couchbase 3.0.3-universal-darwin-20

data/ext/third_party/gsl/include/gsl/pointers

@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+//
+// This code is licensed under the MIT License (MIT).
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+// THE SOFTWARE.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#ifndef GSL_POINTERS_H
+#define GSL_POINTERS_H
+
+#include <gsl/gsl_assert>  // for Ensures, Expects
+
+#include <algorithm>    // for forward
+#include <iosfwd>       // for ptrdiff_t, nullptr_t, ostream, size_t
+#include <memory>       // for shared_ptr, unique_ptr
+#include <system_error> // for hash
+#include <type_traits>  // for enable_if_t, is_convertible, is_assignable
+
+namespace gsl
+{
+
+//
+// GSL.owner: ownership pointers
+//
+using std::unique_ptr;
+using std::shared_ptr;
+
+//
+// owner
+//
+// owner<T> is designed as a bridge for code that must deal directly with owning pointers for some reason
+//
+// T must be a pointer type
+// - disallow construction from any type other than pointer type
+//
+template <class T, class = std::enable_if_t<std::is_pointer<T>::value>>
+using owner = T;
+
+//
+// not_null
+//
+// Restricts a pointer or smart pointer to only hold non-null values.
+//
+// Has zero size overhead over T.
+//
+// If T is a pointer (i.e. T == U*) then
+// - allow construction from U*
+// - disallow construction from nullptr_t
+// - disallow default construction
+// - ensure construction from null U* fails
+// - allow implicit conversion to U*
+//
+template <class T>
+class not_null
+{
+public:
+    static_assert(std::is_convertible<decltype(std::declval<T>() != nullptr), bool>::value, "T cannot be compared to nullptr.");
+
+    template <typename U, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>>
+    constexpr not_null(U&& u) : ptr_(std::forward<U>(u))
+    {
+        Expects(ptr_ != nullptr);
+    }
+
+    template <typename = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<std::nullptr_t, T>::value>>
+    constexpr not_null(T u) : ptr_(std::move(u))
+    {
+        Expects(ptr_ != nullptr);
+    }
+
+    template <typename U, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>>
+    constexpr not_null(const not_null<U>& other) : not_null(other.get())
+    {
+    }
+
+    not_null(const not_null& other) = default;
+    not_null& operator=(const not_null& other) = default;
+    constexpr std::conditional_t<std::is_copy_constructible<T>::value, T, const T&> get() const
+    {
+        Ensures(ptr_ != nullptr);
+        return ptr_;
+    }
+
+    constexpr operator T() const { return get(); }
+    constexpr decltype(auto) operator->() const { return get(); }
+    constexpr decltype(auto) operator*() const { return *get(); }
+
+    // prevents compilation when someone attempts to assign a null pointer constant
+    not_null(std::nullptr_t) = delete;
+    not_null& operator=(std::nullptr_t) = delete;
+
+    // unwanted operators...pointers only point to single objects!
+    not_null& operator++() = delete;
+    not_null& operator--() = delete;
+    not_null operator++(int) = delete;
+    not_null operator--(int) = delete;
+    not_null& operator+=(std::ptrdiff_t) = delete;
+    not_null& operator-=(std::ptrdiff_t) = delete;
+    void operator[](std::ptrdiff_t) const = delete;
+
+private:
+    T ptr_;
+};
+
+template <class T>
+auto make_not_null(T&& t) noexcept {
+    return not_null<std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<T>>>{std::forward<T>(t)};
+}
+
+template <class T>
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const not_null<T>& val)
+{
+    os << val.get();
+    return os;
+}
+
+template <class T, class U>
+auto operator==(const not_null<T>& lhs, const not_null<U>& rhs) noexcept(noexcept(lhs.get() == rhs.get())) -> decltype(lhs.get() == rhs.get())
+{
+    return lhs.get() == rhs.get();
+}
+
+template <class T, class U>
+auto operator!=(const not_null<T>& lhs, const not_null<U>& rhs) noexcept(noexcept(lhs.get() != rhs.get())) -> decltype(lhs.get() != rhs.get())
+{
+    return lhs.get() != rhs.get();
+}
+
+template <class T, class U>
+auto operator<(const not_null<T>& lhs, const not_null<U>& rhs) noexcept(noexcept(lhs.get() < rhs.get())) -> decltype(lhs.get() < rhs.get())
+{
+    return lhs.get() < rhs.get();
+}
+
+template <class T, class U>
+auto operator<=(const not_null<T>& lhs, const not_null<U>& rhs) noexcept(noexcept(lhs.get() <= rhs.get())) -> decltype(lhs.get() <= rhs.get())
+{
+    return lhs.get() <= rhs.get();
+}
+
+template <class T, class U>
+auto operator>(const not_null<T>& lhs, const not_null<U>& rhs) noexcept(noexcept(lhs.get() > rhs.get())) -> decltype(lhs.get() > rhs.get())
+{
+    return lhs.get() > rhs.get();
+}
+
+template <class T, class U>
+auto operator>=(const not_null<T>& lhs, const not_null<U>& rhs) noexcept(noexcept(lhs.get() >= rhs.get())) -> decltype(lhs.get() >= rhs.get())
+{
+    return lhs.get() >= rhs.get();
+}
+
+// more unwanted operators
+template <class T, class U>
+std::ptrdiff_t operator-(const not_null<T>&, const not_null<U>&) = delete;
+template <class T>
+not_null<T> operator-(const not_null<T>&, std::ptrdiff_t) = delete;
+template <class T>
+not_null<T> operator+(const not_null<T>&, std::ptrdiff_t) = delete;
+template <class T>
+not_null<T> operator+(std::ptrdiff_t, const not_null<T>&) = delete;
+
+} // namespace gsl
+
+namespace std
+{
+template <class T>
+struct hash<gsl::not_null<T>>
+{
+    std::size_t operator()(const gsl::not_null<T>& value) const { return hash<T>{}(value.get()); }
+};
+
+} // namespace std
+
+namespace gsl
+{
+
+//
+// strict_not_null
+//
+// Restricts a pointer or smart pointer to only hold non-null values,
+//
+// - provides a strict (i.e. explicit constructor from T) wrapper of not_null
+// - to be used for new code that wishes the design to be cleaner and make not_null
+//   checks intentional, or in old code that would like to make the transition.
+//
+//   To make the transition from not_null, incrementally replace not_null
+//   by strict_not_null and fix compilation errors
+//
+//   Expect to
+//   - remove all unneeded conversions from raw pointer to not_null and back
+//   - make API clear by specifying not_null in parameters where needed
+//   - remove unnecessary asserts
+//
+template <class T>
+class strict_not_null: public not_null<T>
+{
+public:
+
+    template <typename U, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>>
+    constexpr explicit strict_not_null(U&& u) :
+        not_null<T>(std::forward<U>(u))
+    {}
+
+    template <typename = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<std::nullptr_t, T>::value>>
+    constexpr explicit strict_not_null(T u) :
+        not_null<T>(u)
+    {}
+
+    template <typename U, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>>
+    constexpr strict_not_null(const not_null<U>& other) :
+        not_null<T>(other)
+    {}
+
+    template <typename U, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>>
+    constexpr strict_not_null(const strict_not_null<U>& other) :
+        not_null<T>(other)
+    {}
+
+    strict_not_null(strict_not_null&& other) = default;
+    strict_not_null(const strict_not_null& other) = default;
+    strict_not_null& operator=(const strict_not_null& other) = default;
+    strict_not_null& operator=(const not_null<T>& other)
+    {
+        not_null<T>::operator=(other);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    // prevents compilation when someone attempts to assign a null pointer constant
+    strict_not_null(std::nullptr_t) = delete;
+    strict_not_null& operator=(std::nullptr_t) = delete;
+
+    // unwanted operators...pointers only point to single objects!
+    strict_not_null& operator++() = delete;
+    strict_not_null& operator--() = delete;
+    strict_not_null operator++(int) = delete;
+    strict_not_null operator--(int) = delete;
+    strict_not_null& operator+=(std::ptrdiff_t) = delete;
+    strict_not_null& operator-=(std::ptrdiff_t) = delete;
+    void operator[](std::ptrdiff_t) const = delete;
+};
+
+// more unwanted operators
+template <class T, class U>
+std::ptrdiff_t operator-(const strict_not_null<T>&, const strict_not_null<U>&) = delete;
+template <class T>
+strict_not_null<T> operator-(const strict_not_null<T>&, std::ptrdiff_t) = delete;
+template <class T>
+strict_not_null<T> operator+(const strict_not_null<T>&, std::ptrdiff_t) = delete;
+template <class T>
+strict_not_null<T> operator+(std::ptrdiff_t, const strict_not_null<T>&) = delete;
+
+template <class T>
+auto make_strict_not_null(T&& t) noexcept {
+    return strict_not_null<std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<T>>>{std::forward<T>(t)};
+}
+
+#if ( defined(__cpp_deduction_guides) && (__cpp_deduction_guides >= 201611L) )
+
+// deduction guides to prevent the ctad-maybe-unsupported warning
+template <class T> not_null(T) -> not_null<T>;
+template <class T> strict_not_null(T) -> strict_not_null<T>;
+
+#endif // ( defined(__cpp_deduction_guides) && (__cpp_deduction_guides >= 201611L) )
+
+} // namespace gsl
+
+namespace std
+{
+template <class T>
+struct hash<gsl::strict_not_null<T>>
+{
+    std::size_t operator()(const gsl::strict_not_null<T>& value) const { return hash<T>{}(value.get()); }
+};
+
+} // namespace std
+
+#endif // GSL_POINTERS_H

data/ext/third_party/gsl/include/gsl/span

@@ -0,0 +1,816 @@
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+//
+// This code is licensed under the MIT License (MIT).
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+// THE SOFTWARE.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#ifndef GSL_SPAN_H
+#define GSL_SPAN_H
+
+#include <gsl/gsl_assert> // for Expects
+#include <gsl/gsl_byte>   // for byte
+
+#include <array>       // for array
+#include <cstddef>     // for ptrdiff_t, size_t, nullptr_t
+#include <iterator>    // for reverse_iterator, distance, random_access_...
+#include <type_traits> // for enable_if_t, declval, is_convertible, inte...
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
+#pragma warning(push)
+
+// turn off some warnings that are noisy about our Expects statements
+#pragma warning(disable : 4127) // conditional expression is constant
+#pragma warning(                                                                                   \
+    disable : 4146) // unary minus operator applied to unsigned type, result still unsigned
+#pragma warning(disable : 4702) // unreachable code
+
+// Turn MSVC /analyze rules that generate too much noise. TODO: fix in the tool.
+#pragma warning(disable : 26495) // uninitalized member when constructor calls constructor
+#pragma warning(disable : 26446) // parser bug does not allow attributes on some templates
+
+#endif // _MSC_VER
+
+// See if we have enough C++17 power to use a static constexpr data member
+// without needing an out-of-line definition
+#if !(defined(__cplusplus) && (__cplusplus >= 201703L))
+#define GSL_USE_STATIC_CONSTEXPR_WORKAROUND
+#endif // !(defined(__cplusplus) && (__cplusplus >= 201703L))
+
+// GCC 7 does not like the signed unsigned missmatch (size_t ptrdiff_t)
+// While there is a conversion from signed to unsigned, it happens at
+// compiletime, so the compiler wouldn't have to warn indiscriminately, but
+// could check if the source value actually doesn't fit into the target type
+// and only warn in those cases.
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ > 6
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-conversion"
+#endif
+
+namespace gsl
+{
+
+// [views.constants], constants
+constexpr const std::size_t dynamic_extent = static_cast<std::size_t>(-1);
+
+template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
+class span;
+
+// implementation details
+namespace details
+{
+    template <class T>
+    struct is_span_oracle : std::false_type
+    {
+    };
+
+    template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+    struct is_span_oracle<gsl::span<ElementType, Extent>> : std::true_type
+    {
+    };
+
+    template <class T>
+    struct is_span : public is_span_oracle<std::remove_cv_t<T>>
+    {
+    };
+
+    template <class T>
+    struct is_std_array_oracle : std::false_type
+    {
+    };
+
+    template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+    struct is_std_array_oracle<std::array<ElementType, Extent>> : std::true_type
+    {
+    };
+
+    template <class T>
+    struct is_std_array : is_std_array_oracle<std::remove_cv_t<T>>
+    {
+    };
+
+    template <std::size_t From, std::size_t To>
+    struct is_allowed_extent_conversion
+        : std::integral_constant<bool, From == To || To == dynamic_extent>
+    {
+    };
+
+    template <class From, class To>
+    struct is_allowed_element_type_conversion
+        : std::integral_constant<bool, std::is_convertible<From (*)[], To (*)[]>::value>
+    {
+    };
+
+    template <class Type>
+    class span_iterator
+    {
+    public:
+        using iterator_category = std::random_access_iterator_tag;
+        using value_type = std::remove_cv_t<Type>;
+        using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+        using pointer = Type*;
+        using reference = Type&;
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+        using _Unchecked_type = pointer;
+#endif // _MSC_VER
+        constexpr span_iterator() = default;
+
+        constexpr span_iterator(pointer begin, pointer end, pointer current)
+            : begin_(begin), end_(end), current_(current)
+        {}
+
+        constexpr operator span_iterator<const Type>() const noexcept
+        {
+            return {begin_, end_, current_};
+        }
+
+        constexpr reference operator*() const noexcept
+        {
+            Expects(begin_ && end_);
+            Expects(begin_ <= current_ && current_ < end_);
+            return *current_;
+        }
+
+        constexpr pointer operator->() const noexcept
+        {
+            Expects(begin_ && end_);
+            Expects(begin_ <= current_ && current_ < end_);
+            return current_;
+        }
+        constexpr span_iterator& operator++() noexcept
+        {
+            Expects(begin_ && current_ && end_);
+            Expects(current_ < end_);
+            ++current_;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        constexpr span_iterator operator++(int) noexcept
+        {
+            span_iterator ret = *this;
+            ++*this;
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        constexpr span_iterator& operator--() noexcept
+        {
+            Expects(begin_ && end_);
+            Expects(begin_ < current_);
+            --current_;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        constexpr span_iterator operator--(int) noexcept
+        {
+            span_iterator ret = *this;
+            --*this;
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        constexpr span_iterator& operator+=(const difference_type n) noexcept
+        {
+            if (n != 0) Expects(begin_ && current_ && end_);
+            if (n > 0) Expects(end_ - current_ >= n);
+            if (n < 0) Expects(current_ - begin_ >= -n);
+            current_ += n;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        constexpr span_iterator operator+(const difference_type n) const noexcept
+        {
+            span_iterator ret = *this;
+            ret += n;
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        friend constexpr span_iterator operator+(const difference_type n,
+                                                 const span_iterator& rhs) noexcept
+        {
+            return rhs + n;
+        }
+
+        constexpr span_iterator& operator-=(const difference_type n) noexcept
+        {
+            if (n != 0) Expects(begin_ && current_ && end_);
+            if (n > 0) Expects(current_ - begin_ >= n);
+            if (n < 0) Expects(end_ - current_ >= -n);
+            current_ -= n;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        constexpr span_iterator operator-(const difference_type n) const noexcept
+        {
+            span_iterator ret = *this;
+            ret -= n;
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        template <
+            class Type2,
+            std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<std::remove_cv_t<Type2>, value_type>::value, int> = 0>
+        constexpr difference_type operator-(const span_iterator<Type2>& rhs) const noexcept
+        {
+            Expects(begin_ == rhs.begin_ && end_ == rhs.end_);
+            return current_ - rhs.current_;
+        }
+
+        constexpr reference operator[](const difference_type n) const noexcept
+        {
+            return *(*this + n);
+        }
+
+        template <
+            class Type2,
+            std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<std::remove_cv_t<Type2>, value_type>::value, int> = 0>
+        constexpr bool operator==(const span_iterator<Type2>& rhs) const noexcept
+        {
+            Expects(begin_ == rhs.begin_ && end_ == rhs.end_);
+            return current_ == rhs.current_;
+        }
+
+        template <
+            class Type2,
+            std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<std::remove_cv_t<Type2>, value_type>::value, int> = 0>
+        constexpr bool operator!=(const span_iterator<Type2>& rhs) const noexcept
+        {
+            return !(*this == rhs);
+        }
+
+        template <
+            class Type2,
+            std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<std::remove_cv_t<Type2>, value_type>::value, int> = 0>
+        constexpr bool operator<(const span_iterator<Type2>& rhs) const noexcept
+        {
+            Expects(begin_ == rhs.begin_ && end_ == rhs.end_);
+            return current_ < rhs.current_;
+        }
+
+        template <
+            class Type2,
+            std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<std::remove_cv_t<Type2>, value_type>::value, int> = 0>
+        constexpr bool operator>(const span_iterator<Type2>& rhs) const noexcept
+        {
+            return rhs < *this;
+        }
+
+        template <
+            class Type2,
+            std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<std::remove_cv_t<Type2>, value_type>::value, int> = 0>
+        constexpr bool operator<=(const span_iterator<Type2>& rhs) const noexcept
+        {
+            return !(rhs < *this);
+        }
+
+        template <
+            class Type2,
+            std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<std::remove_cv_t<Type2>, value_type>::value, int> = 0>
+        constexpr bool operator>=(const span_iterator<Type2>& rhs) const noexcept
+        {
+            return !(*this < rhs);
+        }
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+        // MSVC++ iterator debugging support; allows STL algorithms in 15.8+
+        // to unwrap span_iterator to a pointer type after a range check in STL
+        // algorithm calls
+        friend constexpr void _Verify_range(span_iterator lhs, span_iterator rhs) noexcept
+        { // test that [lhs, rhs) forms a valid range inside an STL algorithm
+            Expects(lhs.begin_ == rhs.begin_ // range spans have to match
+                    && lhs.end_ == rhs.end_ &&
+                    lhs.current_ <= rhs.current_); // range must not be transposed
+        }
+
+        constexpr void _Verify_offset(const difference_type n) const noexcept
+        { // test that *this + n is within the range of this call
+            if (n != 0) Expects(begin_ && current_ && end_);
+            if (n > 0) Expects(end_ - current_ >= n);
+            if (n < 0) Expects(current_ - begin_ >= -n);
+        }
+
+        // clang-format off
+        GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
+        // clang-format on
+        constexpr pointer _Unwrapped() const noexcept
+        { // after seeking *this to a high water mark, or using one of the
+            // _Verify_xxx functions above, unwrap this span_iterator to a raw
+            // pointer
+            return current_;
+        }
+
+        // Tell the STL that span_iterator should not be unwrapped if it can't
+        // validate in advance, even in release / optimized builds:
+#if defined(GSL_USE_STATIC_CONSTEXPR_WORKAROUND)
+        static constexpr const bool _Unwrap_when_unverified = false;
+#else
+        static constexpr bool _Unwrap_when_unverified = false;
+#endif
+        // clang-format off
+        GSL_SUPPRESS(con.3) // NO-FORMAT: attribute // TODO: false positive
+        // clang-format on
+        constexpr void _Seek_to(const pointer p) noexcept
+        { // adjust the position of *this to previously verified location p
+            // after _Unwrapped
+            current_ = p;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        pointer begin_ = nullptr;
+        pointer end_ = nullptr;
+        pointer current_ = nullptr;
+    };
+
+    template <std::size_t Ext>
+    class extent_type
+    {
+    public:
+        using size_type = std::size_t;
+
+        constexpr extent_type() noexcept = default;
+
+        constexpr explicit extent_type(extent_type<dynamic_extent>);
+
+        constexpr explicit extent_type(size_type size) { Expects(size == Ext); }
+
+        constexpr size_type size() const noexcept { return Ext; }
+
+    private:
+#if defined(GSL_USE_STATIC_CONSTEXPR_WORKAROUND)
+        static constexpr const size_type size_ = Ext; // static size equal to Ext
+#else
+        static constexpr size_type size_ = Ext; // static size equal to Ext
+#endif
+    };
+
+    template <>
+    class extent_type<dynamic_extent>
+    {
+    public:
+        using size_type = std::size_t;
+
+        template <size_type Other>
+        constexpr explicit extent_type(extent_type<Other> ext) : size_(ext.size())
+        {}
+
+        constexpr explicit extent_type(size_type size) : size_(size)
+        {
+            Expects(size != dynamic_extent);
+        }
+
+        constexpr size_type size() const noexcept { return size_; }
+
+    private:
+        size_type size_;
+    };
+
+    template <std::size_t Ext>
+    constexpr extent_type<Ext>::extent_type(extent_type<dynamic_extent> ext)
+    {
+        Expects(ext.size() == Ext);
+    }
+
+    template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent, std::size_t Offset, std::size_t Count>
+    struct calculate_subspan_type
+    {
+        using type = span<ElementType, Count != dynamic_extent
+                                           ? Count
+                                           : (Extent != dynamic_extent ? Extent - Offset : Extent)>;
+    };
+} // namespace details
+
+// [span], class template span
+template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+class span
+{
+public:
+    // constants and types
+    using element_type = ElementType;
+    using value_type = std::remove_cv_t<ElementType>;
+    using size_type = std::size_t;
+    using pointer = element_type*;
+    using const_pointer = const element_type*;
+    using reference = element_type&;
+    using const_reference = const element_type&;
+    using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+
+    using iterator = details::span_iterator<ElementType>;
+    using reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
+
+#if defined(GSL_USE_STATIC_CONSTEXPR_WORKAROUND)
+    static constexpr const size_type extent{Extent};
+#else
+    static constexpr size_type extent{Extent};
+#endif
+
+    // [span.cons], span constructors, copy, assignment, and destructor
+    template <bool Dependent = false,
+              // "Dependent" is needed to make "std::enable_if_t<Dependent || Extent == 0 || Extent
+              // == dynamic_extent>" SFINAE, since "std::enable_if_t<Extent == 0 || Extent ==
+              // dynamic_extent>" is ill-formed when Extent is greater than 0.
+              class = std::enable_if_t<(Dependent ||
+                                        details::is_allowed_extent_conversion<0, Extent>::value)>>
+    constexpr span() noexcept : storage_(nullptr, details::extent_type<0>())
+    {}
+
+    template <std::size_t MyExtent = Extent, std::enable_if_t<MyExtent != dynamic_extent, int> = 0>
+    constexpr explicit span(pointer ptr, size_type count) noexcept : storage_(ptr, count)
+    {
+        Expects(count == Extent);
+    }
+
+    template <std::size_t MyExtent = Extent, std::enable_if_t<MyExtent == dynamic_extent, int> = 0>
+    constexpr span(pointer ptr, size_type count) noexcept : storage_(ptr, count)
+    {}
+
+    template <std::size_t MyExtent = Extent, std::enable_if_t<MyExtent != dynamic_extent, int> = 0>
+    constexpr explicit span(pointer firstElem, pointer lastElem) noexcept
+        : storage_(firstElem, static_cast<std::size_t>(lastElem - firstElem))
+    {
+        Expects(lastElem - firstElem == static_cast<difference_type>(Extent));
+    }
+
+    template <std::size_t MyExtent = Extent, std::enable_if_t<MyExtent == dynamic_extent, int> = 0>
+    constexpr span(pointer firstElem, pointer lastElem) noexcept
+        : storage_(firstElem, static_cast<std::size_t>(lastElem - firstElem))
+    {}
+
+    template <std::size_t N,
+              std::enable_if_t<details::is_allowed_extent_conversion<N, Extent>::value, int> = 0>
+    constexpr span(element_type (&arr)[N]) noexcept
+        : storage_(KnownNotNull{arr + 0}, details::extent_type<N>())
+    {}
+
+    template <
+        class T, std::size_t N,
+        std::enable_if_t<(details::is_allowed_extent_conversion<N, Extent>::value &&
+                          details::is_allowed_element_type_conversion<T, element_type>::value),
+                         int> = 0>
+    constexpr span(std::array<T, N>& arr) noexcept
+        : storage_(KnownNotNull{arr.data()}, details::extent_type<N>())
+    {}
+
+    template <class T, std::size_t N,
+              std::enable_if_t<
+                  (details::is_allowed_extent_conversion<N, Extent>::value &&
+                   details::is_allowed_element_type_conversion<const T, element_type>::value),
+                  int> = 0>
+    constexpr span(const std::array<T, N>& arr) noexcept
+        : storage_(KnownNotNull{arr.data()}, details::extent_type<N>())
+    {}
+
+    // NB: the SFINAE on these constructors uses .data() as an incomplete/imperfect proxy for the
+    // requirement on Container to be a contiguous sequence container.
+    template <std::size_t MyExtent = Extent, class Container,
+              std::enable_if_t<
+                  MyExtent != dynamic_extent &&
+                  !details::is_span<Container>::value && !details::is_std_array<Container>::value &&
+                  std::is_pointer<decltype(std::declval<Container&>().data())>::value &&
+                  std::is_convertible<
+                      std::remove_pointer_t<decltype(std::declval<Container&>().data())> (*)[],
+                      element_type (*)[]>::value, int> = 0>
+    constexpr explicit span(Container& cont) noexcept : span(cont.data(), cont.size())
+    {}
+
+    template <std::size_t MyExtent = Extent, class Container,
+              std::enable_if_t<
+                  MyExtent == dynamic_extent &&
+                  !details::is_span<Container>::value && !details::is_std_array<Container>::value &&
+                  std::is_pointer<decltype(std::declval<Container&>().data())>::value &&
+                  std::is_convertible<
+                      std::remove_pointer_t<decltype(std::declval<Container&>().data())> (*)[],
+                      element_type (*)[]>::value, int> = 0>
+    constexpr span(Container& cont) noexcept : span(cont.data(), cont.size())
+    {}
+
+    template <std::size_t MyExtent = Extent, class Container,
+              std::enable_if_t<
+                  MyExtent != dynamic_extent &&
+                  std::is_const<element_type>::value && !details::is_span<Container>::value &&
+                  !details::is_std_array<Container>::value &&
+                  std::is_pointer<decltype(std::declval<const Container&>().data())>::value &&
+                  std::is_convertible<std::remove_pointer_t<
+                      decltype(std::declval<const Container&>().data())> (*)[],
+                      element_type (*)[]>::value, int> = 0>
+    constexpr explicit span(const Container& cont) noexcept : span(cont.data(), cont.size())
+    {}
+
+    template <std::size_t MyExtent = Extent, class Container,
+              std::enable_if_t<
+                  MyExtent == dynamic_extent &&
+                  std::is_const<element_type>::value && !details::is_span<Container>::value &&
+                  !details::is_std_array<Container>::value &&
+                  std::is_pointer<decltype(std::declval<const Container&>().data())>::value &&
+                  std::is_convertible<std::remove_pointer_t<
+                      decltype(std::declval<const Container&>().data())> (*)[],
+                      element_type (*)[]>::value, int> = 0>
+    constexpr span(const Container& cont) noexcept : span(cont.data(), cont.size())
+    {}
+
+    constexpr span(const span& other) noexcept = default;
+
+    template <
+        class OtherElementType, std::size_t OtherExtent, std::size_t MyExtent = Extent,
+        std::enable_if_t<
+            (MyExtent == dynamic_extent || MyExtent == OtherExtent) &&
+            details::is_allowed_element_type_conversion<OtherElementType, element_type>::value, int> = 0>
+    constexpr span(const span<OtherElementType, OtherExtent>& other) noexcept
+        : storage_(other.data(), details::extent_type<OtherExtent>(other.size()))
+    {}
+
+    template <
+        class OtherElementType, std::size_t OtherExtent, std::size_t MyExtent = Extent,
+        std::enable_if_t<
+            MyExtent != dynamic_extent && OtherExtent == dynamic_extent &&
+            details::is_allowed_element_type_conversion<OtherElementType, element_type>::value, int> = 0>
+    constexpr explicit span(const span<OtherElementType, OtherExtent>& other) noexcept
+        : storage_(other.data(), details::extent_type<OtherExtent>(other.size()))
+    {}
+
+    ~span() noexcept = default;
+    constexpr span& operator=(const span& other) noexcept = default;
+
+    // [span.sub], span subviews
+    template <std::size_t Count>
+    constexpr span<element_type, Count> first() const noexcept
+    {
+        Expects(Count <= size());
+        return span<element_type, Count>{data(), Count};
+    }
+
+    template <std::size_t Count>
+    // clang-format off
+    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
+        // clang-format on
+        constexpr span<element_type, Count> last() const noexcept
+    {
+        Expects(Count <= size());
+        return span<element_type, Count>{data() + (size() - Count), Count};
+    }
+
+    template <std::size_t Offset, std::size_t Count = dynamic_extent>
+    // clang-format off
+    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
+        // clang-format on
+        constexpr auto subspan() const noexcept ->
+        typename details::calculate_subspan_type<ElementType, Extent, Offset, Count>::type
+    {
+        Expects((size() >= Offset) && (Count == dynamic_extent || (Count <= size() - Offset)));
+        using type = typename details::calculate_subspan_type<ElementType, Extent, Offset, Count>::type;
+        return type{data() + Offset, Count == dynamic_extent ? size() - Offset : Count};
+    }
+
+    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> first(size_type count) const noexcept
+    {
+        Expects(count <= size());
+        return {data(), count};
+    }
+
+    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> last(size_type count) const noexcept
+    {
+        Expects(count <= size());
+        return make_subspan(size() - count, dynamic_extent, subspan_selector<Extent>{});
+    }
+
+    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> subspan(size_type offset,
+                                                         size_type count = dynamic_extent) const
+        noexcept
+    {
+        return make_subspan(offset, count, subspan_selector<Extent>{});
+    }
+
+    // [span.obs], span observers
+    constexpr size_type size() const noexcept { return storage_.size(); }
+
+    constexpr size_type size_bytes() const noexcept
+    {
+        Expects(size() < dynamic_extent / sizeof(element_type));
+        return size() * sizeof(element_type);
+    }
+
+    constexpr bool empty() const noexcept { return size() == 0; }
+
+    // [span.elem], span element access
+    // clang-format off
+    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
+    // clang-format on
+    constexpr reference operator[](size_type idx) const noexcept
+    {
+        Expects(idx < size());
+        return data()[idx];
+    }
+
+    constexpr reference front() const noexcept
+    {
+        Expects(size() > 0);
+        return data()[0];
+    }
+
+    constexpr reference back() const noexcept
+    {
+        Expects(size() > 0);
+        return data()[size() - 1];
+    }
+
+    constexpr pointer data() const noexcept { return storage_.data(); }
+
+    // [span.iter], span iterator support
+    constexpr iterator begin() const noexcept
+    {
+        const auto data = storage_.data();
+        // clang-format off
+        GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
+        // clang-format on
+        return {data, data + size(), data};
+    }
+
+    constexpr iterator end() const noexcept
+    {
+        const auto data = storage_.data();
+        // clang-format off
+        GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
+        // clang-format on
+        const auto endData = data + storage_.size();
+        return {data, endData, endData};
+    }
+
+    constexpr reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator{end()}; }
+    constexpr reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator{begin()}; }
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+    // Tell MSVC how to unwrap spans in range-based-for
+    constexpr pointer _Unchecked_begin() const noexcept { return data(); }
+    constexpr pointer _Unchecked_end() const noexcept
+    {
+        // clang-format off
+        GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
+        // clang-format on
+        return data() + size();
+    }
+#endif // _MSC_VER
+
+private:
+    // Needed to remove unnecessary null check in subspans
+    struct KnownNotNull
+    {
+        pointer p;
+    };
+
+    // this implementation detail class lets us take advantage of the
+    // empty base class optimization to pay for only storage of a single
+    // pointer in the case of fixed-size spans
+    template <class ExtentType>
+    class storage_type : public ExtentType
+    {
+    public:
+        // KnownNotNull parameter is needed to remove unnecessary null check
+        // in subspans and constructors from arrays
+        template <class OtherExtentType>
+        constexpr storage_type(KnownNotNull data, OtherExtentType ext)
+            : ExtentType(ext), data_(data.p)
+        {
+            Expects(ExtentType::size() != dynamic_extent);
+        }
+
+        template <class OtherExtentType>
+        constexpr storage_type(pointer data, OtherExtentType ext) : ExtentType(ext), data_(data)
+        {
+            Expects(ExtentType::size() != dynamic_extent);
+            Expects(data || ExtentType::size() == 0);
+        }
+
+        constexpr pointer data() const noexcept { return data_; }
+
+    private:
+        pointer data_;
+    };
+
+    storage_type<details::extent_type<Extent>> storage_;
+
+    // The rest is needed to remove unnecessary null check
+    // in subspans and constructors from arrays
+    constexpr span(KnownNotNull ptr, size_type count) noexcept : storage_(ptr, count) {}
+
+    template <std::size_t CallerExtent>
+    class subspan_selector
+    {
+    };
+
+    template <std::size_t CallerExtent>
+    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> make_subspan(size_type offset, size_type count,
+                                                              subspan_selector<CallerExtent>) const
+        noexcept
+    {
+        const span<element_type, dynamic_extent> tmp(*this);
+        return tmp.subspan(offset, count);
+    }
+
+    // clang-format off
+    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
+    // clang-format on
+    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent>
+    make_subspan(size_type offset, size_type count, subspan_selector<dynamic_extent>) const noexcept
+    {
+        Expects(size() >= offset);
+
+        if (count == dynamic_extent) { return {KnownNotNull{data() + offset}, size() - offset}; }
+
+        Expects(size() - offset >= count);
+        return {KnownNotNull{data() + offset}, count};
+    }
+};
+
+#if (defined(__cpp_deduction_guides) && (__cpp_deduction_guides >= 201611L))
+
+// Deduction Guides
+template <class Type, std::size_t Extent>
+span(Type (&)[Extent])->span<Type, Extent>;
+
+template <class Type, std::size_t Size>
+span(std::array<Type, Size>&)->span<Type, Size>;
+
+template <class Type, std::size_t Size>
+span(const std::array<Type, Size>&)->span<const Type, Size>;
+
+template <class Container,
+    class Element = std::remove_pointer_t<decltype(std::declval<Container&>().data())>>
+span(Container&)->span<Element>;
+
+template <class Container,
+    class Element = std::remove_pointer_t<decltype(std::declval<const Container&>().data())>>
+span(const Container&)->span<Element>;
+
+#endif // ( defined(__cpp_deduction_guides) && (__cpp_deduction_guides >= 201611L) )
+
+#if defined(GSL_USE_STATIC_CONSTEXPR_WORKAROUND)
+template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+constexpr const typename span<ElementType, Extent>::size_type span<ElementType, Extent>::extent;
+#endif
+
+namespace details
+{
+    // if we only supported compilers with good constexpr support then
+    // this pair of classes could collapse down to a constexpr function
+
+    // we should use a narrow_cast<> to go to std::size_t, but older compilers may not see it as
+    // constexpr
+    // and so will fail compilation of the template
+    template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+    struct calculate_byte_size : std::integral_constant<std::size_t, sizeof(ElementType) * Extent>
+    {
+        static_assert(Extent < dynamic_extent / sizeof(ElementType), "Size is too big.");
+    };
+
+    template <class ElementType>
+    struct calculate_byte_size<ElementType, dynamic_extent>
+        : std::integral_constant<std::size_t, dynamic_extent>
+    {
+    };
+} // namespace details
+
+// [span.objectrep], views of object representation
+template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+span<const byte, details::calculate_byte_size<ElementType, Extent>::value>
+as_bytes(span<ElementType, Extent> s) noexcept
+{
+    using type = span<const byte, details::calculate_byte_size<ElementType, Extent>::value>;
+
+    // clang-format off
+    GSL_SUPPRESS(type.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
+    // clang-format on
+    return type{reinterpret_cast<const byte*>(s.data()), s.size_bytes()};
+}
+
+template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent,
+          std::enable_if_t<!std::is_const<ElementType>::value, int> = 0>
+span<byte, details::calculate_byte_size<ElementType, Extent>::value>
+as_writable_bytes(span<ElementType, Extent> s) noexcept
+{
+    using type = span<byte, details::calculate_byte_size<ElementType, Extent>::value>;
+
+    // clang-format off
+    GSL_SUPPRESS(type.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
+    // clang-format on
+    return type{reinterpret_cast<byte*>(s.data()), s.size_bytes()};
+}
+
+} // namespace gsl
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
+
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif // _MSC_VER
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ > 6
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif // __GNUC__ > 6
+
+#endif // GSL_SPAN_H