couchbase 3.5.5 → 3.5.6

data/ext/couchbase/core/meta/features.hxx

@@ -206,3 +206,8 @@
  * All options classes in the Public API expose the parent_span option.
  */
 #define COUCHBASE_CXX_CLIENT_PUBLIC_API_PARENT_SPAN 1
+
+/**
+ * core API like with_bucket_configuration() yields shared_ptr instead of configuration copy
+ */
+#define COUCHBASE_CXX_CLIENT_CORE_RETURNS_POINTER_TO_CONFIG 1

data/ext/couchbase/core/operations/document_get_all_replicas.hxx

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 #include "core/utils/movable_function.hxx"
 #include "couchbase/error_codes.hxx"
 
-#include <functional>
 #include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
 
@@ -65,8 +64,8 @@ struct get_all_replicas_request {
        id = id,
        timeout = timeout,
        read_preference = read_preference,
-       h = std::forward<Handler>(handler)](std::error_code ec,
-                                           const topology::configuration& config) mutable {
+       h = std::forward<Handler>(handler)](
+        std::error_code ec, std::shared_ptr<topology::configuration> config) mutable {
         if (ec) {
           return h(response_type{ make_key_value_error_context(ec, id) });
         }
@@ -82,7 +81,7 @@ struct get_all_replicas_request {
             "Unable to retrieve replicas for \"{}\", server_group={}, number_of_replicas={}",
             id,
             origin.options().server_group,
-            config.num_replicas.value_or(0));
+            config->num_replicas.value_or(0));
           return h(response_type{
             make_key_value_error_context(errc::key_value::document_irretrievable, id) });
         }

data/ext/couchbase/core/operations/document_get_any_replica.hxx

@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ struct get_any_replica_request {
        id = id,
        timeout = timeout,
        read_preference = read_preference,
-       h = std::forward<Handler>(handler)](std::error_code ec,
-                                           const topology::configuration& config) mutable {
+       h = std::forward<Handler>(handler)](
+        std::error_code ec, std::shared_ptr<topology::configuration> config) mutable {
         const auto [e, origin] = core->origin();
         if (e && !ec) {
           ec = e;
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ struct get_any_replica_request {
             "Unable to retrieve replicas for \"{}\", server_group={}, number_of_replicas={}",
             id,
             origin.options().server_group,
-            config.num_replicas.value_or(0));
+            config->num_replicas.value_or(0));
           ec = errc::key_value::document_irretrievable;
         }
 

data/ext/couchbase/core/operations/document_lookup_in_all_replicas.hxx

@@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ struct lookup_in_all_replicas_request {
         core->with_bucket_configuration(
           id.bucket(),
           [core, id, timeout, specs, parent_span, read_preference, h = std::forward<Handler>(h)](
-            std::error_code ec, const topology::configuration& config) mutable {
-            if (!config.capabilities.supports_subdoc_read_replica()) {
+            std::error_code ec, std::shared_ptr<topology::configuration> config) mutable {
+            if (!config->capabilities.supports_subdoc_read_replica()) {
               ec = errc::common::feature_not_available;
             }
 
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ struct lookup_in_all_replicas_request {
                 "Unable to retrieve replicas for \"{}\", server_group={}, number_of_replicas={}",
                 id,
                 origin.options().server_group,
-                config.num_replicas.value_or(0));
+                config->num_replicas.value_or(0));
               ec = errc::key_value::document_irretrievable;
             }
 

data/ext/couchbase/core/operations/document_lookup_in_any_replica.hxx

@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ struct lookup_in_any_replica_request {
         return core->with_bucket_configuration(
           id.bucket(),
           [core, id, timeout, specs, parent_span, read_preference, h = std::forward<Handler>(h)](
-            std::error_code ec, const topology::configuration& config) mutable {
-            if (!config.capabilities.supports_subdoc_read_replica()) {
+            std::error_code ec, std::shared_ptr<topology::configuration> config) mutable {
+            if (!config->capabilities.supports_subdoc_read_replica()) {
               ec = errc::common::feature_not_available;
             }
             const auto [e, origin] = core->origin();
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ struct lookup_in_any_replica_request {
                 "Unable to retrieve replicas for \"{}\", server_group={}, number_of_replicas={}",
                 id,
                 origin.options().server_group,
-                config.num_replicas.value_or(0));
+                config->num_replicas.value_or(0));
               ec = errc::key_value::document_irretrievable;
             }
 

data/ext/couchbase.cxx

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ __declspec(dllexport)
 void
 Init_libcouchbase(void)
 {
+  couchbase::ruby::install_terminate_handler();
   couchbase::ruby::init_logger();
 
   VALUE mCouchbase = rb_define_module("Couchbase");

data/ext/extconf.rb

@@ -154,6 +154,16 @@ build_dir = ENV['CB_EXT_BUILD_DIR'] ||
             File.join(Dir.tmpdir, "cb-#{build_type}-#{RUBY_VERSION}-#{RUBY_PATCHLEVEL}-#{RUBY_PLATFORM}-#{SDK_VERSION}")
 FileUtils.rm_rf(build_dir, verbose: true) unless ENV['CB_PRESERVE_BUILD_DIR']
 FileUtils.mkdir_p(build_dir, verbose: true)
+if ENV["CB_CREATE_BUILD_DIR_LINK"]
+  links = [
+    File.expand_path(File.join(project_path, "..", "build")),
+    File.expand_path(File.join(project_path, "build"))
+  ]
+  links.each do |link|
+    next if link == build_dir
+    FileUtils.ln_sf(build_dir, link, verbose: true)
+  end
+end
 Dir.chdir(build_dir) do
   puts "-- build #{build_type} extension #{SDK_VERSION} for ruby #{RUBY_VERSION}-#{RUBY_PATCHLEVEL}-#{RUBY_PLATFORM}"
   sys(cmake, *cmake_flags, "-B#{build_dir}", "-S#{project_path}")

data/ext/rcb_backend.cxx

@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@
 
 #include <couchbase/cluster.hxx>
 
+#include <couchbase/fork_event.hxx>
+#include <couchbase/ip_protocol.hxx>
+
 #include <core/cluster.hxx>
 #include <core/logger/logger.hxx>
 #include <core/utils/connection_string.hxx>
@@ -25,11 +28,12 @@
 #include <spdlog/fmt/bundled/core.h>
 
 #include <future>
+#include <list>
 #include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
 
 #include <ruby.h>
 
-#include "couchbase/ip_protocol.hxx"
 #include "rcb_backend.hxx"
 #include "rcb_exceptions.hxx"
 #include "rcb_logger.hxx"
@@ -44,10 +48,79 @@ struct cb_backend_data {
   std::unique_ptr<cluster> instance{ nullptr };
 };
 
+class instance_registry
+{
+public:
+  void add(cluster* instance)
+  {
+    std::scoped_lock lock(instances_mutex_);
+    known_instances_.push_back(instance);
+  }
+
+  void remove(cluster* instance)
+  {
+    std::scoped_lock lock(instances_mutex_);
+    known_instances_.remove(instance);
+  }
+
+  void notify_fork(couchbase::fork_event event)
+  {
+    if (event != couchbase::fork_event::prepare) {
+      init_logger();
+    }
+
+    {
+      std::scoped_lock lock(instances_mutex_);
+      for (auto* instance : known_instances_) {
+        instance->notify_fork(event);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (event == couchbase::fork_event::prepare) {
+      flush_logger();
+      couchbase::core::logger::shutdown();
+    }
+  }
+
+private:
+  std::mutex instances_mutex_;
+  std::list<cluster*> known_instances_;
+};
+
+instance_registry instances;
+
+VALUE
+cb_Backend_notify_fork(VALUE self, VALUE event)
+{
+  static const auto id_prepare{ rb_intern("prepare") };
+  static const auto id_parent{ rb_intern("parent") };
+  static const auto id_child{ rb_intern("child") };
+
+  try {
+    cb_check_type(event, T_SYMBOL);
+
+    if (rb_sym2id(event) == id_prepare) {
+      instances.notify_fork(couchbase::fork_event::prepare);
+    } else if (rb_sym2id(event) == id_parent) {
+      instances.notify_fork(couchbase::fork_event::parent);
+    } else if (rb_sym2id(event) == id_child) {
+      instances.notify_fork(couchbase::fork_event::child);
+    } else {
+      throw ruby_exception(rb_eTypeError,
+                           rb_sprintf("unexpected fork event type %" PRIsVALUE "", event));
+    }
+  } catch (const ruby_exception& e) {
+    rb_exc_raise(e.exception_object());
+  }
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
 void
 cb_backend_close(cb_backend_data* backend)
 {
   if (auto instance = std::move(backend->instance); instance) {
+    instances.remove(instance.get());
     auto promise = std::make_shared<std::promise<void>>();
     auto f = promise->get_future();
     instance->close([promise = std::move(promise)]() mutable {
@@ -446,6 +519,7 @@ cb_Backend_open(VALUE self, VALUE connstr, VALUE credentials, VALUE options)
         error, fmt::format("failed to connect to the Couchbase Server \"{}\"", connection_string));
     }
     backend->instance = std::make_unique<couchbase::cluster>(std::move(cluster));
+    instances.add(backend->instance.get());
   } catch (const std::system_error& se) {
     rb_exc_raise(cb_map_error_code(
       se.code(), fmt::format("failed to perform {}: {}", __func__, se.what()), false));
@@ -509,6 +583,8 @@ init_backend(VALUE mCouchbase)
   rb_define_method(cBackend, "open", cb_Backend_open, 3);
   rb_define_method(cBackend, "open_bucket", cb_Backend_open_bucket, 2);
   rb_define_method(cBackend, "close", cb_Backend_close, 0);
+
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cBackend, "notify_fork", cb_Backend_notify_fork, 1);
   return cBackend;
 }
 

data/ext/rcb_logger.cxx

@@ -268,13 +268,18 @@ cb_Backend_install_logger_shim(VALUE self, VALUE logger, VALUE log_level)
 } // namespace
 
 void
-init_logger()
+install_terminate_handler()
 {
   if (auto env_val =
         spdlog::details::os::getenv("COUCHBASE_BACKEND_DONT_INSTALL_TERMINATE_HANDLER");
       env_val.empty()) {
     core::platform::install_backtrace_terminate_handler();
   }
+}
+
+void
+init_logger()
+{
   if (auto env_val = spdlog::details::os::getenv("COUCHBASE_BACKEND_DONT_USE_BUILTIN_LOGGER");
       env_val.empty()) {
     auto default_log_level = core::logger::level::info;

data/ext/rcb_logger.hxx

@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
 
 namespace couchbase::ruby
 {
+void
+install_terminate_handler();
+
 void
 init_logger();
 

data/ext/rcb_range_scan.cxx

@@ -245,13 +245,11 @@ cb_Backend_document_scan_create(VALUE self,
     std::promise<tl::expected<couchbase::core::topology::configuration, std::error_code>> promise;
     auto f = promise.get_future();
     cluster.with_bucket_configuration(
-      bucket_name,
-      [promise = std::move(promise)](
-        std::error_code ec, const couchbase::core::topology::configuration& config) mutable {
+      bucket_name, [promise = std::move(promise)](std::error_code ec, const auto& config) mutable {
         if (ec) {
           return promise.set_value(tl::unexpected(ec));
         }
-        promise.set_value(config);
+        promise.set_value(*config);
       });
     auto config = cb_wait_for_future(f);
     if (!config.has_value()) {

data/lib/couchbase/bucket.rb

@@ -134,13 +134,5 @@ module Couchbase
         end
       end
     end
-
-    # @api private
-    # TODO: deprecate in 3.1
-    PingOptions = ::Couchbase::Options::Ping
-
-    # @api private
-    # TODO: deprecate in 3.1
-    ViewOptions = ::Couchbase::Options::View
   end
 end

data/lib/couchbase/cluster.rb

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ module Couchbase
     #   @param [Options::Cluster, nil] options custom options when creating the cluster connection
     #
     # @example Explicitly create options object and initialize PasswordAuthenticator internally
-    #   options = Cluster::ClusterOptions.new
+    #   options = Options::Cluster.new
     #   options.authenticate("Administrator", "password")
     #   Cluster.connect("couchbase://localhost", options)
     #
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ module Couchbase
             raise ArgumentError, "options must have authenticator configured"
           end
         else
-          raise ArgumentError, "unexpected second argument, have to be String or ClusterOptions"
+          raise ArgumentError, "unexpected second argument, have to be String or Options::Cluster"
         end
       end
 
@@ -447,16 +447,5 @@ module Couchbase
         end
       end
     end
-
-    # @api private
-    ClusterOptions = ::Couchbase::Options::Cluster
-    # @api private
-    DiagnosticsOptions = ::Couchbase::Options::Diagnostics
-    # @api private
-    AnalyticsOptions = ::Couchbase::Options::Analytics
-    # @api private
-    QueryOptions = ::Couchbase::Options::Query
-    # @api private
-    SearchOptions = ::Couchbase::Options::Search
   end
 end

data/lib/couchbase/collection.rb

@@ -660,48 +660,5 @@ module Couchbase
         end
       end
     end
-
-    # @api private
-    # TODO: deprecate in 3.1
-    GetOptions = ::Couchbase::Options::Get
-    # @api private
-    # TODO: deprecate in 3.1
-    GetAndLockOptions = ::Couchbase::Options::GetAndLock
-    # @api private
-    # TODO: deprecate in 3.1
-    GetAndTouchOptions = ::Couchbase::Options::GetAndTouch
-    # @api private
-    # TODO: deprecate in 3.1
-    LookupInOptions = ::Couchbase::Options::LookupIn
-    # @api private
-    # TODO: deprecate in 3.1
-    MutateInOptions = ::Couchbase::Options::MutateIn
-    # @api private
-    # TODO: deprecate in 3.1
-    UnlockOptions = ::Couchbase::Options::Unlock
-    # @api private
-    # TODO: deprecate in 3.1
-    TouchOptions = ::Couchbase::Options::Touch
-    # @api private
-    # TODO: deprecate in 3.1
-    ReplaceOptions = ::Couchbase::Options::Replace
-    # @api private
-    # TODO: deprecate in 3.1
-    UpsertOptions = ::Couchbase::Options::Upsert
-    # @api private
-    # TODO: deprecate in 3.1
-    InsertOptions = ::Couchbase::Options::Insert
-    # @api private
-    # TODO: deprecate in 3.1
-    RemoveOptions = ::Couchbase::Options::Remove
-    # @api private
-    # TODO: deprecate in 3.1
-    ExistsOptions = ::Couchbase::Options::Exists
-    # @api private
-    # TODO: deprecate in 3.1
-    GetAnyReplicaOptions = ::Couchbase::Options::GetAnyReplica
-    # @api private
-    # TODO: deprecate in 3.1
-    GetAllReplicasOptions = ::Couchbase::Options::GetAllReplicas
   end
 end

data/lib/couchbase/collection_options.rb

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ module Couchbase
 
       # @deprecated Use {#expiry_time}
       # @return [Integer] the expiration if fetched and present
-      def expiry # rubocop:disable Style/TrivialAccessors will be removed in next major release
+      def expiry # rubocop:disable Style/TrivialAccessors -- will be removed in next major release
         @expiry
       end
 
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ module Couchbase
 
       # @api private
       #
-      # @see MutateInOptions#create_as_deleted
+      # @see Options::MutateIn#create_as_deleted
       #
       # @return [Boolean] true if the document is a tombstone (created in deleted state)
       def deleted?
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ module Couchbase
 
       # @api private
       #
-      # @see MutateInOptions#create_as_deleted
+      # @see Options::MutateIn#create_as_deleted
       #
       # @return [Boolean] true if the document is a tombstone (created in deleted state)
       def deleted?

data/lib/couchbase/datastructures/couchbase_queue.rb

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ module Couchbase
                                          LookupInSpec.get("[-1]"),
                                        ], @options.lookup_in_options)
         obj = result.exists?(0) ? result.content(0) : nil
-        options = Collection::MutateInOptions.new
+        options = Options::MutateIn.new
         options.cas = result.cas
         @collection.mutate_in(@id, [
                                 MutateInSpec.remove("[-1]"),

data/lib/couchbase/datastructures/couchbase_set.rb

@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ module Couchbase
         idx = result.content.index(obj)
         return false unless idx
 
-        options = Collection::MutateInOptions.new
+        options = Options::MutateIn.new
         options.cas = result.cas
         @collection.mutate_in(@id, [
                                 MutateInSpec.remove("[#{idx}]"),

data/lib/couchbase/deprecations.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+#  Copyright 2020-2025 Couchbase, Inc.
+#
+#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#  limitations under the License.
+
+module Couchbase
+  module Deprecations
+    def self.deprecate_constants(removed_in_version, parent, constants)
+      deprecator = Module.new do
+        define_method(:const_missing) do |old_name|
+          return super unless constants.key?(old_name)
+
+          new_name = constants[old_name]
+
+          warn "NOTE: #{name}::#{old_name} is deprecated; use Couchbase::#{new_name} instead. " \
+               "It will be removed in version #{removed_in_version}."
+          Couchbase.const_get(new_name)
+        end
+      end
+      parent.singleton_class.prepend(deprecator)
+    end
+  end
+
+  Deprecations.deprecate_constants("3.6.0", Cluster,
+                                   AnalyticsOptions: "Options::Analytics",
+                                   ClusterOptions: "Options::Cluster",
+                                   DiagnosticsOptions: "Options::Diagnostics",
+                                   QueryOptions: "Options::Query",
+                                   SearchOptions: "Options::Search")
+
+  Deprecations.deprecate_constants("3.6.0", Bucket,
+                                   PingOptions: "Options::Ping",
+                                   ViewOptions: "Options::View")
+
+  Deprecations.deprecate_constants("3.6.0", Collection,
+                                   ExistsOptions: "Options::Exists",
+                                   GetAllReplicasOptions: "Options::GetAllReplicas",
+                                   GetAndLockOptions: "Options::GetAndLock",
+                                   GetAndTouchOptions: "Options::GetAndTouch",
+                                   GetAnyReplicaOptions: "Options::GetAnyReplica",
+                                   GetOptions: "Options::Get",
+                                   InsertOptions: "Options::Insert",
+                                   LookupInOptions: "Options::LookupIn",
+                                   MutateInOptions: "Options::MutateIn",
+                                   RemoveOptions: "Options::Remove",
+                                   ReplaceOptions: "Options::Replace",
+                                   TouchOptions: "Options::Touch",
+                                   UnlockOptions: "Options::Unlock",
+                                   UpsertOptions: "Options::Upsert")
+end

data/lib/couchbase/fork_hooks.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+#  Copyright 2020-2025 Couchbase, Inc.
+#
+#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#  limitations under the License.
+
+module Couchbase
+  module ForkHooks
+    def _fork
+      Couchbase::Backend.notify_fork(:prepare)
+      pid = super
+      if pid
+        Couchbase::Backend.notify_fork(:parent)
+      else
+        Couchbase::Backend.notify_fork(:child)
+      end
+      pid
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+Process.singleton_class.prepend(Couchbase::ForkHooks)

data/lib/couchbase/management/analytics_index_manager.rb

@@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ module Couchbase
           end
         end
 
-        # rubocop:disable Naming/MethodName constructor shortcuts
+        # rubocop:disable Naming/MethodName -- constructor shortcuts
         module_function
 
         # Construct {CreateDataverse} options for {AnalyticsIndexManager#create_dataverse}

data/lib/couchbase/management/bucket_manager.rb

@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ module Couchbase
           end
         end
 
-        # rubocop:disable Naming/MethodName constructor shortcuts
+        # rubocop:disable Naming/MethodName -- constructor shortcuts
         module_function
 
         # Construct {CreateBucket} options for {BucketManager#create_bucket}

data/lib/couchbase/management/collection_manager.rb

@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ module Couchbase
           DEFAULT = DropCollection.new.freeze
         end
 
-        # rubocop:disable Naming/MethodName constructor shortcuts
+        # rubocop:disable Naming/MethodName -- constructor shortcuts
         module_function
 
         # Construct {GetAllScopes} options for {CollectionManager#get_all_scopes}

data/lib/couchbase/management/query_index_manager.rb

@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ module Couchbase
           end
         end
 
-        # rubocop:disable Naming/MethodName constructor shortcuts
+        # rubocop:disable Naming/MethodName -- constructor shortcuts
         module_function
 
         # Construct {GetAllIndexes} options for {QueryIndexManager#get_all_indexes}

data/lib/couchbase/options.rb

@@ -2392,7 +2392,7 @@ module Couchbase
 
       # @param [:and, :or, nil] vector_query_combination
       #
-      # @yieldparam [VectorSearchOptions] self
+      # @yieldparam [Options::VectorSearch] self
       def initialize(vector_query_combination: nil)
         @vector_query_combination = vector_query_combination
 
@@ -2536,7 +2536,7 @@ module Couchbase
     # TODO: deprecate in 3.1
     CommonOptions = ::Couchbase::Options::Base
 
-    # rubocop:disable Naming/MethodName constructor shortcuts
+    # rubocop:disable Naming/MethodName -- constructor shortcuts
     module_function
 
     # Construct {Get} options for {Collection#get}

data/lib/couchbase/protostellar/request_generator/query.rb

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ module Couchbase
             **proto_opts
           )
 
-          create_query_request(proto_req, :query, options, idempotent: options.readonly && true)
+          create_query_request(proto_req, :query, options, idempotent: options.readonly)
         end
 
         private

data/lib/couchbase/utils/time.rb

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ module Couchbase
       # 3. Otherwise invoke #to_i on the argument and interpret it as a number of milliseconds
       def extract_duration(number_or_duration)
         return unless number_or_duration
-        return number_or_duration if number_or_duration.class == Integer # rubocop:disable Style/ClassEqualityComparison avoid overrides of #is_a?, #kind_of?
+        return number_or_duration if number_or_duration.class == Integer # rubocop:disable Style/ClassEqualityComparison -- avoid overrides of #is_a?, #kind_of?
 
         if number_or_duration.respond_to?(:in_milliseconds)
           number_or_duration.in_milliseconds

data/lib/couchbase/version.rb

@@ -21,5 +21,5 @@ module Couchbase
   #   $ ruby -rcouchbase -e 'pp Couchbase::VERSION'
   #   {:sdk=>"3.4.0", :ruby_abi=>"3.1.0", :revision=>"416fe68e6029ec8a4c40611cf6e6b30d3b90d20f"}
   VERSION = {} unless defined?(VERSION) # rubocop:disable Style/MutableConstant
-  VERSION.update(:sdk => "3.5.5")
+  VERSION.update(:sdk => "3.5.6")
 end

data/lib/couchbase.rb

@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@
 
 require "couchbase/version"
 require "couchbase/libcouchbase"
+require "couchbase/fork_hooks"
 require "couchbase/logger"
 require "couchbase/cluster"
+require "couchbase/deprecations"
 
 require "couchbase/railtie" if defined?(Rails)