crea-ruby 0.0.1

data/lib/crea/block_api.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+module Crea
+  # {BlockApi} is used to query values related to the block plugin.  It can also
+  # be used to access a range of multiple blocks by using
+  # {http://www.jsonrpc.org/specification#batch JSON-RPC 2.0 batch} requests.
+  #
+  # Also see: {https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/block-api Block API Definitions}
+  class BlockApi < Api
+    MAX_RANGE_SIZE = 50
+    
+    def initialize(options = {})
+      self.class.api_name = :block_api
+      super
+    end
+    
+    # Uses a batched requst on a range of block headers.
+    #
+    # @param options [Hash] The attributes to get a block range with.
+    # @option options [Range] :block_range starting on one block number and ending on an higher block number.
+    def get_block_headers(options = {block_range: (0..0)}, &block)
+      get_block_objects(options.merge(object: :block_header), block)
+    end
+    
+    # Uses a batched requst on a range of blocks.
+    #
+    # @param options [Hash] The attributes to get a block range with.
+    # @option options [Range] :block_range starting on one block number and ending on an higher block number.
+    def get_blocks(options = {block_range: (0..0)}, &block)
+      get_block_objects(options.merge(object: :block), block)
+    end
+  private
+    def get_block_objects(options = {block_range: (0..0)}, block = nil)
+      object = options[:object]
+      object_method = "get_#{object}".to_sym
+      block_range = options[:block_range] || (0..0)
+      
+      if (start = block_range.first) < 1
+        raise Crea::ArgumentError, "Invalid starting block: #{start}"
+      end
+      
+      chunks = if block_range.size > MAX_RANGE_SIZE
+        block_range.each_slice(MAX_RANGE_SIZE)
+      else
+        [block_range]
+      end
+      
+      for sub_range in chunks do
+        request_object = []
+        
+        for i in sub_range do
+          @rpc_client.put(self.class.api_name, object_method, block_num: i, request_object: request_object)
+        end
+        
+        if !!block
+          index = 0
+          @rpc_client.rpc_batch_execute(request_object: request_object) do |result, error, id|
+            block_num = sub_range.to_a[index]
+            index = index + 1
+            
+            case object
+            when :block_header
+              block.call(result.nil? ? nil : result[:header], block_num)
+            else
+              block.call(result.nil? ? nil : result[object], block_num)
+            end
+          end
+        else
+          blocks = []
+          
+          @rpc_client.rpc_batch_execute(request_object: request_object) do |result, error, id|
+            blocks << result
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      
+      blocks
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/crea/broadcast.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1334 @@
+require 'bitcoin'
+require 'digest'
+require 'time'
+
+module Crea
+  
+  # These class methods make it simple to do things like broacast a {Broadcast#vote}
+  # or {Broadcast#comment} operation.  They accept all of the fields expected by
+  # the blockchain plus the following additional options:
+  # 
+  #     * wif
+  #     * url (optional)
+  #     * database_api (optional)
+  #     * block_api (optional)
+  #     * network_broadcast_api (optional)
+  #     * pretend (optional)
+  # 
+  # These options are not sent in the broadcast.  The `wif` authorities can be
+  # posting, active, and owner.
+  # 
+  # Setting `url` will allow you to specify a different node instead of taking
+  # the default: ({ChainConfig::NETWORKS_CREA_DEFAULT_NODE}).
+  # 
+  # Setting `database_api`, `block_api`, and `network_broadcast_api` is
+  # optional, doing so will allow you to override the default node and/or the
+  # RPC Client.
+  # 
+  # When passing the `pretend` field, if it is set to {::True}, nothing is
+  # broadcasted, but the `wif` is checked for the proper authority.
+  # 
+  # For details on what to pass to these methods, check out the {https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops Crea Developer Portal Broadcast Operations} page.
+  class Broadcast
+    extend Retriable
+    extend Utils
+    
+    DEFAULT_MAX_ACCEPTED_PAYOUT = Type::Amount.new(amount: '1000000000', precision: 3, nai: '@@000000013')
+    
+    # This operation is used to cast a vote on a post/comment.
+    # 
+    #     options = {
+    #       wif: wif,
+    #       params: {
+    #         voter: voter,
+    #         author: author,
+    #         permlink: permlink,
+    #         weight: weight
+    #       }
+    #     }
+    #     
+    #     Crea::Broadcast.vote(options) do |result|
+    #       puts result
+    #     end
+    #
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Posting wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :voter (String)
+    #   * :author (String)
+    #   * :permlink (String)
+    #   * :weight (Number)
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_vote
+    def self.vote(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(voter author permlink weight)
+      params = options[:params]
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      ops = [[:vote, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # Creates a post/comment.  This method simplifies content creation by
+    # combining `comment` and `comment_options` into one transaction.
+    #
+    #     options = {
+    #       wif: wif,
+    #       params: {
+    #         author: author,
+    #         title: 'This is my fancy post title.',
+    #         body: 'This is my fancy post body.',
+    #         metadata: {
+    #           tags: %w(these are my fancy tags)
+    #         } 
+    #       }
+    #     }
+    #     
+    #     Crea::Broadcast.comment(options)
+    #
+    #     options = {
+    #       wif: wif,
+    #       params: {
+    #         author: author,
+    #         title: 'This is my fancy post title.',
+    #         body: 'This is my fancy post body.',
+    #         metadata: {
+    #           tags: %w(these are my fancy tags)
+    #         },
+    #         beneficiaries: [
+    #           {account: "david", weight: 500},
+    #           {account: "erin", weight: 500},
+    #           {account: "faythe", weight: 1000},
+    #           {account: "frank", weight: 500}
+    #         ]
+    #       }
+    #     }
+    #     
+    #     Crea::Broadcast.comment(options)
+    # 
+    # In addition to the above denormalized `comment_options` fields, the author
+    # can also vote for the content in the same transaction by setting `author_vote_weight`:
+    # 
+    #     options = {
+    #       wif: wif,
+    #       params: {
+    #         author: author,
+    #         title: 'This is my fancy post title.',
+    #         body: 'This is my fancy post body.',
+    #         metadata: {
+    #           tags: %w(these are my fancy tags)
+    #         },
+    #         author_vote_weight: 10000
+    #       }
+    #     }
+    #     
+    #     Crea::Broadcast.comment(options)
+    #
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Posting wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :author (String)
+    #   * :title (String) Title of the content.
+    #   * :body (String) Body of the content.
+    #   * :metadata (Hash) Metadata of the content, becomes `json_metadata`.
+    #   * :json_metadata (String) String version of `metadata` (use one or the other).
+    #   * :permlink (String) (automatic) Permlink of the content, defaults to formatted title.
+    #   * :parent_permlink (String) (automatic) Parent permlink of the content, defaults to first tag.
+    #   * :parent_author (String) (optional) Parent author of the content (only used if reply).
+    #   * :max_accepted_payout (String) (1000000.000 CBD) Maximum accepted payout, set to '0.000 CBD' to deline payout
+    #   * :percent_crea_dollars (Numeric) (5000) Percent CREA Dollars is used to set 50/50 or 100% CREA Power
+    #   * :allow_votes (Numeric) (true) Allow votes for this content.
+    #   * :allow_curation_rewards (Numeric) (true) Allow curation rewards for this content.
+    #   * :beneficiaries (Array<Hash>) Sets the beneficiaries of this content.
+    #   * :author_vote_weight (Number) (optional) Cast a vote by the author in the same transaction.
+    #   * :pretend (Boolean) Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_comment
+    def self.comment(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(author body permlink parent_permlink)
+      params = options[:params]
+      
+      if !!params[:metadata] && !!params[:json_metadata]
+        raise Crea::ArgumentError, 'Assign either metadata or json_metadata, not both.'
+      end
+      
+      metadata = params[:metadata] || {}
+      metadata ||= (JSON[params[:json_metadata]] || nil) || {}
+      metadata['app'] ||= Crea::AGENT_ID
+      tags = metadata['tags'] || []
+      params[:parent_permlink] ||= tags.first
+      
+      if !!params[:title]
+        params[:permlink] ||= params[:title].downcase.gsub(/[^a-z0-9\-]+/, '-')
+      end
+      
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      ops = [[:comment, {
+        parent_author: params[:parent_author] || '',
+        parent_permlink: params[:parent_permlink],
+        author: params[:author],
+        permlink: params[:permlink],
+        title: params[:title] || '',
+        body: params[:body],
+        json_metadata: metadata.to_json
+      }]]
+      
+      max_accepted_payout = if params.keys.include? :max_accepted_payout
+        normalize_amount(options.merge amount: params[:max_accepted_payout])
+      else
+        normalize_amount(options.merge amount: DEFAULT_MAX_ACCEPTED_PAYOUT)
+      end
+      
+      allow_votes = if params.keys.include? :allow_votes
+        !!params[:allow_votes]
+      else
+        true
+      end
+      
+      allow_curation_rewards = if params.keys.include? :allow_curation_rewards
+        !!params[:allow_curation_rewards]
+      else
+        true
+      end
+      
+      comment_options = {
+        author: params[:author],
+        permlink: params[:permlink],
+        max_accepted_payout: max_accepted_payout,
+        percent_crea_dollars: params[:percent_crea_dollars] || 10000,
+        # allow_replies: allow_replies,
+        allow_votes: allow_votes,
+        allow_curation_rewards: allow_curation_rewards,
+        extensions: []
+      }
+      
+      if !!params[:beneficiaries]
+        comment_options[:extensions] << [
+          comment_options[:extensions].size,
+          normalize_beneficiaries(options.merge(beneficiaries: params[:beneficiaries]))
+        ]
+      end
+      
+      ops << [:comment_options, comment_options]
+      
+      if !!params[:author_vote_weight]
+        author_vote = {
+          voter: params[:author],
+          author: params[:author],
+          permlink: params[:permlink],
+          weight: params[:author_vote_weight]
+        }
+        
+        ops << [:vote, author_vote]
+      end
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # Deletes a post/comment.
+    # 
+    #     Crea::Broadcast.delete_comment(wif: wif, params: {author: author, permlink: permlink}) do |result|
+    #       puts result
+    #     end
+    # 
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Posting wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :author (String)
+    #   * :permlink (String)
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_delete_comment
+    def self.delete_comment(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(author permlink)
+      params = options[:params]
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      ops = [[:delete_comment, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # Transfers asset from one account to another.
+    # 
+    #     options = {
+    #       wif: wif,
+    #       params: {
+    #         from: from,
+    #         to: to,
+    #         amount: amount,
+    #         memo: memo
+    #       }
+    #     }
+    #     
+    #     Crea::Broadcast.transfer(options) do |result|
+    #       puts result
+    #     end
+    # 
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Active wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :from (String)
+    #   * :to (String)
+    #   * :amount (String)
+    #   * :memo (String)
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_transfer
+    def self.transfer(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(from to amount memo)
+      params = options[:params]
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      params[:amount] = normalize_amount(options.merge amount: params[:amount])
+      
+      ops = [[:transfer, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # This operation converts CREA into VFS (Vesting Fund Shares) at the
+    # current exchange rate.
+    # 
+    #     options = {
+    #       wif: wif,
+    #       params: {
+    #         from: from,
+    #         to: to,
+    #         amount: amount,
+    #       }
+    #     }
+    #     
+    #     Crea::Broadcast.transfer_to_vesting(options) do |result|
+    #       puts result
+    #     end
+    # 
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Active wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :from (String)
+    #   * :to (String)
+    #   * :amount (String)
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_transfer_to_vesting
+    def self.transfer_to_vesting(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(from to amount)
+      params = options[:params]
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      params[:amount] = normalize_amount(options.merge amount: params[:amount])
+      
+      ops = [[:transfer_to_vesting, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # At any given point in time an account can be withdrawing from their
+    # vesting shares.
+    # 
+    #     Crea::Broadcast.withdraw_vesting(wif: wif, params: {account: account, vesting_shares: vesting_shares}) do |result|
+    #       puts result
+    #     end
+    # 
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Active wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :account (String)
+    #   * :vesting_shares (String)
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_withdraw_vesting
+    def self.withdraw_vesting(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(account vesting_shares)
+      params = options[:params]
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      params[:vesting_shares] = normalize_amount(options.merge amount: params[:vesting_shares])
+      
+      ops = [[:withdraw_vesting, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # This operation creates a limit order and matches it against existing open
+    # orders.
+    # 
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Active wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :owner (String)
+    #   * :orderid (String)
+    #   * :amount_to_sell (String)
+    #   * :min_to_receive (String)
+    #   * :fill_or_kill (Boolean)
+    #   * :expiration (String)
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_limit_order_create
+    def self.limit_order_create(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(owner orderid amount_to_sell min_to_receive
+        fill_or_kill)
+      params = options[:params]
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      params[:amount_to_sell] = normalize_amount(options.merge amount: params[:amount_to_sell])
+      params[:min_to_receive] = normalize_amount(options.merge amount: params[:min_to_receive])
+      
+      if !!params[:expiration]
+        params[:expiration] = Time.parse(params[:expiration].to_s)
+        params[:expiration] = params[:expiration].strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S')
+      end
+      
+      ops = [[:limit_order_create, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # Cancels an order and returns the balance to owner.
+    # 
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Active wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :owner (String)
+    #   * :orderid (String)
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_limit_order_cancel
+    def self.limit_order_cancel(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(owner orderid)
+      params = options[:params]
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      ops = [[:limit_order_cancel, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # Feeds can only be published by the top N witnesses which are included in
+    # every round and are used to define the exchange rate between crea and the
+    # dollar.
+    # 
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Active wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :publisher (String)
+    #   * :exchange_rate (Hash)
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_feed_publish
+    def self.feed_publish(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(publisher exchange_rate)
+      params = options[:params]
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      exchange_rate = params[:exchange_rate] rescue nil || {}
+      base = exchange_rate[:base]
+      quote = exchange_rate[:quote]
+      params[:exchange_rate][:base] = normalize_amount(options.merge amount: base)
+      params[:exchange_rate][:quote] = normalize_amount(options.merge amount: quote)
+      
+      ops = [[:feed_publish, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # This operation instructs the blockchain to start a conversion between
+    # CREA and CBD, the funds are deposited after 3.5 days.
+    # 
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Active wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :owner (String)
+    #   * :requestid (String)
+    #   * :amount (String)
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_convert
+    def self.convert(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(owner requestid amount)
+      params = options[:params]
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      params[:amount] = normalize_amount(options.merge amount: params[:amount])
+      
+      ops = [[:convert, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # Create an account.
+    #     options = {
+    #       wif: wif,
+    #       params: {
+    #         fee: '1.000 CREA',
+    #         creator: creator_account_name,
+    #         new_account_name: new_account_name,
+    #         owner: {
+    #           weight_threshold: 1,
+    #           account_auths: [],
+    #           key_auths: [[owner_public_key, 1]],
+    #         },
+    #         active: {
+    #           weight_threshold: 1,
+    #           account_auths: [],
+    #           key_auths: [[active_public_key, 1]],
+    #         },
+    #         posting: {
+    #           weight_threshold: 1,
+    #           account_auths: [],
+    #           key_auths: [[posting_public_key, 1]],
+    #         },
+    #         memo_key: memo_public_key,
+    #         json_metadata: '{}'
+    #       }
+    #     }
+    # 
+    #     Crea::Broadcast.account_create(options)
+    # 
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Active wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :fee (String)
+    #   * :creator (String)
+    #   * :new_account_name (String)
+    #   * :owner (Hash)
+    #   * :active (Hash)
+    #   * :posting (Hash)
+    #   * :memo_key (String)
+    #   * :metadata (Hash) Metadata of the account, becomes `json_metadata`.
+    #   * :json_metadata (String) String version of `metadata` (use one or the other).
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_account_create
+    def self.account_create(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(fee creator new_account_name owner active posting memo_key json_metadata)
+      params = options[:params]
+      
+      if !!params[:metadata] && !!params[:json_metadata]
+        raise Crea::ArgumentError, 'Assign either metadata or json_metadata, not both.'
+      end
+      
+      metadata = params.delete(:metadata) || {}
+      metadata ||= (JSON[params[:json_metadata]] || nil) || {}
+      params[:json_metadata] = metadata.to_json
+      
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      params[:fee] = normalize_amount(options.merge amount: params[:fee])
+      
+      ops = [[:account_create, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # Create a claimed account.
+    #     options = {
+    #       wif: wif,
+    #       params: {
+    #         creator: creator_account_name,
+    #         new_account_name: new_account_name,
+    #         owner: {
+    #           weight_threshold: 1,
+    #           account_auths: [],
+    #           key_auths: [[owner_public_key, 1]],
+    #         },
+    #         active: {
+    #           weight_threshold: 1,
+    #           account_auths: [],
+    #           key_auths: [[active_public_key, 1]],
+    #         },
+    #         posting: {
+    #           weight_threshold: 1,
+    #           account_auths: [],
+    #           key_auths: [[posting_public_key, 1]],
+    #         },
+    #         memo_key: memo_public_key,
+    #         json_metadata: '{}'
+    #       }
+    #     }
+    # 
+    #     Crea::Broadcast.create_claimed_account(options)
+    # 
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Active wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :creator (String)
+    #   * :new_account_name (String)
+    #   * :owner (Hash)
+    #   * :active (Hash)
+    #   * :posting (Hash)
+    #   * :memo_key (String)
+    #   * :metadata (Hash) Metadata of the account, becomes `json_metadata`.
+    #   * :json_metadata (String) String version of `metadata` (use one or the other).
+    #   * :extensions (Array) (optional)
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_create_claimed_account
+    def self.create_claimed_account(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(creator new_account_name owner active posting memo_key json_metadata)
+      params = options[:params]
+      
+      if !!params[:metadata] && !!params[:json_metadata]
+        raise Crea::ArgumentError, 'Assign either metadata or json_metadata, not both.'
+      end
+      
+      metadata = params.delete(:metadata) || {}
+      metadata ||= (JSON[params[:json_metadata]] || nil) || {}
+      params[:json_metadata] = metadata.to_json
+      
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      params[:extensions] ||= []
+      ops = [[:create_claimed_account, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # Update an account.
+    #     options = {
+    #       wif: wif,
+    #       params: {
+    #         account: new_account_name,
+    #         owner: {
+    #           weight_threshold: 1,
+    #           account_auths: [],
+    #           key_auths: [[owner_public_key, 1]],
+    #         },
+    #          active: {
+    #           weight_threshold: 1,
+    #           account_auths: [],
+    #            key_auths: [[active_public_key, 1]],
+    #         },
+    #         posting: {
+    #           weight_threshold: 1,
+    #           account_auths: [],
+    #           key_auths: [[posting_public_key, 1]],
+    #         },
+    #         memo_key: memo_public_key,
+    #         json_metadata: '{}'
+    #       }
+    #     }
+    # 
+    #     Crea::Broadcast.account_update(options)
+    #
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Active wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :account (String)
+    #   * :owner (Hash) (optional)
+    #   * :active (Hash) (optional)
+    #   * :posting (Hash) (optional)
+    #   * :memo_key (String) (optional)
+    #   * :metadata (Hash) Metadata of the account, becomes `json_metadata`.
+    #   * :json_metadata (String) String version of `metadata` (use one or the other).
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_account_update
+    def self.account_update(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(account)
+      params = options[:params]
+      
+      if !!params[:metadata] && !!params[:json_metadata]
+        raise Crea::ArgumentError, 'Assign either metadata or json_metadata, not both.'
+      end
+      
+      metadata = params.delete(:metadata) || {}
+      metadata ||= (JSON[params[:json_metadata]] || nil) || {}
+      params[:json_metadata] = metadata.to_json
+      
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      ops = [[:account_update, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # Users who wish to become a witness must pay a fee acceptable to the
+    # current witnesses to apply for the position and allow voting to begin.
+    #
+    #     options = {
+    #       wif: wif,
+    #       params: {
+    #         owner: witness_account_name,
+    #         url: '',
+    #         block_signing_key: 'CREA8ZSyzjPm48GmUuMSRufkVYkwYbZzbxeMysAVp7KFQwbTf98TcG',
+    #         props: {
+    #           account_creation_fee: '0.000 CREA',
+    #           maximum_block_size: 131072,
+    #           cbd_interest_rate:1000
+    #         },
+    #         fee: '0.000 CREA',
+    #       }
+    #     }
+    # 
+    #     Crea::Broadcast.witness_update(options)
+    #
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Active wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :owner (String)
+    #   * :url (String) (optional)
+    #   * :block_signing_key (String)
+    #   * :props (String)
+    #   * :fee (String)
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_witness_update
+    def self.witness_update(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(owner block_signing_key props fee)
+      params = options[:params]
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      account_creation_fee = params[:props][:account_creation_fee] rescue nil
+      params[:props][:account_creation_fee] = normalize_amount(options.merge amount: account_creation_fee)
+      params[:fee] = normalize_amount(options.merge amount: params[:fee])
+      
+      ops = [[:witness_update, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # Extensible replacement for #witness_update that supports additional
+    # properties added since HF20 and beyond.
+    #
+    #     options = {
+    #       wif: wif,
+    #       params: {
+    #         owner: witness_account_name,
+    #         props: {
+    #           account_creation_fee: '0.000 CREA',
+    #           maximum_block_size: 131072,
+    #           cbd_interest_rate: 1000,
+    #           account_subsidy_budget: 50000,
+    #           account_subsidy_decay: 330782,
+    #           cbd_exchange_rate: '1.000 CREA',
+    #           url: "https://creary.net",
+    #           new_signing_key: 'CREA8LoQjQqJHvotqBo7HjnqmUbFW9oJ2theyqonzUd9DdJ7YYHsvD'
+    #         }
+    #       }
+    #     }
+    # 
+    #     Crea::Broadcast.witness_set_properties(options)
+    #
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Active wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :owner (String)
+    #   * :props (String)
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_witness_set_properties
+    # @see https://github.com/creary/crea/blob/master/doc/witness_parameters.md
+    def self.witness_set_properties(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(owner props)
+      params = options[:params]
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      if !!(account_creation_fee = params[:props][:account_creation_fee] rescue nil)
+        params[:props][:account_creation_fee] = normalize_amount(options.merge amount: account_creation_fee, serialize: true)
+      end
+      
+      if !!(cbd_exchange_rate = params[:props][:cbd_exchange_rate] rescue nil)
+        params[:props][:cbd_exchange_rate][:base] = normalize_amount(options.merge amount: cbd_exchange_rate[:base], serialize: true)
+        params[:props][:cbd_exchange_rate][:quote] = normalize_amount(options.merge amount: cbd_exchange_rate[:quote], serialize: true)
+        params[:props][:cbd_exchange_rate] = params[:props][:cbd_exchange_rate].to_json
+      end
+      
+      %i(key new_signing_key).each do |key|
+        if !!params[key] && params[key].size == 53
+          params[key] = params[key][3..-1]
+        end
+      end
+      
+      %i(account_creation_fee cbd_exchange_rate url new_signing_key).each do |key|
+        next unless !!params[:props][key]
+        
+        val = params[:props][key].to_s
+          
+        params[:props][key] = hexlify val unless val =~ /^[0-9A-F]+$/i
+      end
+      
+      params[:props] = params[:props].to_a
+      
+      params[:extensions] ||= []
+      ops = [[:witness_set_properties, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # All accounts with a VFS (Vesting Fund Shares) can vote for or against any
+    # witness.
+    # 
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Active wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :account (String)
+    #   * :witness (String)
+    #   * :approve (Boolean)
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_account_witness_vote
+    def self.account_witness_vote(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(account witness approve)
+      params = options[:params]
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      ops = [[:account_witness_vote, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Active wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :account (String)
+    #   * :proxy (String)
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_account_witness_proxy
+    def self.account_witness_proxy(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(account proxy)
+      params = options[:params]
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      ops = [[:account_witness_proxy, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # Provides a generic way to add higher level protocols on top of witness
+    # consensus.
+    # 
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Active wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :required_auths (Array<String>)
+    #   * :id (String)
+    #   * :data (String)
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_custom
+    def self.custom(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(required_auths id data)
+      params = options[:params]
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      ops = [[:custom, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # The semmantics for this operation are the same as the {Broadcast#custom_json}
+    # operation, but with a binary payload.
+    # 
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Posting wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :id (String)
+    #   * :data (String)
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_custom_binary
+    def self.custom_binary(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(id data)
+      params = options[:params]
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      ops = [[:custom_binary, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # Serves the same purpose as {Broadcast#custom} but also supports required
+    # posting authorities.
+    # 
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Posting wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :required_auths (Array<String>)
+    #   * :required_posting_auths (Arrat<String>)
+    #   * :id (String)
+    #   * :data (Hash) Data of the custom json, becomes `json`.
+    #   * :json (String) String version of `data` (use one or the other).
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_custom_json
+    def self.custom_json(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(id)
+      params = options[:params]
+      
+      if !!params[:data] && !!params[:json]
+        raise Crea::ArgumentError, 'Assign either data or json, not both.'
+      end
+      
+      data = params.delete(:data) || {}
+      data ||= (JSON[params[:json]] || nil) || {}
+      params[:json] = data.to_json
+      
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      params[:required_auths] ||= []
+      params[:required_posting_auths] ||= []
+      ops = [[:custom_json, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # Allows an account to setup a vesting withdraw but with the additional
+    # request for the funds to be transferred directly to another account’s
+    # balance rather than the withdrawing account.
+    # 
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Active wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :from_account (String)
+    #   * :to_account (String)
+    #   * :percent (Numeric)
+    #   * :auto_vest (Boolean)
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_set_withdraw_vesting_route
+    def self.set_withdraw_vesting_route(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(from_account to_account percent auto_vest)
+      params = options[:params]
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      ops = [[:set_withdraw_vesting_route, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # All account recovery requests come from a listed recovery account.
+    # 
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Active wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :recovery_account (String)
+    #   * :account_to_recover (String)
+    #   * :new_owner_authority (Hash)
+    #   * :extensions (Array) (optional)
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_request_account_recovery
+    def self.request_account_recovery(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(recovery_account account_to_recover new_owner_authority)
+      params = options[:params]
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      params[:extensions] ||= []
+      ops = [[:request_account_recovery, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Active wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :account_to_recover (String)
+    #   * :new_owner_authority (Hash)
+    #   * :recent_owner_authority (Hash)
+    #   * :extensions (Array) (optional)
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_recover_account
+    def self.recover_account(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(account_to_recover new_owner_authority recent_owner_authority)
+      params = options[:params]
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      params[:extensions] ||= []
+      ops = [[:recover_account, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # Each account lists another account as their recovery account.
+    # 
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Posting wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :account_to_recover (String)
+    #   * :new_recovery_account (String)
+    #   * :extensions (Array) (optional)
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_change_recovery_account
+    def self.change_recovery_account(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(account_to_recover)
+      params = options[:params]
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      params[:new_recovery_account] ||= ''
+      params[:extensions] ||= []
+      ops = [[:change_recovery_account, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # The purpose of this operation is to enable someone to send money
+    # contingently to another individual.
+    # 
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Active wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :from (String)
+    #   * :to (String)
+    #   * :agent (String)
+    #   * :escrow_id (String)
+    #   * :cbd_amount (String)
+    #   * :crea_amount (String)
+    #   * :fee (String)
+    #   * :ratification_deadline (String)
+    #   * :escrow_expiration (String)
+    #   * :meta (Hash) Meta of the escrow transfer, becomes `json_meta`.
+    #   * :json_meta (String) String version of `metadata` (use one or the other).
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_escrow_transfer
+    def self.escrow_transfer(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(from to agent escrow_id fee ratification_deadline)
+      params = options[:params]
+      
+      if !!params[:meta] && !!params[:json_meta]
+        raise Crea::ArgumentError, 'Assign either meta or json_meta, not both.'
+      end
+      
+      meta = params.delete(:meta) || {}
+      meta ||= (JSON[params[:json_meta]] || nil) || {}
+      params[:json_meta] = meta.to_json
+      
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      params[:cbd_amount] = normalize_amount(options.merge amount: params[:cbd_amount])
+      params[:crea_amount] = normalize_amount(options.merge amount: params[:crea_amount])
+      params[:fee] = normalize_amount(options.merge amount: params[:fee])
+      
+      params[:ratification_deadline] = Time.parse(params[:ratification_deadline].to_s)
+      params[:ratification_deadline] = params[:ratification_deadline].strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S')
+      
+      if !!params[:escrow_expiration]
+        params[:escrow_expiration] = Time.parse(params[:escrow_expiration].to_s)
+        params[:escrow_expiration] = params[:escrow_expiration].strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S')
+      end
+
+      ops = [[:escrow_transfer, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # If either the sender or receiver of an escrow payment has an issue, they
+    # can raise it for dispute.
+    # 
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Active wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :from (String)
+    #   * :to (String)
+    #   * :agent (String)
+    #   * :who (String)
+    #   * :escrow_id (String)
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_escrow_dispute
+    def self.escrow_dispute(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(from to agent who escrow_id)
+      params = options[:params]
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      ops = [[:escrow_dispute, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # This operation can be used by anyone associated with the escrow transfer
+    # to release funds if they have permission.
+    # 
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Active wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :from (String)
+    #   * :to (String)
+    #   * :agent (String)
+    #   * :who (String)
+    #   * :receiver (String)
+    #   * :escrow_id (String)
+    #   * :cbd_amount (String)
+    #   * :crea_amount (String)
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_escrow_release
+    def self.escrow_release(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(from to agent who receiver escrow_id)
+      params = options[:params]
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      params[:cbd_amount] = normalize_amount(options.merge amount: params[:cbd_amount])
+      params[:crea_amount] = normalize_amount(options.merge amount: params[:crea_amount])
+
+      ops = [[:escrow_release, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # The agent and to accounts must approve an escrow transaction for it to be
+    # valid on the blockchain.
+    # 
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Active wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :from (String)
+    #   * :to (String)
+    #   * :agent (String)
+    #   * :who (String)
+    #   * :escrow_id (String)
+    #   * :approve (String)
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_escrow_approve
+    def self.escrow_approve(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(from to agent who escrow_id approve)
+      params = options[:params]
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      ops = [[:escrow_approve, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # For time locked savings accounts.
+    # 
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Active wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :from (String)
+    #   * :to (String)
+    #   * :amount (String)
+    #   * :memo (String) (optional)
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_transfer_to_savings
+    def self.transfer_to_savings(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(from to amount)
+      params = options[:params]
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      params[:memo] ||= ''
+      params[:amount] = normalize_amount(options.merge amount: params[:amount])
+
+      ops = [[:transfer_to_savings, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Active wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :from (String)
+    #   * :request_id (String)
+    #   * :to (String)
+    #   * :amount (String)
+    #   * :memo (String) (optional)
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_transfer_from_savings
+    def self.transfer_from_savings(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(from request_id to amount)
+      params = options[:params]
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      params[:memo] ||= ''
+      params[:amount] = normalize_amount(options.merge amount: params[:amount])
+
+      ops = [[:transfer_from_savings, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Active wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :from (String)
+    #   * :request_id (String)
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_cancel_transfer_from_savings
+    def self.cancel_transfer_from_savings(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(from request_id)
+      params = options[:params]
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      ops = [[:cancel_transfer_from_savings, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # An account can chose to decline their voting rights after a 30 day delay.
+    # This includes voting on content and witnesses. **The voting rights cannot
+    # be acquired again once they have been declined.** This is only to
+    # formalize a smart contract between certain accounts and the community that
+    # currently only exists as a social contract.
+    #
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Owner wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :account (String)
+    #   * :decline (String)
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_decline_voting_rights
+    def self.decline_voting_rights(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(account decline)
+      params = options[:params]
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      ops = [[:decline_voting_rights, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # Delegate vesting shares from one account to the other.
+    # 
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Active wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :delegator (String)
+    #   * :delegatee (String)
+    #   * :vesting_shares (String)
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_delegate_vesting_shares
+    def self.delegate_vesting_shares(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(delegator delegatee vesting_shares)
+      params = options[:params]
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      params[:vesting_shares] = normalize_amount(options.merge amount: params[:vesting_shares])
+      ops = [[:delegate_vesting_shares, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Active wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :fee (String)
+    #   * :delegation (String)
+    #   * :creator (String)
+    #   * :new_account_name (String)
+    #   * :owner (String)
+    #   * :active (String)
+    #   * :posting (String)
+    #   * :memo_key (String)
+    #   * :metadata (Hash) Metadata of the account, becomes `json_metadata`.
+    #   * :json_metadata (String) String version of `metadata` (use one or the other).
+    #   * :extensions (Array)
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_account_create_with_delegation
+    def self.account_create_with_delegation(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(fee delegation creator new_account_name owner active posting memo_key)
+      params = options[:params]
+      
+      if !!params[:metadata] && !!params[:json_metadata]
+        raise Crea::ArgumentError, 'Assign either metadata or json_metadata, not both.'
+      end
+      
+      metadata = params.delete(:metadata) || {}
+      metadata ||= (JSON[params[:json_metadata]] || nil) || {}
+      params[:json_metadata] = metadata.to_json
+      
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      params[:fee] = normalize_amount(options.merge amount: params[:fee])
+      params[:delegation] = normalize_amount(options.merge amount: params[:delegation])
+      params[:extensions] ||= []
+      
+      ops = [[:account_create_with_delegation, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+    
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [String] :wif Active wif
+    # @option options [Hash] :params
+    #   * :creator (String)
+    #   * :fee (String)
+    #   * :extensions (Array)
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    # @see https://developers.crea.io/apidefinitions/broadcast-ops#broadcast_ops_claim_account
+    def self.claim_account(options, &block)
+      required_fields = %i(creator fee)
+      params = options[:params]
+      
+      check_required_fields(params, *required_fields)
+      
+      params[:fee] = normalize_amount(options.merge amount: params[:fee])
+      params[:extensions] ||= []
+      
+      ops = [[:claim_account, params]]
+      
+      process(options.merge(ops: ops), &block)
+    end
+        
+    # @param options [Hash] options
+    # @option options [Array<Array<Hash>] :ops Operations to process.
+    # @option options [Boolean] :pretend Just validate, do not broadcast.
+    def self.process(options, &block)
+      ops = options[:ops]
+      tx = TransactionBuilder.new(options)
+      response = nil
+      
+      loop do; begin
+        tx.operations = ops
+        trx = tx.transaction
+        
+        response = if !!options[:pretend]
+          if !!options[:app_base]
+            database_api(options).verify_authority(trx: trx)
+          else
+            database_api(options).verify_authority(trx)
+          end
+        else
+          if !!options[:app_base]
+            network_broadcast_api(options).broadcast_transaction(trx: trx)
+          else
+            network_broadcast_api(options).broadcast_transaction_synchronous(trx)
+          end
+        end
+        
+        break
+      rescue => e
+        if can_retry? e
+          tx.expiration = nil
+          redo
+        end
+        
+        raise e
+      end; end
+      
+      if !!block
+        block.call response.result
+      else
+        return response.result
+      end
+    end
+  private
+    # @private
+    def self.normalize_amount(options)
+      if !!options[:app_base]
+        Type::Amount.to_h(options[:amount])
+      elsif !!options[:serialize]
+        Type::Amount.to_s(options[:amount])
+      else
+        Type::Amount.to_s(options[:amount])
+      end
+    end
+    
+    def self.normalize_beneficiaries(options)
+      # Type::Beneficiaries.new(options[:beneficiaries])
+      {beneficiaries: options[:beneficiaries]}
+    end
+    
+    # @private
+    def self.database_api(options)
+      options[:database_api] ||= if !!options[:app_base]
+        Crea::DatabaseApi.new(options)
+      else
+        Crea::CondenserApi.new(options)
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # @private
+    def self.network_broadcast_api(options)
+      options[:network_broadcast_api] ||= if !!options[:app_base]
+        Crea::NetworkBroadcaseApi.new(options)
+      else
+        Crea::CondenserApi.new(options)
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # @private
+    def self.check_required_fields(hash, *fields)
+      fields.each do |field|
+        value = hash[field]
+        
+        raise Crea::ArgumentError, "#{field}: required" if value.nil?
+        
+        case value
+        when String, Array, Hash
+          raise Crea::ArgumentError, "#{field}: required" if value.empty?
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end