core_ext 0.0.1

data/lib/core_ext/module/anonymous.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+class Module
+  # A module may or may not have a name.
+  #
+  #   module M; end
+  #   M.name # => "M"
+  #
+  #   m = Module.new
+  #   m.name # => nil
+  #
+  # +anonymous?+ method returns true if module does not have a name, false otherwise:
+  #
+  #   Module.new.anonymous? # => true
+  #
+  #   module M; end
+  #   M.anonymous?          # => false
+  #
+  # A module gets a name when it is first assigned to a constant. Either
+  # via the +module+ or +class+ keyword or by an explicit assignment:
+  #
+  #   m = Module.new # creates an anonymous module
+  #   m.anonymous?   # => true
+  #   M = m          # m gets a name here as a side-effect
+  #   m.name         # => "M"
+  #   m.anonymous?   # => false
+  def anonymous?
+    name.nil?
+  end
+end

data/lib/core_ext/module/attr_internal.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+class Module
+  # Declares an attribute reader backed by an internally-named instance variable.
+  def attr_internal_reader(*attrs)
+    attrs.each {|attr_name| attr_internal_define(attr_name, :reader)}
+  end
+
+  # Declares an attribute writer backed by an internally-named instance variable.
+  def attr_internal_writer(*attrs)
+    attrs.each {|attr_name| attr_internal_define(attr_name, :writer)}
+  end
+
+  # Declares an attribute reader and writer backed by an internally-named instance
+  # variable.
+  def attr_internal_accessor(*attrs)
+    attr_internal_reader(*attrs)
+    attr_internal_writer(*attrs)
+  end
+  alias_method :attr_internal, :attr_internal_accessor
+
+  class << self; attr_accessor :attr_internal_naming_format end
+  self.attr_internal_naming_format = '@_%s'
+
+  private
+    def attr_internal_ivar_name(attr)
+      Module.attr_internal_naming_format % attr
+    end
+
+    def attr_internal_define(attr_name, type)
+      internal_name = attr_internal_ivar_name(attr_name).sub(/\A@/, '')
+      # use native attr_* methods as they are faster on some Ruby implementations
+      send("attr_#{type}", internal_name)
+      attr_name, internal_name = "#{attr_name}=", "#{internal_name}=" if type == :writer
+      alias_method attr_name, internal_name
+      remove_method internal_name
+    end
+end

data/lib/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+require 'core_ext/array/extract_options'
+
+# Extends the module object with class/module and instance accessors for
+# class/module attributes, just like the native attr* accessors for instance
+# attributes.
+class Module
+  # Defines a class attribute and creates a class and instance reader methods.
+  # The underlying class variable is set to +nil+, if it is not previously
+  # defined.
+  #
+  #   module HairColors
+  #     mattr_reader :hair_colors
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   HairColors.hair_colors # => nil
+  #   HairColors.class_variable_set("@@hair_colors", [:brown, :black])
+  #   HairColors.hair_colors # => [:brown, :black]
+  #
+  # The attribute name must be a valid method name in Ruby.
+  #
+  #   module Foo
+  #     mattr_reader :"1_Badname"
+  #   end
+  #   # => NameError: invalid attribute name: 1_Badname
+  #
+  # If you want to opt out the creation on the instance reader method, pass
+  # <tt>instance_reader: false</tt> or <tt>instance_accessor: false</tt>.
+  #
+  #   module HairColors
+  #     mattr_writer :hair_colors, instance_reader: false
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   class Person
+  #     include HairColors
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Person.new.hair_colors # => NoMethodError
+  #
+  #
+  # Also, you can pass a block to set up the attribute with a default value.
+  #
+  #   module HairColors
+  #     cattr_reader :hair_colors do
+  #       [:brown, :black, :blonde, :red]
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   class Person
+  #     include HairColors
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Person.hair_colors # => [:brown, :black, :blonde, :red]
+  def mattr_reader(*syms)
+    options = syms.extract_options!
+    syms.each do |sym|
+      raise NameError.new("invalid attribute name: #{sym}") unless sym =~ /\A[_A-Za-z]\w*\z/
+      class_eval(<<-EOS, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)
+        @@#{sym} = nil unless defined? @@#{sym}
+
+        def self.#{sym}
+          @@#{sym}
+        end
+      EOS
+
+      unless options[:instance_reader] == false || options[:instance_accessor] == false
+        class_eval(<<-EOS, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)
+          def #{sym}
+            @@#{sym}
+          end
+        EOS
+      end
+      class_variable_set("@@#{sym}", yield) if block_given?
+    end
+  end
+  alias :cattr_reader :mattr_reader
+
+  # Defines a class attribute and creates a class and instance writer methods to
+  # allow assignment to the attribute.
+  #
+  #   module HairColors
+  #     mattr_writer :hair_colors
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   class Person
+  #     include HairColors
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   HairColors.hair_colors = [:brown, :black]
+  #   Person.class_variable_get("@@hair_colors") # => [:brown, :black]
+  #   Person.new.hair_colors = [:blonde, :red]
+  #   HairColors.class_variable_get("@@hair_colors") # => [:blonde, :red]
+  #
+  # If you want to opt out the instance writer method, pass
+  # <tt>instance_writer: false</tt> or <tt>instance_accessor: false</tt>.
+  #
+  #   module HairColors
+  #     mattr_writer :hair_colors, instance_writer: false
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   class Person
+  #     include HairColors
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Person.new.hair_colors = [:blonde, :red] # => NoMethodError
+  #
+  # Also, you can pass a block to set up the attribute with a default value.
+  #
+  #   class HairColors
+  #     mattr_writer :hair_colors do
+  #       [:brown, :black, :blonde, :red]
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   class Person
+  #     include HairColors
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Person.class_variable_get("@@hair_colors") # => [:brown, :black, :blonde, :red]
+  def mattr_writer(*syms)
+    options = syms.extract_options!
+    syms.each do |sym|
+      raise NameError.new("invalid attribute name: #{sym}") unless sym =~ /\A[_A-Za-z]\w*\z/
+      class_eval(<<-EOS, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)
+        @@#{sym} = nil unless defined? @@#{sym}
+
+        def self.#{sym}=(obj)
+          @@#{sym} = obj
+        end
+      EOS
+
+      unless options[:instance_writer] == false || options[:instance_accessor] == false
+        class_eval(<<-EOS, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)
+          def #{sym}=(obj)
+            @@#{sym} = obj
+          end
+        EOS
+      end
+      send("#{sym}=", yield) if block_given?
+    end
+  end
+  alias :cattr_writer :mattr_writer
+
+  # Defines both class and instance accessors for class attributes.
+  #
+  #   module HairColors
+  #     mattr_accessor :hair_colors
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   class Person
+  #     include HairColors
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Person.hair_colors = [:brown, :black, :blonde, :red]
+  #   Person.hair_colors     # => [:brown, :black, :blonde, :red]
+  #   Person.new.hair_colors # => [:brown, :black, :blonde, :red]
+  #
+  # If a subclass changes the value then that would also change the value for
+  # parent class. Similarly if parent class changes the value then that would
+  # change the value of subclasses too.
+  #
+  #   class Male < Person
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Male.hair_colors << :blue
+  #   Person.hair_colors # => [:brown, :black, :blonde, :red, :blue]
+  #
+  # To opt out of the instance writer method, pass <tt>instance_writer: false</tt>.
+  # To opt out of the instance reader method, pass <tt>instance_reader: false</tt>.
+  #
+  #   module HairColors
+  #     mattr_accessor :hair_colors, instance_writer: false, instance_reader: false
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   class Person
+  #     include HairColors
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Person.new.hair_colors = [:brown]  # => NoMethodError
+  #   Person.new.hair_colors             # => NoMethodError
+  #
+  # Or pass <tt>instance_accessor: false</tt>, to opt out both instance methods.
+  #
+  #   module HairColors
+  #     mattr_accessor :hair_colors, instance_accessor: false
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   class Person
+  #     include HairColors
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Person.new.hair_colors = [:brown]  # => NoMethodError
+  #   Person.new.hair_colors             # => NoMethodError
+  #
+  # Also you can pass a block to set up the attribute with a default value.
+  #
+  #   module HairColors
+  #     mattr_accessor :hair_colors do
+  #       [:brown, :black, :blonde, :red]
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   class Person
+  #     include HairColors
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Person.class_variable_get("@@hair_colors") # => [:brown, :black, :blonde, :red]
+  def mattr_accessor(*syms, &blk)
+    mattr_reader(*syms, &blk)
+    mattr_writer(*syms)
+  end
+  alias :cattr_accessor :mattr_accessor
+end

data/lib/core_ext/module/concerning.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+require 'core_ext/concern'
+
+class Module
+  # = Bite-sized separation of concerns
+  #
+  # We often find ourselves with a medium-sized chunk of behavior that we'd
+  # like to extract, but only mix in to a single class.
+  #
+  # Extracting a plain old Ruby object to encapsulate it and collaborate or
+  # delegate to the original object is often a good choice, but when there's
+  # no additional state to encapsulate or we're making DSL-style declarations
+  # about the parent class, introducing new collaborators can obfuscate rather
+  # than simplify.
+  #
+  # The typical route is to just dump everything in a monolithic class, perhaps
+  # with a comment, as a least-bad alternative. Using modules in separate files
+  # means tedious sifting to get a big-picture view.
+  #
+  # = Dissatisfying ways to separate small concerns
+  #
+  # == Using comments:
+  #
+  #   class Todo
+  #     # Other todo implementation
+  #     # ...
+  #
+  #     ## Event tracking
+  #     has_many :events
+  #
+  #     before_create :track_creation
+  #     after_destroy :track_deletion
+  #
+  #     private
+  #       def track_creation
+  #         # ...
+  #       end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # == With an inline module:
+  #
+  # Noisy syntax.
+  #
+  #   class Todo
+  #     # Other todo implementation
+  #     # ...
+  #
+  #     module EventTracking
+  #       extend CoreExt::Concern
+  #
+  #       included do
+  #         has_many :events
+  #         before_create :track_creation
+  #         after_destroy :track_deletion
+  #       end
+  #
+  #       private
+  #         def track_creation
+  #           # ...
+  #         end
+  #     end
+  #     include EventTracking
+  #   end
+  #
+  # == Mix-in noise exiled to its own file:
+  #
+  # Once our chunk of behavior starts pushing the scroll-to-understand-it
+  # boundary, we give in and move it to a separate file. At this size, the
+  # increased overhead can be a reasonable tradeoff even if it reduces our
+  # at-a-glance perception of how things work.
+  #
+  #   class Todo
+  #     # Other todo implementation
+  #     # ...
+  #
+  #     include TodoEventTracking
+  #   end
+  #
+  # = Introducing Module#concerning
+  #
+  # By quieting the mix-in noise, we arrive at a natural, low-ceremony way to
+  # separate bite-sized concerns.
+  #
+  #   class Todo
+  #     # Other todo implementation
+  #     # ...
+  #
+  #     concerning :EventTracking do
+  #       included do
+  #         has_many :events
+  #         before_create :track_creation
+  #         after_destroy :track_deletion
+  #       end
+  #
+  #       private
+  #         def track_creation
+  #           # ...
+  #         end
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Todo.ancestors
+  #   # => [Todo, Todo::EventTracking, Object]
+  #
+  # This small step has some wonderful ripple effects. We can
+  # * grok the behavior of our class in one glance,
+  # * clean up monolithic junk-drawer classes by separating their concerns, and
+  # * stop leaning on protected/private for crude "this is internal stuff" modularity.
+  module Concerning
+    # Define a new concern and mix it in.
+    def concerning(topic, &block)
+      include concern(topic, &block)
+    end
+
+    # A low-cruft shortcut to define a concern.
+    #
+    #   concern :EventTracking do
+    #     ...
+    #   end
+    #
+    # is equivalent to
+    #
+    #   module EventTracking
+    #     extend CoreExt::Concern
+    #
+    #     ...
+    #   end
+    def concern(topic, &module_definition)
+      const_set topic, Module.new {
+        extend ::CoreExt::Concern
+        module_eval(&module_definition)
+      }
+    end
+  end
+  include Concerning
+end

data/lib/core_ext/module/delegation.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+require 'set'
+
+class Module
+  # Error generated by +delegate+ when a method is called on +nil+ and +allow_nil+
+  # option is not used.
+  class DelegationError < NoMethodError; end
+
+  DELEGATION_RESERVED_METHOD_NAMES = Set.new(
+    %w(_ arg args alias and BEGIN begin block break case class def defined? do
+       else elsif END end ensure false for if in module next nil not or redo
+       rescue retry return self super then true undef unless until when while
+       yield)
+  ).freeze
+
+  # Provides a +delegate+ class method to easily expose contained objects'
+  # public methods as your own.
+  #
+  # ==== Options
+  # * <tt>:to</tt> - Specifies the target object
+  # * <tt>:prefix</tt> - Prefixes the new method with the target name or a custom prefix
+  # * <tt>:allow_nil</tt> - if set to true, prevents a +NoMethodError+ from being raised
+  #
+  # The macro receives one or more method names (specified as symbols or
+  # strings) and the name of the target object via the <tt>:to</tt> option
+  # (also a symbol or string).
+  #
+  # Delegation is particularly useful with Active Record associations:
+  #
+  #   class Greeter < ActiveRecord::Base
+  #     def hello
+  #       'hello'
+  #     end
+  #
+  #     def goodbye
+  #       'goodbye'
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   class Foo < ActiveRecord::Base
+  #     belongs_to :greeter
+  #     delegate :hello, to: :greeter
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Foo.new.hello   # => "hello"
+  #   Foo.new.goodbye # => NoMethodError: undefined method `goodbye' for #<Foo:0x1af30c>
+  #
+  # Multiple delegates to the same target are allowed:
+  #
+  #   class Foo < ActiveRecord::Base
+  #     belongs_to :greeter
+  #     delegate :hello, :goodbye, to: :greeter
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Foo.new.goodbye # => "goodbye"
+  #
+  # Methods can be delegated to instance variables, class variables, or constants
+  # by providing them as a symbols:
+  #
+  #   class Foo
+  #     CONSTANT_ARRAY = [0,1,2,3]
+  #     @@class_array  = [4,5,6,7]
+  #
+  #     def initialize
+  #       @instance_array = [8,9,10,11]
+  #     end
+  #     delegate :sum, to: :CONSTANT_ARRAY
+  #     delegate :min, to: :@@class_array
+  #     delegate :max, to: :@instance_array
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Foo.new.sum # => 6
+  #   Foo.new.min # => 4
+  #   Foo.new.max # => 11
+  #
+  # It's also possible to delegate a method to the class by using +:class+:
+  #
+  #   class Foo
+  #     def self.hello
+  #       "world"
+  #     end
+  #
+  #     delegate :hello, to: :class
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Foo.new.hello # => "world"
+  #
+  # Delegates can optionally be prefixed using the <tt>:prefix</tt> option. If the value
+  # is <tt>true</tt>, the delegate methods are prefixed with the name of the object being
+  # delegated to.
+  #
+  #   Person = Struct.new(:name, :address)
+  #
+  #   class Invoice < Struct.new(:client)
+  #     delegate :name, :address, to: :client, prefix: true
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   john_doe = Person.new('John Doe', 'Vimmersvej 13')
+  #   invoice = Invoice.new(john_doe)
+  #   invoice.client_name    # => "John Doe"
+  #   invoice.client_address # => "Vimmersvej 13"
+  #
+  # It is also possible to supply a custom prefix.
+  #
+  #   class Invoice < Struct.new(:client)
+  #     delegate :name, :address, to: :client, prefix: :customer
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   invoice = Invoice.new(john_doe)
+  #   invoice.customer_name    # => 'John Doe'
+  #   invoice.customer_address # => 'Vimmersvej 13'
+  #
+  # If the target is +nil+ and does not respond to the delegated method a
+  # +NoMethodError+ is raised, as with any other value. Sometimes, however, it
+  # makes sense to be robust to that situation and that is the purpose of the
+  # <tt>:allow_nil</tt> option: If the target is not +nil+, or it is and
+  # responds to the method, everything works as usual. But if it is +nil+ and
+  # does not respond to the delegated method, +nil+ is returned.
+  #
+  #   class User < ActiveRecord::Base
+  #     has_one :profile
+  #     delegate :age, to: :profile
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   User.new.age # raises NoMethodError: undefined method `age'
+  #
+  # But if not having a profile yet is fine and should not be an error
+  # condition:
+  #
+  #   class User < ActiveRecord::Base
+  #     has_one :profile
+  #     delegate :age, to: :profile, allow_nil: true
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   User.new.age # nil
+  #
+  # Note that if the target is not +nil+ then the call is attempted regardless of the
+  # <tt>:allow_nil</tt> option, and thus an exception is still raised if said object
+  # does not respond to the method:
+  #
+  #   class Foo
+  #     def initialize(bar)
+  #       @bar = bar
+  #     end
+  #
+  #     delegate :name, to: :@bar, allow_nil: true
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Foo.new("Bar").name # raises NoMethodError: undefined method `name'
+  #
+  # The target method must be public, otherwise it will raise +NoMethodError+.
+  #
+  def delegate(*methods)
+    options = methods.pop
+    unless options.is_a?(Hash) && to = options[:to]
+      raise ArgumentError, 'Delegation needs a target. Supply an options hash with a :to key as the last argument (e.g. delegate :hello, to: :greeter).'
+    end
+
+    prefix, allow_nil = options.values_at(:prefix, :allow_nil)
+
+    if prefix == true && to =~ /^[^a-z_]/
+      raise ArgumentError, 'Can only automatically set the delegation prefix when delegating to a method.'
+    end
+
+    method_prefix = \
+      if prefix
+        "#{prefix == true ? to : prefix}_"
+      else
+        ''
+      end
+
+    file, line = caller(1, 1).first.split(':'.freeze, 2)
+    line = line.to_i
+
+    to = to.to_s
+    to = "self.#{to}" if DELEGATION_RESERVED_METHOD_NAMES.include?(to)
+
+    methods.each do |method|
+      # Attribute writer methods only accept one argument. Makes sure []=
+      # methods still accept two arguments.
+      definition = (method =~ /[^\]]=$/) ? 'arg' : '*args, &block'
+
+      # The following generated method calls the target exactly once, storing
+      # the returned value in a dummy variable.
+      #
+      # Reason is twofold: On one hand doing less calls is in general better.
+      # On the other hand it could be that the target has side-effects,
+      # whereas conceptually, from the user point of view, the delegator should
+      # be doing one call.
+      if allow_nil
+        method_def = [
+          "def #{method_prefix}#{method}(#{definition})",
+          "_ = #{to}",
+          "if !_.nil? || nil.respond_to?(:#{method})",
+          "  _.#{method}(#{definition})",
+          "end",
+        "end"
+        ].join ';'
+      else
+        exception = %(raise DelegationError, "#{self}##{method_prefix}#{method} delegated to #{to}.#{method}, but #{to} is nil: \#{self.inspect}")
+
+        method_def = [
+          "def #{method_prefix}#{method}(#{definition})",
+          " _ = #{to}",
+          "  _.#{method}(#{definition})",
+          "rescue NoMethodError => e",
+          "  if _.nil? && e.name == :#{method}",
+          "    #{exception}",
+          "  else",
+          "    raise",
+          "  end",
+          "end"
+        ].join ';'
+      end
+
+      module_eval(method_def, file, line)
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/core_ext/module/deprecation.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+class Module
+  #   deprecate :foo
+  #   deprecate bar: 'message'
+  #   deprecate :foo, :bar, baz: 'warning!', qux: 'gone!'
+  #
+  # You can also use custom deprecator instance:
+  #
+  #   deprecate :foo, deprecator: MyLib::Deprecator.new
+  #   deprecate :foo, bar: "warning!", deprecator: MyLib::Deprecator.new
+  #
+  # \Custom deprecators must respond to <tt>deprecation_warning(deprecated_method_name, message, caller_backtrace)</tt>
+  # method where you can implement your custom warning behavior.
+  #
+  #   class MyLib::Deprecator
+  #     def deprecation_warning(deprecated_method_name, message, caller_backtrace = nil)
+  #        message = "#{deprecated_method_name} is deprecated and will be removed from MyLibrary | #{message}"
+  #        Kernel.warn message
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  def deprecate(*method_names)
+    CoreExt::Deprecation.deprecate_methods(self, *method_names)
+  end
+end