cztop 1.1.1 → 1.2.0

checksums.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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data/CHANGES.md

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+1.2.0 (1/7/2024)
+-----
+* refactor waiting for socket readability/writability
+* fix ROUTER socket hanging in busy loop if ZMQ_ROUTER_MANDATORY flag is set and sending a message while no peers are connected
+* same for unconnected CLIENT sockets
+* slim down packaged gem
+* modernize examples
+* require Ruby 3.2
+* some exceptions changed from EAGAIN to IO::TimeoutError
+* Certificate.load and .new_from raise NotImplementedError if CURVE is not available
+
+1.1.2 (1/5/2024)
+-----
+* refactor to make code Fiber Scheduler agnostic
+* remove Async::IO::CZTopSocket
+
 1.1.1 (1/4/2024)
 -----
 * speed up Async::IO#wait_readable and #wait_writable

data/README.md

@@ -13,22 +13,22 @@ mechanisms (like CURVE).
 
 ## Example with Async
 
+See [this example](https://github.com/paddor/cztop/blob/master/examples/async.rb):
+
 ```ruby
 #! /usr/bin/env ruby
 
-require 'cztop/async'
+require 'cztop'
 
 Async do |task|
   task.async do |t|
     socket = CZTop::Socket::REP.new("inproc://req_rep_example")
-    io     = Async::IO.try_convert socket
-
     socket.options.rcvtimeo = 50 # ms
 
     loop do
-      msg = io.receive
+      msg = socket.receive
       puts "<<< #{msg.to_a.inspect}"
-      io << msg.to_a.map(&:upcase)
+      socket << msg.to_a.map(&:upcase)
     rescue IO::TimeoutError
       break
     end
@@ -38,11 +38,10 @@ Async do |task|
 
   task.async do
     socket = CZTop::Socket::REQ.new("inproc://req_rep_example")
-    io     = Async::IO.try_convert socket
 
     10.times do |i|
-      io << "foobar ##{i}"
-      msg = io.receive
+      socket << "foobar ##{i}"
+      msg = socket.receive
       puts ">>> #{msg.to_a.inspect}"
     end
 
@@ -54,6 +53,8 @@ end
 
 Output:
 ```
+$ cd examples
+$ time ./async.rb
 <<< ["foobar #0"]
 >>> ["FOOBAR #0"]
 <<< ["foobar #1"]
@@ -76,61 +77,20 @@ Output:
 >>> ["FOOBAR #9"]
 REQ done.
 REP done.
-0.46user 0.09system 0:00.60elapsed 90%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 47296maxresident)k
-0inputs+0outputs (0major+13669minor)pagefaults 0swaps
-```
-
-## Overview
-
-### Class Hierarchy
 
-Here's an overview of the core classes:
+________________________________________________________
+Executed in  401.51 millis    fish           external
+   usr time  308.44 millis  605.00 micros  307.83 millis
+   sys time   40.08 millis  278.00 micros   39.81 millis
 
-* [CZTop](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop)
-  * [Actor](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop)
-  * [Authenticator](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Authenticator)
-  * [Beacon](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Beacon)
-  * [Certificate](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Certificate)
-  * [CertStore](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/CertStore)
-  * [Config](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Config)
-  * [Frame](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Frame)
-  * [Message](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Message)
-  * [Monitor](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Monitor)
-  * [Metadata](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Metadata)
-  * [Proxy](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Proxy)
-  * [Poller](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Poller) (based on `zmq_poller_*()` functions)
-    * [Aggregated](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Poller/Aggregated)
-    * [ZPoller](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Poller/ZPoller)
-  * [Socket](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket)
-    * [REQ](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/REQ) < Socket
-    * [REP](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/REP) < Socket
-    * [ROUTER](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/ROUTER) < Socket
-    * [DEALER](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/DEALER) < Socket
-    * [PUSH](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/PUSH) < Socket
-    * [PULL](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/PULL) < Socket
-    * [PUB](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/PUB) < Socket
-    * [SUB](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/SUB) < Socket
-    * [XPUB](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/XPUB) < Socket
-    * [XSUB](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/XSUB) < Socket
-    * [PAIR](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/PAIR) < Socket
-    * [STREAM](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/STREAM) < Socket
-    * [CLIENT](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/CLIENT) < Socket
-    * [SERVER](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/SERVER) < Socket
-    * [RADIO](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/RADIO) < Socket
-    * [DISH](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/DISH) < Socket
-    * [SCATTER](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/SCATTER) < Socket
-    * [GATHER](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/GATHER) < Socket
-  * [Z85](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Z85)
-    * [Padded](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Z85/Padded) < Z85
-    * [Pipe](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Z85/Pipe)
-  * [ZAP](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/ZAP)
+```
 
-More information in the [API documentation](http://www.rubydoc.info/github/paddor/cztop).
+## Overview
 
 ### Features
 
 * Ruby idiomatic API
-* compatible with [Async](https://github.com/socketry/async) / [Async::IO](https://github.com/socketry/async-io)
+* Fiber Scheduler aware
 * errors as exceptions
 * CURVE security
 * supports CZMQ DRAFT API
@@ -175,6 +135,51 @@ Or install it yourself as:
 
     $ gem install cztop
 
+### Class Hierarchy
+
+Here's an overview of the core classes:
+
+* [CZTop](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop)
+  * [Actor](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop)
+  * [Authenticator](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Authenticator)
+  * [Beacon](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Beacon)
+  * [Certificate](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Certificate)
+  * [CertStore](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/CertStore)
+  * [Config](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Config)
+  * [Frame](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Frame)
+  * [Message](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Message)
+  * [Monitor](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Monitor)
+  * [Metadata](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Metadata)
+  * [Proxy](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Proxy)
+  * [Poller](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Poller) (based on `zmq_poller_*()` functions)
+    * [Aggregated](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Poller/Aggregated)
+    * [ZPoller](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Poller/ZPoller)
+  * [Socket](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket)
+    * [REQ](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/REQ) < Socket
+    * [REP](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/REP) < Socket
+    * [ROUTER](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/ROUTER) < Socket
+    * [DEALER](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/DEALER) < Socket
+    * [PUSH](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/PUSH) < Socket
+    * [PULL](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/PULL) < Socket
+    * [PUB](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/PUB) < Socket
+    * [SUB](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/SUB) < Socket
+    * [XPUB](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/XPUB) < Socket
+    * [XSUB](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/XSUB) < Socket
+    * [PAIR](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/PAIR) < Socket
+    * [STREAM](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/STREAM) < Socket
+    * [CLIENT](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/CLIENT) < Socket
+    * [SERVER](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/SERVER) < Socket
+    * [RADIO](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/RADIO) < Socket
+    * [DISH](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/DISH) < Socket
+    * [SCATTER](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/SCATTER) < Socket
+    * [GATHER](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Socket/GATHER) < Socket
+  * [Z85](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Z85)
+    * [Padded](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Z85/Padded) < Z85
+    * [Pipe](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/Z85/Pipe)
+  * [ZAP](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cztop/CZTop/ZAP)
+
+More information in the [API documentation](http://www.rubydoc.info/github/paddor/cztop).
+
 ## Documentation
 
 The API should be fairly straight-forward to anyone who is familiar with CZMQ

data/cztop.gemspec

@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
   spec.description   = 'CZMQ binding based on the generated low-level FFI bindings of CZMQ'
   spec.homepage      = "https://rubygems.org/gems/cztop"
   spec.license       = "ISC"
-  spec.required_ruby_version = Gem::Requirement.new(">= 3.0.0")
+  spec.required_ruby_version = Gem::Requirement.new(">= 3.2.0")
 
   spec.metadata["homepage_uri"]    = spec.homepage
   spec.metadata["source_code_uri"] = "https://github.com/paddor/cztop"
   spec.metadata["changelog_uri"]   = "https://github.com/paddor/cztop/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md"
 
-  spec.files         = `git ls-files -z`.split("\x0").reject { |f| f.match(%r{^(test|spec|features)/}) }
+  spec.files         = `git ls-files -z`.split("\x0").reject { |f| f.match?(%r{^(\.|Rakefile|spec/|examples/|ci/|perf/)}) }
   spec.bindir        = "exe"
   spec.executables   = spec.files.grep(%r{^exe/}) { |f| File.basename(f) }
   spec.require_paths = ["lib"]
@@ -32,10 +32,8 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
   spec.add_development_dependency "rspec-given", "~> 3.8.0"
   spec.add_development_dependency "pry"
   spec.add_development_dependency "yard"
-  spec.add_development_dependency "rubocop", "~> 1.36.0"
 
   if RUBY_VERSION >= '3.1'
     spec.add_development_dependency "async", ">= 2.0.1"
-    spec.add_development_dependency "async-io"
   end
 end

data/lib/cztop/actor.rb

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ module CZTop
   #
   # = About termination
   # Actors should be terminated explicitly, either by calling {#terminate}
-  # from the current process or sending them the "$TERM" command (from
+  # from the current process or sending them the {TERMINATE} command (from
   # outside). Not terminating them explicitly might make the process block at
   # exit.
   #
@@ -48,12 +48,20 @@ module CZTop
     class DeadActorError < RuntimeError; end
 
 
+    # the command which causes an actor handler to terminate
+    TERMINATE = '$TERM'
+
+
+    # timeout to use when sending the actor a message
+    SEND_TIMEOUT = 20 # ms
+
+
     # @return [Exception] the exception that crashed this actor, if any
     attr_reader :exception
 
 
     # Creates a new actor. Either pass a callback directly or a block. The
-    # block will be called for every received message.
+    # callback/block will be called for every received message.
     #
     # In case the given callback is an FFI::Pointer (to a C function), it's
     # used as-is. It is expected to do the handshake (signal) itself.
@@ -71,8 +79,9 @@ module CZTop
       @callback        = callback || handler
       @callback        = shim(@callback) unless @callback.is_a? ::FFI::Pointer
       ffi_delegate     = Zactor.new(@callback, c_args)
+
       attach_ffi_delegate(ffi_delegate)
-      options.sndtimeo = 20 # ms # see #<<
+      options.sndtimeo = SEND_TIMEOUT # see #<<
     end
 
 
@@ -83,11 +92,11 @@ module CZTop
     # @raise [IO::EAGAINWaitWritable, RuntimeError] anything that could be
     #   raised by {Message#send_to}
     # @note Normally this method is asynchronous, but if the message is
-    #   "$TERM", it blocks until the actor is terminated.
+    #   {TERMINATE}, it blocks until the actor is terminated.
     def <<(message)
       message = Message.coerce(message)
 
-      if TERM == message[0]
+      if TERMINATE == message[0]
         # NOTE: can't just send this to the actor. The sender might call
         # #terminate immediately, which most likely causes a hang due to race
         # conditions.
@@ -99,7 +108,7 @@ module CZTop
 
             message.send_to(self)
           end
-        rescue IO::EAGAINWaitWritable
+        rescue IO::EAGAINWaitWritable, IO::TimeoutError
           # The sndtimeo has been reached.
           #
           # This should fix the race condition (mainly on JRuby) between
@@ -111,9 +120,8 @@ module CZTop
           # at least when using a Ruby handler.
           #
           # In case of a C function handler, it MUST NOT crash and only
-          # terminate when being sent the "$TERM" message using #terminate (so
-          # #await_handler_death can set
-          # @running to false).
+          # terminate when being sent the {TERMINATE} message using #terminate (so
+          # #await_handler_death can set @running to false).
           retry
         end
       end
@@ -138,13 +146,13 @@ module CZTop
     # it.
     # @param message [Message] the request to the actor
     # @return [Message] the actor's response
-    # @raise [ArgumentError] if the message is "$TERM" (use {#terminate})
+    # @raise [ArgumentError] if the message is {TERMINATE} (use {#terminate})
     def request(message)
       @mtx.synchronize do
         raise DeadActorError unless @running
 
         message = Message.coerce(message)
-        raise ArgumentError, 'use #terminate' if TERM == message[0]
+        raise ArgumentError, 'use #terminate' if TERMINATE == message[0]
 
         message.send_to(self)
         Message.receive_from(self)
@@ -189,11 +197,11 @@ module CZTop
       @mtx.synchronize do
         return false unless @running
 
-        Message.new(TERM).send_to(self)
+        Message.new(TERMINATE).send_to(self)
         await_handler_death
         true
       end
-    rescue IO::EAGAINWaitWritable
+    rescue IO::EAGAINWaitWritable, IO::TimeoutError
       # same as in #<<
       retry
     end
@@ -236,8 +244,8 @@ module CZTop
         end
 
         process_messages(handler)
-      rescue Exception
-        @exception = $ERROR_INFO
+      rescue Exception => e
+        @exception = e
       ensure
         signal_shimmed_handler_death
       end
@@ -251,16 +259,12 @@ module CZTop
     end
 
 
-    # the command which causes an actor handler to terminate
-    TERM = '$TERM'
-
-
     # Successively receive messages that were sent to the actor and
     # yield them to the given handler to process them. The a pipe (a
     # {Socket::PAIR} socket) is also passed to the handler so it can send back
     # the result of a command, if needed.
     #
-    # When a message is "$TERM", or when the waiting for a message is
+    # When a message is {TERMINATE}, or when the waiting for a message is
     # interrupted, execution is aborted and the actor will terminate.
     #
     # @param handler [Proc, #call] the handler used to process messages
@@ -274,7 +278,7 @@ module CZTop
         rescue Interrupt
           break
         else
-          break if TERM == message[0]
+          break if TERMINATE == message[0]
         end
 
         handler.call(message, @pipe)
@@ -294,7 +298,7 @@ module CZTop
     #
     # This is needed to avoid the race condition between zactor_destroy()
     # which will wait for a signal from the handler in case it was able to
-    # send the "$TERM" command, and the @callback which might still haven't
+    # send the {TERMINATE} command, and the @callback which might still haven't
     # returned, but doesn't receive any messages anymore.
     #
     # @return [void]

data/lib/cztop/certificate.rb

@@ -8,19 +8,15 @@ module CZTop
     extend CZTop::HasFFIDelegate::ClassMethods
     include ::CZMQ::FFI
 
-    unless ::CZMQ::FFI::Zsys.has_curve
-      def self.new(...)
-        fail NotImplementedError
-      end
-    end
-
-
     # Warns if CURVE security isn't available.
-    # @return [void]
+    # @return [Boolean] whether it's available
     def self.check_curve_availability
-      return if Zsys.has_curve
-
-      warn "CZTop: CURVE isn't available. Consider installing libsodium."
+      if Zsys.has_curve
+        true
+      else
+        warn "CZTop: CURVE isn't available. Consider installing libsodium."
+        false
+      end
     end
 
 
@@ -57,6 +53,18 @@ module CZTop
       from_ffi_delegate(ptr)
     end
 
+    unless ::CZMQ::FFI::Zsys.has_curve
+      def self.new(...)
+        fail NotImplementedError
+      end
+      def self.load(...)
+        fail NotImplementedError
+      end
+      def self.new_from(...)
+        fail NotImplementedError
+      end
+    end
+
 
     # Initialize a new in-memory certificate with random keys.
     def initialize

data/lib/cztop/message.rb

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ module CZTop
     # @raise [IO::EAGAINWaitWritable] if the send timeout has been reached
     #   (see {ZsockOptions::OptionsAccessor#sndtimeo=})
     # @raise [SocketError] if the message can't be routed to the destination
-    #   (either if ROUTER_MANDATORY flag is set on a {Socket::ROUTER} socket
+    #   (either if ZMQ_ROUTER_MANDATORY flag is set on a {Socket::ROUTER} socket
     #   and the peer isn't connected or its SNDHWM is reached (see
     #   {ZsockOptions::OptionsAccessor#router_mandatory=}, or if it's
     #   a {Socket::SERVER} socket and there's no connected CLIENT
@@ -61,6 +61,8 @@ module CZTop
     #   returns with failure. Please report as bug.
     #
     def send_to(destination)
+      destination.wait_writable
+
       rc = Zmsg.send(ffi_delegate, destination)
       return if rc.zero?
 
@@ -79,6 +81,8 @@ module CZTop
     # @raise [SystemCallError] for any other error code set after +zmsg_recv+
     #   returns with failure. Please report as bug.
     def self.receive_from(source)
+      source.wait_readable
+
       delegate = Zmsg.recv(source)
       return from_ffi_delegate(delegate) unless delegate.null?
 

data/lib/cztop/send_receive_methods.rb

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ module CZTop
     # Sends a message.
     #
     # @param message [Message, String, Array<parts>] the message to send
-    # @raise [IO::EAGAINWaitWritable] if send timeout has been reached (see
+    # @raise [IO::EAGAINWaitWritable, IO::TimeoutError] if send timeout has been reached (see
     #   {ZsockOptions::OptionsAccessor#sndtimeo=})
     # @raise [Interrupt, ArgumentError, SystemCallError] anything raised by
     #   {Message#send_to}
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ module CZTop
     # Receives a message.
     #
     # @return [Message]
-    # @raise [IO::EAGAINWaitReadable] if receive timeout has been reached (see
+    # @raise [IO::EAGAINWaitReadable, IO::TimeoutError] if receive timeout has been reached (see
     #   {ZsockOptions::OptionsAccessor#rcvtimeo=})
     # @raise [Interrupt, ArgumentError, SystemCallError] anything raised by
     #   {Message.receive_from}
@@ -35,5 +35,109 @@ module CZTop
       Message.receive_from(self)
     end
 
+
+    JIFFY = 0.015 # 15 ms
+
+
+    # Waits for socket to become readable.
+    # @param timeout [Numeric, nil] timeout in seconds
+    # @return [true] if readable within timeout
+    # @raise [IO::EAGAINWaitReadable, IO::TimeoutError] if timeout has been reached
+    def wait_readable(timeout = read_timeout)
+      return true if readable?
+
+      @fd_io ||= to_io
+
+      if timeout
+        timeout_at = now + timeout
+
+        while true
+          @fd_io.wait_readable(timeout)
+          break if readable? # NOTE: ZMQ FD can't be trusted
+          raise ::IO::TimeoutError if now >= timeout_at
+
+          # HACK for edge case: avoid hogging CPU if FD for socket type doesn't block and just insists
+          sleep JIFFY
+        end
+      else
+        until readable?
+          @fd_io.wait_readable
+
+          # HACK for edge case: avoid hogging CPU if FD for socket type doesn't block and just insists
+          sleep JIFFY
+        end
+      end
+
+      true
+    end
+
+
+    # Waits for socket to become writable.
+    # @param timeout [Numeric, nil] timeout in seconds
+    # @return [true] if writable within timeout
+    # @raise [IO::EAGAINWaitReadable, IO::TimeoutError] if timeout has been reached
+    def wait_writable(timeout = write_timeout)
+      return true if writable?
+
+      @fd_io ||= to_io
+
+      if timeout
+        timeout_at = now + timeout
+
+        while true
+          @fd_io.wait_writable(timeout)
+          break if writable? # NOTE: ZMQ FD can't be trusted
+          raise ::IO::TimeoutError if now >= timeout_at
+
+          # HACK for edge case: avoid hogging CPU if FD for socket type doesn't block and just insists
+          sleep JIFFY
+        end
+      else
+        until writable?
+          @fd_io.wait_writable
+
+          # HACK for edge case: avoid hogging CPU if FD for socket type doesn't block and just insists
+          sleep JIFFY
+        end
+      end
+
+      true
+    end
+
+
+    # @return [Float, nil] the timeout in seconds used by {IO#wait_readable}
+    def read_timeout
+      timeout = options.rcvtimeo
+
+      if timeout <= 0
+        timeout = nil
+      else
+        timeout = timeout.to_f / 1000
+      end
+
+      timeout
+    end
+
+
+    # @return [Float, nil] the timeout in seconds used by {IO#wait_writable}
+    def write_timeout
+      timeout = options.sndtimeo
+
+      if timeout <= 0
+        timeout = nil
+      else
+        timeout = timeout.to_f / 1000
+      end
+
+      timeout
+    end
+
+
+    private
+
+
+    def now
+      Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
+    end
   end
 end

data/lib/cztop/socket/types.rb

@@ -76,6 +76,15 @@ module CZTop
         attach_ffi_delegate(Zsock.new_client(endpoints))
       end
 
+
+      # @raise [SocketError] if no peer is connected
+      def wait_writable(...)
+        if !writable?
+          fail SocketError, "no peer connected"
+        end
+
+        super
+      end
     end
 
 
@@ -160,6 +169,15 @@ module CZTop
         self << message
       end
 
+
+      # @raise [SocketError] if ZMQ_ROUTER_MANDATORY option and message is currently not routable
+      def wait_writable(...)
+        if options.router_mandatory? && !writable?
+          fail SocketError, "no peer connected"
+        end
+
+        super
+      end
     end
 
 

data/lib/cztop/version.rb

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
 
 module CZTop
 
-  VERSION = '1.1.1'
+  VERSION = '1.2.0'
 
 end

data/lib/cztop/zsock_options.rb

@@ -43,6 +43,12 @@ module CZTop
     end
 
 
+    # @return [IO] IO for FD
+    def to_io
+      IO.for_fd fd, autoclose: false
+    end
+
+
     # Used to access the options of a {Socket} or {Actor}.
     class OptionsAccessor
 
@@ -319,11 +325,19 @@ module CZTop
 
       # @!endgroup
 
-      # Accept only routable messages on ROUTER sockets. Default is off.
-      # @param bool [Boolean] whether to error if a message isn't routable
+      # ZMQ_ROUTER_MANDATORY: Accept only routable messages on ROUTER sockets. Default is off.
+      # @param bool [Boolean] whether to raise a SocketError if a message isn't routable
       #   (either if the that peer isn't connected or its SNDHWM is reached)
+      # @see https://libzmq.readthedocs.io/en/latest/zmq_setsockopt.html#_zmq_router_mandatory_accept_only_routable_messages_on_router_sockets
       def router_mandatory=(bool)
         Zsock.set_router_mandatory(@zocket, bool ? 1 : 0)
+        @router_mandatory = bool # NOTE: no way to read this option, so we need to remember
+      end
+
+
+      # @return [Boolean] whether ZMQ_ROUTER_MANDATORY has been set
+      def router_mandatory?
+        @router_mandatory
       end