d3_geo_rotationλ(δλ), d3_geo_rotationφγ(δφ, δγ)) : d3_geo_rotationλ(δλ) : δφ || δγ ? d3_geo_rotationφγ(δφ, δγ) : d3_geo_equirectangular;
   }
-  function d3_geo_pathCentroidLineStart() {
-    var x0, y0;
-    if (d3_geo_centroidDimension !== 1) {
-      if (d3_geo_centroidDimension < 1) {
-        d3_geo_centroidDimension = 1;
-        d3_geo_centroidX = d3_geo_centroidY = d3_geo_centroidZ = 0;
-      } else return;
+  function d3_geo_forwardRotationλ(δλ) {
+    return function(λ, φ) {
+      return λ += δλ, [ λ > π ? λ - 2 * π : λ < -π ? λ + 2 * π : λ, φ ];
+    };
+  }
+  function d3_geo_rotationλ(δλ) {
+    var rotation = d3_geo_forwardRotationλ(δλ);
+    rotation.invert = d3_geo_forwardRotationλ(-δλ);
+    return rotation;
+  }
+  function d3_geo_rotationφγ(δφ, δγ) {
+    var cosδφ = Math.cos(δφ), sinδφ = Math.sin(δφ), cosδγ = Math.cos(δγ), sinδγ = Math.sin(δγ);
+    function rotation(λ, φ) {
+      var cosφ = Math.cos(φ), x = Math.cos(λ) * cosφ, y = Math.sin(λ) * cosφ, z = Math.sin(φ), k = z * cosδφ + x * sinδφ;
+      return [ Math.atan2(y * cosδγ - k * sinδγ, x * cosδφ - z * sinδφ), d3_asin(k * cosδγ + y * sinδγ) ];
     }
-    d3_geo_pathCentroid.point = function(x, y) {
-      d3_geo_pathCentroid.point = nextPoint;
-      x0 = x, y0 = y;
+    rotation.invert = function(λ, φ) {
+      var cosφ = Math.cos(φ), x = Math.cos(λ) * cosφ, y = Math.sin(λ) * cosφ, z = Math.sin(φ), k = z * cosδγ - y * sinδγ;
+      return [ Math.atan2(y * cosδγ + z * sinδγ, x * cosδφ + k * sinδφ), d3_asin(k * cosδφ - x * sinδφ) ];
     };
-    function nextPoint(x, y) {
-      var dx = x - x0, dy = y - y0, z = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
-      d3_geo_centroidX += z * (x0 + x) / 2;
-      d3_geo_centroidY += z * (y0 + y) / 2;
-      d3_geo_centroidZ += z;
-      x0 = x, y0 = y;
+    return rotation;
+  }
+  d3.geo.circle = function() {
+    var origin = [ 0, 0 ], angle, precision = 6, interpolate;
+    function circle() {
+      var center = typeof origin === "function" ? origin.apply(this, arguments) : origin, rotate = d3_geo_rotation(-center[0] * d3_radians, -center[1] * d3_radians, 0).invert, ring = [];
+      interpolate(null, null, 1, {
+        point: function(x, y) {
+          ring.push(x = rotate(x, y));
+          x[0] *= d3_degrees, x[1] *= d3_degrees;
+        }
+      });
+      return {
+        type: "Polygon",
+        coordinates: [ ring ]
+      };
     }
+    circle.origin = function(x) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return origin;
+      origin = x;
+      return circle;
+    };
+    circle.angle = function(x) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return angle;
+      interpolate = d3_geo_circleInterpolate((angle = +x) * d3_radians, precision * d3_radians);
+      return circle;
+    };
+    circle.precision = function(_) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return precision;
+      interpolate = d3_geo_circleInterpolate(angle * d3_radians, (precision = +_) * d3_radians);
+      return circle;
+    };
+    return circle.angle(90);
+  };
+  function d3_geo_circleInterpolate(radius, precision) {
+    var cr = Math.cos(radius), sr = Math.sin(radius);
+    return function(from, to, direction, listener) {
+      if (from != null) {
+        from = d3_geo_circleAngle(cr, from);
+        to = d3_geo_circleAngle(cr, to);
+        if (direction > 0 ? from < to : from > to) from += direction * 2 * π;
+      } else {
+        from = radius + direction * 2 * π;
+        to = radius;
+      }
+      var point;
+      for (var step = direction * precision, t = from; direction > 0 ? t > to : t < to; t -= step) {
+        listener.point((point = d3_geo_spherical([ cr, -sr * Math.cos(t), -sr * Math.sin(t) ]))[0], point[1]);
+      }
+    };
   }
-  function d3_geo_pathCentroidLineEnd() {
-    d3_geo_pathCentroid.point = d3_geo_pathCentroidPoint;
+  function d3_geo_circleAngle(cr, point) {
+    var a = d3_geo_cartesian(point);
+    a[0] -= cr;
+    d3_geo_cartesianNormalize(a);
+    var angle = d3_acos(-a[1]);
+    return ((-a[2] < 0 ? -angle : angle) + 2 * Math.PI - ε) % (2 * Math.PI);
   }
-  function d3_geo_pathCentroidRingStart() {
-    var x00, y00, x0, y0;
-    if (d3_geo_centroidDimension < 2) {
-      d3_geo_centroidDimension = 2;
-      d3_geo_centroidX = d3_geo_centroidY = d3_geo_centroidZ = 0;
+  d3.geo.distance = function(a, b) {
+    var Δλ = (b[0] - a[0]) * d3_radians, φ0 = a[1] * d3_radians, φ1 = b[1] * d3_radians, sinΔλ = Math.sin(Δλ), cosΔλ = Math.cos(Δλ), sinφ0 = Math.sin(φ0), cosφ0 = Math.cos(φ0), sinφ1 = Math.sin(φ1), cosφ1 = Math.cos(φ1), t;
+    return Math.atan2(Math.sqrt((t = cosφ1 * sinΔλ) * t + (t = cosφ0 * sinφ1 - sinφ0 * cosφ1 * cosΔλ) * t), sinφ0 * sinφ1 + cosφ0 * cosφ1 * cosΔλ);
+  };
+  d3.geo.graticule = function() {
+    var x1, x0, X1, X0, y1, y0, Y1, Y0, dx = 10, dy = dx, DX = 90, DY = 360, x, y, X, Y, precision = 2.5;
+    function graticule() {
+      return {
+        type: "MultiLineString",
+        coordinates: lines()
+      };
     }
-    d3_geo_pathCentroid.point = function(x, y) {
-      d3_geo_pathCentroid.point = nextPoint;
-      x00 = x0 = x, y00 = y0 = y;
-    };
-    function nextPoint(x, y) {
-      var z = y0 * x - x0 * y;
-      d3_geo_centroidX += z * (x0 + x);
-      d3_geo_centroidY += z * (y0 + y);
-      d3_geo_centroidZ += z * 3;
-      x0 = x, y0 = y;
+    function lines() {
+      return d3.range(Math.ceil(X0 / DX) * DX, X1, DX).map(X).concat(d3.range(Math.ceil(Y0 / DY) * DY, Y1, DY).map(Y)).concat(d3.range(Math.ceil(x0 / dx) * dx, x1, dx).filter(function(x) {
+        return Math.abs(x % DX) > ε;
+      }).map(x)).concat(d3.range(Math.ceil(y0 / dy) * dy, y1, dy).filter(function(y) {
+        return Math.abs(y % DY) > ε;
+      }).map(y));
     }
-    d3_geo_pathCentroid.lineEnd = function() {
-      nextPoint(x00, y00);
+    graticule.lines = function() {
+      return lines().map(function(coordinates) {
+        return {
+          type: "LineString",
+          coordinates: coordinates
+        };
+      });
+    };
+    graticule.outline = function() {
+      return {
+        type: "Polygon",
+        coordinates: [ X(X0).concat(Y(Y1).slice(1), X(X1).reverse().slice(1), Y(Y0).reverse().slice(1)) ]
+      };
+    };
+    graticule.extent = function(_) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return graticule.minorExtent();
+      return graticule.majorExtent(_).minorExtent(_);
+    };
+    graticule.majorExtent = function(_) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return [ [ X0, Y0 ], [ X1, Y1 ] ];
+      X0 = +_[0][0], X1 = +_[1][0];
+      Y0 = +_[0][1], Y1 = +_[1][1];
+      if (X0 > X1) _ = X0, X0 = X1, X1 = _;
+      if (Y0 > Y1) _ = Y0, Y0 = Y1, Y1 = _;
+      return graticule.precision(precision);
+    };
+    graticule.minorExtent = function(_) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return [ [ x0, y0 ], [ x1, y1 ] ];
+      x0 = +_[0][0], x1 = +_[1][0];
+      y0 = +_[0][1], y1 = +_[1][1];
+      if (x0 > x1) _ = x0, x0 = x1, x1 = _;
+      if (y0 > y1) _ = y0, y0 = y1, y1 = _;
+      return graticule.precision(precision);
+    };
+    graticule.step = function(_) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return graticule.minorStep();
+      return graticule.majorStep(_).minorStep(_);
+    };
+    graticule.majorStep = function(_) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return [ DX, DY ];
+      DX = +_[0], DY = +_[1];
+      return graticule;
+    };
+    graticule.minorStep = function(_) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return [ dx, dy ];
+      dx = +_[0], dy = +_[1];
+      return graticule;
+    };
+    graticule.precision = function(_) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return precision;
+      precision = +_;
+      x = d3_geo_graticuleX(y0, y1, 90);
+      y = d3_geo_graticuleY(x0, x1, precision);
+      X = d3_geo_graticuleX(Y0, Y1, 90);
+      Y = d3_geo_graticuleY(X0, X1, precision);
+      return graticule;
+    };
+    return graticule.majorExtent([ [ -180, -90 + ε ], [ 180, 90 - ε ] ]).minorExtent([ [ -180, -80 - ε ], [ 180, 80 + ε ] ]);
+  };
+  function d3_geo_graticuleX(y0, y1, dy) {
+    var y = d3.range(y0, y1 - ε, dy).concat(y1);
+    return function(x) {
+      return y.map(function(y) {
+        return [ x, y ];
+      });
     };
   }
-  function d3_geo_pathContext(context) {
-    var pointRadius = 4.5;
-    var stream = {
-      point: point,
-      lineStart: function() {
-        stream.point = pointLineStart;
-      },
-      lineEnd: lineEnd,
-      polygonStart: function() {
-        stream.lineEnd = lineEndPolygon;
-      },
-      polygonEnd: function() {
-        stream.lineEnd = lineEnd;
-        stream.point = point;
-      },
-      pointRadius: function(_) {
-        pointRadius = _;
-        return stream;
-      },
-      result: d3_noop
+  function d3_geo_graticuleY(x0, x1, dx) {
+    var x = d3.range(x0, x1 - ε, dx).concat(x1);
+    return function(y) {
+      return x.map(function(x) {
+        return [ x, y ];
+      });
     };
-    function point(x, y) {
-      context.moveTo(x, y);
-      context.arc(x, y, pointRadius, 0, 2 * π);
-    }
-    function pointLineStart(x, y) {
-      context.moveTo(x, y);
-      stream.point = pointLine;
-    }
-    function pointLine(x, y) {
-      context.lineTo(x, y);
-    }
-    function lineEnd() {
-      stream.point = point;
-    }
-    function lineEndPolygon() {
-      context.closePath();
-    }
-    return stream;
   }
-  d3.geo.path = function() {
-    var pointRadius = 4.5, projection, context, projectStream, contextStream;
-    function path(object) {
-      if (object) d3.geo.stream(object, projectStream(contextStream.pointRadius(typeof pointRadius === "function" ? +pointRadius.apply(this, arguments) : pointRadius)));
-      return contextStream.result();
+  function d3_source(d) {
+    return d.source;
+  }
+  function d3_target(d) {
+    return d.target;
+  }
+  d3.geo.greatArc = function() {
+    var source = d3_source, source_, target = d3_target, target_;
+    function greatArc() {
+      return {
+        type: "LineString",
+        coordinates: [ source_ || source.apply(this, arguments), target_ || target.apply(this, arguments) ]
+      };
     }
-    path.area = function(object) {
-      d3_geo_pathAreaSum = 0;
-      d3.geo.stream(object, projectStream(d3_geo_pathArea));
-      return d3_geo_pathAreaSum;
-    };
-    path.centroid = function(object) {
-      d3_geo_centroidDimension = d3_geo_centroidX = d3_geo_centroidY = d3_geo_centroidZ = 0;
-      d3.geo.stream(object, projectStream(d3_geo_pathCentroid));
-      return d3_geo_centroidZ ? [ d3_geo_centroidX / d3_geo_centroidZ, d3_geo_centroidY / d3_geo_centroidZ ] : undefined;
+    greatArc.distance = function() {
+      return d3.geo.distance(source_ || source.apply(this, arguments), target_ || target.apply(this, arguments));
     };
-    path.bounds = function(object) {
-      d3_geo_pathBoundsX1 = d3_geo_pathBoundsY1 = -(d3_geo_pathBoundsX0 = d3_geo_pathBoundsY0 = Infinity);
-      d3.geo.stream(object, projectStream(d3_geo_pathBounds));
-      return [ [ d3_geo_pathBoundsX0, d3_geo_pathBoundsY0 ], [ d3_geo_pathBoundsX1, d3_geo_pathBoundsY1 ] ];
+    greatArc.source = function(_) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return source;
+      source = _, source_ = typeof _ === "function" ? null : _;
+      return greatArc;
     };
-    path.projection = function(_) {
-      if (!arguments.length) return projection;
-      projectStream = (projection = _) ? _.stream || d3_geo_pathProjectStream(_) : d3_identity;
-      return path;
+    greatArc.target = function(_) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return target;
+      target = _, target_ = typeof _ === "function" ? null : _;
+      return greatArc;
     };
-    path.context = function(_) {
-      if (!arguments.length) return context;
-      contextStream = (context = _) == null ? new d3_geo_pathBuffer() : new d3_geo_pathContext(_);
-      return path;
+    greatArc.precision = function() {
+      return arguments.length ? greatArc : 0;
     };
-    path.pointRadius = function(_) {
-      if (!arguments.length) return pointRadius;
-      pointRadius = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : +_;
-      return path;
+    return greatArc;
+  };
+  d3.geo.interpolate = function(source, target) {
+    return d3_geo_interpolate(source[0] * d3_radians, source[1] * d3_radians, target[0] * d3_radians, target[1] * d3_radians);
+  };
+  function d3_geo_interpolate(x0, y0, x1, y1) {
+    var cy0 = Math.cos(y0), sy0 = Math.sin(y0), cy1 = Math.cos(y1), sy1 = Math.sin(y1), kx0 = cy0 * Math.cos(x0), ky0 = cy0 * Math.sin(x0), kx1 = cy1 * Math.cos(x1), ky1 = cy1 * Math.sin(x1), d = 2 * Math.asin(Math.sqrt(d3_haversin(y1 - y0) + cy0 * cy1 * d3_haversin(x1 - x0))), k = 1 / Math.sin(d);
+    var interpolate = d ? function(t) {
+      var B = Math.sin(t *= d) * k, A = Math.sin(d - t) * k, x = A * kx0 + B * kx1, y = A * ky0 + B * ky1, z = A * sy0 + B * sy1;
+      return [ Math.atan2(y, x) * d3_degrees, Math.atan2(z, Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y)) * d3_degrees ];
+    } : function() {
+      return [ x0 * d3_degrees, y0 * d3_degrees ];
     };
-    return path.projection(d3.geo.albersUsa()).context(null);
+    interpolate.distance = d;
+    return interpolate;
+  }
+  d3.geo.length = function(object) {
+    d3_geo_lengthSum = 0;
+    d3.geo.stream(object, d3_geo_length);
+    return d3_geo_lengthSum;
   };
-  function d3_geo_pathProjectStream(project) {
-    var resample = d3_geo_resample(function(λ, φ) {
-      return project([ λ * d3_degrees, φ * d3_degrees ]);
-    });
-    return function(stream) {
-      stream = resample(stream);
-      return {
-        point: function(λ, φ) {
-          stream.point(λ * d3_radians, φ * d3_radians);
-        },
-        sphere: function() {
-          stream.sphere();
-        },
-        lineStart: function() {
-          stream.lineStart();
-        },
-        lineEnd: function() {
-          stream.lineEnd();
-        },
-        polygonStart: function() {
-          stream.polygonStart();
-        },
-        polygonEnd: function() {
-          stream.polygonEnd();
-        }
-      };
+  var d3_geo_lengthSum;
+  var d3_geo_length = {
+    sphere: d3_noop,
+    point: d3_noop,
+    lineStart: d3_geo_lengthLineStart,
+    lineEnd: d3_noop,
+    polygonStart: d3_noop,
+    polygonEnd: d3_noop
+  };
+  function d3_geo_lengthLineStart() {
+    var λ0, sinφ0, cosφ0;
+    d3_geo_length.point = function(λ, φ) {
+      λ0 = λ * d3_radians, sinφ0 = Math.sin(φ *= d3_radians), cosφ0 = Math.cos(φ);
+      d3_geo_length.point = nextPoint;
     };
+    d3_geo_length.lineEnd = function() {
+      d3_geo_length.point = d3_geo_length.lineEnd = d3_noop;
+    };
+    function nextPoint(λ, φ) {
+      var sinφ = Math.sin(φ *= d3_radians), cosφ = Math.cos(φ), t = Math.abs((λ *= d3_radians) - λ0), cosΔλ = Math.cos(t);
+      d3_geo_lengthSum += Math.atan2(Math.sqrt((t = cosφ * Math.sin(t)) * t + (t = cosφ0 * sinφ - sinφ0 * cosφ * cosΔλ) * t), sinφ0 * sinφ + cosφ0 * cosφ * cosΔλ);
+      λ0 = λ, sinφ0 = sinφ, cosφ0 = cosφ;
+    }
   }
   function d3_geo_azimuthal(scale, angle) {
     function azimuthal(λ, φ) {
@@ -3891,6 +4005,7 @@ d3 = function() {
   var d3_svg_lineInterpolators = d3.map({
     linear: d3_svg_lineLinear,
     "linear-closed": d3_svg_lineLinearClosed,
+    step: d3_svg_lineStep,
     "step-before": d3_svg_lineStepBefore,
     "step-after": d3_svg_lineStepAfter,
     basis: d3_svg_lineBasis,
@@ -3912,6 +4027,12 @@ d3 = function() {
   function d3_svg_lineLinearClosed(points) {
     return d3_svg_lineLinear(points) + "Z";
   }
+  function d3_svg_lineStep(points) {
+    var i = 0, n = points.length, p = points[0], path = [ p[0], ",", p[1] ];
+    while (++i < n) path.push("H", (p[0] + (p = points[i])[0]) / 2, "V", p[1]);
+    if (n > 1) path.push("H", p[0]);
+    return path.join("");
+  }
   function d3_svg_lineStepBefore(points) {
     var i = 0, n = points.length, p = points[0], path = [ p[0], ",", p[1] ];
     while (++i < n) path.push("V", (p = points[i])[1], "H", p[0]);
@@ -4249,15 +4370,15 @@ d3 = function() {
     return triangles;
   };
   d3.geom.voronoi = function(points) {
-    var size = null, x = d3_svg_lineX, y = d3_svg_lineY, clip;
+    var x = d3_svg_lineX, y = d3_svg_lineY, clipPolygon = null;
     if (arguments.length) return voronoi(points);
     function voronoi(data) {
       var points, polygons = data.map(function() {
         return [];
       }), fx = d3_functor(x), fy = d3_functor(y), d, i, n = data.length, Z = 1e6;
-      if (fx === d3_svg_lineX && fy === d3_svg_lineY) points = data; else for (points = [], 
+      if (fx === d3_svg_lineX && fy === d3_svg_lineY) points = data; else for (points = new Array(n), 
       i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        points.push([ +fx.call(this, d = data[i], i), +fy.call(this, d, i) ]);
+        points[i] = [ +fx.call(this, d = data[i], i), +fy.call(this, d, i) ];
       }
       d3_geom_voronoiTessellate(points, function(e) {
         var s1, s2, x1, x2, y1, y2;
@@ -4316,7 +4437,7 @@ d3 = function() {
           }
         }
       });
-      if (clip) for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) clip(polygons[i]);
+      if (clipPolygon) for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) clipPolygon.clip(polygons[i]);
       for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) polygons[i].point = data[i];
       return polygons;
     }
@@ -4326,22 +4447,25 @@ d3 = function() {
     voronoi.y = function(_) {
       return arguments.length ? (y = _, voronoi) : y;
     };
-    voronoi.size = function(_) {
-      if (!arguments.length) return size;
-      if (_ == null) {
-        clip = null;
-      } else {
-        size = [ +_[0], +_[1] ];
-        clip = d3.geom.polygon([ [ 0, 0 ], [ 0, size[1] ], size, [ size[0], 0 ] ]).clip;
+    voronoi.clipExtent = function(_) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return clipPolygon && [ clipPolygon[0], clipPolygon[2] ];
+      if (_ == null) clipPolygon = null; else {
+        var x1 = +_[0][0], y1 = +_[0][1], x2 = +_[1][0], y2 = +_[1][1];
+        clipPolygon = d3.geom.polygon([ [ x1, y1 ], [ x1, y2 ], [ x2, y2 ], [ x2, y1 ] ]);
       }
       return voronoi;
     };
+    voronoi.size = function(_) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return clipPolygon && clipPolygon[2];
+      return voronoi.clipExtent(_ && [ [ 0, 0 ], _ ]);
+    };
     voronoi.links = function(data) {
       var points, graph = data.map(function() {
         return [];
       }), links = [], fx = d3_functor(x), fy = d3_functor(y), d, i, n = data.length;
-      if (fx === d3_svg_lineX && fy === d3_svg_lineY) points = data; else for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        points.push([ +fx.call(this, d = data[i], i), +fy.call(this, d, i) ]);
+      if (fx === d3_svg_lineX && fy === d3_svg_lineY) points = data; else for (points = new Array(n), 
+      i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        points[i] = [ +fx.call(this, d = data[i], i), +fy.call(this, d, i) ];
       }
       d3_geom_voronoiTessellate(points, function(e) {
         var l = e.region.l.index, r = e.region.r.index;
@@ -4356,11 +4480,9 @@ d3 = function() {
     };
     voronoi.triangles = function(data) {
       if (x === d3_svg_lineX && y === d3_svg_lineY) return d3.geom.delaunay(data);
-      var points, point, fx = d3_functor(x), fy = d3_functor(y), d, i, n;
-      for (i = 0, points = [], n = data.length; i < n; ++i) {
-        point = [ +fx.call(this, d = data[i], i), +fy.call(this, d, i) ];
-        point.data = d;
-        points.push(point);
+      var points = new Array(n), fx = d3_functor(x), fy = d3_functor(y), d, i = -1, n = data.length;
+      while (++i < n) {
+        (points[i] = [ +fx.call(this, d = data[i], i), +fy.call(this, d, i) ]).data = d;
       }
       return d3.geom.delaunay(points).map(function(triangle) {
         return triangle.map(function(point) {
@@ -4735,14 +4857,15 @@ d3 = function() {
     quadtree.y = function(_) {
       return arguments.length ? (y = _, quadtree) : y;
     };
+    quadtree.extent = function(_) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return x1 == null ? null : [ [ x1, y1 ], [ x2, y2 ] ];
+      if (_ == null) x1 = y1 = x2 = y2 = null; else x1 = +_[0][0], y1 = +_[0][1], x2 = +_[1][0], 
+      y2 = +_[1][1];
+      return quadtree;
+    };
     quadtree.size = function(_) {
-      if (!arguments.length) return x1 == null ? null : [ x2, y2 ];
-      if (_ == null) {
-        x1 = y1 = x2 = y2 = null;
-      } else {
-        x1 = y1 = 0;
-        x2 = +_[0], y2 = +_[1];
-      }
+      if (!arguments.length) return x1 == null ? null : [ x2 - x1, y2 - y1 ];
+      if (_ == null) x1 = y1 = x2 = y2 = null; else x1 = y1 = 0, x2 = +_[0], y2 = +_[1];
       return quadtree;
     };
     return quadtree;
@@ -5930,7 +6053,7 @@ d3 = function() {
     return [ d3.min(values), d3.max(values) ];
   }
   d3.layout.tree = function() {
-    var hierarchy = d3.layout.hierarchy().sort(null).value(null), separation = d3_layout_treeSeparation, size = [ 1, 1 ];
+    var hierarchy = d3.layout.hierarchy().sort(null).value(null), separation = d3_layout_treeSeparation, size = [ 1, 1 ], nodeSize = false;
     function tree(d, i) {
       var nodes = hierarchy.call(this, d, i), root = nodes[0];
       function firstWalk(node, previousSibling) {
@@ -6011,7 +6134,11 @@ d3 = function() {
       firstWalk(root);
       secondWalk(root, -root._tree.prelim);
       var left = d3_layout_treeSearch(root, d3_layout_treeLeftmost), right = d3_layout_treeSearch(root, d3_layout_treeRightmost), deep = d3_layout_treeSearch(root, d3_layout_treeDeepest), x0 = left.x - separation(left, right) / 2, x1 = right.x + separation(right, left) / 2, y1 = deep.depth || 1;
-      d3_layout_treeVisitAfter(root, function(node) {
+      d3_layout_treeVisitAfter(root, nodeSize ? function(node) {
+        node.x *= size[0];
+        node.y = node.depth * size[1];
+        delete node._tree;
+      } : function(node) {
         node.x = (node.x - x0) / (x1 - x0) * size[0];
         node.y = node.depth / y1 * size[1];
         delete node._tree;
@@ -6024,8 +6151,13 @@ d3 = function() {
       return tree;
     };
     tree.size = function(x) {
-      if (!arguments.length) return size;
-      size = x;
+      if (!arguments.length) return nodeSize ? null : size;
+      nodeSize = (size = x) == null;
+      return tree;
+    };
+    tree.nodeSize = function(x) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return nodeSize ? size : null;
+      nodeSize = (size = x) != null;
       return tree;
     };
     return d3_layout_hierarchyRebind(tree, hierarchy);
@@ -6100,18 +6232,16 @@ d3 = function() {
     return vim._tree.ancestor.parent == node.parent ? vim._tree.ancestor : ancestor;
   }
   d3.layout.pack = function() {
-    var hierarchy = d3.layout.hierarchy().sort(d3_layout_packSort), padding = 0, size = [ 1, 1 ];
+    var hierarchy = d3.layout.hierarchy().sort(d3_layout_packSort), padding = 0, size = [ 1, 1 ], radius;
     function pack(d, i) {
-      var nodes = hierarchy.call(this, d, i), root = nodes[0];
-      root.x = 0;
-      root.y = 0;
+      var nodes = hierarchy.call(this, d, i), root = nodes[0], w = size[0], h = size[1], r = radius || Math.sqrt;
+      root.x = root.y = 0;
       d3_layout_treeVisitAfter(root, function(d) {
-        d.r = Math.sqrt(d.value);
+        d.r = r(d.value);
       });
       d3_layout_treeVisitAfter(root, d3_layout_packSiblings);
-      var w = size[0], h = size[1], k = Math.max(2 * root.r / w, 2 * root.r / h);
-      if (padding > 0) {
-        var dr = padding * k / 2;
+      if (padding) {
+        var dr = padding * (radius ? 1 : Math.max(2 * root.r / w, 2 * root.r / h)) / 2;
         d3_layout_treeVisitAfter(root, function(d) {
           d.r += dr;
         });
@@ -6119,14 +6249,18 @@ d3 = function() {
         d3_layout_treeVisitAfter(root, function(d) {
           d.r -= dr;
         });
-        k = Math.max(2 * root.r / w, 2 * root.r / h);
       }
-      d3_layout_packTransform(root, w / 2, h / 2, 1 / k);
+      d3_layout_packTransform(root, w / 2, h / 2, radius ? 1 : 1 / Math.max(2 * root.r / w, 2 * root.r / h));
       return nodes;
     }
-    pack.size = function(x) {
+    pack.size = function(_) {
       if (!arguments.length) return size;
-      size = x;
+      size = _;
+      return pack;
+    };
+    pack.radius = function(_) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return radius;
+      radius = _;
       return pack;
     };
     pack.padding = function(_) {
@@ -6152,7 +6286,7 @@ d3 = function() {
   }
   function d3_layout_packIntersects(a, b) {
     var dx = b.x - a.x, dy = b.y - a.y, dr = a.r + b.r;
-    return dr * dr - dx * dx - dy * dy > .001;
+    return .999 * dr * dr > dx * dx + dy * dy;
   }
   function d3_layout_packSiblings(node) {
     if (!(nodes = node.children) || !(n = nodes.length)) return;
@@ -6250,7 +6384,7 @@ d3 = function() {
     }
   }
   d3.layout.cluster = function() {
-    var hierarchy = d3.layout.hierarchy().sort(null).value(null), separation = d3_layout_treeSeparation, size = [ 1, 1 ];
+    var hierarchy = d3.layout.hierarchy().sort(null).value(null), separation = d3_layout_treeSeparation, size = [ 1, 1 ], nodeSize = false;
     function cluster(d, i) {
       var nodes = hierarchy.call(this, d, i), root = nodes[0], previousNode, x = 0;
       d3_layout_treeVisitAfter(root, function(node) {
@@ -6265,7 +6399,10 @@ d3 = function() {
         }
       });
       var left = d3_layout_clusterLeft(root), right = d3_layout_clusterRight(root), x0 = left.x - separation(left, right) / 2, x1 = right.x + separation(right, left) / 2;
-      d3_layout_treeVisitAfter(root, function(node) {
+      d3_layout_treeVisitAfter(root, nodeSize ? function(node) {
+        node.x = (node.x - root.x) * size[0];
+        node.y = (root.y - node.y) * size[1];
+      } : function(node) {
         node.x = (node.x - x0) / (x1 - x0) * size[0];
         node.y = (1 - (root.y ? node.y / root.y : 1)) * size[1];
       });
@@ -6277,8 +6414,13 @@ d3 = function() {
       return cluster;
     };
     cluster.size = function(x) {
-      if (!arguments.length) return size;
-      size = x;
+      if (!arguments.length) return nodeSize ? null : size;
+      nodeSize = (size = x) == null;
+      return cluster;
+    };
+    cluster.nodeSize = function(x) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return nodeSize ? size : null;
+      nodeSize = (size = x) != null;
       return cluster;
     };
     return d3_layout_hierarchyRebind(cluster, hierarchy);
@@ -6522,12 +6664,24 @@ d3 = function() {
       dx = i0, i0 = i1, i1 = dx;
       dx = x0, x0 = x1, x1 = dx;
     }
-    if (nice = nice(x1 - x0)) {
-      domain[i0] = nice.floor(x0);
-      domain[i1] = nice.ceil(x1);
-    }
+    domain[i0] = nice.floor(x0);
+    domain[i1] = nice.ceil(x1);
     return domain;
   }
+  function d3_scale_niceStep(step) {
+    return step ? {
+      floor: function(x) {
+        return Math.floor(x / step) * step;
+      },
+      ceil: function(x) {
+        return Math.ceil(x / step) * step;
+      }
+    } : d3_scale_niceIdentity;
+  }
+  var d3_scale_niceIdentity = {
+    floor: d3_identity,
+    ceil: d3_identity
+  };
   function d3_scale_polylinear(domain, range, uninterpolate, interpolate) {
     var u = [], i = [], j = 0, k = Math.min(domain.length, range.length) - 1;
     if (domain[k] < domain[0]) {
@@ -6589,8 +6743,8 @@ d3 = function() {
     scale.tickFormat = function(m, format) {
       return d3_scale_linearTickFormat(domain, m, format);
     };
-    scale.nice = function() {
-      d3_scale_nice(domain, d3_scale_linearNice);
+    scale.nice = function(m) {
+      d3_scale_linearNice(domain, m);
       return rescale();
     };
     scale.copy = function() {
@@ -6601,16 +6755,12 @@ d3 = function() {
   function d3_scale_linearRebind(scale, linear) {
     return d3.rebind(scale, linear, "range", "rangeRound", "interpolate", "clamp");
   }
-  function d3_scale_linearNice(dx) {
-    dx = Math.pow(10, Math.round(Math.log(dx) / Math.LN10) - 1);
-    return dx && {
-      floor: function(x) {
-        return Math.floor(x / dx) * dx;
-      },
-      ceil: function(x) {
-        return Math.ceil(x / dx) * dx;
-      }
-    };
+  function d3_scale_linearNice(domain, m) {
+    return d3_scale_nice(domain, d3_scale_niceStep(m ? d3_scale_linearTickRange(domain, m)[2] : d3_scale_linearNiceStep(domain)));
+  }
+  function d3_scale_linearNiceStep(domain) {
+    var extent = d3_scaleExtent(domain), span = extent[1] - extent[0];
+    return Math.pow(10, Math.round(Math.log(span) / Math.LN10) - 1);
   }
   function d3_scale_linearTickRange(domain, m) {
     var extent = d3_scaleExtent(domain), span = extent[1] - extent[0], step = Math.pow(10, Math.floor(Math.log(span / m) / Math.LN10)), err = m / span * step;
@@ -6652,7 +6802,23 @@ d3 = function() {
       return scale;
     };
     scale.nice = function() {
-      linear.domain(d3_scale_nice(domain, nice).map(log));
+      function floor(x) {
+        return Math.pow(base, Math.floor(Math.log(x) / Math.log(base)));
+      }
+      function ceil(x) {
+        return Math.pow(base, Math.ceil(Math.log(x) / Math.log(base)));
+      }
+      linear.domain(d3_scale_nice(domain, log === d3_scale_logp ? {
+        floor: floor,
+        ceil: ceil
+      } : {
+        floor: function(x) {
+          return -ceil(-x);
+        },
+        ceil: function(x) {
+          return -floor(-x);
+        }
+      }).map(log));
       return scale;
     };
     scale.ticks = function() {
@@ -6673,8 +6839,8 @@ d3 = function() {
       return ticks;
     };
     scale.tickFormat = function(n, format) {
-      if (arguments.length < 2) format = d3_scale_logFormat;
-      if (!arguments.length) return format;
+      if (!arguments.length) return d3_scale_logFormat;
+      if (arguments.length < 2) format = d3_scale_logFormat; else if (typeof format !== "function") format = d3.format(format);
       var b = Math.log(base), k = Math.max(.1, n / scale.ticks().length), f = log === d3_scale_logn ? (e = -1e-12, 
       Math.floor) : (e = 1e-12, Math.ceil), e;
       return function(d) {
@@ -6684,25 +6850,6 @@ d3 = function() {
     scale.copy = function() {
       return d3_scale_log(linear.copy(), base, log, pow, domain);
     };
-    function nice() {
-      return log === d3_scale_logp ? {
-        floor: floor,
-        ceil: ceil
-      } : {
-        floor: function(x) {
-          return -ceil(-x);
-        },
-        ceil: function(x) {
-          return -floor(-x);
-        }
-      };
-    }
-    function floor(x) {
-      return Math.pow(base, Math.floor(Math.log(x) / Math.log(base)));
-    }
-    function ceil(x) {
-      return Math.pow(base, Math.ceil(Math.log(x) / Math.log(base)));
-    }
     return d3_scale_linearRebind(scale, linear);
   }
   var d3_scale_logFormat = d3.format(".0e");
@@ -6740,8 +6887,8 @@ d3 = function() {
     scale.tickFormat = function(m, format) {
       return d3_scale_linearTickFormat(domain, m, format);
     };
-    scale.nice = function() {
-      return scale.domain(d3_scale_nice(domain, d3_scale_linearNice));
+    scale.nice = function(m) {
+      return scale.domain(d3_scale_linearNice(domain, m));
     };
     scale.exponent = function(x) {
       if (!arguments.length) return exponent;
@@ -6923,6 +7070,11 @@ d3 = function() {
     scale.copy = function() {
       return d3_scale_quantize(x0, x1, range);
     };
+    scale.invertExtent = function(y) {
+      y = range.indexOf(y);
+      y = y < 0 ? NaN : y / kx + x0;
+      return [ y, y + 1 / kx ];
+    };
     return rescale();
   }
   d3.scale.threshold = function() {
@@ -6942,6 +7094,10 @@ d3 = function() {
       range = _;
       return scale;
     };
+    scale.invertExtent = function(y) {
+      y = range.indexOf(y);
+      return [ domain[y - 1], domain[y] ];
+    };
     scale.copy = function() {
       return d3_scale_threshold(domain, range);
     };
@@ -7567,7 +7723,7 @@ d3 = function() {
         var g = d3.select(this);
         var ticks = tickValues == null ? scale.ticks ? scale.ticks.apply(scale, tickArguments_) : scale.domain() : tickValues, tickFormat = tickFormat_ == null ? scale.tickFormat ? scale.tickFormat.apply(scale, tickArguments_) : String : tickFormat_;
         var subticks = d3_svg_axisSubdivide(scale, ticks, tickSubdivide), subtick = g.selectAll(".tick.minor").data(subticks, String), subtickEnter = subtick.enter().insert("line", ".tick").attr("class", "tick minor").style("opacity", 1e-6), subtickExit = d3.transition(subtick.exit()).style("opacity", 1e-6).remove(), subtickUpdate = d3.transition(subtick).style("opacity", 1);
-        var tick = g.selectAll(".tick.major").data(ticks, String), tickEnter = tick.enter().insert("g", "path").attr("class", "tick major").style("opacity", 1e-6), tickExit = d3.transition(tick.exit()).style("opacity", 1e-6).remove(), tickUpdate = d3.transition(tick).style("opacity", 1), tickTransform;
+        var tick = g.selectAll(".tick.major").data(ticks, String), tickEnter = tick.enter().insert("g", ".domain").attr("class", "tick major").style("opacity", 1e-6), tickExit = d3.transition(tick.exit()).style("opacity", 1e-6).remove(), tickUpdate = d3.transition(tick).style("opacity", 1), tickTransform;
         var range = d3_scaleRange(scale), path = g.selectAll(".domain").data([ 0 ]), pathUpdate = (path.enter().append("path").attr("class", "domain"), 
         d3.transition(path));
         var scale1 = scale.copy(), scale0 = this.__chart__ || scale1;
@@ -7727,7 +7883,7 @@ d3 = function() {
     return subticks;
   }
   d3.svg.brush = function() {
-    var event = d3_eventDispatch(brush, "brushstart", "brush", "brushend"), x = null, y = null, resizes = d3_svg_brushResizes[0], extent = [ [ 0, 0 ], [ 0, 0 ] ], extentDomain;
+    var event = d3_eventDispatch(brush, "brushstart", "brush", "brushend"), x = null, y = null, resizes = d3_svg_brushResizes[0], extent = [ [ 0, 0 ], [ 0, 0 ] ], clamp = [ true, true ], extentDomain;
     function brush(g) {
       g.each(function() {
         var g = d3.select(this), bg = g.selectAll(".background").data([ 0 ]), fg = g.selectAll(".extent").data([ 0 ]), tz = g.selectAll(".resize").data(resizes, String), e;
@@ -7848,7 +8004,7 @@ d3 = function() {
           r0 -= position;
           r1 -= size + position;
         }
-        min = Math.max(r0, Math.min(r1, point[i]));
+        min = clamp[i] ? Math.max(r0, Math.min(r1, point[i])) : point[i];
         if (dragging) {
           max = (min += position) + size;
         } else {
@@ -7890,6 +8046,11 @@ d3 = function() {
       resizes = d3_svg_brushResizes[!x << 1 | !y];
       return brush;
     };
+    brush.clamp = function(z) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return x && y ? clamp : clamp[+!x];
+      if (x && y) clamp = [ !!z[0], !!z[1] ]; else clamp[+!x] = !!z;
+      return brush;
+    };
     brush.extent = function(z) {
       var x0, x1, y0, y1, t;
       if (!arguments.length) {
@@ -8094,7 +8255,7 @@ d3 = function() {
   d3.time.years = d3.time.year.range;
   d3.time.years.utc = d3.time.year.utc.range;
   d3.time.day = d3_time_interval(function(date) {
-    var day = new d3_time(1970, 0);
+    var day = new d3_time(2e3, 0);
     day.setFullYear(date.getFullYear(), date.getMonth(), date.getDate());
     return day;
   }, function(date, offset) {
@@ -8160,7 +8321,10 @@ d3 = function() {
       if (i != string.length) return null;
       if ("p" in d) d.H = d.H % 12 + d.p * 12;
       var date = new d3_time();
-      date.setFullYear(d.y, d.m, d.d);
+      if ("j" in d) date.setFullYear(d.y, 0, d.j); else if ("w" in d && ("W" in d || "U" in d)) {
+        date.setFullYear(d.y, 0, 1);
+        date.setFullYear(d.y, 0, "W" in d ? (d.w + 6) % 7 + d.W * 7 - (date.getDay() + 5) % 7 : d.w + d.U * 7 - (date.getDay() + 6) % 7);
+      } else date.setFullYear(d.y, d.m, d.d);
       date.setHours(d.H, d.M, d.S, d.L);
       return date;
     };
@@ -8192,11 +8356,10 @@ d3 = function() {
     return map;
   }
   function d3_time_formatPad(value, fill, width) {
-    value += "";
-    var length = value.length;
-    return length < width ? new Array(width - length + 1).join(fill) + value : value;
+    var sign = value < 0 ? "-" : "", string = (sign ? -value : value) + "", length = string.length;
+    return sign + (length < width ? new Array(width - length + 1).join(fill) + string : string);
   }
-  var d3_time_dayRe = d3_time_formatRe(d3_time_days), d3_time_dayAbbrevRe = d3_time_formatRe(d3_time_dayAbbreviations), d3_time_monthRe = d3_time_formatRe(d3_time_months), d3_time_monthLookup = d3_time_formatLookup(d3_time_months), d3_time_monthAbbrevRe = d3_time_formatRe(d3_time_monthAbbreviations), d3_time_monthAbbrevLookup = d3_time_formatLookup(d3_time_monthAbbreviations);
+  var d3_time_dayRe = d3_time_formatRe(d3_time_days), d3_time_dayLookup = d3_time_formatLookup(d3_time_days), d3_time_dayAbbrevRe = d3_time_formatRe(d3_time_dayAbbreviations), d3_time_dayAbbrevLookup = d3_time_formatLookup(d3_time_dayAbbreviations), d3_time_monthRe = d3_time_formatRe(d3_time_months), d3_time_monthLookup = d3_time_formatLookup(d3_time_months), d3_time_monthAbbrevRe = d3_time_formatRe(d3_time_monthAbbreviations), d3_time_monthAbbrevLookup = d3_time_formatLookup(d3_time_monthAbbreviations), d3_time_percentRe = /^%/;
   var d3_time_formatPads = {
     "-": "",
     _: " ",
@@ -8278,35 +8441,55 @@ d3 = function() {
     e: d3_time_parseDay,
     H: d3_time_parseHour24,
     I: d3_time_parseHour24,
+    j: d3_time_parseDayOfYear,
     L: d3_time_parseMilliseconds,
     m: d3_time_parseMonthNumber,
     M: d3_time_parseMinutes,
     p: d3_time_parseAmPm,
     S: d3_time_parseSeconds,
+    U: d3_time_parseWeekNumberSunday,
+    w: d3_time_parseWeekdayNumber,
+    W: d3_time_parseWeekNumberMonday,
     x: d3_time_parseLocaleDate,
     X: d3_time_parseLocaleTime,
     y: d3_time_parseYear,
-    Y: d3_time_parseFullYear
+    Y: d3_time_parseFullYear,
+    "%": d3_time_parseLiteralPercent
   };
   function d3_time_parseWeekdayAbbrev(date, string, i) {
     d3_time_dayAbbrevRe.lastIndex = 0;
     var n = d3_time_dayAbbrevRe.exec(string.substring(i));
-    return n ? i += n[0].length : -1;
+    return n ? (date.w = d3_time_dayAbbrevLookup.get(n[0].toLowerCase()), i + n[0].length) : -1;
   }
   function d3_time_parseWeekday(date, string, i) {
     d3_time_dayRe.lastIndex = 0;
     var n = d3_time_dayRe.exec(string.substring(i));
-    return n ? i += n[0].length : -1;
+    return n ? (date.w = d3_time_dayLookup.get(n[0].toLowerCase()), i + n[0].length) : -1;
+  }
+  function d3_time_parseWeekdayNumber(date, string, i) {
+    d3_time_numberRe.lastIndex = 0;
+    var n = d3_time_numberRe.exec(string.substring(i, i + 1));
+    return n ? (date.w = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;
+  }
+  function d3_time_parseWeekNumberSunday(date, string, i) {
+    d3_time_numberRe.lastIndex = 0;
+    var n = d3_time_numberRe.exec(string.substring(i));
+    return n ? (date.U = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;
+  }
+  function d3_time_parseWeekNumberMonday(date, string, i) {
+    d3_time_numberRe.lastIndex = 0;
+    var n = d3_time_numberRe.exec(string.substring(i));
+    return n ? (date.W = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;
   }
   function d3_time_parseMonthAbbrev(date, string, i) {
     d3_time_monthAbbrevRe.lastIndex = 0;
     var n = d3_time_monthAbbrevRe.exec(string.substring(i));
-    return n ? (date.m = d3_time_monthAbbrevLookup.get(n[0].toLowerCase()), i += n[0].length) : -1;
+    return n ? (date.m = d3_time_monthAbbrevLookup.get(n[0].toLowerCase()), i + n[0].length) : -1;
   }
   function d3_time_parseMonth(date, string, i) {
     d3_time_monthRe.lastIndex = 0;
     var n = d3_time_monthRe.exec(string.substring(i));
-    return n ? (date.m = d3_time_monthLookup.get(n[0].toLowerCase()), i += n[0].length) : -1;
+    return n ? (date.m = d3_time_monthLookup.get(n[0].toLowerCase()), i + n[0].length) : -1;
   }
   function d3_time_parseLocaleFull(date, string, i) {
     return d3_time_parse(date, d3_time_formats.c.toString(), string, i);
@@ -8320,12 +8503,12 @@ d3 = function() {
   function d3_time_parseFullYear(date, string, i) {
     d3_time_numberRe.lastIndex = 0;
     var n = d3_time_numberRe.exec(string.substring(i, i + 4));
-    return n ? (date.y = +n[0], i += n[0].length) : -1;
+    return n ? (date.y = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;
   }
   function d3_time_parseYear(date, string, i) {
     d3_time_numberRe.lastIndex = 0;
     var n = d3_time_numberRe.exec(string.substring(i, i + 2));
-    return n ? (date.y = d3_time_expandYear(+n[0]), i += n[0].length) : -1;
+    return n ? (date.y = d3_time_expandYear(+n[0]), i + n[0].length) : -1;
   }
   function d3_time_expandYear(d) {
     return d + (d > 68 ? 1900 : 2e3);
@@ -8333,32 +8516,37 @@ d3 = function() {
   function d3_time_parseMonthNumber(date, string, i) {
     d3_time_numberRe.lastIndex = 0;
     var n = d3_time_numberRe.exec(string.substring(i, i + 2));
-    return n ? (date.m = n[0] - 1, i += n[0].length) : -1;
+    return n ? (date.m = n[0] - 1, i + n[0].length) : -1;
   }
   function d3_time_parseDay(date, string, i) {
     d3_time_numberRe.lastIndex = 0;
     var n = d3_time_numberRe.exec(string.substring(i, i + 2));
-    return n ? (date.d = +n[0], i += n[0].length) : -1;
+    return n ? (date.d = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;
+  }
+  function d3_time_parseDayOfYear(date, string, i) {
+    d3_time_numberRe.lastIndex = 0;
+    var n = d3_time_numberRe.exec(string.substring(i, i + 3));
+    return n ? (date.j = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;
   }
   function d3_time_parseHour24(date, string, i) {
     d3_time_numberRe.lastIndex = 0;
     var n = d3_time_numberRe.exec(string.substring(i, i + 2));
-    return n ? (date.H = +n[0], i += n[0].length) : -1;
+    return n ? (date.H = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;
   }
   function d3_time_parseMinutes(date, string, i) {
     d3_time_numberRe.lastIndex = 0;
     var n = d3_time_numberRe.exec(string.substring(i, i + 2));
-    return n ? (date.M = +n[0], i += n[0].length) : -1;
+    return n ? (date.M = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;
   }
   function d3_time_parseSeconds(date, string, i) {
     d3_time_numberRe.lastIndex = 0;
     var n = d3_time_numberRe.exec(string.substring(i, i + 2));
-    return n ? (date.S = +n[0], i += n[0].length) : -1;
+    return n ? (date.S = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;
   }
   function d3_time_parseMilliseconds(date, string, i) {
     d3_time_numberRe.lastIndex = 0;
     var n = d3_time_numberRe.exec(string.substring(i, i + 3));
-    return n ? (date.L = +n[0], i += n[0].length) : -1;
+    return n ? (date.L = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;
   }
   var d3_time_numberRe = /^\s*\d+/;
   function d3_time_parseAmPm(date, string, i) {
@@ -8373,6 +8561,11 @@ d3 = function() {
     var z = d.getTimezoneOffset(), zs = z > 0 ? "-" : "+", zh = ~~(Math.abs(z) / 60), zm = Math.abs(z) % 60;
     return zs + d3_time_formatPad(zh, "0", 2) + d3_time_formatPad(zm, "0", 2);
   }
+  function d3_time_parseLiteralPercent(date, string, i) {
+    d3_time_percentRe.lastIndex = 0;
+    var n = d3_time_percentRe.exec(string.substring(i, i + 1));
+    return n ? i + n[0].length : -1;
+  }
   d3.time.format.utc = function(template) {
     var local = d3.time.format(template);
     function format(date) {
@@ -8459,9 +8652,7 @@ d3 = function() {
       return scale;
     };
     scale.nice = function(m) {
-      return scale.domain(d3_scale_nice(scale.domain(), function() {
-        return m;
-      }));
+      return scale.domain(d3_scale_nice(scale.domain(), m));
     };
     scale.ticks = function(m, k) {
       var extent = d3_scaleExtent(scale.domain());