concurrent-ruby 0.7.0.rc0-x86-mingw32

data/lib/concurrent/timer_task.rb

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+require 'concurrent/dereferenceable'
+require 'concurrent/observable'
+require 'concurrent/atomic/atomic_boolean'
+require 'concurrent/executor/executor'
+require 'concurrent/executor/safe_task_executor'
+
+module Concurrent
+
+  # A very common currency pattern is to run a thread that performs a task at regular
+  # intervals. The thread that performs the task sleeps for the given interval then
+  # wakes up and performs the task. Lather, rinse, repeat... This pattern causes two
+  # problems. First, it is difficult to test the business logic of the task because the
+  # task itself is tightly coupled with the concurrency logic. Second, an exception in
+  # raised while performing the task can cause the entire thread to abend. In a
+  # long-running application where the task thread is intended to run for days/weeks/years
+  # a crashed task thread can pose a significant problem. `TimerTask` alleviates both problems.
+  # 
+  # When a `TimerTask` is launched it starts a thread for monitoring the execution interval.
+  # The `TimerTask` thread does not perform the task, however. Instead, the TimerTask
+  # launches the task on a separate thread. Should the task experience an unrecoverable
+  # crash only the task thread will crash. This makes the `TimerTask` very fault tolerant
+  # Additionally, the `TimerTask` thread can respond to the success or failure of the task,
+  # performing logging or ancillary operations. `TimerTask` can also be configured with a
+  # timeout value allowing it to kill a task that runs too long.
+  # 
+  # One other advantage of `TimerTask` is it forces the business logic to be completely decoupled
+  # from the concurrency logic. The business logic can be tested separately then passed to the
+  # `TimerTask` for scheduling and running.
+  # 
+  # In some cases it may be necessary for a `TimerTask` to affect its own execution cycle.
+  # To facilitate this a reference to the task object is passed into the block as a block
+  # argument every time the task is executed.
+  # 
+  # The `TimerTask` class includes the `Dereferenceable` mixin module so the result of
+  # the last execution is always available via the `#value` method. Derefencing options
+  # can be passed to the `TimerTask` during construction or at any later time using the
+  # `#set_deref_options` method.
+  # 
+  # `TimerTask` supports notification through the Ruby standard library
+  # {http://ruby-doc.org/stdlib-2.0/libdoc/observer/rdoc/Observable.html Observable}
+  # module. On execution the `TimerTask` will notify the observers
+  # with threes arguments: time of execution, the result of the block (or nil on failure),
+  # and any raised exceptions (or nil on success). If the timeout interval is exceeded
+  # the observer will receive a `Concurrent::TimeoutError` object as the third argument.
+  #
+  # @example Basic usage
+  #   task = Concurrent::TimerTask.new{ puts 'Boom!' }
+  #   task.run!
+  #   
+  #   task.execution_interval #=> 60 (default)
+  #   task.timeout_interval   #=> 30 (default)
+  #   
+  #   # wait 60 seconds...
+  #   #=> 'Boom!'
+  #   
+  #   task.stop #=> true
+  #
+  # @example Configuring `:execution_interval` and `:timeout_interval`
+  #   task = Concurrent::TimerTask.new(execution_interval: 5, timeout_interval: 5) do
+  #          puts 'Boom!'
+  #        end
+  #   
+  #   task.execution_interval #=> 5
+  #   task.timeout_interval   #=> 5
+  #
+  # @example Immediate execution with `:run_now`
+  #   task = Concurrent::TimerTask.new(run_now: true){ puts 'Boom!' }
+  #   task.run!
+  #   
+  #   #=> 'Boom!'
+  #
+  # @example Last `#value` and `Dereferenceable` mixin
+  #   task = Concurrent::TimerTask.new(
+  #     dup_on_deref: true,
+  #     execution_interval: 5
+  #   ){ Time.now }
+  #   
+  #   task.run!
+  #   Time.now   #=> 2013-11-07 18:06:50 -0500
+  #   sleep(10)
+  #   task.value #=> 2013-11-07 18:06:55 -0500
+  #
+  # @example Controlling execution from within the block
+  #   timer_task = Concurrent::TimerTask.new(execution_interval: 1) do |task|
+  #     task.execution_interval.times{ print 'Boom! ' }
+  #     print "\n"
+  #     task.execution_interval += 1
+  #     if task.execution_interval > 5
+  #       puts 'Stopping...'
+  #       task.stop
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #   
+  #   timer_task.run # blocking call - this task will stop itself
+  #   #=> Boom!
+  #   #=> Boom! Boom!
+  #   #=> Boom! Boom! Boom!
+  #   #=> Boom! Boom! Boom! Boom!
+  #   #=> Boom! Boom! Boom! Boom! Boom!
+  #   #=> Stopping...
+  #
+  # @example Observation
+  #   class TaskObserver
+  #     def update(time, result, ex)
+  #       if result
+  #         print "(#{time}) Execution successfully returned #{result}\n"
+  #       elsif ex.is_a?(Concurrent::TimeoutError)
+  #         print "(#{time}) Execution timed out\n"
+  #       else
+  #         print "(#{time}) Execution failed with error #{ex}\n"
+  #       end
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #   
+  #   task = Concurrent::TimerTask.new(execution_interval: 1, timeout_interval: 1){ 42 }
+  #   task.add_observer(TaskObserver.new)
+  #   task.run!
+  #   
+  #   #=> (2013-10-13 19:08:58 -0400) Execution successfully returned 42
+  #   #=> (2013-10-13 19:08:59 -0400) Execution successfully returned 42
+  #   #=> (2013-10-13 19:09:00 -0400) Execution successfully returned 42
+  #   task.stop
+  #   
+  #   task = Concurrent::TimerTask.new(execution_interval: 1, timeout_interval: 1){ sleep }
+  #   task.add_observer(TaskObserver.new)
+  #   task.run!
+  #   
+  #   #=> (2013-10-13 19:07:25 -0400) Execution timed out
+  #   #=> (2013-10-13 19:07:27 -0400) Execution timed out
+  #   #=> (2013-10-13 19:07:29 -0400) Execution timed out
+  #   task.stop
+  #   
+  #   task = Concurrent::TimerTask.new(execution_interval: 1){ raise StandardError }
+  #   task.add_observer(TaskObserver.new)
+  #   task.run!
+  #   
+  #   #=> (2013-10-13 19:09:37 -0400) Execution failed with error StandardError
+  #   #=> (2013-10-13 19:09:38 -0400) Execution failed with error StandardError
+  #   #=> (2013-10-13 19:09:39 -0400) Execution failed with error StandardError
+  #   task.stop
+  #
+  # @see http://ruby-doc.org/stdlib-2.0/libdoc/observer/rdoc/Observable.html
+  # @see http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/util/TimerTask.html
+  class TimerTask
+    include Dereferenceable
+    include RubyExecutor
+    include Concurrent::Observable
+
+    # Default `:execution_interval` in seconds.
+    EXECUTION_INTERVAL = 60
+
+    # Default `:timeout_interval` in seconds.
+    TIMEOUT_INTERVAL = 30
+
+    # Create a new TimerTask with the given task and configuration.
+    #
+    # @!macro [attach] timer_task_initialize
+    #   @param [Hash] opts the options defining task execution.
+    #   @option opts [Integer] :execution_interval number of seconds between
+    #     task executions (default: EXECUTION_INTERVAL)
+    #   @option opts [Integer] :timeout_interval number of seconds a task can
+    #     run before it is considered to have failed (default: TIMEOUT_INTERVAL)
+    #   @option opts [Boolean] :run_now Whether to run the task immediately
+    #     upon instantiation or to wait until the first #  execution_interval
+    #     has passed (default: false)
+    #  
+    #   @raise ArgumentError when no block is given.
+    #  
+    #   @yield to the block after :execution_interval seconds have passed since
+    #     the last yield
+    #   @yieldparam task a reference to the `TimerTask` instance so that the
+    #     block can control its own lifecycle. Necessary since `self` will
+    #     refer to the execution context of the block rather than the running
+    #     `TimerTask`.
+    #  
+    #   @note Calls Concurrent::Dereferenceable#  set_deref_options passing `opts`.
+    #     All options supported by Concurrent::Dereferenceable can be set
+    #     during object initialization.
+    #
+    #   @return [TimerTask] the new `TimerTask`
+    #  
+    #   @see Concurrent::Dereferenceable#  set_deref_options
+    def initialize(opts = {}, &task)
+      raise ArgumentError.new('no block given') unless block_given?
+
+      init_executor
+      set_deref_options(opts)
+
+      self.execution_interval = opts[:execution] || opts[:execution_interval] || EXECUTION_INTERVAL
+      self.timeout_interval = opts[:timeout] || opts[:timeout_interval] || TIMEOUT_INTERVAL
+      @run_now = opts[:now] || opts[:run_now]
+      @executor = Concurrent::SafeTaskExecutor.new(task)
+      @running = Concurrent::AtomicBoolean.new(false)
+
+      self.observers = CopyOnNotifyObserverSet.new
+    end
+
+    # Is the executor running?
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean] `true` when running, `false` when shutting down or shutdown
+    def running?
+      @running.true?
+    end
+
+    # Execute a previously created `TimerTask`.
+    #
+    # @return [TimerTask] a reference to `self`
+    #
+    # @example Instance and execute in separate steps
+    #   task = Concurrent::TimerTask.new(execution_interval: 10){ print "Hello World\n" }
+    #   task.running? #=> false
+    #   task.execute
+    #   task.running? #=> true
+    #
+    # @example Instance and execute in one line
+    #   task = Concurrent::TimerTask.new(execution_interval: 10){ print "Hello World\n" }.execute
+    #   task.running? #=> true
+    #
+    # @since 0.6.0
+    def execute
+      mutex.synchronize do
+        if @running.false?
+          @running.make_true
+          schedule_next_task(@run_now ? 0 : @execution_interval)
+        end
+      end
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Create and execute a new `TimerTask`.
+    #
+    # @!macro timer_task_initialize
+    #
+    # @example 
+    #   task = Concurrent::TimerTask.execute(execution_interval: 10){ print "Hello World\n" }
+    #   task.running? #=> true
+    #
+    # @since 0.6.0
+    def self.execute(opts = {}, &task)
+      TimerTask.new(opts, &task).execute
+    end
+
+    # @!attribute [rw] execution_interval
+    # @return [Fixnum] Number of seconds after the task completes before the
+    #   task is performed again.
+    def execution_interval
+      mutex.lock
+      @execution_interval
+    ensure
+      mutex.unlock
+    end
+
+    # @!attribute [rw] execution_interval
+    # @return [Fixnum] Number of seconds after the task completes before the
+    #   task is performed again.
+    def execution_interval=(value)
+      if (value = value.to_f) <= 0.0
+        raise ArgumentError.new('must be greater than zero')
+      else
+        begin
+          mutex.lock
+          @execution_interval = value
+        ensure
+          mutex.unlock
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # @!attribute [rw] timeout_interval
+    # @return [Fixnum] Number of seconds the task can run before it is
+    #   considered to have failed.
+    def timeout_interval
+      mutex.lock
+      @timeout_interval
+    ensure
+      mutex.unlock
+    end
+
+    # @!attribute [rw] timeout_interval
+    # @return [Fixnum] Number of seconds the task can run before it is
+    #   considered to have failed.
+    def timeout_interval=(value)
+      if (value = value.to_f) <= 0.0
+        raise ArgumentError.new('must be greater than zero')
+      else
+        begin
+          mutex.lock
+          @timeout_interval = value
+        ensure
+          mutex.unlock
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    private :post, :<<
+
+    protected
+
+    # @!visibility private
+    def shutdown_execution
+      @running.make_false
+      super
+    end
+
+    # @!visibility private
+    def kill_execution
+      @running.make_false
+      super
+    end
+
+    # @!visibility private
+    def schedule_next_task(interval = execution_interval)
+      Concurrent::timer(interval, Concurrent::Event.new, &method(:execute_task))
+    end
+
+    # @!visibility private
+    def execute_task(completion)
+      return unless @running.true?
+      Concurrent::timer(timeout_interval, completion, &method(:timeout_task))
+      success, value, reason = @executor.execute(self)
+      if completion.try?
+        self.value = value
+        schedule_next_task
+        time = Time.now
+        observers.notify_observers do
+          [time, self.value, reason]
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # @!visibility private
+    def timeout_task(completion)
+      return unless @running.true?
+      if completion.try?
+        self.value = value
+        schedule_next_task
+        observers.notify_observers(Time.now, nil, Concurrent::TimeoutError.new)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/concurrent/tvar.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+require 'set'
+
+require 'concurrent/atomic/thread_local_var'
+
+module Concurrent
+
+  # A `TVar` is a transactional variable - a single-element container that
+  # is used as part of a transaction - see `Concurrent::atomically`.
+  class TVar
+
+    # Create a new `TVar` with an initial value.
+    def initialize(value)
+      @value = value
+      @version = 0
+      @lock = Mutex.new
+    end
+
+    # Get the value of a `TVar`.
+    def value
+      Concurrent::atomically do
+        Transaction::current.read(self)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Set the value of a `TVar`.
+    def value=(value)
+      Concurrent::atomically do
+        Transaction::current.write(self, value)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # @!visibility private
+    def unsafe_value # :nodoc:
+      @value
+    end
+
+    # @!visibility private
+    def unsafe_value=(value) # :nodoc:
+      @value = value
+    end
+
+    # @!visibility private
+    def unsafe_version # :nodoc:
+      @version
+    end
+
+    # @!visibility private
+    def unsafe_increment_version # :nodoc:
+      @version += 1
+    end
+
+    # @!visibility private
+    def unsafe_lock # :nodoc:
+      @lock
+    end
+
+  end
+
+  # Run a block that reads and writes `TVar`s as a single atomic transaction.
+  # With respect to the value of `TVar` objects, the transaction is atomic,
+  # in that it either happens or it does not, consistent, in that the `TVar`
+  # objects involved will never enter an illegal state, and isolated, in that
+  # transactions never interfere with each other. You may recognise these
+  # properties from database transactions.
+  # 
+  # There are some very important and unusual semantics that you must be aware of:
+  # 
+  # *   Most importantly, the block that you pass to atomically may be executed more than once. In most cases your code should be free of side-effects, except for via TVar.
+  # 
+  # *   If an exception escapes an atomically block it will abort the transaction.
+  # 
+  # *   It is undefined behaviour to use callcc or Fiber with atomically.
+  # 
+  # *   If you create a new thread within an atomically, it will not be part of the transaction. Creating a thread counts as a side-effect.
+  # 
+  # Transactions within transactions are flattened to a single transaction.
+  # 
+  # @example
+  #   a = new TVar(100_000)
+  #   b = new TVar(100)
+  #   
+  #   Concurrent::atomically do
+  #     a.value -= 10
+  #     b.value += 10
+  #   end
+  def atomically
+    raise ArgumentError.new('no block given') unless block_given?
+
+    # Get the current transaction
+
+    transaction = Transaction::current
+
+    # Are we not already in a transaction (not nested)?
+
+    if transaction.nil?
+      # New transaction
+
+      begin
+        # Retry loop
+        
+        loop do
+
+          # Create a new transaction
+
+          transaction = Transaction.new
+          Transaction::current = transaction
+
+          # Run the block, aborting on exceptions
+
+          begin
+            result = yield
+          rescue Transaction::AbortError => e
+            transaction.abort
+            result = Transaction::ABORTED
+          rescue => e
+            transaction.abort
+            throw e
+          end
+          # If we can commit, break out of the loop
+
+          if result != Transaction::ABORTED
+            if transaction.commit
+              break result
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      ensure
+        # Clear the current transaction
+
+        Transaction::current = nil
+      end
+    else
+      # Nested transaction - flatten it and just run the block
+
+      yield
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Abort a currently running transaction - see `Concurrent::atomically`.
+  def abort_transaction
+    raise Transaction::AbortError.new
+  end
+
+  module_function :atomically, :abort_transaction
+
+  private
+
+  class Transaction
+
+    ABORTED = Object.new
+
+    CURRENT_TRANSACTION = ThreadLocalVar.new(nil)
+
+    ReadLogEntry = Struct.new(:tvar, :version)
+    UndoLogEntry = Struct.new(:tvar, :value)
+
+    AbortError = Class.new(StandardError)
+
+    def initialize
+      @write_set = Set.new
+      @read_log = []
+      @undo_log = []
+    end
+
+    def read(tvar)
+      Concurrent::abort_transaction unless valid?
+      @read_log.push(ReadLogEntry.new(tvar, tvar.unsafe_version))
+      tvar.unsafe_value
+    end
+
+    def write(tvar, value)
+      # Have we already written to this TVar?
+
+      unless @write_set.include? tvar
+        # Try to lock the TVar
+
+        unless tvar.unsafe_lock.try_lock
+          # Someone else is writing to this TVar - abort
+          Concurrent::abort_transaction
+        end
+
+        # We've locked it - add it to the write set
+
+        @write_set.add(tvar)
+
+        # If we previously wrote to it, check the version hasn't changed
+
+        @read_log.each do |log_entry|
+          if log_entry.tvar == tvar and tvar.unsafe_version > log_entry.version
+            Concurrent::abort_transaction
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Record the current value of the TVar so we can undo it later
+
+      @undo_log.push(UndoLogEntry.new(tvar, tvar.unsafe_value))
+
+      # Write the new value to the TVar
+
+      tvar.unsafe_value = value
+    end
+
+    def abort
+      @undo_log.each do |entry|
+        entry.tvar.unsafe_value = entry.value
+      end
+
+      unlock
+    end
+
+    def commit
+      return false unless valid?
+
+      @write_set.each do |tvar|
+        tvar.unsafe_increment_version
+      end
+
+      unlock
+      
+      true
+    end
+
+    def valid?
+      @read_log.each do |log_entry|
+        unless @write_set.include? log_entry.tvar
+          if log_entry.tvar.unsafe_version > log_entry.version
+            return false
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      true
+    end
+
+    def unlock
+      @write_set.each do |tvar|
+        tvar.unsafe_lock.unlock
+      end
+    end
+
+    def self.current
+      CURRENT_TRANSACTION.value
+    end
+
+    def self.current=(transaction)
+      CURRENT_TRANSACTION.value = transaction
+    end
+
+  end
+
+end