cloud-mu 3.1.6 → 3.2.0

data/modules/mu/cloud/server.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# Copyright:: Copyright (c) 2020 eGlobalTech, Inc., all rights reserved
+#
+# Licensed under the BSD-3 license (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License in the root of the project or at
+#
+#     http://egt-labs.com/mu/LICENSE.html
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+module MU
+  # Plugins under this namespace serve as interfaces to cloud providers and
+  # other provisioning layers.
+  class Cloud
+
+    # Generic methods for all Server/ServerPool implementations
+    [:Server, :ServerPool].each { |name|
+      Object.const_get("MU").const_get("Cloud").const_get(name).class_eval {
+
+        def windows?
+          return true if %w{win2k16 win2k12r2 win2k12 win2k8 win2k8r2 win2k19 windows}.include?(@config['platform'])
+          begin
+            return true if cloud_desc.respond_to?(:platform) and cloud_desc.platform == "Windows"
+# XXX ^ that's AWS-speak, doesn't cover GCP or anything else; maybe we should require cloud layers to implement this so we can just call @cloudobj.windows?
+          rescue MU::MuError
+            return false
+          end
+          false
+        end
+
+      }
+    }
+
+  end
+
+end

data/modules/mu/cloud/server_pool.rb

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+modules/mu/cloud/server.rb

data/modules/mu/cloud/ssh_sessions.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+# Copyright:: Copyright (c) 2020 eGlobalTech, Inc., all rights reserved
+#
+# Licensed under the BSD-3 license (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License in the root of the project or at
+#
+#     http://egt-labs.com/mu/LICENSE.html
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+module MU
+  # Plugins under this namespace serve as interfaces to cloud providers and
+  # other provisioning layers.
+  class Cloud
+
+    # An exception we can use with transient Net::SSH errors, which require
+    # special handling due to obnoxious asynchronous interrupt behaviors.
+    class NetSSHFail < MuNonFatal;
+    end
+
+    # Net::SSH exceptions seem to have their own behavior vis a vis threads,
+    # and our regular call stack gets circumvented when they're thrown. Cheat
+    # here to catch them gracefully.
+    def self.handleNetSSHExceptions
+      Thread.handle_interrupt(Net::SSH::Exception => :never) {
+        begin
+          Thread.handle_interrupt(Net::SSH::Exception => :immediate) {
+            MU.log "(Probably harmless) Caught a Net::SSH Exception in #{Thread.current.inspect}", MU::DEBUG, details: Thread.current.backtrace
+          }
+        ensure
+#          raise NetSSHFail, "Net::SSH had a nutty"
+        end
+      }
+    end
+
+    [:Server, :ServerPool].each { |name|
+      Object.const_get("MU").const_get("Cloud").const_get(name).class_eval {
+
+        # Basic setup tasks performed on a new node during its first initial
+        # ssh connection. Most of this is terrible Windows glue.
+        # @param ssh [Net::SSH::Connection::Session]: The active SSH session to the new node.
+        def initialSSHTasks(ssh)
+          win_env_fix = %q{echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/cygdrive/c/opscode/chef/embedded/bin"' > "$HOME/chef-client"; echo 'prev_dir="`pwd`"; for __dir in /proc/registry/HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Control/Session\ Manager/Environment;do cd "$__dir"; for __var in `ls * | grep -v TEMP | grep -v TMP`;do __var=`echo $__var | tr "[a-z]" "[A-Z]"`; test -z "${!__var}" && export $__var="`cat $__var`" >/dev/null 2>&1; done; done; cd "$prev_dir"; /cygdrive/c/opscode/chef/bin/chef-client.bat $@' >> "$HOME/chef-client"; chmod 700 "$HOME/chef-client"; ( grep "^alias chef-client=" "$HOME/.bashrc" || echo 'alias chef-client="$HOME/chef-client"' >> "$HOME/.bashrc" ) ; ( grep "^alias mu-groom=" "$HOME/.bashrc" || echo 'alias mu-groom="powershell -File \"c:/Program Files/Amazon/Ec2ConfigService/Scripts/UserScript.ps1\""' >> "$HOME/.bashrc" )}
+          win_installer_check = %q{ls /proc/registry/HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/Microsoft/Windows/CurrentVersion/Installer/}
+          lnx_installer_check = %q{ps auxww | awk '{print $11}' | egrep '(/usr/bin/yum|apt-get|dpkg)'}
+          lnx_updates_check = %q{( test -f /.mu-installer-ran-updates || ! test -d /var/lib/cloud/instance ) || echo "userdata still running"}
+          win_set_pw = nil
+
+          if windows? and !@config['use_cloud_provider_windows_password']
+            # This covers both the case where we have a windows password passed from a vault and where we need to use a a random Windows Admin password generated by MU::Cloud::Server.generateWindowsPassword
+            pw = @groomer.getSecret(
+              vault: @config['mu_name'],
+              item: "windows_credentials",
+              field: "password"
+            )
+            win_check_for_pw = %Q{powershell -Command '& {Add-Type -AssemblyName System.DirectoryServices.AccountManagement; $Creds = (New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential("#{@config["windows_admin_username"]}", (ConvertTo-SecureString "#{pw}" -AsPlainText -Force)));$DS = New-Object System.DirectoryServices.AccountManagement.PrincipalContext([System.DirectoryServices.AccountManagement.ContextType]::Machine); $DS.ValidateCredentials($Creds.GetNetworkCredential().UserName, $Creds.GetNetworkCredential().password); echo $Result}'}
+            win_set_pw = %Q{powershell -Command "& {(([adsi]('WinNT://./#{@config["windows_admin_username"]}, user')).psbase.invoke('SetPassword', '#{pw}'))}"}
+          end
+
+          # There shouldn't be a use case where a domain joined computer goes through initialSSHTasks. Removing Active Directory specific computer rename.
+          set_hostname = true
+          hostname = nil
+          if !@config['active_directory'].nil?
+            if @config['active_directory']['node_type'] == "domain_controller" && @config['active_directory']['domain_controller_hostname']
+              hostname = @config['active_directory']['domain_controller_hostname']
+              @mu_windows_name = hostname
+              set_hostname = true
+            else
+              # Do we have an AD specific hostname?
+              hostname = @mu_windows_name
+              set_hostname = true
+            end
+          else
+            hostname = @mu_windows_name
+          end
+          win_check_for_hostname = %Q{powershell -Command '& {hostname}'}
+          win_set_hostname = %Q{powershell -Command "& {Rename-Computer -NewName '#{hostname}' -Force -PassThru -Restart; Restart-Computer -Force }"}
+
+          begin
+            # Set our admin password first, if we need to
+            if windows? and !win_set_pw.nil? and !win_check_for_pw.nil?
+              output = ssh.exec!(win_check_for_pw)
+              raise MU::Cloud::BootstrapTempFail, "Got nil output from ssh session, waiting and retrying" if output.nil?
+              if !output.match(/True/)
+                MU.log "Setting Windows password for user #{@config['windows_admin_username']}", details: ssh.exec!(win_set_pw)
+              end
+            end
+            if windows?
+              output = ssh.exec!(win_env_fix)
+              output += ssh.exec!(win_installer_check)
+              raise MU::Cloud::BootstrapTempFail, "Got nil output from ssh session, waiting and retrying" if output.nil?
+              if output.match(/InProgress/)
+                raise MU::Cloud::BootstrapTempFail, "Windows Installer service is still doing something, need to wait"
+              end
+              if set_hostname and !@hostname_set and @mu_windows_name
+                output = ssh.exec!(win_check_for_hostname)
+                raise MU::Cloud::BootstrapTempFail, "Got nil output from ssh session, waiting and retrying" if output.nil?
+                if !output.match(/#{@mu_windows_name}/)
+                  MU.log "Setting Windows hostname to #{@mu_windows_name}", details: ssh.exec!(win_set_hostname)
+                  @hostname_set = true
+                  # Reboot from the API too, in case Windows is flailing
+                  if !@cloudobj.nil?
+                    @cloudobj.reboot
+                  else
+                    reboot
+                  end
+                  raise MU::Cloud::BootstrapTempFail, "Set hostname in Windows, waiting for reboot"
+                end
+              end
+            else
+              output = ssh.exec!(lnx_installer_check)
+              if !output.nil? and !output.empty?
+                raise MU::Cloud::BootstrapTempFail, "Linux package manager is still doing something, need to wait (#{output})"
+              end
+              if !@config['skipinitialupdates'] and
+                 !@config['scrub_mu_isms'] and
+                 !@config['userdata_script']
+                output = ssh.exec!(lnx_updates_check)
+                if !output.nil? and output.match(/userdata still running/)
+                  raise MU::Cloud::BootstrapTempFail, "Waiting for initial userdata system updates to complete"
+                end
+              end
+            end
+          rescue RuntimeError => e
+            raise MU::Cloud::BootstrapTempFail, "Got #{e.inspect} performing initial SSH connect tasks, will try again"
+          end
+
+        end
+
+        # @param max_retries [Integer]: Number of connection attempts to make before giving up
+        # @param retry_interval [Integer]: Number of seconds to wait between connection attempts
+        # @return [Net::SSH::Connection::Session]
+        def getSSHSession(max_retries = 12, retry_interval = 30)
+          ssh_keydir = Etc.getpwnam(@deploy.mu_user).dir+"/.ssh"
+          nat_ssh_key, nat_ssh_user, nat_ssh_host, canonical_ip, ssh_user, _ssh_key_name = getSSHConfig
+          session = nil
+          retries = 0
+
+          # XXX WHY is this a thing
+          Thread.handle_interrupt(Errno::ECONNREFUSED => :never) {
+          }
+
+          begin
+            MU::Cloud.handleNetSSHExceptions
+            if !nat_ssh_host.nil?
+              proxy_cmd = "ssh -q -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -W %h:%p #{nat_ssh_user}@#{nat_ssh_host}"
+              MU.log "Attempting SSH to #{canonical_ip} (#{@mu_name}) as #{ssh_user} with key #{@deploy.ssh_key_name} using proxy '#{proxy_cmd}'" if retries == 0
+              proxy = Net::SSH::Proxy::Command.new(proxy_cmd)
+              session = Net::SSH.start(
+                  canonical_ip,
+                  ssh_user,
+                  :config => false,
+                  :keys_only => true,
+                  :keys => [ssh_keydir+"/"+nat_ssh_key, ssh_keydir+"/"+@deploy.ssh_key_name],
+                  :verify_host_key => false,
+                  #           :verbose => :info,
+                  :host_key => "ssh-rsa",
+                  :port => 22,
+                  :auth_methods => ['publickey'],
+                  :proxy => proxy
+              )
+            else
+
+              MU.log "Attempting SSH to #{canonical_ip} (#{@mu_name}) as #{ssh_user} with key #{ssh_keydir}/#{@deploy.ssh_key_name}" if retries == 0
+              session = Net::SSH.start(
+                  canonical_ip,
+                  ssh_user,
+                  :config => false,
+                  :keys_only => true,
+                  :keys => [ssh_keydir+"/"+@deploy.ssh_key_name],
+                  :verify_host_key => false,
+                  #           :verbose => :info,
+                  :host_key => "ssh-rsa",
+                  :port => 22,
+                  :auth_methods => ['publickey']
+              )
+            end
+            retries = 0
+          rescue Net::SSH::HostKeyMismatch => e
+            MU.log("Remembering new key: #{e.fingerprint}")
+            e.remember_host!
+            session.close
+            retry
+#            rescue SystemCallError, Timeout::Error, Errno::ECONNRESET, Errno::EHOSTUNREACH, Net::SSH::Proxy::ConnectError, SocketError, Net::SSH::Disconnect, Net::SSH::AuthenticationFailed, IOError, Net::SSH::ConnectionTimeout, Net::SSH::Proxy::ConnectError, MU::Cloud::NetSSHFail => e
+          rescue SystemExit, Timeout::Error, Net::SSH::AuthenticationFailed, Net::SSH::Disconnect, Net::SSH::ConnectionTimeout, Net::SSH::Proxy::ConnectError, Net::SSH::Exception, Errno::ECONNRESET, Errno::EHOSTUNREACH, Errno::ECONNREFUSED, Errno::EPIPE, SocketError, IOError => e
+            begin
+              session.close if !session.nil?
+            rescue Net::SSH::Disconnect, IOError => e
+              if windows?
+                MU.log "Windows has probably closed the ssh session before we could. Waiting before trying again", MU::NOTICE
+              else
+                MU.log "ssh session was closed unexpectedly, waiting before trying again", MU::NOTICE
+              end
+              sleep 10
+            end
+
+            if retries < max_retries
+              retries = retries + 1
+              msg = "ssh #{ssh_user}@#{@mu_name}: #{e.message}, waiting #{retry_interval}s (attempt #{retries}/#{max_retries})"
+              if retries == 1 or (retries/max_retries <= 0.5 and (retries % 3) == 0)
+                MU.log msg, MU::NOTICE
+                if !MU::Cloud.resourceClass(@cloud, "VPC").haveRouteToInstance?(cloud_desc, credentials: @credentials) and
+                   canonical_ip.match(/(^127\.)|(^192\.168\.)|(^10\.)|(^172\.1[6-9]\.)|(^172\.2[0-9]\.)|(^172\.3[0-1]\.)|(^::1$)|(^[fF][cCdD])/) and
+                   !nat_ssh_host
+                  MU.log "Node #{@mu_name} at #{canonical_ip} looks like it's in a private address space, and I don't appear to have a direct route to it. It may not be possible to connect with this routing!", MU::WARN
+                end
+              elsif retries/max_retries > 0.5
+                MU.log msg, MU::WARN, details: e.inspect
+              end
+              sleep retry_interval
+              retry
+            else
+              raise MuError, "#{@mu_name}: #{e.inspect} trying to connect with SSH, max_retries exceeded", e.backtrace
+            end
+          end
+          return session
+        end
+      }
+
+    }
+
+  end
+
+end

data/modules/mu/cloud/winrm_sessions.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+# Copyright:: Copyright (c) 2020 eGlobalTech, Inc., all rights reserved
+#
+# Licensed under the BSD-3 license (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License in the root of the project or at
+#
+#     http://egt-labs.com/mu/LICENSE.html
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+autoload :WinRM, "winrm"
+
+module MU
+  # Plugins under this namespace serve as interfaces to cloud providers and
+  # other provisioning layers.
+  class Cloud
+
+    [:Server, :ServerPool].each { |name|
+      Object.const_get("MU").const_get("Cloud").const_get(name).class_eval {
+
+        # Gracefully message and attempt to accommodate the common transient errors peculiar to Windows nodes
+        # @param e [Exception]: The exception that we're handling
+        # @param retries [Integer]: The current number of retries, which we'll increment and pass back to the caller
+        # @param rebootable_fails [Integer]: The current number of reboot-worthy failures, which we'll increment and pass back to the caller
+        # @param max_retries [Integer]: Maximum number of retries to attempt; we'll raise an exception if this is exceeded
+        # @param reboot_on_problems [Boolean]: Whether we should try to reboot a "stuck" machine
+        # @param retry_interval [Integer]: How many seconds to wait before returning for another attempt
+        def handleWindowsFail(e, retries, rebootable_fails, max_retries: 30, reboot_on_problems: false, retry_interval: 45)
+          msg = "WinRM connection to https://"+@mu_name+":5986/wsman: #{e.message}, waiting #{retry_interval}s (attempt #{retries}/#{max_retries})"
+          if e.class.name == "WinRM::WinRMAuthorizationError" or e.message.match(/execution expired/) and reboot_on_problems
+            if rebootable_fails > 0 and (rebootable_fails % 7) == 0
+              MU.log "#{@mu_name} still misbehaving, forcing Stop and Start from API", MU::WARN
+              reboot(true) # vicious API stop/start
+              sleep retry_interval*3
+              rebootable_fails = 0
+            else
+              if rebootable_fails == 5
+                MU.log "#{@mu_name} misbehaving, attempting to reboot from API", MU::WARN
+                reboot # graceful API restart
+                sleep retry_interval*2
+              end
+              rebootable_fails = rebootable_fails + 1
+            end
+          end
+          if retries < max_retries
+            if retries == 1 or (retries/max_retries <= 0.5 and (retries % 3) == 0 and retries != 0)
+              MU.log msg, MU::NOTICE
+            elsif retries/max_retries > 0.5
+              MU.log msg, MU::WARN, details: e.inspect
+            end
+            sleep retry_interval
+            retries = retries + 1
+          else
+            raise MuError, "#{@mu_name}: #{e.inspect} trying to connect with WinRM, max_retries exceeded", e.backtrace
+          end
+          return [retries, rebootable_fails]
+        end
+
+        def windowsRebootPending?(shell = nil)
+          if shell.nil?
+            shell = getWinRMSession(1, 30)
+          end
+#              if (Get-Item "HKLM:/SOFTWARE/Microsoft/Windows/CurrentVersion/WindowsUpdate/Auto Update/RebootRequired" -EA Ignore) { exit 1 }
+          cmd = %Q{
+            if (Get-ChildItem "HKLM:/Software/Microsoft/Windows/CurrentVersion/Component Based Servicing/RebootPending" -EA Ignore) {
+              echo "Component Based Servicing/RebootPending is true"
+              exit 1
+            }
+            if (Get-ItemProperty "HKLM:/SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Control/Session Manager" -Name PendingFileRenameOperations -EA Ignore) {
+              echo "Control/Session Manager/PendingFileRenameOperations is true"
+              exit 1
+            }
+            try { 
+              $util = [wmiclass]"\\\\.\\root\\ccm\\clientsdk:CCM_ClientUtilities"
+              $status = $util.DetermineIfRebootPending()
+              if(($status -ne $null) -and $status.RebootPending){
+                echo "WMI says RebootPending is true"
+                exit 1
+              }
+            } catch {
+              exit 0
+            }
+            exit 0
+          }
+          resp = shell.run(cmd)
+          returnval = resp.exitcode == 0 ? false : true
+          shell.close
+          returnval
+        end
+
+        # Basic setup tasks performed on a new node during its first WinRM 
+        # connection. Most of this is terrible Windows glue.
+        # @param shell [WinRM::Shells::Powershell]: An active Powershell session to the new node.
+        def initialWinRMTasks(shell)
+          retries = 0
+          rebootable_fails = 0
+          begin
+            if !@config['use_cloud_provider_windows_password']
+              pw = @groomer.getSecret(
+                vault: @config['mu_name'],
+                item: "windows_credentials",
+                field: "password"
+              )
+              win_check_for_pw = %Q{Add-Type -AssemblyName System.DirectoryServices.AccountManagement; $Creds = (New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential("#{@config["windows_admin_username"]}", (ConvertTo-SecureString "#{pw}" -AsPlainText -Force)));$DS = New-Object System.DirectoryServices.AccountManagement.PrincipalContext([System.DirectoryServices.AccountManagement.ContextType]::Machine); $DS.ValidateCredentials($Creds.GetNetworkCredential().UserName, $Creds.GetNetworkCredential().password); echo $Result}
+              resp = shell.run(win_check_for_pw)
+              if resp.stdout.chomp != "True"
+                win_set_pw = %Q{(([adsi]('WinNT://./#{@config["windows_admin_username"]}, user')).psbase.invoke('SetPassword', '#{pw}'))}
+                resp = shell.run(win_set_pw)
+                puts resp.stdout
+                MU.log "Resetting Windows host password", MU::NOTICE, details: resp.stdout
+              end
+            end
+
+            # Install Cygwin here, because for some reason it breaks inside Chef
+            # XXX would love to not do this here
+            pkgs = ["bash", "mintty", "vim", "curl", "openssl", "wget", "lynx", "openssh"]
+            admin_home = "c:/bin/cygwin/home/#{@config["windows_admin_username"]}"
+            install_cygwin = %Q{
+              If (!(Test-Path "c:/bin/cygwin/Cygwin.bat")){
+                $WebClient = New-Object System.Net.WebClient
+                $WebClient.DownloadFile("http://cygwin.com/setup-x86_64.exe","$env:Temp/setup-x86_64.exe")
+                Start-Process -wait -FilePath $env:Temp/setup-x86_64.exe -ArgumentList "-q -n -l $env:Temp/cygwin -R c:/bin/cygwin -s http://mirror.cs.vt.edu/pub/cygwin/cygwin/ -P #{pkgs.join(',')}"
+              }
+              if(!(Test-Path #{admin_home})){
+                New-Item -type directory -path #{admin_home}
+              }
+              if(!(Test-Path #{admin_home}/.ssh)){
+                New-Item -type directory -path #{admin_home}/.ssh
+              }
+              if(!(Test-Path #{admin_home}/.ssh/authorized_keys)){
+                New-Item #{admin_home}/.ssh/authorized_keys -type file -force -value "#{@deploy.ssh_public_key}"
+              }
+            }
+            resp = shell.run(install_cygwin)
+            if resp.exitcode != 0
+              MU.log "Failed at installing Cygwin", MU::ERR, details: resp
+            end
+
+            hostname = nil
+            if !@config['active_directory'].nil?
+              if @config['active_directory']['node_type'] == "domain_controller" && @config['active_directory']['domain_controller_hostname']
+                hostname = @config['active_directory']['domain_controller_hostname']
+                @mu_windows_name = hostname
+              else
+                # Do we have an AD specific hostname?
+                hostname = @mu_windows_name
+              end
+            else
+              hostname = @mu_windows_name
+            end
+            resp = shell.run(%Q{hostname})
+
+            if resp.stdout.chomp != hostname
+              resp = shell.run(%Q{Rename-Computer -NewName '#{hostname}' -Force -PassThru -Restart; Restart-Computer -Force})
+              MU.log "Renaming Windows host to #{hostname}; this will trigger a reboot", MU::NOTICE, details: resp.stdout
+              reboot(true)
+              sleep 30
+            end
+          rescue WinRM::WinRMError, HTTPClient::ConnectTimeoutError => e
+            retries, rebootable_fails = handleWindowsFail(e, retries, rebootable_fails, max_retries: 10, reboot_on_problems: true, retry_interval: 30)
+            retry
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Get a privileged Powershell session on the server in question, using SSL-encrypted WinRM with certificate authentication.
+        # @param max_retries [Integer]:
+        # @param retry_interval [Integer]:
+        # @param timeout [Integer]:
+        # @param winrm_retries [Integer]:
+        # @param reboot_on_problems [Boolean]:
+        def getWinRMSession(max_retries = 40, retry_interval = 60, timeout: 30, winrm_retries: 2, reboot_on_problems: false)
+          _nat_ssh_key, _nat_ssh_user, _nat_ssh_host, canonical_ip, _ssh_user, _ssh_key_name = getSSHConfig
+          @mu_name ||= @config['mu_name']
+
+          shell = nil
+          opts = nil
+          # and now, a thing I really don't want to do
+          MU::Master.addInstanceToEtcHosts(canonical_ip, @mu_name)
+
+          # catch exceptions that circumvent our regular call stack
+          Thread.abort_on_exception = false
+          Thread.handle_interrupt(WinRM::WinRMWSManFault => :never) {
+            begin
+              Thread.handle_interrupt(WinRM::WinRMWSManFault => :immediate) {
+                MU.log "(Probably harmless) Caught a WinRM::WinRMWSManFault in #{Thread.current.inspect}", MU::DEBUG, details: Thread.current.backtrace
+              }
+            ensure
+              # Reraise something useful
+            end
+          }
+
+          retries = 0
+          rebootable_fails = 0
+          begin
+            loglevel = retries > 4 ? MU::NOTICE : MU::DEBUG
+            MU.log "Calling WinRM on #{@mu_name}", loglevel, details: opts
+            opts = {
+              retry_limit: winrm_retries,
+              no_ssl_peer_verification: true, # XXX this should not be necessary; we get 'hostname "foo" does not match the server certificate' even when it clearly does match
+              ca_trust_path: "#{MU.mySSLDir}/Mu_CA.pem",
+              transport: :ssl,
+              operation_timeout: timeout,
+            }
+            if retries % 2 == 0 # NTLM password over https
+              opts[:endpoint] = 'https://'+canonical_ip+':5986/wsman'
+              opts[:user] = @config['windows_admin_username']
+              opts[:password] = getWindowsAdminPassword
+            else # certificate auth over https
+              opts[:endpoint] = 'https://'+@mu_name+':5986/wsman'
+              opts[:client_cert] = "#{MU.mySSLDir}/#{@mu_name}-winrm.crt"
+              opts[:client_key] = "#{MU.mySSLDir}/#{@mu_name}-winrm.key"
+            end
+            conn = WinRM::Connection.new(opts)
+            conn.logger.level = :debug if retries > 2
+            MU.log "WinRM connection to #{@mu_name} created", MU::DEBUG, details: conn
+            shell = conn.shell(:powershell)
+            shell.run('ipconfig') # verify that we can do something
+          rescue Errno::EHOSTUNREACH, Errno::ECONNREFUSED, HTTPClient::ConnectTimeoutError, OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError, SocketError, WinRM::WinRMError, Timeout::Error => e
+            retries, rebootable_fails = handleWindowsFail(e, retries, rebootable_fails, max_retries: max_retries, reboot_on_problems: reboot_on_problems, retry_interval: retry_interval)
+            retry
+          ensure
+            MU::Master.removeInstanceFromEtcHosts(@mu_name)
+          end
+
+          shell
+        end
+
+      }
+    }
+
+  end
+
+end