coffee_middleware 0.0.1 → 0.0.7

data/vendor/assets/javascripts/underscore.js

@@ -1,1227 +0,0 @@
-// Underscore.js 1.4.4
-// ===================
-
-// > http://underscorejs.org
-// > (c) 2009-2013 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud Inc.
-// > Underscore may be freely distributed under the MIT license.
-
-// Baseline setup
-// --------------
-(function() {
-
-    // Establish the root object, `window` in the browser, or `global` on the server.
-    var root = this;
-
-    // Save the previous value of the `_` variable.
-    var previousUnderscore = root._;
-
-    // Establish the object that gets returned to break out of a loop iteration.
-    var breaker = {};
-
-    // Save bytes in the minified (but not gzipped) version:
-    var ArrayProto = Array.prototype, ObjProto = Object.prototype, FuncProto = Function.prototype;
-
-    // Create quick reference variables for speed access to core prototypes.
-    var push             = ArrayProto.push,
-        slice            = ArrayProto.slice,
-        concat           = ArrayProto.concat,
-        toString         = ObjProto.toString,
-        hasOwnProperty   = ObjProto.hasOwnProperty;
-
-    // All **ECMAScript 5** native function implementations that we hope to use
-    // are declared here.
-    var
-        nativeForEach      = ArrayProto.forEach,
-        nativeMap          = ArrayProto.map,
-        nativeReduce       = ArrayProto.reduce,
-        nativeReduceRight  = ArrayProto.reduceRight,
-        nativeFilter       = ArrayProto.filter,
-        nativeEvery        = ArrayProto.every,
-        nativeSome         = ArrayProto.some,
-        nativeIndexOf      = ArrayProto.indexOf,
-        nativeLastIndexOf  = ArrayProto.lastIndexOf,
-        nativeIsArray      = Array.isArray,
-        nativeKeys         = Object.keys,
-        nativeBind         = FuncProto.bind;
-
-    // Create a safe reference to the Underscore object for use below.
-    var _ = function(obj) {
-        if (obj instanceof _) return obj;
-        if (!(this instanceof _)) return new _(obj);
-        this._wrapped = obj;
-    };
-
-    // Export the Underscore object for **Node.js**, with
-    // backwards-compatibility for the old `require()` API. If we're in
-    // the browser, add `_` as a global object via a string identifier,
-    // for Closure Compiler "advanced" mode.
-    if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
-        if (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module.exports) {
-            exports = module.exports = _;
-        }
-        exports._ = _;
-    } else {
-        root._ = _;
-    }
-
-    // Current version.
-    _.VERSION = '1.4.4';
-
-    // Collection Functions
-    // --------------------
-
-    // The cornerstone, an `each` implementation, aka `forEach`.
-    // Handles objects with the built-in `forEach`, arrays, and raw objects.
-    // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `forEach` if available.
-    var each = _.each = _.forEach = function(obj, iterator, context) {
-        if (obj == null) return;
-        if (nativeForEach && obj.forEach === nativeForEach) {
-            obj.forEach(iterator, context);
-        } else if (obj.length === +obj.length) {
-            for (var i = 0, l = obj.length; i < l; i++) {
-                if (iterator.call(context, obj[i], i, obj) === breaker) return;
-            }
-        } else {
-            for (var key in obj) {
-                if (_.has(obj, key)) {
-                    if (iterator.call(context, obj[key], key, obj) === breaker) return;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
-    // Return the results of applying the iterator to each element.
-    // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `map` if available.
-    _.map = _.collect = function(obj, iterator, context) {
-        var results = [];
-        if (obj == null) return results;
-        if (nativeMap && obj.map === nativeMap) return obj.map(iterator, context);
-        each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
-            results[results.length] = iterator.call(context, value, index, list);
-        });
-        return results;
-    };
-
-    var reduceError = 'Reduce of empty array with no initial value';
-
-    // **Reduce** builds up a single result from a list of values, aka `inject`,
-    // or `foldl`. Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `reduce` if available.
-    _.reduce = _.foldl = _.inject = function(obj, iterator, memo, context) {
-        var initial = arguments.length > 2;
-        if (obj == null) obj = [];
-        if (nativeReduce && obj.reduce === nativeReduce) {
-            if (context) iterator = _.bind(iterator, context);
-            return initial ? obj.reduce(iterator, memo) : obj.reduce(iterator);
-        }
-        each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
-            if (!initial) {
-                memo = value;
-                initial = true;
-            } else {
-                memo = iterator.call(context, memo, value, index, list);
-            }
-        });
-        if (!initial) throw new TypeError(reduceError);
-        return memo;
-    };
-
-    // The right-associative version of reduce, also known as `foldr`.
-    // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `reduceRight` if available.
-    _.reduceRight = _.foldr = function(obj, iterator, memo, context) {
-        var initial = arguments.length > 2;
-        if (obj == null) obj = [];
-        if (nativeReduceRight && obj.reduceRight === nativeReduceRight) {
-            if (context) iterator = _.bind(iterator, context);
-            return initial ? obj.reduceRight(iterator, memo) : obj.reduceRight(iterator);
-        }
-        var length = obj.length;
-        if (length !== +length) {
-            var keys = _.keys(obj);
-            length = keys.length;
-        }
-        each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
-            index = keys ? keys[--length] : --length;
-            if (!initial) {
-                memo = obj[index];
-                initial = true;
-            } else {
-                memo = iterator.call(context, memo, obj[index], index, list);
-            }
-        });
-        if (!initial) throw new TypeError(reduceError);
-        return memo;
-    };
-
-    // Return the first value which passes a truth test. Aliased as `detect`.
-    _.find = _.detect = function(obj, iterator, context) {
-        var result;
-        any(obj, function(value, index, list) {
-            if (iterator.call(context, value, index, list)) {
-                result = value;
-                return true;
-            }
-        });
-        return result;
-    };
-
-    // Return all the elements that pass a truth test.
-    // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `filter` if available.
-    // Aliased as `select`.
-    _.filter = _.select = function(obj, iterator, context) {
-        var results = [];
-        if (obj == null) return results;
-        if (nativeFilter && obj.filter === nativeFilter) return obj.filter(iterator, context);
-        each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
-            if (iterator.call(context, value, index, list)) results[results.length] = value;
-        });
-        return results;
-    };
-
-    // Return all the elements for which a truth test fails.
-    _.reject = function(obj, iterator, context) {
-        return _.filter(obj, function(value, index, list) {
-            return !iterator.call(context, value, index, list);
-        }, context);
-    };
-
-    // Determine whether all of the elements match a truth test.
-    // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `every` if available.
-    // Aliased as `all`.
-    _.every = _.all = function(obj, iterator, context) {
-        iterator || (iterator = _.identity);
-        var result = true;
-        if (obj == null) return result;
-        if (nativeEvery && obj.every === nativeEvery) return obj.every(iterator, context);
-        each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
-            if (!(result = result && iterator.call(context, value, index, list))) return breaker;
-        });
-        return !!result;
-    };
-
-    // Determine if at least one element in the object matches a truth test.
-    // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `some` if available.
-    // Aliased as `any`.
-    var any = _.some = _.any = function(obj, iterator, context) {
-        iterator || (iterator = _.identity);
-        var result = false;
-        if (obj == null) return result;
-        if (nativeSome && obj.some === nativeSome) return obj.some(iterator, context);
-        each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
-            if (result || (result = iterator.call(context, value, index, list))) return breaker;
-        });
-        return !!result;
-    };
-
-    // Determine if the array or object contains a given value (using `===`).
-    // Aliased as `include`.
-    _.contains = _.include = function(obj, target) {
-        if (obj == null) return false;
-        if (nativeIndexOf && obj.indexOf === nativeIndexOf) return obj.indexOf(target) != -1;
-        return any(obj, function(value) {
-            return value === target;
-        });
-    };
-
-    // Invoke a method (with arguments) on every item in a collection.
-    _.invoke = function(obj, method) {
-        var args = slice.call(arguments, 2);
-        var isFunc = _.isFunction(method);
-        return _.map(obj, function(value) {
-            return (isFunc ? method : value[method]).apply(value, args);
-        });
-    };
-
-    // Convenience version of a common use case of `map`: fetching a property.
-    _.pluck = function(obj, key) {
-        return _.map(obj, function(value){ return value[key]; });
-    };
-
-    // Convenience version of a common use case of `filter`: selecting only objects
-    // containing specific `key:value` pairs.
-    _.where = function(obj, attrs, first) {
-        if (_.isEmpty(attrs)) return first ? null : [];
-        return _[first ? 'find' : 'filter'](obj, function(value) {
-            for (var key in attrs) {
-                if (attrs[key] !== value[key]) return false;
-            }
-            return true;
-        });
-    };
-
-    // Convenience version of a common use case of `find`: getting the first object
-    // containing specific `key:value` pairs.
-    _.findWhere = function(obj, attrs) {
-        return _.where(obj, attrs, true);
-    };
-
-    // Return the maximum element or (element-based computation).
-    // Can't optimize arrays of integers longer than 65,535 elements.
-    // See: https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=80797
-    _.max = function(obj, iterator, context) {
-        if (!iterator && _.isArray(obj) && obj[0] === +obj[0] && obj.length < 65535) {
-            return Math.max.apply(Math, obj);
-        }
-        if (!iterator && _.isEmpty(obj)) return -Infinity;
-        var result = {computed : -Infinity, value: -Infinity};
-        each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
-            var computed = iterator ? iterator.call(context, value, index, list) : value;
-            computed >= result.computed && (result = {value : value, computed : computed});
-        });
-        return result.value;
-    };
-
-    // Return the minimum element (or element-based computation).
-    _.min = function(obj, iterator, context) {
-        if (!iterator && _.isArray(obj) && obj[0] === +obj[0] && obj.length < 65535) {
-            return Math.min.apply(Math, obj);
-        }
-        if (!iterator && _.isEmpty(obj)) return Infinity;
-        var result = {computed : Infinity, value: Infinity};
-        each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
-            var computed = iterator ? iterator.call(context, value, index, list) : value;
-            computed < result.computed && (result = {value : value, computed : computed});
-        });
-        return result.value;
-    };
-
-    // Shuffle an array.
-    _.shuffle = function(obj) {
-        var rand;
-        var index = 0;
-        var shuffled = [];
-        each(obj, function(value) {
-            rand = _.random(index++);
-            shuffled[index - 1] = shuffled[rand];
-            shuffled[rand] = value;
-        });
-        return shuffled;
-    };
-
-    // An internal function to generate lookup iterators.
-    var lookupIterator = function(value) {
-        return _.isFunction(value) ? value : function(obj){ return obj[value]; };
-    };
-
-    // Sort the object's values by a criterion produced by an iterator.
-    _.sortBy = function(obj, value, context) {
-        var iterator = lookupIterator(value);
-        return _.pluck(_.map(obj, function(value, index, list) {
-            return {
-                value : value,
-                index : index,
-                criteria : iterator.call(context, value, index, list)
-            };
-        }).sort(function(left, right) {
-                var a = left.criteria;
-                var b = right.criteria;
-                if (a !== b) {
-                    if (a > b || a === void 0) return 1;
-                    if (a < b || b === void 0) return -1;
-                }
-                return left.index < right.index ? -1 : 1;
-            }), 'value');
-    };
-
-    // An internal function used for aggregate "group by" operations.
-    var group = function(obj, value, context, behavior) {
-        var result = {};
-        var iterator = lookupIterator(value || _.identity);
-        each(obj, function(value, index) {
-            var key = iterator.call(context, value, index, obj);
-            behavior(result, key, value);
-        });
-        return result;
-    };
-
-    // Groups the object's values by a criterion. Pass either a string attribute
-    // to group by, or a function that returns the criterion.
-    _.groupBy = function(obj, value, context) {
-        return group(obj, value, context, function(result, key, value) {
-            (_.has(result, key) ? result[key] : (result[key] = [])).push(value);
-        });
-    };
-
-    // Counts instances of an object that group by a certain criterion. Pass
-    // either a string attribute to count by, or a function that returns the
-    // criterion.
-    _.countBy = function(obj, value, context) {
-        return group(obj, value, context, function(result, key) {
-            if (!_.has(result, key)) result[key] = 0;
-            result[key]++;
-        });
-    };
-
-    // Use a comparator function to figure out the smallest index at which
-    // an object should be inserted so as to maintain order. Uses binary search.
-    _.sortedIndex = function(array, obj, iterator, context) {
-        iterator = iterator == null ? _.identity : lookupIterator(iterator);
-        var value = iterator.call(context, obj);
-        var low = 0, high = array.length;
-        while (low < high) {
-            var mid = (low + high) >>> 1;
-            iterator.call(context, array[mid]) < value ? low = mid + 1 : high = mid;
-        }
-        return low;
-    };
-
-    // Safely convert anything iterable into a real, live array.
-    _.toArray = function(obj) {
-        if (!obj) return [];
-        if (_.isArray(obj)) return slice.call(obj);
-        if (obj.length === +obj.length) return _.map(obj, _.identity);
-        return _.values(obj);
-    };
-
-    // Return the number of elements in an object.
-    _.size = function(obj) {
-        if (obj == null) return 0;
-        return (obj.length === +obj.length) ? obj.length : _.keys(obj).length;
-    };
-
-    // Array Functions
-    // ---------------
-
-    // Get the first element of an array. Passing **n** will return the first N
-    // values in the array. Aliased as `head` and `take`. The **guard** check
-    // allows it to work with `_.map`.
-    _.first = _.head = _.take = function(array, n, guard) {
-        if (array == null) return void 0;
-        return (n != null) && !guard ? slice.call(array, 0, n) : array[0];
-    };
-
-    // Returns everything but the last entry of the array. Especially useful on
-    // the arguments object. Passing **n** will return all the values in
-    // the array, excluding the last N. The **guard** check allows it to work with
-    // `_.map`.
-    _.initial = function(array, n, guard) {
-        return slice.call(array, 0, array.length - ((n == null) || guard ? 1 : n));
-    };
-
-    // Get the last element of an array. Passing **n** will return the last N
-    // values in the array. The **guard** check allows it to work with `_.map`.
-    _.last = function(array, n, guard) {
-        if (array == null) return void 0;
-        if ((n != null) && !guard) {
-            return slice.call(array, Math.max(array.length - n, 0));
-        } else {
-            return array[array.length - 1];
-        }
-    };
-
-    // Returns everything but the first entry of the array. Aliased as `tail` and `drop`.
-    // Especially useful on the arguments object. Passing an **n** will return
-    // the rest N values in the array. The **guard**
-    // check allows it to work with `_.map`.
-    _.rest = _.tail = _.drop = function(array, n, guard) {
-        return slice.call(array, (n == null) || guard ? 1 : n);
-    };
-
-    // Trim out all falsy values from an array.
-    _.compact = function(array) {
-        return _.filter(array, _.identity);
-    };
-
-    // Internal implementation of a recursive `flatten` function.
-    var flatten = function(input, shallow, output) {
-        each(input, function(value) {
-            if (_.isArray(value)) {
-                shallow ? push.apply(output, value) : flatten(value, shallow, output);
-            } else {
-                output.push(value);
-            }
-        });
-        return output;
-    };
-
-    // Return a completely flattened version of an array.
-    _.flatten = function(array, shallow) {
-        return flatten(array, shallow, []);
-    };
-
-    // Return a version of the array that does not contain the specified value(s).
-    _.without = function(array) {
-        return _.difference(array, slice.call(arguments, 1));
-    };
-
-    // Produce a duplicate-free version of the array. If the array has already
-    // been sorted, you have the option of using a faster algorithm.
-    // Aliased as `unique`.
-    _.uniq = _.unique = function(array, isSorted, iterator, context) {
-        if (_.isFunction(isSorted)) {
-            context = iterator;
-            iterator = isSorted;
-            isSorted = false;
-        }
-        var initial = iterator ? _.map(array, iterator, context) : array;
-        var results = [];
-        var seen = [];
-        each(initial, function(value, index) {
-            if (isSorted ? (!index || seen[seen.length - 1] !== value) : !_.contains(seen, value)) {
-                seen.push(value);
-                results.push(array[index]);
-            }
-        });
-        return results;
-    };
-
-    // Produce an array that contains the union: each distinct element from all of
-    // the passed-in arrays.
-    _.union = function() {
-        return _.uniq(concat.apply(ArrayProto, arguments));
-    };
-
-    // Produce an array that contains every item shared between all the
-    // passed-in arrays.
-    _.intersection = function(array) {
-        var rest = slice.call(arguments, 1);
-        return _.filter(_.uniq(array), function(item) {
-            return _.every(rest, function(other) {
-                return _.indexOf(other, item) >= 0;
-            });
-        });
-    };
-
-    // Take the difference between one array and a number of other arrays.
-    // Only the elements present in just the first array will remain.
-    _.difference = function(array) {
-        var rest = concat.apply(ArrayProto, slice.call(arguments, 1));
-        return _.filter(array, function(value){ return !_.contains(rest, value); });
-    };
-
-    // Zip together multiple lists into a single array -- elements that share
-    // an index go together.
-    _.zip = function() {
-        var args = slice.call(arguments);
-        var length = _.max(_.pluck(args, 'length'));
-        var results = new Array(length);
-        for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-            results[i] = _.pluck(args, "" + i);
-        }
-        return results;
-    };
-
-    // Converts lists into objects. Pass either a single array of `[key, value]`
-    // pairs, or two parallel arrays of the same length -- one of keys, and one of
-    // the corresponding values.
-    _.object = function(list, values) {
-        if (list == null) return {};
-        var result = {};
-        for (var i = 0, l = list.length; i < l; i++) {
-            if (values) {
-                result[list[i]] = values[i];
-            } else {
-                result[list[i][0]] = list[i][1];
-            }
-        }
-        return result;
-    };
-
-    // If the browser doesn't supply us with indexOf (I'm looking at you, **MSIE**),
-    // we need this function. Return the position of the first occurrence of an
-    // item in an array, or -1 if the item is not included in the array.
-    // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `indexOf` if available.
-    // If the array is large and already in sort order, pass `true`
-    // for **isSorted** to use binary search.
-    _.indexOf = function(array, item, isSorted) {
-        if (array == null) return -1;
-        var i = 0, l = array.length;
-        if (isSorted) {
-            if (typeof isSorted == 'number') {
-                i = (isSorted < 0 ? Math.max(0, l + isSorted) : isSorted);
-            } else {
-                i = _.sortedIndex(array, item);
-                return array[i] === item ? i : -1;
-            }
-        }
-        if (nativeIndexOf && array.indexOf === nativeIndexOf) return array.indexOf(item, isSorted);
-        for (; i < l; i++) if (array[i] === item) return i;
-        return -1;
-    };
-
-    // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `lastIndexOf` if available.
-    _.lastIndexOf = function(array, item, from) {
-        if (array == null) return -1;
-        var hasIndex = from != null;
-        if (nativeLastIndexOf && array.lastIndexOf === nativeLastIndexOf) {
-            return hasIndex ? array.lastIndexOf(item, from) : array.lastIndexOf(item);
-        }
-        var i = (hasIndex ? from : array.length);
-        while (i--) if (array[i] === item) return i;
-        return -1;
-    };
-
-    // Generate an integer Array containing an arithmetic progression. A port of
-    // the native Python `range()` function. See
-    // [the Python documentation](http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#range).
-    _.range = function(start, stop, step) {
-        if (arguments.length <= 1) {
-            stop = start || 0;
-            start = 0;
-        }
-        step = arguments[2] || 1;
-
-        var len = Math.max(Math.ceil((stop - start) / step), 0);
-        var idx = 0;
-        var range = new Array(len);
-
-        while(idx < len) {
-            range[idx++] = start;
-            start += step;
-        }
-
-        return range;
-    };
-
-    // Function (ahem) Functions
-    // ------------------
-
-    // Create a function bound to a given object (assigning `this`, and arguments,
-    // optionally). Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `Function.bind` if
-    // available.
-    _.bind = function(func, context) {
-        if (func.bind === nativeBind && nativeBind) return nativeBind.apply(func, slice.call(arguments, 1));
-        var args = slice.call(arguments, 2);
-        return function() {
-            return func.apply(context, args.concat(slice.call(arguments)));
-        };
-    };
-
-    // Partially apply a function by creating a version that has had some of its
-    // arguments pre-filled, without changing its dynamic `this` context.
-    _.partial = function(func) {
-        var args = slice.call(arguments, 1);
-        return function() {
-            return func.apply(this, args.concat(slice.call(arguments)));
-        };
-    };
-
-    // Bind all of an object's methods to that object. Useful for ensuring that
-    // all callbacks defined on an object belong to it.
-    _.bindAll = function(obj) {
-        var funcs = slice.call(arguments, 1);
-        if (funcs.length === 0) funcs = _.functions(obj);
-        each(funcs, function(f) { obj[f] = _.bind(obj[f], obj); });
-        return obj;
-    };
-
-    // Memoize an expensive function by storing its results.
-    _.memoize = function(func, hasher) {
-        var memo = {};
-        hasher || (hasher = _.identity);
-        return function() {
-            var key = hasher.apply(this, arguments);
-            return _.has(memo, key) ? memo[key] : (memo[key] = func.apply(this, arguments));
-        };
-    };
-
-    // Delays a function for the given number of milliseconds, and then calls
-    // it with the arguments supplied.
-    _.delay = function(func, wait) {
-        var args = slice.call(arguments, 2);
-        return setTimeout(function(){ return func.apply(null, args); }, wait);
-    };
-
-    // Defers a function, scheduling it to run after the current call stack has
-    // cleared.
-    _.defer = function(func) {
-        return _.delay.apply(_, [func, 1].concat(slice.call(arguments, 1)));
-    };
-
-    // Returns a function, that, when invoked, will only be triggered at most once
-    // during a given window of time.
-    _.throttle = function(func, wait) {
-        var context, args, timeout, result;
-        var previous = 0;
-        var later = function() {
-            previous = new Date;
-            timeout = null;
-            result = func.apply(context, args);
-        };
-        return function() {
-            var now = new Date;
-            var remaining = wait - (now - previous);
-            context = this;
-            args = arguments;
-            if (remaining <= 0) {
-                clearTimeout(timeout);
-                timeout = null;
-                previous = now;
-                result = func.apply(context, args);
-            } else if (!timeout) {
-                timeout = setTimeout(later, remaining);
-            }
-            return result;
-        };
-    };
-
-    // Returns a function, that, as long as it continues to be invoked, will not
-    // be triggered. The function will be called after it stops being called for
-    // N milliseconds. If `immediate` is passed, trigger the function on the
-    // leading edge, instead of the trailing.
-    _.debounce = function(func, wait, immediate) {
-        var timeout, result;
-        return function() {
-            var context = this, args = arguments;
-            var later = function() {
-                timeout = null;
-                if (!immediate) result = func.apply(context, args);
-            };
-            var callNow = immediate && !timeout;
-            clearTimeout(timeout);
-            timeout = setTimeout(later, wait);
-            if (callNow) result = func.apply(context, args);
-            return result;
-        };
-    };
-
-    // Returns a function that will be executed at most one time, no matter how
-    // often you call it. Useful for lazy initialization.
-    _.once = function(func) {
-        var ran = false, memo;
-        return function() {
-            if (ran) return memo;
-            ran = true;
-            memo = func.apply(this, arguments);
-            func = null;
-            return memo;
-        };
-    };
-
-    // Returns the first function passed as an argument to the second,
-    // allowing you to adjust arguments, run code before and after, and
-    // conditionally execute the original function.
-    _.wrap = function(func, wrapper) {
-        return function() {
-            var args = [func];
-            push.apply(args, arguments);
-            return wrapper.apply(this, args);
-        };
-    };
-
-    // Returns a function that is the composition of a list of functions, each
-    // consuming the return value of the function that follows.
-    _.compose = function() {
-        var funcs = arguments;
-        return function() {
-            var args = arguments;
-            for (var i = funcs.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-                args = [funcs[i].apply(this, args)];
-            }
-            return args[0];
-        };
-    };
-
-    // Returns a function that will only be executed after being called N times.
-    _.after = function(times, func) {
-        if (times <= 0) return func();
-        return function() {
-            if (--times < 1) {
-                return func.apply(this, arguments);
-            }
-        };
-    };
-
-    // Object Functions
-    // ----------------
-
-    // Retrieve the names of an object's properties.
-    // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `Object.keys`
-    _.keys = nativeKeys || function(obj) {
-        if (obj !== Object(obj)) throw new TypeError('Invalid object');
-        var keys = [];
-        for (var key in obj) if (_.has(obj, key)) keys[keys.length] = key;
-        return keys;
-    };
-
-    // Retrieve the values of an object's properties.
-    _.values = function(obj) {
-        var values = [];
-        for (var key in obj) if (_.has(obj, key)) values.push(obj[key]);
-        return values;
-    };
-
-    // Convert an object into a list of `[key, value]` pairs.
-    _.pairs = function(obj) {
-        var pairs = [];
-        for (var key in obj) if (_.has(obj, key)) pairs.push([key, obj[key]]);
-        return pairs;
-    };
-
-    // Invert the keys and values of an object. The values must be serializable.
-    _.invert = function(obj) {
-        var result = {};
-        for (var key in obj) if (_.has(obj, key)) result[obj[key]] = key;
-        return result;
-    };
-
-    // Return a sorted list of the function names available on the object.
-    // Aliased as `methods`
-    _.functions = _.methods = function(obj) {
-        var names = [];
-        for (var key in obj) {
-            if (_.isFunction(obj[key])) names.push(key);
-        }
-        return names.sort();
-    };
-
-    // Extend a given object with all the properties in passed-in object(s).
-    _.extend = function(obj) {
-        each(slice.call(arguments, 1), function(source) {
-            if (source) {
-                for (var prop in source) {
-                    obj[prop] = source[prop];
-                }
-            }
-        });
-        return obj;
-    };
-
-    // Return a copy of the object only containing the whitelisted properties.
-    _.pick = function(obj) {
-        var copy = {};
-        var keys = concat.apply(ArrayProto, slice.call(arguments, 1));
-        each(keys, function(key) {
-            if (key in obj) copy[key] = obj[key];
-        });
-        return copy;
-    };
-
-    // Return a copy of the object without the blacklisted properties.
-    _.omit = function(obj) {
-        var copy = {};
-        var keys = concat.apply(ArrayProto, slice.call(arguments, 1));
-        for (var key in obj) {
-            if (!_.contains(keys, key)) copy[key] = obj[key];
-        }
-        return copy;
-    };
-
-    // Fill in a given object with default properties.
-    _.defaults = function(obj) {
-        each(slice.call(arguments, 1), function(source) {
-            if (source) {
-                for (var prop in source) {
-                    if (obj[prop] == null) obj[prop] = source[prop];
-                }
-            }
-        });
-        return obj;
-    };
-
-    // Create a (shallow-cloned) duplicate of an object.
-    _.clone = function(obj) {
-        if (!_.isObject(obj)) return obj;
-        return _.isArray(obj) ? obj.slice() : _.extend({}, obj);
-    };
-
-    // Invokes interceptor with the obj, and then returns obj.
-    // The primary purpose of this method is to "tap into" a method chain, in
-    // order to perform operations on intermediate results within the chain.
-    _.tap = function(obj, interceptor) {
-        interceptor(obj);
-        return obj;
-    };
-
-    // Internal recursive comparison function for `isEqual`.
-    var eq = function(a, b, aStack, bStack) {
-        // Identical objects are equal. `0 === -0`, but they aren't identical.
-        // See the Harmony `egal` proposal: http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=harmony:egal.
-        if (a === b) return a !== 0 || 1 / a == 1 / b;
-        // A strict comparison is necessary because `null == undefined`.
-        if (a == null || b == null) return a === b;
-        // Unwrap any wrapped objects.
-        if (a instanceof _) a = a._wrapped;
-        if (b instanceof _) b = b._wrapped;
-        // Compare `[[Class]]` names.
-        var className = toString.call(a);
-        if (className != toString.call(b)) return false;
-        switch (className) {
-            // Strings, numbers, dates, and booleans are compared by value.
-            case '[object String]':
-                // Primitives and their corresponding object wrappers are equivalent; thus, `"5"` is
-                // equivalent to `new String("5")`.
-                return a == String(b);
-            case '[object Number]':
-                // `NaN`s are equivalent, but non-reflexive. An `egal` comparison is performed for
-                // other numeric values.
-                return a != +a ? b != +b : (a == 0 ? 1 / a == 1 / b : a == +b);
-            case '[object Date]':
-            case '[object Boolean]':
-                // Coerce dates and booleans to numeric primitive values. Dates are compared by their
-                // millisecond representations. Note that invalid dates with millisecond representations
-                // of `NaN` are not equivalent.
-                return +a == +b;
-            // RegExps are compared by their source patterns and flags.
-            case '[object RegExp]':
-                return a.source == b.source &&
-                    a.global == b.global &&
-                    a.multiline == b.multiline &&
-                    a.ignoreCase == b.ignoreCase;
-        }
-        if (typeof a != 'object' || typeof b != 'object') return false;
-        // Assume equality for cyclic structures. The algorithm for detecting cyclic
-        // structures is adapted from ES 5.1 section 15.12.3, abstract operation `JO`.
-        var length = aStack.length;
-        while (length--) {
-            // Linear search. Performance is inversely proportional to the number of
-            // unique nested structures.
-            if (aStack[length] == a) return bStack[length] == b;
-        }
-        // Add the first object to the stack of traversed objects.
-        aStack.push(a);
-        bStack.push(b);
-        var size = 0, result = true;
-        // Recursively compare objects and arrays.
-        if (className == '[object Array]') {
-            // Compare array lengths to determine if a deep comparison is necessary.
-            size = a.length;
-            result = size == b.length;
-            if (result) {
-                // Deep compare the contents, ignoring non-numeric properties.
-                while (size--) {
-                    if (!(result = eq(a[size], b[size], aStack, bStack))) break;
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            // Objects with different constructors are not equivalent, but `Object`s
-            // from different frames are.
-            var aCtor = a.constructor, bCtor = b.constructor;
-            if (aCtor !== bCtor && !(_.isFunction(aCtor) && (aCtor instanceof aCtor) &&
-                _.isFunction(bCtor) && (bCtor instanceof bCtor))) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            // Deep compare objects.
-            for (var key in a) {
-                if (_.has(a, key)) {
-                    // Count the expected number of properties.
-                    size++;
-                    // Deep compare each member.
-                    if (!(result = _.has(b, key) && eq(a[key], b[key], aStack, bStack))) break;
-                }
-            }
-            // Ensure that both objects contain the same number of properties.
-            if (result) {
-                for (key in b) {
-                    if (_.has(b, key) && !(size--)) break;
-                }
-                result = !size;
-            }
-        }
-        // Remove the first object from the stack of traversed objects.
-        aStack.pop();
-        bStack.pop();
-        return result;
-    };
-
-    // Perform a deep comparison to check if two objects are equal.
-    _.isEqual = function(a, b) {
-        return eq(a, b, [], []);
-    };
-
-    // Is a given array, string, or object empty?
-    // An "empty" object has no enumerable own-properties.
-    _.isEmpty = function(obj) {
-        if (obj == null) return true;
-        if (_.isArray(obj) || _.isString(obj)) return obj.length === 0;
-        for (var key in obj) if (_.has(obj, key)) return false;
-        return true;
-    };
-
-    // Is a given value a DOM element?
-    _.isElement = function(obj) {
-        return !!(obj && obj.nodeType === 1);
-    };
-
-    // Is a given value an array?
-    // Delegates to ECMA5's native Array.isArray
-    _.isArray = nativeIsArray || function(obj) {
-        return toString.call(obj) == '[object Array]';
-    };
-
-    // Is a given variable an object?
-    _.isObject = function(obj) {
-        return obj === Object(obj);
-    };
-
-    // Add some isType methods: isArguments, isFunction, isString, isNumber, isDate, isRegExp.
-    each(['Arguments', 'Function', 'String', 'Number', 'Date', 'RegExp'], function(name) {
-        _['is' + name] = function(obj) {
-            return toString.call(obj) == '[object ' + name + ']';
-        };
-    });
-
-    // Define a fallback version of the method in browsers (ahem, IE), where
-    // there isn't any inspectable "Arguments" type.
-    if (!_.isArguments(arguments)) {
-        _.isArguments = function(obj) {
-            return !!(obj && _.has(obj, 'callee'));
-        };
-    }
-
-    // Optimize `isFunction` if appropriate.
-    if (typeof (/./) !== 'function') {
-        _.isFunction = function(obj) {
-            return typeof obj === 'function';
-        };
-    }
-
-    // Is a given object a finite number?
-    _.isFinite = function(obj) {
-        return isFinite(obj) && !isNaN(parseFloat(obj));
-    };
-
-    // Is the given value `NaN`? (NaN is the only number which does not equal itself).
-    _.isNaN = function(obj) {
-        return _.isNumber(obj) && obj != +obj;
-    };
-
-    // Is a given value a boolean?
-    _.isBoolean = function(obj) {
-        return obj === true || obj === false || toString.call(obj) == '[object Boolean]';
-    };
-
-    // Is a given value equal to null?
-    _.isNull = function(obj) {
-        return obj === null;
-    };
-
-    // Is a given variable undefined?
-    _.isUndefined = function(obj) {
-        return obj === void 0;
-    };
-
-    // Shortcut function for checking if an object has a given property directly
-    // on itself (in other words, not on a prototype).
-    _.has = function(obj, key) {
-        return hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key);
-    };
-
-    // Utility Functions
-    // -----------------
-
-    // Run Underscore.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `_` variable to its
-    // previous owner. Returns a reference to the Underscore object.
-    _.noConflict = function() {
-        root._ = previousUnderscore;
-        return this;
-    };
-
-    // Keep the identity function around for default iterators.
-    _.identity = function(value) {
-        return value;
-    };
-
-    // Run a function **n** times.
-    _.times = function(n, iterator, context) {
-        var accum = Array(n);
-        for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) accum[i] = iterator.call(context, i);
-        return accum;
-    };
-
-    // Return a random integer between min and max (inclusive).
-    _.random = function(min, max) {
-        if (max == null) {
-            max = min;
-            min = 0;
-        }
-        return min + Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1));
-    };
-
-    // List of HTML entities for escaping.
-    var entityMap = {
-        escape: {
-            '&': '&amp;',
-            '<': '&lt;',
-            '>': '&gt;',
-            '"': '&quot;',
-            "'": '&#x27;',
-            '/': '&#x2F;'
-        }
-    };
-    entityMap.unescape = _.invert(entityMap.escape);
-
-    // Regexes containing the keys and values listed immediately above.
-    var entityRegexes = {
-        escape:   new RegExp('[' + _.keys(entityMap.escape).join('') + ']', 'g'),
-        unescape: new RegExp('(' + _.keys(entityMap.unescape).join('|') + ')', 'g')
-    };
-
-    // Functions for escaping and unescaping strings to/from HTML interpolation.
-    _.each(['escape', 'unescape'], function(method) {
-        _[method] = function(string) {
-            if (string == null) return '';
-            return ('' + string).replace(entityRegexes[method], function(match) {
-                return entityMap[method][match];
-            });
-        };
-    });
-
-    // If the value of the named property is a function then invoke it;
-    // otherwise, return it.
-    _.result = function(object, property) {
-        if (object == null) return null;
-        var value = object[property];
-        return _.isFunction(value) ? value.call(object) : value;
-    };
-
-    // Add your own custom functions to the Underscore object.
-    _.mixin = function(obj) {
-        each(_.functions(obj), function(name){
-            var func = _[name] = obj[name];
-            _.prototype[name] = function() {
-                var args = [this._wrapped];
-                push.apply(args, arguments);
-                return result.call(this, func.apply(_, args));
-            };
-        });
-    };
-
-    // Generate a unique integer id (unique within the entire client session).
-    // Useful for temporary DOM ids.
-    var idCounter = 0;
-    _.uniqueId = function(prefix) {
-        var id = ++idCounter + '';
-        return prefix ? prefix + id : id;
-    };
-
-    // By default, Underscore uses ERB-style template delimiters, change the
-    // following template settings to use alternative delimiters.
-    _.templateSettings = {
-        evaluate    : /<%([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
-        interpolate : /<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
-        escape      : /<%-([\s\S]+?)%>/g
-    };
-
-    // When customizing `templateSettings`, if you don't want to define an
-    // interpolation, evaluation or escaping regex, we need one that is
-    // guaranteed not to match.
-    var noMatch = /(.)^/;
-
-    // Certain characters need to be escaped so that they can be put into a
-    // string literal.
-    var escapes = {
-        "'":      "'",
-        '\\':     '\\',
-        '\r':     'r',
-        '\n':     'n',
-        '\t':     't',
-        '\u2028': 'u2028',
-        '\u2029': 'u2029'
-    };
-
-    var escaper = /\\|'|\r|\n|\t|\u2028|\u2029/g;
-
-    // JavaScript micro-templating, similar to John Resig's implementation.
-    // Underscore templating handles arbitrary delimiters, preserves whitespace,
-    // and correctly escapes quotes within interpolated code.
-    _.template = function(text, data, settings) {
-        var render;
-        settings = _.defaults({}, settings, _.templateSettings);
-
-        // Combine delimiters into one regular expression via alternation.
-        var matcher = new RegExp([
-            (settings.escape || noMatch).source,
-            (settings.interpolate || noMatch).source,
-            (settings.evaluate || noMatch).source
-        ].join('|') + '|$', 'g');
-
-        // Compile the template source, escaping string literals appropriately.
-        var index = 0;
-        var source = "__p+='";
-        text.replace(matcher, function(match, escape, interpolate, evaluate, offset) {
-            source += text.slice(index, offset)
-                .replace(escaper, function(match) { return '\\' + escapes[match]; });
-
-            if (escape) {
-                source += "'+\n((__t=(" + escape + "))==null?'':_.escape(__t))+\n'";
-            }
-            if (interpolate) {
-                source += "'+\n((__t=(" + interpolate + "))==null?'':__t)+\n'";
-            }
-            if (evaluate) {
-                source += "';\n" + evaluate + "\n__p+='";
-            }
-            index = offset + match.length;
-            return match;
-        });
-        source += "';\n";
-
-        // If a variable is not specified, place data values in local scope.
-        if (!settings.variable) source = 'with(obj||{}){\n' + source + '}\n';
-
-        source = "var __t,__p='',__j=Array.prototype.join," +
-            "print=function(){__p+=__j.call(arguments,'');};\n" +
-            source + "return __p;\n";
-
-        try {
-            render = new Function(settings.variable || 'obj', '_', source);
-        } catch (e) {
-            e.source = source;
-            throw e;
-        }
-
-        if (data) return render(data, _);
-        var template = function(data) {
-            return render.call(this, data, _);
-        };
-
-        // Provide the compiled function source as a convenience for precompilation.
-        template.source = 'function(' + (settings.variable || 'obj') + '){\n' + source + '}';
-
-        return template;
-    };
-
-    // Add a "chain" function, which will delegate to the wrapper.
-    _.chain = function(obj) {
-        return _(obj).chain();
-    };
-
-    // OOP
-    // ---------------
-    // If Underscore is called as a function, it returns a wrapped object that
-    // can be used OO-style. This wrapper holds altered versions of all the
-    // underscore functions. Wrapped objects may be chained.
-
-    // Helper function to continue chaining intermediate results.
-    var result = function(obj) {
-        return this._chain ? _(obj).chain() : obj;
-    };
-
-    // Add all of the Underscore functions to the wrapper object.
-    _.mixin(_);
-
-    // Add all mutator Array functions to the wrapper.
-    each(['pop', 'push', 'reverse', 'shift', 'sort', 'splice', 'unshift'], function(name) {
-        var method = ArrayProto[name];
-        _.prototype[name] = function() {
-            var obj = this._wrapped;
-            method.apply(obj, arguments);
-            if ((name == 'shift' || name == 'splice') && obj.length === 0) delete obj[0];
-            return result.call(this, obj);
-        };
-    });
-
-    // Add all accessor Array functions to the wrapper.
-    each(['concat', 'join', 'slice'], function(name) {
-        var method = ArrayProto[name];
-        _.prototype[name] = function() {
-            return result.call(this, method.apply(this._wrapped, arguments));
-        };
-    });
-
-    _.extend(_.prototype, {
-
-        // Start chaining a wrapped Underscore object.
-        chain: function() {
-            this._chain = true;
-            return this;
-        },
-
-        // Extracts the result from a wrapped and chained object.
-        value: function() {
-            return this._wrapped;
-        }
-
-    });
-
-}).call(this);