code_ownership 2.2.0 → 2.2.1

data/ext/cargo-vendor/rb-sys-0.9.130/src/stable_api/ruby_3_2.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,764 @@
+use super::StableApiDefinition;
+use crate::{
+    debug_ruby_assert_type,
+    internal::{RArray, RString, RTypedData},
+    ruby_value_type::RUBY_T_DATA,
+    value_type, ID, VALUE,
+};
+use std::{
+    ffi::c_void,
+    os::raw::{c_char, c_long},
+    ptr::NonNull,
+    time::Duration,
+};
+
+#[cfg(not(ruby_eq_3_2))]
+compile_error!("This file should only be included in Ruby 3.2 builds");
+
+pub struct Definition;
+
+impl StableApiDefinition for Definition {
+    const VERSION_MAJOR: u32 = 3;
+    const VERSION_MINOR: u32 = 2;
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn rstring_len(&self, obj: VALUE) -> c_long {
+        assert!(self.type_p(obj, crate::ruby_value_type::RUBY_T_STRING));
+
+        let rstring: &RString = &*(obj as *const RString);
+        let flags = rstring.basic.flags;
+        let is_heap = (flags & crate::ruby_rstring_flags::RSTRING_NOEMBED as VALUE) != 0;
+
+        if !is_heap {
+            rstring.as_.embed.len as _
+        } else {
+            rstring.as_.heap.len
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn rstring_ptr(&self, obj: VALUE) -> *const c_char {
+        assert!(self.type_p(obj, crate::ruby_value_type::RUBY_T_STRING));
+
+        let rstring: &RString = &*(obj as *const RString);
+        let flags = rstring.basic.flags;
+        let is_heap = (flags & crate::ruby_rstring_flags::RSTRING_NOEMBED as VALUE) != 0;
+        let ptr = if !is_heap {
+            std::ptr::addr_of!(rstring.as_.embed.ary) as *const _
+        } else {
+            rstring.as_.heap.ptr
+        };
+
+        assert!(!ptr.is_null());
+
+        ptr
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn rarray_len(&self, obj: VALUE) -> c_long {
+        assert!(self.type_p(obj, value_type::RUBY_T_ARRAY));
+
+        let rarray: &RArray = &*(obj as *const RArray);
+        let flags = rarray.basic.flags;
+        let is_embedded = (flags & crate::ruby_rarray_flags::RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG as VALUE) != 0;
+
+        if is_embedded {
+            let mut f = rarray.basic.flags;
+            f &= crate::ruby_rarray_flags::RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MASK as VALUE;
+            f >>= crate::ruby_rarray_consts::RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT as VALUE;
+            f as c_long
+        } else {
+            rarray.as_.heap.len
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn rarray_const_ptr(&self, obj: VALUE) -> *const VALUE {
+        assert!(self.type_p(obj, value_type::RUBY_T_ARRAY));
+
+        let rarray: &RArray = &*(obj as *const RArray);
+        let flags = rarray.basic.flags;
+        let is_embedded = (flags & crate::ruby_rarray_flags::RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG as VALUE) != 0;
+        let ptr = if is_embedded {
+            std::ptr::addr_of!(rarray.as_.ary) as *const _
+        } else {
+            rarray.as_.heap.ptr
+        };
+
+        assert!(!ptr.is_null());
+
+        ptr
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn rarray_aref(&self, obj: VALUE, idx: isize) -> VALUE {
+        *self.rarray_const_ptr(obj).offset(idx)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn rarray_aset(&self, obj: VALUE, idx: isize, val: VALUE) {
+        let ptr = self.rarray_const_ptr(obj).cast_mut().offset(idx);
+        self.rb_obj_write(obj, ptr, val);
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn rbasic_class(&self, obj: VALUE) -> Option<NonNull<VALUE>> {
+        let rbasic = obj as *const crate::RBasic;
+
+        NonNull::<VALUE>::new((*rbasic).klass as _)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn frozen_p(&self, obj: VALUE) -> bool {
+        if self.special_const_p(obj) {
+            true
+        } else {
+            let rbasic = obj as *const crate::RBasic;
+            ((*rbasic).flags & crate::ruby_fl_type::RUBY_FL_FREEZE as VALUE) != 0
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn bignum_positive_p(&self, obj: VALUE) -> bool {
+        let rbasic = obj as *const crate::RBasic;
+
+        ((*rbasic).flags & crate::ruby_fl_type::RUBY_FL_USER1 as VALUE) != 0
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn special_const_p(&self, value: VALUE) -> bool {
+        let is_immediate = (value) & (crate::special_consts::IMMEDIATE_MASK as VALUE) != 0;
+        let test = (value & !(crate::Qnil as VALUE)) != 0;
+
+        is_immediate || !test
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn builtin_type(&self, obj: VALUE) -> crate::ruby_value_type {
+        let rbasic = obj as *const crate::RBasic;
+        let ret: u32 = ((*rbasic).flags & crate::ruby_value_type::RUBY_T_MASK as VALUE) as _;
+
+        std::mem::transmute::<_, crate::ruby_value_type>(ret)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn nil_p(&self, obj: VALUE) -> bool {
+        obj == (crate::Qnil as VALUE)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn fixnum_p(&self, obj: VALUE) -> bool {
+        (obj & crate::FIXNUM_FLAG as VALUE) != 0
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn static_sym_p(&self, obj: VALUE) -> bool {
+        let mask = !(VALUE::MAX << crate::ruby_special_consts::RUBY_SPECIAL_SHIFT as VALUE);
+        (obj & mask) == crate::ruby_special_consts::RUBY_SYMBOL_FLAG as VALUE
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn flonum_p(&self, obj: VALUE) -> bool {
+        #[cfg(ruby_use_flonum = "true")]
+        let ret = (obj & crate::FLONUM_MASK as VALUE) == crate::FLONUM_FLAG as VALUE;
+
+        #[cfg(not(ruby_use_flonum = "true"))]
+        let ret = false;
+
+        ret
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn immediate_p(&self, obj: VALUE) -> bool {
+        (obj & crate::special_consts::IMMEDIATE_MASK as VALUE) != 0
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn rb_test(&self, obj: VALUE) -> bool {
+        (obj & !(crate::Qnil as VALUE)) != 0
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn type_p(&self, obj: VALUE, t: crate::ruby_value_type) -> bool {
+        use crate::ruby_special_consts::*;
+        use crate::ruby_value_type::*;
+
+        if t == RUBY_T_TRUE {
+            obj == RUBY_Qtrue as _
+        } else if t == RUBY_T_FALSE {
+            obj == RUBY_Qfalse as _
+        } else if t == RUBY_T_NIL {
+            obj == RUBY_Qnil as _
+        } else if t == RUBY_T_UNDEF {
+            obj == RUBY_Qundef as _
+        } else if t == RUBY_T_FIXNUM {
+            self.fixnum_p(obj)
+        } else if t == RUBY_T_SYMBOL {
+            self.symbol_p(obj)
+        } else if t == RUBY_T_FLOAT {
+            self.float_type_p(obj)
+        } else if self.special_const_p(obj) {
+            false
+        } else if t == self.builtin_type(obj) {
+            true
+        } else {
+            t == self.rb_type(obj)
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn symbol_p(&self, obj: VALUE) -> bool {
+        self.static_sym_p(obj) || self.dynamic_sym_p(obj)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn float_type_p(&self, obj: VALUE) -> bool {
+        if self.flonum_p(obj) {
+            true
+        } else if self.special_const_p(obj) {
+            false
+        } else {
+            self.builtin_type(obj) == value_type::RUBY_T_FLOAT
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn rb_type(&self, obj: VALUE) -> crate::ruby_value_type {
+        use crate::ruby_special_consts::*;
+        use crate::ruby_value_type::*;
+
+        if !self.special_const_p(obj) {
+            self.builtin_type(obj)
+        } else if obj == RUBY_Qfalse as _ {
+            RUBY_T_FALSE
+        } else if obj == RUBY_Qnil as _ {
+            RUBY_T_NIL
+        } else if obj == RUBY_Qtrue as _ {
+            RUBY_T_TRUE
+        } else if obj == RUBY_Qundef as _ {
+            RUBY_T_UNDEF
+        } else if self.fixnum_p(obj) {
+            RUBY_T_FIXNUM
+        } else if self.static_sym_p(obj) {
+            RUBY_T_SYMBOL
+        } else {
+            debug_assert!(self.flonum_p(obj));
+            RUBY_T_FLOAT
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn dynamic_sym_p(&self, obj: VALUE) -> bool {
+        if self.special_const_p(obj) {
+            false
+        } else {
+            self.builtin_type(obj) == value_type::RUBY_T_SYMBOL
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn integer_type_p(&self, obj: VALUE) -> bool {
+        if self.fixnum_p(obj) {
+            true
+        } else if self.special_const_p(obj) {
+            false
+        } else {
+            self.builtin_type(obj) == value_type::RUBY_T_BIGNUM
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn rstring_interned_p(&self, obj: VALUE) -> bool {
+        assert!(self.type_p(obj, value_type::RUBY_T_STRING));
+
+        let rstring: &RString = &*(obj as *const RString);
+        let flags = rstring.basic.flags;
+
+        (flags & crate::ruby_rstring_flags::RSTRING_FSTR as VALUE) != 0
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn thread_sleep(&self, duration: Duration) {
+        let seconds = duration.as_secs() as _;
+        let microseconds = duration.subsec_micros() as _;
+
+        let time = crate::timeval {
+            tv_sec: seconds,
+            tv_usec: microseconds,
+        };
+
+        unsafe { crate::rb_thread_wait_for(time) }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn rtypeddata_p(&self, obj: VALUE) -> bool {
+        debug_ruby_assert_type!(obj, RUBY_T_DATA, "rtypeddata_p called on non-T_DATA object");
+
+        // Access the RTypedData struct
+        let rdata = obj as *const RTypedData;
+        let typed_flag = (*rdata).typed_flag;
+        // Valid typed_flag value for Ruby 3.2 and earlier is only 1
+        typed_flag == 1
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn rtypeddata_type(&self, obj: VALUE) -> *const crate::rb_data_type_t {
+        debug_ruby_assert_type!(
+            obj,
+            RUBY_T_DATA,
+            "rtypeddata_type called on non-T_DATA object"
+        );
+
+        let rdata = obj as *const RTypedData;
+        (*rdata).type_
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn rtypeddata_get_data(&self, obj: VALUE) -> *mut c_void {
+        debug_ruby_assert_type!(
+            obj,
+            RUBY_T_DATA,
+            "rtypeddata_get_data called on non-T_DATA object"
+        );
+
+        // For Ruby 3.2 and lower, simply return the data field
+        let rdata = obj as *const RTypedData;
+        (*rdata).data
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn fix2long(&self, obj: VALUE) -> c_long {
+        // Extract the integer value by performing an arithmetic right shift by 1
+        (obj as c_long) >> 1
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn fix2ulong(&self, obj: VALUE) -> std::os::raw::c_ulong {
+        // For positive fixnums, cast to c_long then to c_ulong
+        ((obj as c_long) >> 1) as std::os::raw::c_ulong
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn long2fix(&self, val: c_long) -> VALUE {
+        // Left shift by 1 and OR with FIXNUM_FLAG
+        (((val as VALUE) << 1) | crate::special_consts::FIXNUM_FLAG as VALUE) as VALUE
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn fixable(&self, val: c_long) -> bool {
+        // Check if value is within Fixnum range
+        val >= crate::special_consts::FIXNUM_MIN && val <= crate::special_consts::FIXNUM_MAX
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn posfixable(&self, val: std::os::raw::c_ulong) -> bool {
+        // Check if unsigned value fits in positive fixnum
+        val <= crate::special_consts::FIXNUM_MAX as std::os::raw::c_ulong
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn num2long(&self, obj: VALUE) -> c_long {
+        if self.fixnum_p(obj) {
+            self.fix2long(obj)
+        } else {
+            #[cfg(all(target_pointer_width = "64", not(target_os = "windows")))]
+            if self.type_p(obj, crate::ruby_value_type::RUBY_T_BIGNUM) {
+                if let Some(v) = bignum_to_long_fast(obj) {
+                    return v;
+                }
+            }
+            crate::rb_num2long(obj)
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn num2ulong(&self, obj: VALUE) -> std::os::raw::c_ulong {
+        if self.fixnum_p(obj) {
+            self.fix2ulong(obj)
+        } else {
+            #[cfg(all(target_pointer_width = "64", not(target_os = "windows")))]
+            if self.type_p(obj, crate::ruby_value_type::RUBY_T_BIGNUM) {
+                if let Some(v) = bignum_to_ulong_fast(obj) {
+                    return v;
+                }
+            }
+            crate::rb_num2ulong(obj)
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn long2num(&self, val: c_long) -> VALUE {
+        if self.fixable(val) {
+            self.long2fix(val)
+        } else {
+            unsafe { crate::rb_int2big(val as isize) }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn ulong2num(&self, val: std::os::raw::c_ulong) -> VALUE {
+        if self.posfixable(val) {
+            self.long2fix(val as c_long)
+        } else {
+            unsafe { crate::rb_uint2big(val as usize) }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn id2sym(&self, id: ID) -> VALUE {
+        // Static symbol encoding: (id << RUBY_SPECIAL_SHIFT) | RUBY_SYMBOL_FLAG
+        ((id as VALUE) << crate::ruby_special_consts::RUBY_SPECIAL_SHIFT as VALUE)
+            | crate::ruby_special_consts::RUBY_SYMBOL_FLAG as VALUE
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn sym2id(&self, obj: VALUE) -> ID {
+        if self.static_sym_p(obj) {
+            // Static symbol: extract ID from tagged pointer
+            (obj >> crate::ruby_special_consts::RUBY_SPECIAL_SHIFT as VALUE) as ID
+        } else {
+            // Dynamic symbol: call rb_sym2id
+            crate::rb_sym2id(obj)
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn rb_obj_write(&self, old: VALUE, slot: *mut VALUE, young: VALUE) -> VALUE {
+        *slot = young;
+        self.rb_obj_written(old, crate::Qundef as VALUE, young)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn rb_obj_written(&self, old: VALUE, _oldv: VALUE, young: VALUE) -> VALUE {
+        if !self.special_const_p(young) {
+            crate::rb_gc_writebarrier(old, young);
+        }
+        old
+    }
+    #[inline]
+    fn fl_able(&self, obj: VALUE) -> bool {
+        !self.special_const_p(obj)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn rstring_end(&self, obj: VALUE) -> *const c_char {
+        assert!(self.type_p(obj, crate::ruby_value_type::RUBY_T_STRING));
+
+        let ptr = self.rstring_ptr(obj);
+        let len = self.rstring_len(obj);
+        ptr.add(len as usize)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn rdata_ptr(&self, obj: VALUE) -> *mut c_void {
+        assert!(self.type_p(obj, RUBY_T_DATA));
+
+        let rdata = obj as *const RTypedData;
+        (*rdata).data
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn rb_obj_freeze(&self, obj: VALUE) {
+        crate::rb_obj_freeze(obj);
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn rb_obj_promoted(&self, obj: VALUE) -> bool {
+        if self.special_const_p(obj) {
+            false
+        } else {
+            self.rb_obj_promoted_raw(obj)
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn rb_obj_promoted_raw(&self, obj: VALUE) -> bool {
+        let rbasic = obj as *const crate::RBasic;
+        ((*rbasic).flags & crate::ruby_fl_type::RUBY_FL_PROMOTED as VALUE) != 0
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn num2dbl(&self, obj: VALUE) -> std::os::raw::c_double {
+        if self.flonum_p(obj) {
+            // Fast path: decode Flonum directly
+            #[cfg(ruby_use_flonum = "true")]
+            {
+                if obj != 0x8000000000000002 {
+                    let b63 = obj >> 63;
+                    let adjusted = ((2 - b63) | (obj & !0x03)) as u64;
+                    let rotated = adjusted.rotate_right(3);
+                    f64::from_bits(rotated)
+                } else {
+                    0.0
+                }
+            }
+            #[cfg(not(ruby_use_flonum = "true"))]
+            {
+                // No Flonum support, shouldn't reach here
+                crate::rb_num2dbl(obj)
+            }
+        } else if self.fixnum_p(obj) {
+            // Fast path: convert Fixnum to double
+            self.fix2long(obj) as std::os::raw::c_double
+        } else if !self.special_const_p(obj)
+            && self.builtin_type(obj) == crate::ruby_value_type::RUBY_T_FLOAT
+        {
+            // Fast path: heap Float — read RFloat.float_value directly.
+            // RFloat = { RBasic basic (2*sizeof(VALUE) bytes); double float_value; }
+            // Avoids a dylib call for the common heap-Float case.
+            // SAFETY: builtin_type check guarantees obj is a valid heap RFloat pointer.
+            #[cfg(not(target_pointer_width = "32"))]
+            {
+                (*(obj as *const RFloat)).float_value
+            }
+            #[cfg(target_pointer_width = "32")]
+            {
+                crate::rb_num2dbl(obj)
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Slow path: Bignum, coercion (to_f), TypeError, etc.
+            crate::rb_num2dbl(obj)
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn dbl2num(&self, val: std::os::raw::c_double) -> VALUE {
+        #[cfg(ruby_use_flonum = "true")]
+        {
+            let bits = val.to_bits() as VALUE;
+            let exp_bits = (bits >> 60) & 0x7;
+            // Flonum-representable: exponent top-3 bits are 011 or 100
+            if bits != 0x3000_0000_0000_0000 && (exp_bits == 3 || exp_bits == 4) {
+                return (bits.rotate_left(3) & !0x01) | 0x02;
+            }
+            // +0.0 special case
+            if bits == 0 {
+                return 0x8000_0000_0000_0002;
+            }
+        }
+        // Out-of-flonum-range or flonum disabled: heap allocate
+        unsafe { crate::rb_float_new(val) }
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    unsafe fn rhash_size(&self, obj: VALUE) -> usize {
+        // Ruby 3.2 RHash layout (pre-3.3):
+        //   struct RHash { RBasic basic; union { st_table *st; ar_table *ar; } as; VALUE ifnone; };
+        //
+        // AR mode (RUBY_FL_USER3 not set): size is packed in
+        //   RBasic.flags bits [USER4..USER7] >> 16 (= FL_USHIFT+4).
+        // ST mode (RUBY_FL_USER3 set): dereference the st_table pointer in
+        //   RHash.as and read st_table.num_entries directly.
+        //
+        // SAFETY: caller guarantees obj is a valid T_HASH VALUE.
+        #[repr(C)]
+        struct RHashPre33 {
+            basic: crate::RBasic,
+            st: *mut crate::st_table, // union { st_table *st; ar_table *ar; } — same size
+            ifnone: VALUE,
+        }
+
+        let rhash = obj as *const RHashPre33;
+        let flags = (*rhash).basic.flags;
+
+        // RHASH_ST_TABLE_FLAG = FL_USER3 = 32768
+        let st_flag = crate::ruby_fl_type::RUBY_FL_USER3 as VALUE;
+        if (flags & st_flag) == 0 {
+            // AR mode: size encoded in bits [USER4..USER7].
+            // RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_MASK = FL_USER4|FL_USER5|FL_USER6|FL_USER7 = 0x000F_0000
+            // RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_SHIFT = FL_USHIFT + 4 = 12 + 4 = 16
+            let mask: VALUE = (crate::ruby_fl_type::RUBY_FL_USER4 as VALUE)
+                | (crate::ruby_fl_type::RUBY_FL_USER5 as VALUE)
+                | (crate::ruby_fl_type::RUBY_FL_USER6 as VALUE)
+                | (crate::ruby_fl_type::RUBY_FL_USER7 as VALUE);
+            // RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_SHIFT = FL_USHIFT + 4 = 12 + 4 = 16 (stable across all Ruby versions)
+            let shift = 16u32;
+            ((flags & mask) >> shift) as usize
+        } else {
+            // ST mode: dereference the st_table pointer and read num_entries.
+            // SAFETY: the st pointer is valid when RHASH_ST_TABLE_FLAG is set.
+            let st = (*rhash).st;
+            (*st).num_entries as usize
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    unsafe fn rhash_empty_p(&self, obj: VALUE) -> bool {
+        self.rhash_size(obj) == 0
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn encoding_get(&self, obj: VALUE) -> std::os::raw::c_int {
+        // Fast path: encoding index is stored inline in the flags when
+        // < RUBY_ENCODING_INLINE_MAX (0x7f). Only fall back to the libruby
+        // function for out-of-line encodings (rare in practice).
+        // Matches CRuby's `ENCODING_GET` inline function semantics.
+        let rbasic = obj as *const crate::RBasic;
+        let flags = (*rbasic).flags;
+        let shift = crate::ruby_encoding_consts::RUBY_ENCODING_SHIFT as u32;
+        let inline_max =
+            crate::ruby_encoding_consts::RUBY_ENCODING_INLINE_MAX as std::os::raw::c_int;
+        let mask = crate::ruby_encoding_consts::RUBY_ENCODING_MASK as VALUE;
+        let inline_idx = ((flags & mask) >> shift) as std::os::raw::c_int;
+        if inline_idx == inline_max {
+            crate::rb_enc_get_index(obj)
+        } else {
+            inline_idx
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// RFloat layout is stable across all MRI versions: RBasic (flags+klass) followed by float_value.
+#[cfg(not(target_pointer_width = "32"))]
+#[repr(C)]
+struct RFloat {
+    basic: crate::RBasic,
+    float_value: std::os::raw::c_double,
+}
+
+// SAFETY: RBignum layout is stable across MRI 2.7–master on 64-bit.
+// On 64-bit: BDIGIT = u32, BDIGIT_DBL = u64, BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX = 2.
+// RBasic is 16 bytes (flags + klass), union as_ starts at offset 16.
+// Embedded digits: as.ary[0..len] are u32 stored at offset 16..24.
+// Heap: as.heap.len (usize, offset 16) + as.heap.digits (*u32, offset 24).
+//
+// Flag constants (from ruby_fl_type):
+//   RUBY_FL_USER1 = 8192  = 0x2000  → BIGNUM sign (set = positive)
+//   RUBY_FL_USER2 = 16384 = 0x4000  → BIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG (set = embedded)
+//   RUBY_FL_USER3 = 32768 = 0x8000  \
+//   RUBY_FL_USER4 = 65536 = 0x1_0000  > BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MASK (3-bit digit count)
+//   RUBY_FL_USER5 = 131072= 0x2_0000  /
+//   BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT = RUBY_FL_USHIFT + 3 = 12 + 3 = 15
+#[cfg(all(target_pointer_width = "64", not(target_os = "windows")))]
+#[repr(C)]
+struct RBignum {
+    basic: crate::RBasic,
+    as_: RBignumAs,
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(target_pointer_width = "64", not(target_os = "windows")))]
+#[repr(C)]
+union RBignumAs {
+    heap: RBignumHeap,
+    // BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX = sizeof(u64)/sizeof(u32) = 2 on 64-bit
+    ary: [u32; 2],
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(target_pointer_width = "64", not(target_os = "windows")))]
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+struct RBignumHeap {
+    len: usize,
+    digits: *const u32,
+}
+
+/// Fast path: read BDIGIT digits directly from RBignum to convert to i64 (c_long).
+/// Returns None if the value overflows i64 or if digits > 2 (heap bignum).
+/// Falls back to crate::rb_num2long which raises RangeError for overflow.
+#[cfg(all(target_pointer_width = "64", not(target_os = "windows")))]
+#[inline]
+unsafe fn bignum_to_long_fast(obj: VALUE) -> Option<std::os::raw::c_long> {
+    let rb = obj as *const RBignum;
+    let flags = (*rb).basic.flags;
+
+    // BIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG = RUBY_FL_USER2 = 16384 = 0x4000
+    let embed_flag: VALUE = 16384;
+    // BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MASK = USER3 | USER4 | USER5 = 32768 | 65536 | 131072 = 229376
+    let embed_len_mask: VALUE = 229376;
+    // BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT = RUBY_FL_USHIFT + 3 = 15
+    let embed_len_shift: u32 = 15;
+    // RUBY_FL_USER1 = 8192: set means positive
+    let sign_flag: VALUE = 8192;
+    let positive = (flags & sign_flag) != 0;
+
+    let (len, digits_ptr) = if (flags & embed_flag) != 0 {
+        // Embedded: digit count stored in flags[17:15], digits in as_.ary
+        let len = ((flags & embed_len_mask) >> embed_len_shift) as usize;
+        let digits = (*rb).as_.ary.as_ptr();
+        (len, digits)
+    } else {
+        // Heap: len in as_.heap.len, digits in as_.heap.digits
+        let len = (*rb).as_.heap.len;
+        let digits = (*rb).as_.heap.digits;
+        (len, digits)
+    };
+
+    match len {
+        0 => Some(0),
+        1 => {
+            // Single BDIGIT (u32): max 0xFFFF_FFFF = 4294967295 < i64::MAX — always fits
+            let d0 = *digits_ptr as u64;
+            if positive {
+                Some(d0 as std::os::raw::c_long)
+            } else {
+                Some(-(d0 as i64) as std::os::raw::c_long)
+            }
+        }
+        2 => {
+            // Two BDIGITs: check if combined value fits in i64
+            let lo = *digits_ptr as u64;
+            let hi = *digits_ptr.add(1) as u64;
+            let val = lo | (hi << 32);
+            if positive {
+                if val > i64::MAX as u64 {
+                    return None; // overflows i64, fall back to rb_num2long
+                }
+                Some(val as std::os::raw::c_long)
+            } else {
+                if val > (i64::MAX as u64) + 1 {
+                    return None; // |val| > i64::MIN, fall back
+                }
+                Some((val as i64).wrapping_neg() as std::os::raw::c_long)
+            }
+        }
+        _ => None, // 3+ digits: doesn't fit in i64
+    }
+}
+
+/// Fast path: read BDIGIT digits directly from RBignum to convert to u64 (c_ulong).
+/// Returns None if the bignum is negative or overflows u64.
+/// Falls back to crate::rb_num2ulong which handles errors.
+#[cfg(all(target_pointer_width = "64", not(target_os = "windows")))]
+#[inline]
+unsafe fn bignum_to_ulong_fast(obj: VALUE) -> Option<std::os::raw::c_ulong> {
+    let rb = obj as *const RBignum;
+    let flags = (*rb).basic.flags;
+
+    let embed_flag: VALUE = 16384;
+    let embed_len_mask: VALUE = 229376;
+    let embed_len_shift: u32 = 15;
+    let sign_flag: VALUE = 8192;
+    let positive = (flags & sign_flag) != 0;
+
+    // For num2ulong, negative bignums are not an error (Ruby's rb_num2ulong wraps them),
+    // so we only fast-path positive values that fit in u64.
+    // Negative bignums with > 2 digits always overflow u64 too, so fall back for all negatives.
+    if !positive {
+        return None; // let rb_num2ulong handle negative bignums (it wraps them)
+    }
+
+    let (len, digits_ptr) = if (flags & embed_flag) != 0 {
+        let len = ((flags & embed_len_mask) >> embed_len_shift) as usize;
+        let digits = (*rb).as_.ary.as_ptr();
+        (len, digits)
+    } else {
+        let len = (*rb).as_.heap.len;
+        let digits = (*rb).as_.heap.digits;
+        (len, digits)
+    };
+
+    match len {
+        0 => Some(0),
+        1 => {
+            let d0 = *digits_ptr as u64;
+            Some(d0 as std::os::raw::c_ulong)
+        }
+        2 => {
+            // Two positive BDIGITs always fit in u64
+            let lo = *digits_ptr as u64;
+            let hi = *digits_ptr.add(1) as u64;
+            Some((lo | (hi << 32)) as std::os::raw::c_ulong)
+        }
+        _ => None, // 3+ digits: may exceed u64, fall back
+    }
+}