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+ # Redis configuration file example.
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+ #
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+ # Note that in order to read the configuration file, Redis must be
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+ # started with the file path as first argument:
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+ #
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+ # ./redis-server /path/to/redis.conf
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+
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+ # Note on units: when memory size is needed, it is possible to specify
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+ # it in the usual form of 1k 5GB 4M and so forth:
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+ #
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+ # 1k => 1000 bytes
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+ # 1kb => 1024 bytes
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+ # 1m => 1000000 bytes
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+ # 1mb => 1024*1024 bytes
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+ # 1g => 1000000000 bytes
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+ # 1gb => 1024*1024*1024 bytes
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+ #
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+ # units are case insensitive so 1GB 1Gb 1gB are all the same.
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+
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+ ################################## INCLUDES ###################################
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+
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+ # Include one or more other config files here. This is useful if you
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+ # have a standard template that goes to all Redis servers but also need
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+ # to customize a few per-server settings. Include files can include
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+ # other files, so use this wisely.
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+ #
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+ # Note that option "include" won't be rewritten by command "CONFIG REWRITE"
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+ # from admin or Redis Sentinel. Since Redis always uses the last processed
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+ # line as value of a configuration directive, you'd better put includes
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+ # at the beginning of this file to avoid overwriting config change at runtime.
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+ #
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+ # If instead you are interested in using includes to override configuration
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+ # options, it is better to use include as the last line.
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+ #
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+ # include /path/to/local.conf
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+ # include /path/to/other.conf
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+
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+ ################################## MODULES #####################################
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+
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+ # Load modules at startup. If the server is not able to load modules
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+ # it will abort. It is possible to use multiple loadmodule directives.
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+ #
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+ # loadmodule /path/to/my_module.so
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+ # loadmodule /path/to/other_module.so
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+
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+ ################################## NETWORK #####################################
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+
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+ # By default, if no "bind" configuration directive is specified, Redis listens
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+ # for connections from all available network interfaces on the host machine.
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+ # It is possible to listen to just one or multiple selected interfaces using
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+ # the "bind" configuration directive, followed by one or more IP addresses.
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+ #
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+ # Examples:
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+ #
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+ # bind 192.168.1.100 10.0.0.1
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+ # bind 127.0.0.1 ::1
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+ #
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+ # ~~~ WARNING ~~~ If the computer running Redis is directly exposed to the
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+ # internet, binding to all the interfaces is dangerous and will expose the
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+ # instance to everybody on the internet. So by default we uncomment the
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+ # following bind directive, that will force Redis to listen only on the
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+ # IPv4 loopback interface address (this means Redis will only be able to
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+ # accept client connections from the same host that it is running on).
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+ #
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+ # IF YOU ARE SURE YOU WANT YOUR INSTANCE TO LISTEN TO ALL THE INTERFACES
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+ # JUST COMMENT OUT THE FOLLOWING LINE.
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+ # ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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+ bind 127.0.0.1
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+
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+ # Protected mode is a layer of security protection, in order to avoid that
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+ # Redis instances left open on the internet are accessed and exploited.
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+ #
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+ # When protected mode is on and if:
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+ #
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+ # 1) The server is not binding explicitly to a set of addresses using the
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+ # "bind" directive.
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+ # 2) No password is configured.
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+ #
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+ # The server only accepts connections from clients connecting from the
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+ # IPv4 and IPv6 loopback addresses 127.0.0.1 and ::1, and from Unix domain
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+ # sockets.
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+ #
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+ # By default protected mode is enabled. You should disable it only if
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+ # you are sure you want clients from other hosts to connect to Redis
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+ # even if no authentication is configured, nor a specific set of interfaces
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+ # are explicitly listed using the "bind" directive.
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+ protected-mode yes
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+
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+ # Accept connections on the specified port, default is 6379 (IANA #815344).
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+ # If port 0 is specified Redis will not listen on a TCP socket.
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+ port 6379
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+
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+ # TCP listen() backlog.
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+ #
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+ # In high requests-per-second environments you need a high backlog in order
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+ # to avoid slow clients connection issues. Note that the Linux kernel
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+ # will silently truncate it to the value of /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn so
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+ # make sure to raise both the value of somaxconn and tcp_max_syn_backlog
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+ # in order to get the desired effect.
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+ tcp-backlog 511
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+
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+ # Unix socket.
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+ #
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+ # Specify the path for the Unix socket that will be used to listen for
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+ # incoming connections. There is no default, so Redis will not listen
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+ # on a unix socket when not specified.
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+ #
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+ # unixsocket /tmp/redis.sock
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+ # unixsocketperm 700
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+
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+ # Close the connection after a client is idle for N seconds (0 to disable)
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+ timeout 0
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+
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+ # TCP keepalive.
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+ #
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+ # If non-zero, use SO_KEEPALIVE to send TCP ACKs to clients in absence
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+ # of communication. This is useful for two reasons:
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+ #
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+ # 1) Detect dead peers.
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+ # 2) Force network equipment in the middle to consider the connection to be
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+ # alive.
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+ #
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+ # On Linux, the specified value (in seconds) is the period used to send ACKs.
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+ # Note that to close the connection the double of the time is needed.
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+ # On other kernels the period depends on the kernel configuration.
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+ #
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+ # A reasonable value for this option is 300 seconds, which is the new
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+ # Redis default starting with Redis 3.2.1.
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+ tcp-keepalive 300
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+
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+ ################################# TLS/SSL #####################################
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+
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+ # By default, TLS/SSL is disabled. To enable it, the "tls-port" configuration
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+ # directive can be used to define TLS-listening ports. To enable TLS on the
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+ # default port, use:
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+ #
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+ # port 0
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+ # tls-port 6379
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+
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+ # Configure a X.509 certificate and private key to use for authenticating the
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+ # server to connected clients, masters or cluster peers. These files should be
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+ # PEM formatted.
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+ #
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+ # tls-cert-file redis.crt
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+ # tls-key-file redis.key
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+
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+ # Configure a DH parameters file to enable Diffie-Hellman (DH) key exchange:
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+ #
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+ # tls-dh-params-file redis.dh
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+
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+ # Configure a CA certificate(s) bundle or directory to authenticate TLS/SSL
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+ # clients and peers. Redis requires an explicit configuration of at least one
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+ # of these, and will not implicitly use the system wide configuration.
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+ #
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+ # tls-ca-cert-file ca.crt
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+ # tls-ca-cert-dir /etc/ssl/certs
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+
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+ # By default, clients (including replica servers) on a TLS port are required
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+ # to authenticate using valid client side certificates.
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+ #
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+ # If "no" is specified, client certificates are not required and not accepted.
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+ # If "optional" is specified, client certificates are accepted and must be
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+ # valid if provided, but are not required.
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+ #
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+ # tls-auth-clients no
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+ # tls-auth-clients optional
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+
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+ # By default, a Redis replica does not attempt to establish a TLS connection
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+ # with its master.
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+ #
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+ # Use the following directive to enable TLS on replication links.
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+ #
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+ # tls-replication yes
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+
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+ # By default, the Redis Cluster bus uses a plain TCP connection. To enable
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+ # TLS for the bus protocol, use the following directive:
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+ #
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+ # tls-cluster yes
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+
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+ # Explicitly specify TLS versions to support. Allowed values are case insensitive
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+ # and include "TLSv1", "TLSv1.1", "TLSv1.2", "TLSv1.3" (OpenSSL >= 1.1.1) or
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+ # any combination. To enable only TLSv1.2 and TLSv1.3, use:
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+ #
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+ # tls-protocols "TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3"
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+
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+ # Configure allowed ciphers. See the ciphers(1ssl) manpage for more information
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+ # about the syntax of this string.
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+ #
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+ # Note: this configuration applies only to <= TLSv1.2.
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+ #
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+ # tls-ciphers DEFAULT:!MEDIUM
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+
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+ # Configure allowed TLSv1.3 ciphersuites. See the ciphers(1ssl) manpage for more
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+ # information about the syntax of this string, and specifically for TLSv1.3
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+ # ciphersuites.
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+ #
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+ # tls-ciphersuites TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256
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+
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+ # When choosing a cipher, use the server's preference instead of the client
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+ # preference. By default, the server follows the client's preference.
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+ #
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+ # tls-prefer-server-ciphers yes
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+
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+ # By default, TLS session caching is enabled to allow faster and less expensive
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+ # reconnections by clients that support it. Use the following directive to disable
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+ # caching.
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+ #
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+ # tls-session-caching no
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+
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+ # Change the default number of TLS sessions cached. A zero value sets the cache
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+ # to unlimited size. The default size is 20480.
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+ #
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+ # tls-session-cache-size 5000
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+
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+ # Change the default timeout of cached TLS sessions. The default timeout is 300
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+ # seconds.
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+ #
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+ # tls-session-cache-timeout 60
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+
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+ ################################# GENERAL #####################################
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+
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+ # By default Redis does not run as a daemon. Use 'yes' if you need it.
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+ # Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid when daemonized.
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+ daemonize no
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+
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+ # If you run Redis from upstart or systemd, Redis can interact with your
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+ # supervision tree. Options:
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+ # supervised no - no supervision interaction
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+ # supervised upstart - signal upstart by putting Redis into SIGSTOP mode
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+ # requires "expect stop" in your upstart job config
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+ # supervised systemd - signal systemd by writing READY=1 to $NOTIFY_SOCKET
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+ # supervised auto - detect upstart or systemd method based on
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+ # UPSTART_JOB or NOTIFY_SOCKET environment variables
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+ # Note: these supervision methods only signal "process is ready."
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+ # They do not enable continuous pings back to your supervisor.
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+ supervised no
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+
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+ # If a pid file is specified, Redis writes it where specified at startup
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+ # and removes it at exit.
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+ #
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+ # When the server runs non daemonized, no pid file is created if none is
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+ # specified in the configuration. When the server is daemonized, the pid file
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+ # is used even if not specified, defaulting to "/var/run/redis.pid".
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+ #
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+ # Creating a pid file is best effort: if Redis is not able to create it
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+ # nothing bad happens, the server will start and run normally.
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+ pidfile /var/run/redis_6379.pid
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+
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+ # Specify the server verbosity level.
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+ # This can be one of:
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+ # debug (a lot of information, useful for development/testing)
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+ # verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level)
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+ # notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)
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+ # warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)
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+ loglevel notice
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+
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+ # Specify the log file name. Also the empty string can be used to force
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+ # Redis to log on the standard output. Note that if you use standard
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+ # output for logging but daemonize, logs will be sent to /dev/null
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+ logfile ""
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+
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+ # To enable logging to the system logger, just set 'syslog-enabled' to yes,
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+ # and optionally update the other syslog parameters to suit your needs.
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+ # syslog-enabled no
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+
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+ # Specify the syslog identity.
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+ # syslog-ident redis
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+
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+ # Specify the syslog facility. Must be USER or between LOCAL0-LOCAL7.
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+ # syslog-facility local0
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+
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+ # Set the number of databases. The default database is DB 0, you can select
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+ # a different one on a per-connection basis using SELECT <dbid> where
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+ # dbid is a number between 0 and 'databases'-1
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+ databases 16
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+
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+ # By default Redis shows an ASCII art logo only when started to log to the
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+ # standard output and if the standard output is a TTY. Basically this means
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+ # that normally a logo is displayed only in interactive sessions.
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+ #
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+ # However it is possible to force the pre-4.0 behavior and always show a
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+ # ASCII art logo in startup logs by setting the following option to yes.
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+ always-show-logo yes
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+
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+ ################################ SNAPSHOTTING ################################
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+ #
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+ # Save the DB on disk:
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+ #
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+ # save <seconds> <changes>
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+ #
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+ # Will save the DB if both the given number of seconds and the given
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+ # number of write operations against the DB occurred.
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+ #
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+ # In the example below the behavior will be to save:
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+ # after 900 sec (15 min) if at least 1 key changed
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+ # after 300 sec (5 min) if at least 10 keys changed
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+ # after 60 sec if at least 10000 keys changed
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+ #
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+ # Note: you can disable saving completely by commenting out all "save" lines.
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+ #
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+ # It is also possible to remove all the previously configured save
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+ # points by adding a save directive with a single empty string argument
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+ # like in the following example:
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+ #
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+ # save ""
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+
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+ save 900 1
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+ save 300 10
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+ save 60 10000
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+
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+ # By default Redis will stop accepting writes if RDB snapshots are enabled
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+ # (at least one save point) and the latest background save failed.
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+ # This will make the user aware (in a hard way) that data is not persisting
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+ # on disk properly, otherwise chances are that no one will notice and some
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+ # disaster will happen.
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+ #
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+ # If the background saving process will start working again Redis will
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+ # automatically allow writes again.
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+ #
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+ # However if you have setup your proper monitoring of the Redis server
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+ # and persistence, you may want to disable this feature so that Redis will
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+ # continue to work as usual even if there are problems with disk,
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+ # permissions, and so forth.
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+ stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes
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+
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+ # Compress string objects using LZF when dump .rdb databases?
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+ # By default compression is enabled as it's almost always a win.
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+ # If you want to save some CPU in the saving child set it to 'no' but
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+ # the dataset will likely be bigger if you have compressible values or keys.
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+ rdbcompression yes
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+
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+ # Since version 5 of RDB a CRC64 checksum is placed at the end of the file.
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+ # This makes the format more resistant to corruption but there is a performance
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+ # hit to pay (around 10%) when saving and loading RDB files, so you can disable it
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+ # for maximum performances.
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+ #
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+ # RDB files created with checksum disabled have a checksum of zero that will
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+ # tell the loading code to skip the check.
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+ rdbchecksum yes
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+
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+ # The filename where to dump the DB
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+ dbfilename dump.rdb
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+
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+ # Remove RDB files used by replication in instances without persistence
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+ # enabled. By default this option is disabled, however there are environments
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+ # where for regulations or other security concerns, RDB files persisted on
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+ # disk by masters in order to feed replicas, or stored on disk by replicas
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+ # in order to load them for the initial synchronization, should be deleted
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+ # ASAP. Note that this option ONLY WORKS in instances that have both AOF
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+ # and RDB persistence disabled, otherwise is completely ignored.
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+ #
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+ # An alternative (and sometimes better) way to obtain the same effect is
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+ # to use diskless replication on both master and replicas instances. However
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+ # in the case of replicas, diskless is not always an option.
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+ rdb-del-sync-files no
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+
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+ # The working directory.
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+ #
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+ # The DB will be written inside this directory, with the filename specified
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+ # above using the 'dbfilename' configuration directive.
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+ #
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+ # The Append Only File will also be created inside this directory.
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+ #
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+ # Note that you must specify a directory here, not a file name.
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+ dir ./
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+
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+ ################################# REPLICATION #################################
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+
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+ # Master-Replica replication. Use replicaof to make a Redis instance a copy of
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+ # another Redis server. A few things to understand ASAP about Redis replication.
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+ #
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+ # +------------------+ +---------------+
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+ # | Master | ---> | Replica |
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+ # | (receive writes) | | (exact copy) |
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+ # +------------------+ +---------------+
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+ #
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+ # 1) Redis replication is asynchronous, but you can configure a master to
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+ # stop accepting writes if it appears to be not connected with at least
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+ # a given number of replicas.
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+ # 2) Redis replicas are able to perform a partial resynchronization with the
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+ # master if the replication link is lost for a relatively small amount of
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+ # time. You may want to configure the replication backlog size (see the next
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+ # sections of this file) with a sensible value depending on your needs.
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+ # 3) Replication is automatic and does not need user intervention. After a
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+ # network partition replicas automatically try to reconnect to masters
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+ # and resynchronize with them.
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+ #
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+ # replicaof <masterip> <masterport>
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+
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+ # If the master is password protected (using the "requirepass" configuration
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+ # directive below) it is possible to tell the replica to authenticate before
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+ # starting the replication synchronization process, otherwise the master will
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+ # refuse the replica request.
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+ #
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+ # masterauth <master-password>
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+ #
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+ # However this is not enough if you are using Redis ACLs (for Redis version
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+ # 6 or greater), and the default user is not capable of running the PSYNC
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+ # command and/or other commands needed for replication. In this case it's
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+ # better to configure a special user to use with replication, and specify the
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+ # masteruser configuration as such:
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+ #
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+ # masteruser <username>
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+ #
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+ # When masteruser is specified, the replica will authenticate against its
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+ # master using the new AUTH form: AUTH <username> <password>.
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+
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+ # When a replica loses its connection with the master, or when the replication
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+ # is still in progress, the replica can act in two different ways:
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+ #
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+ # 1) if replica-serve-stale-data is set to 'yes' (the default) the replica will
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+ # still reply to client requests, possibly with out of date data, or the
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+ # data set may just be empty if this is the first synchronization.
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+ #
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+ # 2) If replica-serve-stale-data is set to 'no' the replica will reply with
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+ # an error "SYNC with master in progress" to all commands except:
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+ # INFO, REPLICAOF, AUTH, PING, SHUTDOWN, REPLCONF, ROLE, CONFIG, SUBSCRIBE,
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+ # UNSUBSCRIBE, PSUBSCRIBE, PUNSUBSCRIBE, PUBLISH, PUBSUB, COMMAND, POST,
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+ # HOST and LATENCY.
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+ #
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+ replica-serve-stale-data yes
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+
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+ # You can configure a replica instance to accept writes or not. Writing against
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+ # a replica instance may be useful to store some ephemeral data (because data
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+ # written on a replica will be easily deleted after resync with the master) but
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+ # may also cause problems if clients are writing to it because of a
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+ # misconfiguration.
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+ #
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+ # Since Redis 2.6 by default replicas are read-only.
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+ #
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+ # Note: read only replicas are not designed to be exposed to untrusted clients
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+ # on the internet. It's just a protection layer against misuse of the instance.
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+ # Still a read only replica exports by default all the administrative commands
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+ # such as CONFIG, DEBUG, and so forth. To a limited extent you can improve
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+ # security of read only replicas using 'rename-command' to shadow all the
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+ # administrative / dangerous commands.
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+ replica-read-only yes
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+
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+ # Replication SYNC strategy: disk or socket.
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+ #
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+ # New replicas and reconnecting replicas that are not able to continue the
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+ # replication process just receiving differences, need to do what is called a
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+ # "full synchronization". An RDB file is transmitted from the master to the
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+ # replicas.
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+ #
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+ # The transmission can happen in two different ways:
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+ #
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+ # 1) Disk-backed: The Redis master creates a new process that writes the RDB
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+ # file on disk. Later the file is transferred by the parent
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+ # process to the replicas incrementally.
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+ # 2) Diskless: The Redis master creates a new process that directly writes the
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+ # RDB file to replica sockets, without touching the disk at all.
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+ #
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+ # With disk-backed replication, while the RDB file is generated, more replicas
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+ # can be queued and served with the RDB file as soon as the current child
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+ # producing the RDB file finishes its work. With diskless replication instead
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+ # once the transfer starts, new replicas arriving will be queued and a new
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+ # transfer will start when the current one terminates.
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+ #
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+ # When diskless replication is used, the master waits a configurable amount of
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+ # time (in seconds) before starting the transfer in the hope that multiple
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+ # replicas will arrive and the transfer can be parallelized.
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+ #
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+ # With slow disks and fast (large bandwidth) networks, diskless replication
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+ # works better.
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+ repl-diskless-sync no
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+
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+ # When diskless replication is enabled, it is possible to configure the delay
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+ # the server waits in order to spawn the child that transfers the RDB via socket
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+ # to the replicas.
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+ #
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+ # This is important since once the transfer starts, it is not possible to serve
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+ # new replicas arriving, that will be queued for the next RDB transfer, so the
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+ # server waits a delay in order to let more replicas arrive.
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+ #
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+ # The delay is specified in seconds, and by default is 5 seconds. To disable
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+ # it entirely just set it to 0 seconds and the transfer will start ASAP.
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+ repl-diskless-sync-delay 5
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+
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+ # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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+ # WARNING: RDB diskless load is experimental. Since in this setup the replica
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+ # does not immediately store an RDB on disk, it may cause data loss during
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+ # failovers. RDB diskless load + Redis modules not handling I/O reads may also
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+ # cause Redis to abort in case of I/O errors during the initial synchronization
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+ # stage with the master. Use only if your do what you are doing.
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+ # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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+ #
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+ # Replica can load the RDB it reads from the replication link directly from the
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+ # socket, or store the RDB to a file and read that file after it was completely
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+ # received from the master.
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+ #
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+ # In many cases the disk is slower than the network, and storing and loading
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+ # the RDB file may increase replication time (and even increase the master's
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+ # Copy on Write memory and salve buffers).
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+ # However, parsing the RDB file directly from the socket may mean that we have
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+ # to flush the contents of the current database before the full rdb was
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+ # received. For this reason we have the following options:
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+ #
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+ # "disabled" - Don't use diskless load (store the rdb file to the disk first)
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+ # "on-empty-db" - Use diskless load only when it is completely safe.
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+ # "swapdb" - Keep a copy of the current db contents in RAM while parsing
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+ # the data directly from the socket. note that this requires
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+ # sufficient memory, if you don't have it, you risk an OOM kill.
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+ repl-diskless-load disabled
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+
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+ # Replicas send PINGs to server in a predefined interval. It's possible to
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+ # change this interval with the repl_ping_replica_period option. The default
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+ # value is 10 seconds.
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+ #
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+ # repl-ping-replica-period 10
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+
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+ # The following option sets the replication timeout for:
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+ #
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+ # 1) Bulk transfer I/O during SYNC, from the point of view of replica.
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+ # 2) Master timeout from the point of view of replicas (data, pings).
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+ # 3) Replica timeout from the point of view of masters (REPLCONF ACK pings).
517
+ #
518
+ # It is important to make sure that this value is greater than the value
519
+ # specified for repl-ping-replica-period otherwise a timeout will be detected
520
+ # every time there is low traffic between the master and the replica. The default
521
+ # value is 60 seconds.
522
+ #
523
+ # repl-timeout 60
524
+
525
+ # Disable TCP_NODELAY on the replica socket after SYNC?
526
+ #
527
+ # If you select "yes" Redis will use a smaller number of TCP packets and
528
+ # less bandwidth to send data to replicas. But this can add a delay for
529
+ # the data to appear on the replica side, up to 40 milliseconds with
530
+ # Linux kernels using a default configuration.
531
+ #
532
+ # If you select "no" the delay for data to appear on the replica side will
533
+ # be reduced but more bandwidth will be used for replication.
534
+ #
535
+ # By default we optimize for low latency, but in very high traffic conditions
536
+ # or when the master and replicas are many hops away, turning this to "yes" may
537
+ # be a good idea.
538
+ repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no
539
+
540
+ # Set the replication backlog size. The backlog is a buffer that accumulates
541
+ # replica data when replicas are disconnected for some time, so that when a
542
+ # replica wants to reconnect again, often a full resync is not needed, but a
543
+ # partial resync is enough, just passing the portion of data the replica
544
+ # missed while disconnected.
545
+ #
546
+ # The bigger the replication backlog, the longer the replica can endure the
547
+ # disconnect and later be able to perform a partial resynchronization.
548
+ #
549
+ # The backlog is only allocated if there is at least one replica connected.
550
+ #
551
+ # repl-backlog-size 1mb
552
+
553
+ # After a master has no connected replicas for some time, the backlog will be
554
+ # freed. The following option configures the amount of seconds that need to
555
+ # elapse, starting from the time the last replica disconnected, for the backlog
556
+ # buffer to be freed.
557
+ #
558
+ # Note that replicas never free the backlog for timeout, since they may be
559
+ # promoted to masters later, and should be able to correctly "partially
560
+ # resynchronize" with other replicas: hence they should always accumulate backlog.
561
+ #
562
+ # A value of 0 means to never release the backlog.
563
+ #
564
+ # repl-backlog-ttl 3600
565
+
566
+ # The replica priority is an integer number published by Redis in the INFO
567
+ # output. It is used by Redis Sentinel in order to select a replica to promote
568
+ # into a master if the master is no longer working correctly.
569
+ #
570
+ # A replica with a low priority number is considered better for promotion, so
571
+ # for instance if there are three replicas with priority 10, 100, 25 Sentinel
572
+ # will pick the one with priority 10, that is the lowest.
573
+ #
574
+ # However a special priority of 0 marks the replica as not able to perform the
575
+ # role of master, so a replica with priority of 0 will never be selected by
576
+ # Redis Sentinel for promotion.
577
+ #
578
+ # By default the priority is 100.
579
+ replica-priority 100
580
+
581
+ # It is possible for a master to stop accepting writes if there are less than
582
+ # N replicas connected, having a lag less or equal than M seconds.
583
+ #
584
+ # The N replicas need to be in "online" state.
585
+ #
586
+ # The lag in seconds, that must be <= the specified value, is calculated from
587
+ # the last ping received from the replica, that is usually sent every second.
588
+ #
589
+ # This option does not GUARANTEE that N replicas will accept the write, but
590
+ # will limit the window of exposure for lost writes in case not enough replicas
591
+ # are available, to the specified number of seconds.
592
+ #
593
+ # For example to require at least 3 replicas with a lag <= 10 seconds use:
594
+ #
595
+ # min-replicas-to-write 3
596
+ # min-replicas-max-lag 10
597
+ #
598
+ # Setting one or the other to 0 disables the feature.
599
+ #
600
+ # By default min-replicas-to-write is set to 0 (feature disabled) and
601
+ # min-replicas-max-lag is set to 10.
602
+
603
+ # A Redis master is able to list the address and port of the attached
604
+ # replicas in different ways. For example the "INFO replication" section
605
+ # offers this information, which is used, among other tools, by
606
+ # Redis Sentinel in order to discover replica instances.
607
+ # Another place where this info is available is in the output of the
608
+ # "ROLE" command of a master.
609
+ #
610
+ # The listed IP address and port normally reported by a replica is
611
+ # obtained in the following way:
612
+ #
613
+ # IP: The address is auto detected by checking the peer address
614
+ # of the socket used by the replica to connect with the master.
615
+ #
616
+ # Port: The port is communicated by the replica during the replication
617
+ # handshake, and is normally the port that the replica is using to
618
+ # listen for connections.
619
+ #
620
+ # However when port forwarding or Network Address Translation (NAT) is
621
+ # used, the replica may actually be reachable via different IP and port
622
+ # pairs. The following two options can be used by a replica in order to
623
+ # report to its master a specific set of IP and port, so that both INFO
624
+ # and ROLE will report those values.
625
+ #
626
+ # There is no need to use both the options if you need to override just
627
+ # the port or the IP address.
628
+ #
629
+ # replica-announce-ip 5.5.5.5
630
+ # replica-announce-port 1234
631
+
632
+ ############################### KEYS TRACKING #################################
633
+
634
+ # Redis implements server assisted support for client side caching of values.
635
+ # This is implemented using an invalidation table that remembers, using
636
+ # 16 millions of slots, what clients may have certain subsets of keys. In turn
637
+ # this is used in order to send invalidation messages to clients. Please
638
+ # check this page to understand more about the feature:
639
+ #
640
+ # https://redis.io/topics/client-side-caching
641
+ #
642
+ # When tracking is enabled for a client, all the read only queries are assumed
643
+ # to be cached: this will force Redis to store information in the invalidation
644
+ # table. When keys are modified, such information is flushed away, and
645
+ # invalidation messages are sent to the clients. However if the workload is
646
+ # heavily dominated by reads, Redis could use more and more memory in order
647
+ # to track the keys fetched by many clients.
648
+ #
649
+ # For this reason it is possible to configure a maximum fill value for the
650
+ # invalidation table. By default it is set to 1M of keys, and once this limit
651
+ # is reached, Redis will start to evict keys in the invalidation table
652
+ # even if they were not modified, just to reclaim memory: this will in turn
653
+ # force the clients to invalidate the cached values. Basically the table
654
+ # maximum size is a trade off between the memory you want to spend server
655
+ # side to track information about who cached what, and the ability of clients
656
+ # to retain cached objects in memory.
657
+ #
658
+ # If you set the value to 0, it means there are no limits, and Redis will
659
+ # retain as many keys as needed in the invalidation table.
660
+ # In the "stats" INFO section, you can find information about the number of
661
+ # keys in the invalidation table at every given moment.
662
+ #
663
+ # Note: when key tracking is used in broadcasting mode, no memory is used
664
+ # in the server side so this setting is useless.
665
+ #
666
+ # tracking-table-max-keys 1000000
667
+
668
+ ################################## SECURITY ###################################
669
+
670
+ # Warning: since Redis is pretty fast, an outside user can try up to
671
+ # 1 million passwords per second against a modern box. This means that you
672
+ # should use very strong passwords, otherwise they will be very easy to break.
673
+ # Note that because the password is really a shared secret between the client
674
+ # and the server, and should not be memorized by any human, the password
675
+ # can be easily a long string from /dev/urandom or whatever, so by using a
676
+ # long and unguessable password no brute force attack will be possible.
677
+
678
+ # Redis ACL users are defined in the following format:
679
+ #
680
+ # user <username> ... acl rules ...
681
+ #
682
+ # For example:
683
+ #
684
+ # user worker +@list +@connection ~jobs:* on >ffa9203c493aa99
685
+ #
686
+ # The special username "default" is used for new connections. If this user
687
+ # has the "nopass" rule, then new connections will be immediately authenticated
688
+ # as the "default" user without the need of any password provided via the
689
+ # AUTH command. Otherwise if the "default" user is not flagged with "nopass"
690
+ # the connections will start in not authenticated state, and will require
691
+ # AUTH (or the HELLO command AUTH option) in order to be authenticated and
692
+ # start to work.
693
+ #
694
+ # The ACL rules that describe what a user can do are the following:
695
+ #
696
+ # on Enable the user: it is possible to authenticate as this user.
697
+ # off Disable the user: it's no longer possible to authenticate
698
+ # with this user, however the already authenticated connections
699
+ # will still work.
700
+ # +<command> Allow the execution of that command
701
+ # -<command> Disallow the execution of that command
702
+ # +@<category> Allow the execution of all the commands in such category
703
+ # with valid categories are like @admin, @set, @sortedset, ...
704
+ # and so forth, see the full list in the server.c file where
705
+ # the Redis command table is described and defined.
706
+ # The special category @all means all the commands, but currently
707
+ # present in the server, and that will be loaded in the future
708
+ # via modules.
709
+ # +<command>|subcommand Allow a specific subcommand of an otherwise
710
+ # disabled command. Note that this form is not
711
+ # allowed as negative like -DEBUG|SEGFAULT, but
712
+ # only additive starting with "+".
713
+ # allcommands Alias for +@all. Note that it implies the ability to execute
714
+ # all the future commands loaded via the modules system.
715
+ # nocommands Alias for -@all.
716
+ # ~<pattern> Add a pattern of keys that can be mentioned as part of
717
+ # commands. For instance ~* allows all the keys. The pattern
718
+ # is a glob-style pattern like the one of KEYS.
719
+ # It is possible to specify multiple patterns.
720
+ # allkeys Alias for ~*
721
+ # resetkeys Flush the list of allowed keys patterns.
722
+ # ><password> Add this password to the list of valid password for the user.
723
+ # For example >mypass will add "mypass" to the list.
724
+ # This directive clears the "nopass" flag (see later).
725
+ # <<password> Remove this password from the list of valid passwords.
726
+ # nopass All the set passwords of the user are removed, and the user
727
+ # is flagged as requiring no password: it means that every
728
+ # password will work against this user. If this directive is
729
+ # used for the default user, every new connection will be
730
+ # immediately authenticated with the default user without
731
+ # any explicit AUTH command required. Note that the "resetpass"
732
+ # directive will clear this condition.
733
+ # resetpass Flush the list of allowed passwords. Moreover removes the
734
+ # "nopass" status. After "resetpass" the user has no associated
735
+ # passwords and there is no way to authenticate without adding
736
+ # some password (or setting it as "nopass" later).
737
+ # reset Performs the following actions: resetpass, resetkeys, off,
738
+ # -@all. The user returns to the same state it has immediately
739
+ # after its creation.
740
+ #
741
+ # ACL rules can be specified in any order: for instance you can start with
742
+ # passwords, then flags, or key patterns. However note that the additive
743
+ # and subtractive rules will CHANGE MEANING depending on the ordering.
744
+ # For instance see the following example:
745
+ #
746
+ # user alice on +@all -DEBUG ~* >somepassword
747
+ #
748
+ # This will allow "alice" to use all the commands with the exception of the
749
+ # DEBUG command, since +@all added all the commands to the set of the commands
750
+ # alice can use, and later DEBUG was removed. However if we invert the order
751
+ # of two ACL rules the result will be different:
752
+ #
753
+ # user alice on -DEBUG +@all ~* >somepassword
754
+ #
755
+ # Now DEBUG was removed when alice had yet no commands in the set of allowed
756
+ # commands, later all the commands are added, so the user will be able to
757
+ # execute everything.
758
+ #
759
+ # Basically ACL rules are processed left-to-right.
760
+ #
761
+ # For more information about ACL configuration please refer to
762
+ # the Redis web site at https://redis.io/topics/acl
763
+
764
+ # ACL LOG
765
+ #
766
+ # The ACL Log tracks failed commands and authentication events associated
767
+ # with ACLs. The ACL Log is useful to troubleshoot failed commands blocked
768
+ # by ACLs. The ACL Log is stored in memory. You can reclaim memory with
769
+ # ACL LOG RESET. Define the maximum entry length of the ACL Log below.
770
+ acllog-max-len 128
771
+
772
+ # Using an external ACL file
773
+ #
774
+ # Instead of configuring users here in this file, it is possible to use
775
+ # a stand-alone file just listing users. The two methods cannot be mixed:
776
+ # if you configure users here and at the same time you activate the external
777
+ # ACL file, the server will refuse to start.
778
+ #
779
+ # The format of the external ACL user file is exactly the same as the
780
+ # format that is used inside redis.conf to describe users.
781
+ #
782
+ # aclfile /etc/redis/users.acl
783
+
784
+ # IMPORTANT NOTE: starting with Redis 6 "requirepass" is just a compatibility
785
+ # layer on top of the new ACL system. The option effect will be just setting
786
+ # the password for the default user. Clients will still authenticate using
787
+ # AUTH <password> as usually, or more explicitly with AUTH default <password>
788
+ # if they follow the new protocol: both will work.
789
+ #
790
+ # requirepass foobared
791
+
792
+ # Command renaming (DEPRECATED).
793
+ #
794
+ # ------------------------------------------------------------------------
795
+ # WARNING: avoid using this option if possible. Instead use ACLs to remove
796
+ # commands from the default user, and put them only in some admin user you
797
+ # create for administrative purposes.
798
+ # ------------------------------------------------------------------------
799
+ #
800
+ # It is possible to change the name of dangerous commands in a shared
801
+ # environment. For instance the CONFIG command may be renamed into something
802
+ # hard to guess so that it will still be available for internal-use tools
803
+ # but not available for general clients.
804
+ #
805
+ # Example:
806
+ #
807
+ # rename-command CONFIG b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52
808
+ #
809
+ # It is also possible to completely kill a command by renaming it into
810
+ # an empty string:
811
+ #
812
+ # rename-command CONFIG ""
813
+ #
814
+ # Please note that changing the name of commands that are logged into the
815
+ # AOF file or transmitted to replicas may cause problems.
816
+
817
+ ################################### CLIENTS ####################################
818
+
819
+ # Set the max number of connected clients at the same time. By default
820
+ # this limit is set to 10000 clients, however if the Redis server is not
821
+ # able to configure the process file limit to allow for the specified limit
822
+ # the max number of allowed clients is set to the current file limit
823
+ # minus 32 (as Redis reserves a few file descriptors for internal uses).
824
+ #
825
+ # Once the limit is reached Redis will close all the new connections sending
826
+ # an error 'max number of clients reached'.
827
+ #
828
+ # IMPORTANT: When Redis Cluster is used, the max number of connections is also
829
+ # shared with the cluster bus: every node in the cluster will use two
830
+ # connections, one incoming and another outgoing. It is important to size the
831
+ # limit accordingly in case of very large clusters.
832
+ #
833
+ # maxclients 10000
834
+
835
+ ############################## MEMORY MANAGEMENT ################################
836
+
837
+ # Set a memory usage limit to the specified amount of bytes.
838
+ # When the memory limit is reached Redis will try to remove keys
839
+ # according to the eviction policy selected (see maxmemory-policy).
840
+ #
841
+ # If Redis can't remove keys according to the policy, or if the policy is
842
+ # set to 'noeviction', Redis will start to reply with errors to commands
843
+ # that would use more memory, like SET, LPUSH, and so on, and will continue
844
+ # to reply to read-only commands like GET.
845
+ #
846
+ # This option is usually useful when using Redis as an LRU or LFU cache, or to
847
+ # set a hard memory limit for an instance (using the 'noeviction' policy).
848
+ #
849
+ # WARNING: If you have replicas attached to an instance with maxmemory on,
850
+ # the size of the output buffers needed to feed the replicas are subtracted
851
+ # from the used memory count, so that network problems / resyncs will
852
+ # not trigger a loop where keys are evicted, and in turn the output
853
+ # buffer of replicas is full with DELs of keys evicted triggering the deletion
854
+ # of more keys, and so forth until the database is completely emptied.
855
+ #
856
+ # In short... if you have replicas attached it is suggested that you set a lower
857
+ # limit for maxmemory so that there is some free RAM on the system for replica
858
+ # output buffers (but this is not needed if the policy is 'noeviction').
859
+ #
860
+ # maxmemory <bytes>
861
+ maxmemory 128mb
862
+
863
+ # MAXMEMORY POLICY: how Redis will select what to remove when maxmemory
864
+ # is reached. You can select one from the following behaviors:
865
+ #
866
+ # volatile-lru -> Evict using approximated LRU, only keys with an expire set.
867
+ # allkeys-lru -> Evict any key using approximated LRU.
868
+ # volatile-lfu -> Evict using approximated LFU, only keys with an expire set.
869
+ # allkeys-lfu -> Evict any key using approximated LFU.
870
+ # volatile-random -> Remove a random key having an expire set.
871
+ # allkeys-random -> Remove a random key, any key.
872
+ # volatile-ttl -> Remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL)
873
+ # noeviction -> Don't evict anything, just return an error on write operations.
874
+ #
875
+ # LRU means Least Recently Used
876
+ # LFU means Least Frequently Used
877
+ #
878
+ # Both LRU, LFU and volatile-ttl are implemented using approximated
879
+ # randomized algorithms.
880
+ #
881
+ # Note: with any of the above policies, Redis will return an error on write
882
+ # operations, when there are no suitable keys for eviction.
883
+ #
884
+ # At the date of writing these commands are: set setnx setex append
885
+ # incr decr rpush lpush rpushx lpushx linsert lset rpoplpush sadd
886
+ # sinter sinterstore sunion sunionstore sdiff sdiffstore zadd zincrby
887
+ # zunionstore zinterstore hset hsetnx hmset hincrby incrby decrby
888
+ # getset mset msetnx exec sort
889
+ #
890
+ # The default is:
891
+ #
892
+ # maxmemory-policy noeviction
893
+ maxmemory-policy allkeys-lru
894
+
895
+ # LRU, LFU and minimal TTL algorithms are not precise algorithms but approximated
896
+ # algorithms (in order to save memory), so you can tune it for speed or
897
+ # accuracy. By default Redis will check five keys and pick the one that was
898
+ # used least recently, you can change the sample size using the following
899
+ # configuration directive.
900
+ #
901
+ # The default of 5 produces good enough results. 10 Approximates very closely
902
+ # true LRU but costs more CPU. 3 is faster but not very accurate.
903
+ #
904
+ # maxmemory-samples 5
905
+
906
+ # Starting from Redis 5, by default a replica will ignore its maxmemory setting
907
+ # (unless it is promoted to master after a failover or manually). It means
908
+ # that the eviction of keys will be just handled by the master, sending the
909
+ # DEL commands to the replica as keys evict in the master side.
910
+ #
911
+ # This behavior ensures that masters and replicas stay consistent, and is usually
912
+ # what you want, however if your replica is writable, or you want the replica
913
+ # to have a different memory setting, and you are sure all the writes performed
914
+ # to the replica are idempotent, then you may change this default (but be sure
915
+ # to understand what you are doing).
916
+ #
917
+ # Note that since the replica by default does not evict, it may end using more
918
+ # memory than the one set via maxmemory (there are certain buffers that may
919
+ # be larger on the replica, or data structures may sometimes take more memory
920
+ # and so forth). So make sure you monitor your replicas and make sure they
921
+ # have enough memory to never hit a real out-of-memory condition before the
922
+ # master hits the configured maxmemory setting.
923
+ #
924
+ # replica-ignore-maxmemory yes
925
+
926
+ # Redis reclaims expired keys in two ways: upon access when those keys are
927
+ # found to be expired, and also in background, in what is called the
928
+ # "active expire key". The key space is slowly and interactively scanned
929
+ # looking for expired keys to reclaim, so that it is possible to free memory
930
+ # of keys that are expired and will never be accessed again in a short time.
931
+ #
932
+ # The default effort of the expire cycle will try to avoid having more than
933
+ # ten percent of expired keys still in memory, and will try to avoid consuming
934
+ # more than 25% of total memory and to add latency to the system. However
935
+ # it is possible to increase the expire "effort" that is normally set to
936
+ # "1", to a greater value, up to the value "10". At its maximum value the
937
+ # system will use more CPU, longer cycles (and technically may introduce
938
+ # more latency), and will tolerate less already expired keys still present
939
+ # in the system. It's a tradeoff between memory, CPU and latency.
940
+ #
941
+ # active-expire-effort 1
942
+
943
+ ############################# LAZY FREEING ####################################
944
+
945
+ # Redis has two primitives to delete keys. One is called DEL and is a blocking
946
+ # deletion of the object. It means that the server stops processing new commands
947
+ # in order to reclaim all the memory associated with an object in a synchronous
948
+ # way. If the key deleted is associated with a small object, the time needed
949
+ # in order to execute the DEL command is very small and comparable to most other
950
+ # O(1) or O(log_N) commands in Redis. However if the key is associated with an
951
+ # aggregated value containing millions of elements, the server can block for
952
+ # a long time (even seconds) in order to complete the operation.
953
+ #
954
+ # For the above reasons Redis also offers non blocking deletion primitives
955
+ # such as UNLINK (non blocking DEL) and the ASYNC option of FLUSHALL and
956
+ # FLUSHDB commands, in order to reclaim memory in background. Those commands
957
+ # are executed in constant time. Another thread will incrementally free the
958
+ # object in the background as fast as possible.
959
+ #
960
+ # DEL, UNLINK and ASYNC option of FLUSHALL and FLUSHDB are user-controlled.
961
+ # It's up to the design of the application to understand when it is a good
962
+ # idea to use one or the other. However the Redis server sometimes has to
963
+ # delete keys or flush the whole database as a side effect of other operations.
964
+ # Specifically Redis deletes objects independently of a user call in the
965
+ # following scenarios:
966
+ #
967
+ # 1) On eviction, because of the maxmemory and maxmemory policy configurations,
968
+ # in order to make room for new data, without going over the specified
969
+ # memory limit.
970
+ # 2) Because of expire: when a key with an associated time to live (see the
971
+ # EXPIRE command) must be deleted from memory.
972
+ # 3) Because of a side effect of a command that stores data on a key that may
973
+ # already exist. For example the RENAME command may delete the old key
974
+ # content when it is replaced with another one. Similarly SUNIONSTORE
975
+ # or SORT with STORE option may delete existing keys. The SET command
976
+ # itself removes any old content of the specified key in order to replace
977
+ # it with the specified string.
978
+ # 4) During replication, when a replica performs a full resynchronization with
979
+ # its master, the content of the whole database is removed in order to
980
+ # load the RDB file just transferred.
981
+ #
982
+ # In all the above cases the default is to delete objects in a blocking way,
983
+ # like if DEL was called. However you can configure each case specifically
984
+ # in order to instead release memory in a non-blocking way like if UNLINK
985
+ # was called, using the following configuration directives.
986
+
987
+ lazyfree-lazy-eviction no
988
+ lazyfree-lazy-expire no
989
+ lazyfree-lazy-server-del no
990
+ replica-lazy-flush no
991
+
992
+ # It is also possible, for the case when to replace the user code DEL calls
993
+ # with UNLINK calls is not easy, to modify the default behavior of the DEL
994
+ # command to act exactly like UNLINK, using the following configuration
995
+ # directive:
996
+
997
+ lazyfree-lazy-user-del no
998
+
999
+ ################################ THREADED I/O #################################
1000
+
1001
+ # Redis is mostly single threaded, however there are certain threaded
1002
+ # operations such as UNLINK, slow I/O accesses and other things that are
1003
+ # performed on side threads.
1004
+ #
1005
+ # Now it is also possible to handle Redis clients socket reads and writes
1006
+ # in different I/O threads. Since especially writing is so slow, normally
1007
+ # Redis users use pipelining in order to speed up the Redis performances per
1008
+ # core, and spawn multiple instances in order to scale more. Using I/O
1009
+ # threads it is possible to easily speedup two times Redis without resorting
1010
+ # to pipelining nor sharding of the instance.
1011
+ #
1012
+ # By default threading is disabled, we suggest enabling it only in machines
1013
+ # that have at least 4 or more cores, leaving at least one spare core.
1014
+ # Using more than 8 threads is unlikely to help much. We also recommend using
1015
+ # threaded I/O only if you actually have performance problems, with Redis
1016
+ # instances being able to use a quite big percentage of CPU time, otherwise
1017
+ # there is no point in using this feature.
1018
+ #
1019
+ # So for instance if you have a four cores boxes, try to use 2 or 3 I/O
1020
+ # threads, if you have a 8 cores, try to use 6 threads. In order to
1021
+ # enable I/O threads use the following configuration directive:
1022
+ #
1023
+ # io-threads 4
1024
+ #
1025
+ # Setting io-threads to 1 will just use the main thread as usual.
1026
+ # When I/O threads are enabled, we only use threads for writes, that is
1027
+ # to thread the write(2) syscall and transfer the client buffers to the
1028
+ # socket. However it is also possible to enable threading of reads and
1029
+ # protocol parsing using the following configuration directive, by setting
1030
+ # it to yes:
1031
+ #
1032
+ # io-threads-do-reads no
1033
+ #
1034
+ # Usually threading reads doesn't help much.
1035
+ #
1036
+ # NOTE 1: This configuration directive cannot be changed at runtime via
1037
+ # CONFIG SET. Aso this feature currently does not work when SSL is
1038
+ # enabled.
1039
+ #
1040
+ # NOTE 2: If you want to test the Redis speedup using redis-benchmark, make
1041
+ # sure you also run the benchmark itself in threaded mode, using the
1042
+ # --threads option to match the number of Redis threads, otherwise you'll not
1043
+ # be able to notice the improvements.
1044
+
1045
+ ############################ KERNEL OOM CONTROL ##############################
1046
+
1047
+ # On Linux, it is possible to hint the kernel OOM killer on what processes
1048
+ # should be killed first when out of memory.
1049
+ #
1050
+ # Enabling this feature makes Redis actively control the oom_score_adj value
1051
+ # for all its processes, depending on their role. The default scores will
1052
+ # attempt to have background child processes killed before all others, and
1053
+ # replicas killed before masters.
1054
+ #
1055
+ # Redis supports three options:
1056
+ #
1057
+ # no: Don't make changes to oom-score-adj (default).
1058
+ # yes: Alias to "relative" see below.
1059
+ # absolute: Values in oom-score-adj-values are written as is to the kernel.
1060
+ # relative: Values are used relative to the initial value of oom_score_adj when
1061
+ # the server starts and are then clamped to a range of -1000 to 1000.
1062
+ # Because typically the initial value is 0, they will often match the
1063
+ # absolute values.
1064
+ oom-score-adj no
1065
+
1066
+ # When oom-score-adj is used, this directive controls the specific values used
1067
+ # for master, replica and background child processes. Values range -2000 to
1068
+ # 2000 (higher means more likely to be killed).
1069
+ #
1070
+ # Unprivileged processes (not root, and without CAP_SYS_RESOURCE capabilities)
1071
+ # can freely increase their value, but not decrease it below its initial
1072
+ # settings. This means that setting oom-score-adj to "relative" and setting the
1073
+ # oom-score-adj-values to positive values will always succeed.
1074
+ oom-score-adj-values 0 200 800
1075
+
1076
+ ############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ###############################
1077
+
1078
+ # By default Redis asynchronously dumps the dataset on disk. This mode is
1079
+ # good enough in many applications, but an issue with the Redis process or
1080
+ # a power outage may result into a few minutes of writes lost (depending on
1081
+ # the configured save points).
1082
+ #
1083
+ # The Append Only File is an alternative persistence mode that provides
1084
+ # much better durability. For instance using the default data fsync policy
1085
+ # (see later in the config file) Redis can lose just one second of writes in a
1086
+ # dramatic event like a server power outage, or a single write if something
1087
+ # wrong with the Redis process itself happens, but the operating system is
1088
+ # still running correctly.
1089
+ #
1090
+ # AOF and RDB persistence can be enabled at the same time without problems.
1091
+ # If the AOF is enabled on startup Redis will load the AOF, that is the file
1092
+ # with the better durability guarantees.
1093
+ #
1094
+ # Please check http://redis.io/topics/persistence for more information.
1095
+
1096
+ appendonly no
1097
+
1098
+ # The name of the append only file (default: "appendonly.aof")
1099
+
1100
+ appendfilename "appendonly.aof"
1101
+
1102
+ # The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk
1103
+ # instead of waiting for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush
1104
+ # data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP.
1105
+ #
1106
+ # Redis supports three different modes:
1107
+ #
1108
+ # no: don't fsync, just let the OS flush the data when it wants. Faster.
1109
+ # always: fsync after every write to the append only log. Slow, Safest.
1110
+ # everysec: fsync only one time every second. Compromise.
1111
+ #
1112
+ # The default is "everysec", as that's usually the right compromise between
1113
+ # speed and data safety. It's up to you to understand if you can relax this to
1114
+ # "no" that will let the operating system flush the output buffer when
1115
+ # it wants, for better performances (but if you can live with the idea of
1116
+ # some data loss consider the default persistence mode that's snapshotting),
1117
+ # or on the contrary, use "always" that's very slow but a bit safer than
1118
+ # everysec.
1119
+ #
1120
+ # More details please check the following article:
1121
+ # http://antirez.com/post/redis-persistence-demystified.html
1122
+ #
1123
+ # If unsure, use "everysec".
1124
+
1125
+ # appendfsync always
1126
+ appendfsync everysec
1127
+ # appendfsync no
1128
+
1129
+ # When the AOF fsync policy is set to always or everysec, and a background
1130
+ # saving process (a background save or AOF log background rewriting) is
1131
+ # performing a lot of I/O against the disk, in some Linux configurations
1132
+ # Redis may block too long on the fsync() call. Note that there is no fix for
1133
+ # this currently, as even performing fsync in a different thread will block
1134
+ # our synchronous write(2) call.
1135
+ #
1136
+ # In order to mitigate this problem it's possible to use the following option
1137
+ # that will prevent fsync() from being called in the main process while a
1138
+ # BGSAVE or BGREWRITEAOF is in progress.
1139
+ #
1140
+ # This means that while another child is saving, the durability of Redis is
1141
+ # the same as "appendfsync none". In practical terms, this means that it is
1142
+ # possible to lose up to 30 seconds of log in the worst scenario (with the
1143
+ # default Linux settings).
1144
+ #
1145
+ # If you have latency problems turn this to "yes". Otherwise leave it as
1146
+ # "no" that is the safest pick from the point of view of durability.
1147
+
1148
+ no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no
1149
+
1150
+ # Automatic rewrite of the append only file.
1151
+ # Redis is able to automatically rewrite the log file implicitly calling
1152
+ # BGREWRITEAOF when the AOF log size grows by the specified percentage.
1153
+ #
1154
+ # This is how it works: Redis remembers the size of the AOF file after the
1155
+ # latest rewrite (if no rewrite has happened since the restart, the size of
1156
+ # the AOF at startup is used).
1157
+ #
1158
+ # This base size is compared to the current size. If the current size is
1159
+ # bigger than the specified percentage, the rewrite is triggered. Also
1160
+ # you need to specify a minimal size for the AOF file to be rewritten, this
1161
+ # is useful to avoid rewriting the AOF file even if the percentage increase
1162
+ # is reached but it is still pretty small.
1163
+ #
1164
+ # Specify a percentage of zero in order to disable the automatic AOF
1165
+ # rewrite feature.
1166
+
1167
+ auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
1168
+ auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb
1169
+
1170
+ # An AOF file may be found to be truncated at the end during the Redis
1171
+ # startup process, when the AOF data gets loaded back into memory.
1172
+ # This may happen when the system where Redis is running
1173
+ # crashes, especially when an ext4 filesystem is mounted without the
1174
+ # data=ordered option (however this can't happen when Redis itself
1175
+ # crashes or aborts but the operating system still works correctly).
1176
+ #
1177
+ # Redis can either exit with an error when this happens, or load as much
1178
+ # data as possible (the default now) and start if the AOF file is found
1179
+ # to be truncated at the end. The following option controls this behavior.
1180
+ #
1181
+ # If aof-load-truncated is set to yes, a truncated AOF file is loaded and
1182
+ # the Redis server starts emitting a log to inform the user of the event.
1183
+ # Otherwise if the option is set to no, the server aborts with an error
1184
+ # and refuses to start. When the option is set to no, the user requires
1185
+ # to fix the AOF file using the "redis-check-aof" utility before to restart
1186
+ # the server.
1187
+ #
1188
+ # Note that if the AOF file will be found to be corrupted in the middle
1189
+ # the server will still exit with an error. This option only applies when
1190
+ # Redis will try to read more data from the AOF file but not enough bytes
1191
+ # will be found.
1192
+ aof-load-truncated yes
1193
+
1194
+ # When rewriting the AOF file, Redis is able to use an RDB preamble in the
1195
+ # AOF file for faster rewrites and recoveries. When this option is turned
1196
+ # on the rewritten AOF file is composed of two different stanzas:
1197
+ #
1198
+ # [RDB file][AOF tail]
1199
+ #
1200
+ # When loading, Redis recognizes that the AOF file starts with the "REDIS"
1201
+ # string and loads the prefixed RDB file, then continues loading the AOF
1202
+ # tail.
1203
+ aof-use-rdb-preamble yes
1204
+
1205
+ ################################ LUA SCRIPTING ###############################
1206
+
1207
+ # Max execution time of a Lua script in milliseconds.
1208
+ #
1209
+ # If the maximum execution time is reached Redis will log that a script is
1210
+ # still in execution after the maximum allowed time and will start to
1211
+ # reply to queries with an error.
1212
+ #
1213
+ # When a long running script exceeds the maximum execution time only the
1214
+ # SCRIPT KILL and SHUTDOWN NOSAVE commands are available. The first can be
1215
+ # used to stop a script that did not yet call any write commands. The second
1216
+ # is the only way to shut down the server in the case a write command was
1217
+ # already issued by the script but the user doesn't want to wait for the natural
1218
+ # termination of the script.
1219
+ #
1220
+ # Set it to 0 or a negative value for unlimited execution without warnings.
1221
+ lua-time-limit 5000
1222
+
1223
+ ################################ REDIS CLUSTER ###############################
1224
+
1225
+ # Normal Redis instances can't be part of a Redis Cluster; only nodes that are
1226
+ # started as cluster nodes can. In order to start a Redis instance as a
1227
+ # cluster node enable the cluster support uncommenting the following:
1228
+ #
1229
+ # cluster-enabled yes
1230
+
1231
+ # Every cluster node has a cluster configuration file. This file is not
1232
+ # intended to be edited by hand. It is created and updated by Redis nodes.
1233
+ # Every Redis Cluster node requires a different cluster configuration file.
1234
+ # Make sure that instances running in the same system do not have
1235
+ # overlapping cluster configuration file names.
1236
+ #
1237
+ # cluster-config-file nodes-6379.conf
1238
+
1239
+ # Cluster node timeout is the amount of milliseconds a node must be unreachable
1240
+ # for it to be considered in failure state.
1241
+ # Most other internal time limits are a multiple of the node timeout.
1242
+ #
1243
+ # cluster-node-timeout 15000
1244
+
1245
+ # A replica of a failing master will avoid to start a failover if its data
1246
+ # looks too old.
1247
+ #
1248
+ # There is no simple way for a replica to actually have an exact measure of
1249
+ # its "data age", so the following two checks are performed:
1250
+ #
1251
+ # 1) If there are multiple replicas able to failover, they exchange messages
1252
+ # in order to try to give an advantage to the replica with the best
1253
+ # replication offset (more data from the master processed).
1254
+ # Replicas will try to get their rank by offset, and apply to the start
1255
+ # of the failover a delay proportional to their rank.
1256
+ #
1257
+ # 2) Every single replica computes the time of the last interaction with
1258
+ # its master. This can be the last ping or command received (if the master
1259
+ # is still in the "connected" state), or the time that elapsed since the
1260
+ # disconnection with the master (if the replication link is currently down).
1261
+ # If the last interaction is too old, the replica will not try to failover
1262
+ # at all.
1263
+ #
1264
+ # The point "2" can be tuned by user. Specifically a replica will not perform
1265
+ # the failover if, since the last interaction with the master, the time
1266
+ # elapsed is greater than:
1267
+ #
1268
+ # (node-timeout * cluster-replica-validity-factor) + repl-ping-replica-period
1269
+ #
1270
+ # So for example if node-timeout is 30 seconds, and the cluster-replica-validity-factor
1271
+ # is 10, and assuming a default repl-ping-replica-period of 10 seconds, the
1272
+ # replica will not try to failover if it was not able to talk with the master
1273
+ # for longer than 310 seconds.
1274
+ #
1275
+ # A large cluster-replica-validity-factor may allow replicas with too old data to failover
1276
+ # a master, while a too small value may prevent the cluster from being able to
1277
+ # elect a replica at all.
1278
+ #
1279
+ # For maximum availability, it is possible to set the cluster-replica-validity-factor
1280
+ # to a value of 0, which means, that replicas will always try to failover the
1281
+ # master regardless of the last time they interacted with the master.
1282
+ # (However they'll always try to apply a delay proportional to their
1283
+ # offset rank).
1284
+ #
1285
+ # Zero is the only value able to guarantee that when all the partitions heal
1286
+ # the cluster will always be able to continue.
1287
+ #
1288
+ # cluster-replica-validity-factor 10
1289
+
1290
+ # Cluster replicas are able to migrate to orphaned masters, that are masters
1291
+ # that are left without working replicas. This improves the cluster ability
1292
+ # to resist to failures as otherwise an orphaned master can't be failed over
1293
+ # in case of failure if it has no working replicas.
1294
+ #
1295
+ # Replicas migrate to orphaned masters only if there are still at least a
1296
+ # given number of other working replicas for their old master. This number
1297
+ # is the "migration barrier". A migration barrier of 1 means that a replica
1298
+ # will migrate only if there is at least 1 other working replica for its master
1299
+ # and so forth. It usually reflects the number of replicas you want for every
1300
+ # master in your cluster.
1301
+ #
1302
+ # Default is 1 (replicas migrate only if their masters remain with at least
1303
+ # one replica). To disable migration just set it to a very large value.
1304
+ # A value of 0 can be set but is useful only for debugging and dangerous
1305
+ # in production.
1306
+ #
1307
+ # cluster-migration-barrier 1
1308
+
1309
+ # By default Redis Cluster nodes stop accepting queries if they detect there
1310
+ # is at least a hash slot uncovered (no available node is serving it).
1311
+ # This way if the cluster is partially down (for example a range of hash slots
1312
+ # are no longer covered) all the cluster becomes, eventually, unavailable.
1313
+ # It automatically returns available as soon as all the slots are covered again.
1314
+ #
1315
+ # However sometimes you want the subset of the cluster which is working,
1316
+ # to continue to accept queries for the part of the key space that is still
1317
+ # covered. In order to do so, just set the cluster-require-full-coverage
1318
+ # option to no.
1319
+ #
1320
+ # cluster-require-full-coverage yes
1321
+
1322
+ # This option, when set to yes, prevents replicas from trying to failover its
1323
+ # master during master failures. However the master can still perform a
1324
+ # manual failover, if forced to do so.
1325
+ #
1326
+ # This is useful in different scenarios, especially in the case of multiple
1327
+ # data center operations, where we want one side to never be promoted if not
1328
+ # in the case of a total DC failure.
1329
+ #
1330
+ # cluster-replica-no-failover no
1331
+
1332
+ # This option, when set to yes, allows nodes to serve read traffic while the
1333
+ # the cluster is in a down state, as long as it believes it owns the slots.
1334
+ #
1335
+ # This is useful for two cases. The first case is for when an application
1336
+ # doesn't require consistency of data during node failures or network partitions.
1337
+ # One example of this is a cache, where as long as the node has the data it
1338
+ # should be able to serve it.
1339
+ #
1340
+ # The second use case is for configurations that don't meet the recommended
1341
+ # three shards but want to enable cluster mode and scale later. A
1342
+ # master outage in a 1 or 2 shard configuration causes a read/write outage to the
1343
+ # entire cluster without this option set, with it set there is only a write outage.
1344
+ # Without a quorum of masters, slot ownership will not change automatically.
1345
+ #
1346
+ # cluster-allow-reads-when-down no
1347
+
1348
+ # In order to setup your cluster make sure to read the documentation
1349
+ # available at http://redis.io web site.
1350
+
1351
+ ########################## CLUSTER DOCKER/NAT support ########################
1352
+
1353
+ # In certain deployments, Redis Cluster nodes address discovery fails, because
1354
+ # addresses are NAT-ted or because ports are forwarded (the typical case is
1355
+ # Docker and other containers).
1356
+ #
1357
+ # In order to make Redis Cluster working in such environments, a static
1358
+ # configuration where each node knows its public address is needed. The
1359
+ # following two options are used for this scope, and are:
1360
+ #
1361
+ # * cluster-announce-ip
1362
+ # * cluster-announce-port
1363
+ # * cluster-announce-bus-port
1364
+ #
1365
+ # Each instructs the node about its address, client port, and cluster message
1366
+ # bus port. The information is then published in the header of the bus packets
1367
+ # so that other nodes will be able to correctly map the address of the node
1368
+ # publishing the information.
1369
+ #
1370
+ # If the above options are not used, the normal Redis Cluster auto-detection
1371
+ # will be used instead.
1372
+ #
1373
+ # Note that when remapped, the bus port may not be at the fixed offset of
1374
+ # clients port + 10000, so you can specify any port and bus-port depending
1375
+ # on how they get remapped. If the bus-port is not set, a fixed offset of
1376
+ # 10000 will be used as usual.
1377
+ #
1378
+ # Example:
1379
+ #
1380
+ # cluster-announce-ip 10.1.1.5
1381
+ # cluster-announce-port 6379
1382
+ # cluster-announce-bus-port 6380
1383
+
1384
+ ################################## SLOW LOG ###################################
1385
+
1386
+ # The Redis Slow Log is a system to log queries that exceeded a specified
1387
+ # execution time. The execution time does not include the I/O operations
1388
+ # like talking with the client, sending the reply and so forth,
1389
+ # but just the time needed to actually execute the command (this is the only
1390
+ # stage of command execution where the thread is blocked and can not serve
1391
+ # other requests in the meantime).
1392
+ #
1393
+ # You can configure the slow log with two parameters: one tells Redis
1394
+ # what is the execution time, in microseconds, to exceed in order for the
1395
+ # command to get logged, and the other parameter is the length of the
1396
+ # slow log. When a new command is logged the oldest one is removed from the
1397
+ # queue of logged commands.
1398
+
1399
+ # The following time is expressed in microseconds, so 1000000 is equivalent
1400
+ # to one second. Note that a negative number disables the slow log, while
1401
+ # a value of zero forces the logging of every command.
1402
+ slowlog-log-slower-than 10000
1403
+
1404
+ # There is no limit to this length. Just be aware that it will consume memory.
1405
+ # You can reclaim memory used by the slow log with SLOWLOG RESET.
1406
+ slowlog-max-len 128
1407
+
1408
+ ################################ LATENCY MONITOR ##############################
1409
+
1410
+ # The Redis latency monitoring subsystem samples different operations
1411
+ # at runtime in order to collect data related to possible sources of
1412
+ # latency of a Redis instance.
1413
+ #
1414
+ # Via the LATENCY command this information is available to the user that can
1415
+ # print graphs and obtain reports.
1416
+ #
1417
+ # The system only logs operations that were performed in a time equal or
1418
+ # greater than the amount of milliseconds specified via the
1419
+ # latency-monitor-threshold configuration directive. When its value is set
1420
+ # to zero, the latency monitor is turned off.
1421
+ #
1422
+ # By default latency monitoring is disabled since it is mostly not needed
1423
+ # if you don't have latency issues, and collecting data has a performance
1424
+ # impact, that while very small, can be measured under big load. Latency
1425
+ # monitoring can easily be enabled at runtime using the command
1426
+ # "CONFIG SET latency-monitor-threshold <milliseconds>" if needed.
1427
+ latency-monitor-threshold 0
1428
+
1429
+ ############################# EVENT NOTIFICATION ##############################
1430
+
1431
+ # Redis can notify Pub/Sub clients about events happening in the key space.
1432
+ # This feature is documented at http://redis.io/topics/notifications
1433
+ #
1434
+ # For instance if keyspace events notification is enabled, and a client
1435
+ # performs a DEL operation on key "foo" stored in the Database 0, two
1436
+ # messages will be published via Pub/Sub:
1437
+ #
1438
+ # PUBLISH __keyspace@0__:foo del
1439
+ # PUBLISH __keyevent@0__:del foo
1440
+ #
1441
+ # It is possible to select the events that Redis will notify among a set
1442
+ # of classes. Every class is identified by a single character:
1443
+ #
1444
+ # K Keyspace events, published with __keyspace@<db>__ prefix.
1445
+ # E Keyevent events, published with __keyevent@<db>__ prefix.
1446
+ # g Generic commands (non-type specific) like DEL, EXPIRE, RENAME, ...
1447
+ # $ String commands
1448
+ # l List commands
1449
+ # s Set commands
1450
+ # h Hash commands
1451
+ # z Sorted set commands
1452
+ # x Expired events (events generated every time a key expires)
1453
+ # e Evicted events (events generated when a key is evicted for maxmemory)
1454
+ # t Stream commands
1455
+ # m Key-miss events (Note: It is not included in the 'A' class)
1456
+ # A Alias for g$lshzxet, so that the "AKE" string means all the events
1457
+ # (Except key-miss events which are excluded from 'A' due to their
1458
+ # unique nature).
1459
+ #
1460
+ # The "notify-keyspace-events" takes as argument a string that is composed
1461
+ # of zero or multiple characters. The empty string means that notifications
1462
+ # are disabled.
1463
+ #
1464
+ # Example: to enable list and generic events, from the point of view of the
1465
+ # event name, use:
1466
+ #
1467
+ # notify-keyspace-events Elg
1468
+ #
1469
+ # Example 2: to get the stream of the expired keys subscribing to channel
1470
+ # name __keyevent@0__:expired use:
1471
+ #
1472
+ # notify-keyspace-events Ex
1473
+ #
1474
+ # By default all notifications are disabled because most users don't need
1475
+ # this feature and the feature has some overhead. Note that if you don't
1476
+ # specify at least one of K or E, no events will be delivered.
1477
+ notify-keyspace-events ""
1478
+
1479
+ ############################### GOPHER SERVER #################################
1480
+
1481
+ # Redis contains an implementation of the Gopher protocol, as specified in
1482
+ # the RFC 1436 (https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1436.txt).
1483
+ #
1484
+ # The Gopher protocol was very popular in the late '90s. It is an alternative
1485
+ # to the web, and the implementation both server and client side is so simple
1486
+ # that the Redis server has just 100 lines of code in order to implement this
1487
+ # support.
1488
+ #
1489
+ # What do you do with Gopher nowadays? Well Gopher never *really* died, and
1490
+ # lately there is a movement in order for the Gopher more hierarchical content
1491
+ # composed of just plain text documents to be resurrected. Some want a simpler
1492
+ # internet, others believe that the mainstream internet became too much
1493
+ # controlled, and it's cool to create an alternative space for people that
1494
+ # want a bit of fresh air.
1495
+ #
1496
+ # Anyway for the 10nth birthday of the Redis, we gave it the Gopher protocol
1497
+ # as a gift.
1498
+ #
1499
+ # --- HOW IT WORKS? ---
1500
+ #
1501
+ # The Redis Gopher support uses the inline protocol of Redis, and specifically
1502
+ # two kind of inline requests that were anyway illegal: an empty request
1503
+ # or any request that starts with "/" (there are no Redis commands starting
1504
+ # with such a slash). Normal RESP2/RESP3 requests are completely out of the
1505
+ # path of the Gopher protocol implementation and are served as usual as well.
1506
+ #
1507
+ # If you open a connection to Redis when Gopher is enabled and send it
1508
+ # a string like "/foo", if there is a key named "/foo" it is served via the
1509
+ # Gopher protocol.
1510
+ #
1511
+ # In order to create a real Gopher "hole" (the name of a Gopher site in Gopher
1512
+ # talking), you likely need a script like the following:
1513
+ #
1514
+ # https://github.com/antirez/gopher2redis
1515
+ #
1516
+ # --- SECURITY WARNING ---
1517
+ #
1518
+ # If you plan to put Redis on the internet in a publicly accessible address
1519
+ # to server Gopher pages MAKE SURE TO SET A PASSWORD to the instance.
1520
+ # Once a password is set:
1521
+ #
1522
+ # 1. The Gopher server (when enabled, not by default) will still serve
1523
+ # content via Gopher.
1524
+ # 2. However other commands cannot be called before the client will
1525
+ # authenticate.
1526
+ #
1527
+ # So use the 'requirepass' option to protect your instance.
1528
+ #
1529
+ # Note that Gopher is not currently supported when 'io-threads-do-reads'
1530
+ # is enabled.
1531
+ #
1532
+ # To enable Gopher support, uncomment the following line and set the option
1533
+ # from no (the default) to yes.
1534
+ #
1535
+ # gopher-enabled no
1536
+
1537
+ ############################### ADVANCED CONFIG ###############################
1538
+
1539
+ # Hashes are encoded using a memory efficient data structure when they have a
1540
+ # small number of entries, and the biggest entry does not exceed a given
1541
+ # threshold. These thresholds can be configured using the following directives.
1542
+ hash-max-ziplist-entries 512
1543
+ hash-max-ziplist-value 64
1544
+
1545
+ # Lists are also encoded in a special way to save a lot of space.
1546
+ # The number of entries allowed per internal list node can be specified
1547
+ # as a fixed maximum size or a maximum number of elements.
1548
+ # For a fixed maximum size, use -5 through -1, meaning:
1549
+ # -5: max size: 64 Kb <-- not recommended for normal workloads
1550
+ # -4: max size: 32 Kb <-- not recommended
1551
+ # -3: max size: 16 Kb <-- probably not recommended
1552
+ # -2: max size: 8 Kb <-- good
1553
+ # -1: max size: 4 Kb <-- good
1554
+ # Positive numbers mean store up to _exactly_ that number of elements
1555
+ # per list node.
1556
+ # The highest performing option is usually -2 (8 Kb size) or -1 (4 Kb size),
1557
+ # but if your use case is unique, adjust the settings as necessary.
1558
+ list-max-ziplist-size -2
1559
+
1560
+ # Lists may also be compressed.
1561
+ # Compress depth is the number of quicklist ziplist nodes from *each* side of
1562
+ # the list to *exclude* from compression. The head and tail of the list
1563
+ # are always uncompressed for fast push/pop operations. Settings are:
1564
+ # 0: disable all list compression
1565
+ # 1: depth 1 means "don't start compressing until after 1 node into the list,
1566
+ # going from either the head or tail"
1567
+ # So: [head]->node->node->...->node->[tail]
1568
+ # [head], [tail] will always be uncompressed; inner nodes will compress.
1569
+ # 2: [head]->[next]->node->node->...->node->[prev]->[tail]
1570
+ # 2 here means: don't compress head or head->next or tail->prev or tail,
1571
+ # but compress all nodes between them.
1572
+ # 3: [head]->[next]->[next]->node->node->...->node->[prev]->[prev]->[tail]
1573
+ # etc.
1574
+ list-compress-depth 0
1575
+
1576
+ # Sets have a special encoding in just one case: when a set is composed
1577
+ # of just strings that happen to be integers in radix 10 in the range
1578
+ # of 64 bit signed integers.
1579
+ # The following configuration setting sets the limit in the size of the
1580
+ # set in order to use this special memory saving encoding.
1581
+ set-max-intset-entries 512
1582
+
1583
+ # Similarly to hashes and lists, sorted sets are also specially encoded in
1584
+ # order to save a lot of space. This encoding is only used when the length and
1585
+ # elements of a sorted set are below the following limits:
1586
+ zset-max-ziplist-entries 128
1587
+ zset-max-ziplist-value 64
1588
+
1589
+ # HyperLogLog sparse representation bytes limit. The limit includes the
1590
+ # 16 bytes header. When an HyperLogLog using the sparse representation crosses
1591
+ # this limit, it is converted into the dense representation.
1592
+ #
1593
+ # A value greater than 16000 is totally useless, since at that point the
1594
+ # dense representation is more memory efficient.
1595
+ #
1596
+ # The suggested value is ~ 3000 in order to have the benefits of
1597
+ # the space efficient encoding without slowing down too much PFADD,
1598
+ # which is O(N) with the sparse encoding. The value can be raised to
1599
+ # ~ 10000 when CPU is not a concern, but space is, and the data set is
1600
+ # composed of many HyperLogLogs with cardinality in the 0 - 15000 range.
1601
+ hll-sparse-max-bytes 3000
1602
+
1603
+ # Streams macro node max size / items. The stream data structure is a radix
1604
+ # tree of big nodes that encode multiple items inside. Using this configuration
1605
+ # it is possible to configure how big a single node can be in bytes, and the
1606
+ # maximum number of items it may contain before switching to a new node when
1607
+ # appending new stream entries. If any of the following settings are set to
1608
+ # zero, the limit is ignored, so for instance it is possible to set just a
1609
+ # max entires limit by setting max-bytes to 0 and max-entries to the desired
1610
+ # value.
1611
+ stream-node-max-bytes 4096
1612
+ stream-node-max-entries 100
1613
+
1614
+ # Active rehashing uses 1 millisecond every 100 milliseconds of CPU time in
1615
+ # order to help rehashing the main Redis hash table (the one mapping top-level
1616
+ # keys to values). The hash table implementation Redis uses (see dict.c)
1617
+ # performs a lazy rehashing: the more operation you run into a hash table
1618
+ # that is rehashing, the more rehashing "steps" are performed, so if the
1619
+ # server is idle the rehashing is never complete and some more memory is used
1620
+ # by the hash table.
1621
+ #
1622
+ # The default is to use this millisecond 10 times every second in order to
1623
+ # actively rehash the main dictionaries, freeing memory when possible.
1624
+ #
1625
+ # If unsure:
1626
+ # use "activerehashing no" if you have hard latency requirements and it is
1627
+ # not a good thing in your environment that Redis can reply from time to time
1628
+ # to queries with 2 milliseconds delay.
1629
+ #
1630
+ # use "activerehashing yes" if you don't have such hard requirements but
1631
+ # want to free memory asap when possible.
1632
+ activerehashing yes
1633
+
1634
+ # The client output buffer limits can be used to force disconnection of clients
1635
+ # that are not reading data from the server fast enough for some reason (a
1636
+ # common reason is that a Pub/Sub client can't consume messages as fast as the
1637
+ # publisher can produce them).
1638
+ #
1639
+ # The limit can be set differently for the three different classes of clients:
1640
+ #
1641
+ # normal -> normal clients including MONITOR clients
1642
+ # replica -> replica clients
1643
+ # pubsub -> clients subscribed to at least one pubsub channel or pattern
1644
+ #
1645
+ # The syntax of every client-output-buffer-limit directive is the following:
1646
+ #
1647
+ # client-output-buffer-limit <class> <hard limit> <soft limit> <soft seconds>
1648
+ #
1649
+ # A client is immediately disconnected once the hard limit is reached, or if
1650
+ # the soft limit is reached and remains reached for the specified number of
1651
+ # seconds (continuously).
1652
+ # So for instance if the hard limit is 32 megabytes and the soft limit is
1653
+ # 16 megabytes / 10 seconds, the client will get disconnected immediately
1654
+ # if the size of the output buffers reach 32 megabytes, but will also get
1655
+ # disconnected if the client reaches 16 megabytes and continuously overcomes
1656
+ # the limit for 10 seconds.
1657
+ #
1658
+ # By default normal clients are not limited because they don't receive data
1659
+ # without asking (in a push way), but just after a request, so only
1660
+ # asynchronous clients may create a scenario where data is requested faster
1661
+ # than it can read.
1662
+ #
1663
+ # Instead there is a default limit for pubsub and replica clients, since
1664
+ # subscribers and replicas receive data in a push fashion.
1665
+ #
1666
+ # Both the hard or the soft limit can be disabled by setting them to zero.
1667
+ client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0
1668
+ client-output-buffer-limit replica 256mb 64mb 60
1669
+ client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60
1670
+
1671
+ # Client query buffers accumulate new commands. They are limited to a fixed
1672
+ # amount by default in order to avoid that a protocol desynchronization (for
1673
+ # instance due to a bug in the client) will lead to unbound memory usage in
1674
+ # the query buffer. However you can configure it here if you have very special
1675
+ # needs, such us huge multi/exec requests or alike.
1676
+ #
1677
+ # client-query-buffer-limit 1gb
1678
+
1679
+ # In the Redis protocol, bulk requests, that are, elements representing single
1680
+ # strings, are normally limited to 512 mb. However you can change this limit
1681
+ # here, but must be 1mb or greater
1682
+ #
1683
+ # proto-max-bulk-len 512mb
1684
+
1685
+ # Redis calls an internal function to perform many background tasks, like
1686
+ # closing connections of clients in timeout, purging expired keys that are
1687
+ # never requested, and so forth.
1688
+ #
1689
+ # Not all tasks are performed with the same frequency, but Redis checks for
1690
+ # tasks to perform according to the specified "hz" value.
1691
+ #
1692
+ # By default "hz" is set to 10. Raising the value will use more CPU when
1693
+ # Redis is idle, but at the same time will make Redis more responsive when
1694
+ # there are many keys expiring at the same time, and timeouts may be
1695
+ # handled with more precision.
1696
+ #
1697
+ # The range is between 1 and 500, however a value over 100 is usually not
1698
+ # a good idea. Most users should use the default of 10 and raise this up to
1699
+ # 100 only in environments where very low latency is required.
1700
+ hz 10
1701
+
1702
+ # Normally it is useful to have an HZ value which is proportional to the
1703
+ # number of clients connected. This is useful in order, for instance, to
1704
+ # avoid too many clients are processed for each background task invocation
1705
+ # in order to avoid latency spikes.
1706
+ #
1707
+ # Since the default HZ value by default is conservatively set to 10, Redis
1708
+ # offers, and enables by default, the ability to use an adaptive HZ value
1709
+ # which will temporarily raise when there are many connected clients.
1710
+ #
1711
+ # When dynamic HZ is enabled, the actual configured HZ will be used
1712
+ # as a baseline, but multiples of the configured HZ value will be actually
1713
+ # used as needed once more clients are connected. In this way an idle
1714
+ # instance will use very little CPU time while a busy instance will be
1715
+ # more responsive.
1716
+ dynamic-hz yes
1717
+
1718
+ # When a child rewrites the AOF file, if the following option is enabled
1719
+ # the file will be fsync-ed every 32 MB of data generated. This is useful
1720
+ # in order to commit the file to the disk more incrementally and avoid
1721
+ # big latency spikes.
1722
+ aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync yes
1723
+
1724
+ # When redis saves RDB file, if the following option is enabled
1725
+ # the file will be fsync-ed every 32 MB of data generated. This is useful
1726
+ # in order to commit the file to the disk more incrementally and avoid
1727
+ # big latency spikes.
1728
+ rdb-save-incremental-fsync yes
1729
+
1730
+ # Redis LFU eviction (see maxmemory setting) can be tuned. However it is a good
1731
+ # idea to start with the default settings and only change them after investigating
1732
+ # how to improve the performances and how the keys LFU change over time, which
1733
+ # is possible to inspect via the OBJECT FREQ command.
1734
+ #
1735
+ # There are two tunable parameters in the Redis LFU implementation: the
1736
+ # counter logarithm factor and the counter decay time. It is important to
1737
+ # understand what the two parameters mean before changing them.
1738
+ #
1739
+ # The LFU counter is just 8 bits per key, it's maximum value is 255, so Redis
1740
+ # uses a probabilistic increment with logarithmic behavior. Given the value
1741
+ # of the old counter, when a key is accessed, the counter is incremented in
1742
+ # this way:
1743
+ #
1744
+ # 1. A random number R between 0 and 1 is extracted.
1745
+ # 2. A probability P is calculated as 1/(old_value*lfu_log_factor+1).
1746
+ # 3. The counter is incremented only if R < P.
1747
+ #
1748
+ # The default lfu-log-factor is 10. This is a table of how the frequency
1749
+ # counter changes with a different number of accesses with different
1750
+ # logarithmic factors:
1751
+ #
1752
+ # +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
1753
+ # | factor | 100 hits | 1000 hits | 100K hits | 1M hits | 10M hits |
1754
+ # +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
1755
+ # | 0 | 104 | 255 | 255 | 255 | 255 |
1756
+ # +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
1757
+ # | 1 | 18 | 49 | 255 | 255 | 255 |
1758
+ # +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
1759
+ # | 10 | 10 | 18 | 142 | 255 | 255 |
1760
+ # +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
1761
+ # | 100 | 8 | 11 | 49 | 143 | 255 |
1762
+ # +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
1763
+ #
1764
+ # NOTE: The above table was obtained by running the following commands:
1765
+ #
1766
+ # redis-benchmark -n 1000000 incr foo
1767
+ # redis-cli object freq foo
1768
+ #
1769
+ # NOTE 2: The counter initial value is 5 in order to give new objects a chance
1770
+ # to accumulate hits.
1771
+ #
1772
+ # The counter decay time is the time, in minutes, that must elapse in order
1773
+ # for the key counter to be divided by two (or decremented if it has a value
1774
+ # less <= 10).
1775
+ #
1776
+ # The default value for the lfu-decay-time is 1. A special value of 0 means to
1777
+ # decay the counter every time it happens to be scanned.
1778
+ #
1779
+ # lfu-log-factor 10
1780
+ # lfu-decay-time 1
1781
+
1782
+ ########################### ACTIVE DEFRAGMENTATION #######################
1783
+ #
1784
+ # What is active defragmentation?
1785
+ # -------------------------------
1786
+ #
1787
+ # Active (online) defragmentation allows a Redis server to compact the
1788
+ # spaces left between small allocations and deallocations of data in memory,
1789
+ # thus allowing to reclaim back memory.
1790
+ #
1791
+ # Fragmentation is a natural process that happens with every allocator (but
1792
+ # less so with Jemalloc, fortunately) and certain workloads. Normally a server
1793
+ # restart is needed in order to lower the fragmentation, or at least to flush
1794
+ # away all the data and create it again. However thanks to this feature
1795
+ # implemented by Oran Agra for Redis 4.0 this process can happen at runtime
1796
+ # in a "hot" way, while the server is running.
1797
+ #
1798
+ # Basically when the fragmentation is over a certain level (see the
1799
+ # configuration options below) Redis will start to create new copies of the
1800
+ # values in contiguous memory regions by exploiting certain specific Jemalloc
1801
+ # features (in order to understand if an allocation is causing fragmentation
1802
+ # and to allocate it in a better place), and at the same time, will release the
1803
+ # old copies of the data. This process, repeated incrementally for all the keys
1804
+ # will cause the fragmentation to drop back to normal values.
1805
+ #
1806
+ # Important things to understand:
1807
+ #
1808
+ # 1. This feature is disabled by default, and only works if you compiled Redis
1809
+ # to use the copy of Jemalloc we ship with the source code of Redis.
1810
+ # This is the default with Linux builds.
1811
+ #
1812
+ # 2. You never need to enable this feature if you don't have fragmentation
1813
+ # issues.
1814
+ #
1815
+ # 3. Once you experience fragmentation, you can enable this feature when
1816
+ # needed with the command "CONFIG SET activedefrag yes".
1817
+ #
1818
+ # The configuration parameters are able to fine tune the behavior of the
1819
+ # defragmentation process. If you are not sure about what they mean it is
1820
+ # a good idea to leave the defaults untouched.
1821
+
1822
+ # Enabled active defragmentation
1823
+ # activedefrag no
1824
+
1825
+ # Minimum amount of fragmentation waste to start active defrag
1826
+ # active-defrag-ignore-bytes 100mb
1827
+
1828
+ # Minimum percentage of fragmentation to start active defrag
1829
+ # active-defrag-threshold-lower 10
1830
+
1831
+ # Maximum percentage of fragmentation at which we use maximum effort
1832
+ # active-defrag-threshold-upper 100
1833
+
1834
+ # Minimal effort for defrag in CPU percentage, to be used when the lower
1835
+ # threshold is reached
1836
+ # active-defrag-cycle-min 1
1837
+
1838
+ # Maximal effort for defrag in CPU percentage, to be used when the upper
1839
+ # threshold is reached
1840
+ # active-defrag-cycle-max 25
1841
+
1842
+ # Maximum number of set/hash/zset/list fields that will be processed from
1843
+ # the main dictionary scan
1844
+ # active-defrag-max-scan-fields 1000
1845
+
1846
+ # Jemalloc background thread for purging will be enabled by default
1847
+ jemalloc-bg-thread yes
1848
+
1849
+ # It is possible to pin different threads and processes of Redis to specific
1850
+ # CPUs in your system, in order to maximize the performances of the server.
1851
+ # This is useful both in order to pin different Redis threads in different
1852
+ # CPUs, but also in order to make sure that multiple Redis instances running
1853
+ # in the same host will be pinned to different CPUs.
1854
+ #
1855
+ # Normally you can do this using the "taskset" command, however it is also
1856
+ # possible to this via Redis configuration directly, both in Linux and FreeBSD.
1857
+ #
1858
+ # You can pin the server/IO threads, bio threads, aof rewrite child process, and
1859
+ # the bgsave child process. The syntax to specify the cpu list is the same as
1860
+ # the taskset command:
1861
+ #
1862
+ # Set redis server/io threads to cpu affinity 0,2,4,6:
1863
+ # server_cpulist 0-7:2
1864
+ #
1865
+ # Set bio threads to cpu affinity 1,3:
1866
+ # bio_cpulist 1,3
1867
+ #
1868
+ # Set aof rewrite child process to cpu affinity 8,9,10,11:
1869
+ # aof_rewrite_cpulist 8-11
1870
+ #
1871
+ # Set bgsave child process to cpu affinity 1,10,11
1872
+ # bgsave_cpulist 1,10-11
1873
+
1874
+ # In some cases redis will emit warnings and even refuse to start if it detects
1875
+ # that the system is in bad state, it is possible to suppress these warnings
1876
+ # by setting the following config which takes a space delimited list of warnings
1877
+ # to suppress
1878
+ #
1879
+ # ignore-warnings ARM64-COW-BUG