cipherstash-pg 1.0.0.beta.1-arm64-darwin-22 → 1.0.0.beta.4-arm64-darwin-22

data/lib/pg/connection.rb

@@ -1,878 +0,0 @@
-# -*- ruby -*-
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-require 'pg' unless defined?( PG )
-require 'uri'
-require 'io/wait'
-require 'socket'
-
-# The PostgreSQL connection class. The interface for this class is based on
-# {libpq}[http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq.html], the C
-# application programmer's interface to PostgreSQL. Some familiarity with libpq
-# is recommended, but not necessary.
-#
-# For example, to send query to the database on the localhost:
-#
-#    require 'pg'
-#    conn = PG::Connection.open(:dbname => 'test')
-#    res = conn.exec_params('SELECT $1 AS a, $2 AS b, $3 AS c', [1, 2, nil])
-#    # Equivalent to:
-#    #  res  = conn.exec('SELECT 1 AS a, 2 AS b, NULL AS c')
-#
-# See the PG::Result class for information on working with the results of a query.
-#
-# Many methods of this class have three variants kind of:
-# 1. #exec - the base method which is an alias to #async_exec .
-#    This is the method that should be used in general.
-# 2. #async_exec - the async aware version of the method, implemented by libpq's async API.
-# 3. #sync_exec - the method version that is implemented by blocking function(s) of libpq.
-#
-# Sync and async version of the method can be switched by Connection.async_api= , however it is not recommended to change the default.
-class PG::Connection
-
-	# The order the options are passed to the ::connect method.
-	CONNECT_ARGUMENT_ORDER = %w[host port options tty dbname user password]
-
-
-	### Quote a single +value+ for use in a connection-parameter string.
-	def self.quote_connstr( value )
-		return "'" + value.to_s.gsub( /[\\']/ ) {|m| '\\' + m } + "'"
-	end
-
-	# Convert Hash options to connection String
-	#
-	# Values are properly quoted and escaped.
-	def self.connect_hash_to_string( hash )
-		hash.map { |k,v| "#{k}=#{quote_connstr(v)}" }.join( ' ' )
-	end
-
-	# Parse the connection +args+ into a connection-parameter string.
-	# See PG::Connection.new for valid arguments.
-	#
-	# It accepts:
-	# * an option String kind of "host=name port=5432"
-	# * an option Hash kind of {host: "name", port: 5432}
-	# * URI string
-	# * URI object
-	# * positional arguments
-	#
-	# The method adds the option "fallback_application_name" if it isn't already set.
-	# It returns a connection string with "key=value" pairs.
-	def self.parse_connect_args( *args )
-		hash_arg = args.last.is_a?( Hash ) ? args.pop.transform_keys(&:to_sym) : {}
-		iopts = {}
-
-		if args.length == 1
-			case args.first
-			when URI, /=/, /:\/\//
-				# Option or URL string style
-				conn_string = args.first.to_s
-				iopts = PG::Connection.conninfo_parse(conn_string).each_with_object({}){|h, o| o[h[:keyword].to_sym] = h[:val] if h[:val] }
-			else
-				# Positional parameters (only host given)
-				iopts[CONNECT_ARGUMENT_ORDER.first.to_sym] = args.first
-			end
-		else
-			# Positional parameters with host and more
-			max = CONNECT_ARGUMENT_ORDER.length
-			raise ArgumentError,
-					"Extra positional parameter %d: %p" % [ max + 1, args[max] ] if args.length > max
-
-			CONNECT_ARGUMENT_ORDER.zip( args ) do |(k,v)|
-				iopts[ k.to_sym ] = v if v
-			end
-			iopts.delete(:tty) # ignore obsolete tty parameter
-		end
-
-		iopts.merge!( hash_arg )
-
-		if !iopts[:fallback_application_name]
-			iopts[:fallback_application_name] = $0.sub( /^(.{30}).{4,}(.{30})$/ ){ $1+"..."+$2 }
-		end
-
-		return connect_hash_to_string(iopts)
-	end
-
-	# Return a String representation of the object suitable for debugging.
-	def inspect
-		str = self.to_s
-		str[-1,0] = if finished?
-			" finished"
-		else
-			stats = []
-			stats << " status=#{ PG.constants.grep(/CONNECTION_/).find{|c| PG.const_get(c) == status} }" if status != CONNECTION_OK
-			stats << " transaction_status=#{ PG.constants.grep(/PQTRANS_/).find{|c| PG.const_get(c) == transaction_status} }" if transaction_status != PG::PQTRANS_IDLE
-			stats << " nonblocking=#{ isnonblocking }" if isnonblocking
-			stats << " pipeline_status=#{ PG.constants.grep(/PQ_PIPELINE_/).find{|c| PG.const_get(c) == pipeline_status} }" if respond_to?(:pipeline_status) && pipeline_status != PG::PQ_PIPELINE_OFF
-			stats << " client_encoding=#{ get_client_encoding }" if get_client_encoding != "UTF8"
-			stats << " type_map_for_results=#{ type_map_for_results.to_s }" unless type_map_for_results.is_a?(PG::TypeMapAllStrings)
-			stats << " type_map_for_queries=#{ type_map_for_queries.to_s }" unless type_map_for_queries.is_a?(PG::TypeMapAllStrings)
-			stats << " encoder_for_put_copy_data=#{ encoder_for_put_copy_data.to_s }" if encoder_for_put_copy_data
-			stats << " decoder_for_get_copy_data=#{ decoder_for_get_copy_data.to_s }" if decoder_for_get_copy_data
-			" host=#{host} port=#{port} user=#{user}#{stats.join}"
-		end
-		return str
-	end
-
-	#  call-seq:
-	#     conn.copy_data( sql [, coder] ) {|sql_result| ... } -> PG::Result
-	#
-	# Execute a copy process for transferring data to or from the server.
-	#
-	# This issues the SQL COPY command via #exec. The response to this
-	# (if there is no error in the command) is a PG::Result object that
-	# is passed to the block, bearing a status code of PGRES_COPY_OUT or
-	# PGRES_COPY_IN (depending on the specified copy direction).
-	# The application should then use #put_copy_data or #get_copy_data
-	# to receive or transmit data rows and should return from the block
-	# when finished.
-	#
-	# #copy_data returns another PG::Result object when the data transfer
-	# is complete. An exception is raised if some problem was encountered,
-	# so it isn't required to make use of any of them.
-	# At this point further SQL commands can be issued via #exec.
-	# (It is not possible to execute other SQL commands using the same
-	# connection while the COPY operation is in progress.)
-	#
-	# This method ensures, that the copy process is properly terminated
-	# in case of client side or server side failures. Therefore, in case
-	# of blocking mode of operation, #copy_data is preferred to raw calls
-	# of #put_copy_data, #get_copy_data and #put_copy_end.
-	#
-	# _coder_ can be a PG::Coder derivation
-	# (typically PG::TextEncoder::CopyRow or PG::TextDecoder::CopyRow).
-	# This enables encoding of data fields given to #put_copy_data
-	# or decoding of fields received by #get_copy_data.
-	#
-	# Example with CSV input format:
-	#   conn.exec "create table my_table (a text,b text,c text,d text)"
-	#   conn.copy_data "COPY my_table FROM STDIN CSV" do
-	#     conn.put_copy_data "some,data,to,copy\n"
-	#     conn.put_copy_data "more,data,to,copy\n"
-	#   end
-	# This creates +my_table+ and inserts two CSV rows.
-	#
-	# The same with text format encoder PG::TextEncoder::CopyRow
-	# and Array input:
-	#   enco = PG::TextEncoder::CopyRow.new
-	#   conn.copy_data "COPY my_table FROM STDIN", enco do
-	#     conn.put_copy_data ['some', 'data', 'to', 'copy']
-	#     conn.put_copy_data ['more', 'data', 'to', 'copy']
-	#   end
-	#
-	# Example with CSV output format:
-	#   conn.copy_data "COPY my_table TO STDOUT CSV" do
-	#     while row=conn.get_copy_data
-	#       p row
-	#     end
-	#   end
-	# This prints all rows of +my_table+ to stdout:
-	#   "some,data,to,copy\n"
-	#   "more,data,to,copy\n"
-	#
-	# The same with text format decoder PG::TextDecoder::CopyRow
-	# and Array output:
-	#   deco = PG::TextDecoder::CopyRow.new
-	#   conn.copy_data "COPY my_table TO STDOUT", deco do
-	#     while row=conn.get_copy_data
-	#       p row
-	#     end
-	#   end
-	# This receives all rows of +my_table+ as ruby array:
-	#   ["some", "data", "to", "copy"]
-	#   ["more", "data", "to", "copy"]
-
-	def copy_data( sql, coder=nil )
-		raise PG::NotInBlockingMode.new("copy_data can not be used in nonblocking mode", connection: self) if nonblocking?
-		res = exec( sql )
-
-		case res.result_status
-		when PGRES_COPY_IN
-			begin
-				if coder
-					old_coder = self.encoder_for_put_copy_data
-					self.encoder_for_put_copy_data = coder
-				end
-				yield res
-			rescue Exception => err
-				errmsg = "%s while copy data: %s" % [ err.class.name, err.message ]
-				put_copy_end( errmsg )
-				get_result
-				raise
-			else
-				put_copy_end
-				get_last_result
-			ensure
-				self.encoder_for_put_copy_data = old_coder if coder
-			end
-
-		when PGRES_COPY_OUT
-			begin
-				if coder
-					old_coder = self.decoder_for_get_copy_data
-					self.decoder_for_get_copy_data = coder
-				end
-				yield res
-			rescue Exception => err
-				cancel
-				begin
-					while get_copy_data
-					end
-				rescue PG::Error
-					# Ignore error in cleanup to avoid losing original exception
-				end
-				while get_result
-				end
-				raise err
-			else
-				res = get_last_result
-				if !res || res.result_status != PGRES_COMMAND_OK
-					while get_copy_data
-					end
-					while get_result
-					end
-					raise PG::NotAllCopyDataRetrieved.new("Not all COPY data retrieved", connection: self)
-				end
-				res
-			ensure
-				self.decoder_for_get_copy_data = old_coder if coder
-			end
-
-		else
-			raise ArgumentError, "SQL command is no COPY statement: #{sql}"
-		end
-	end
-
-	# Backward-compatibility aliases for stuff that's moved into PG.
-	class << self
-		define_method( :isthreadsafe, &PG.method(:isthreadsafe) )
-	end
-
-	#
-	# call-seq:
-	#    conn.transaction { |conn| ... } -> result of the block
-	#
-	# Executes a +BEGIN+ at the start of the block,
-	# and a +COMMIT+ at the end of the block, or
-	# +ROLLBACK+ if any exception occurs.
-	def transaction
-		rollback = false
-		exec "BEGIN"
-		yield(self)
-	rescue Exception
-		rollback = true
-		cancel if transaction_status == PG::PQTRANS_ACTIVE
-		block
-		exec "ROLLBACK"
-		raise
-	ensure
-		exec "COMMIT" unless rollback
-	end
-
-	### Returns an array of Hashes with connection defaults. See ::conndefaults
-	### for details.
-	def conndefaults
-		return self.class.conndefaults
-	end
-
-	### Return the Postgres connection defaults structure as a Hash keyed by option
-	### keyword (as a Symbol).
-	###
-	### See also #conndefaults
-	def self.conndefaults_hash
-		return self.conndefaults.each_with_object({}) do |info, hash|
-			hash[ info[:keyword].to_sym ] = info[:val]
-		end
-	end
-
-	### Returns a Hash with connection defaults. See ::conndefaults_hash
-	### for details.
-	def conndefaults_hash
-		return self.class.conndefaults_hash
-	end
-
-	### Return the Postgres connection info structure as a Hash keyed by option
-	### keyword (as a Symbol).
-	###
-	### See also #conninfo
-	def conninfo_hash
-		return self.conninfo.each_with_object({}) do |info, hash|
-			hash[ info[:keyword].to_sym ] = info[:val]
-		end
-	end
-
-	# Method 'ssl_attribute' was introduced in PostgreSQL 9.5.
-	if self.instance_methods.find{|m| m.to_sym == :ssl_attribute }
-		# call-seq:
-		#   conn.ssl_attributes -> Hash<String,String>
-		#
-		# Returns SSL-related information about the connection as key/value pairs
-		#
-		# The available attributes varies depending on the SSL library being used,
-		# and the type of connection.
-		#
-		# See also #ssl_attribute
-		def ssl_attributes
-			ssl_attribute_names.each.with_object({}) do |n,h|
-				h[n] = ssl_attribute(n)
-			end
-		end
-	end
-
-	# call-seq:
-	#    conn.get_result() -> PG::Result
-	#    conn.get_result() {|pg_result| block }
-	#
-	# Blocks waiting for the next result from a call to
-	# #send_query (or another asynchronous command), and returns
-	# it. Returns +nil+ if no more results are available.
-	#
-	# Note: call this function repeatedly until it returns +nil+, or else
-	# you will not be able to issue further commands.
-	#
-	# If the optional code block is given, it will be passed <i>result</i> as an argument,
-	# and the PG::Result object will  automatically be cleared when the block terminates.
-	# In this instance, <code>conn.exec</code> returns the value of the block.
-	def get_result
-		block
-		sync_get_result
-	end
-	alias async_get_result get_result
-
-	# call-seq:
-	#    conn.get_copy_data( [ nonblock = false [, decoder = nil ]] ) -> Object
-	#
-	# Return one row of data, +nil+
-	# if the copy is done, or +false+ if the call would
-	# block (only possible if _nonblock_ is true).
-	#
-	# If _decoder_ is not set or +nil+, data is returned as binary string.
-	#
-	# If _decoder_ is set to a PG::Coder derivation, the return type depends on this decoder.
-	# PG::TextDecoder::CopyRow decodes the received data fields from one row of PostgreSQL's
-	# COPY text format to an Array of Strings.
-	# Optionally the decoder can type cast the single fields to various Ruby types in one step,
-	# if PG::TextDecoder::CopyRow#type_map is set accordingly.
-	#
-	# See also #copy_data.
-	#
-	def get_copy_data(async=false, decoder=nil)
-		if async
-			return sync_get_copy_data(async, decoder)
-		else
-			while (res=sync_get_copy_data(true, decoder)) == false
-				socket_io.wait_readable
-				consume_input
-			end
-			return res
-		end
-	end
-	alias async_get_copy_data get_copy_data
-
-
-	# In async_api=true mode (default) all send calls run nonblocking.
-	# The difference is that setnonblocking(true) disables automatic handling of would-block cases.
-	# In async_api=false mode all send calls run directly on libpq.
-	# Blocking vs. nonblocking state can be changed in libpq.
-
-	# call-seq:
-	#    conn.setnonblocking(Boolean) -> nil
-	#
-	# Sets the nonblocking status of the connection.
-	# In the blocking state, calls to #send_query
-	# will block until the message is sent to the server,
-	# but will not wait for the query results.
-	# In the nonblocking state, calls to #send_query
-	# will return an error if the socket is not ready for
-	# writing.
-	# Note: This function does not affect #exec, because
-	# that function doesn't return until the server has
-	# processed the query and returned the results.
-	#
-	# Returns +nil+.
-	def setnonblocking(enabled)
-		singleton_class.async_send_api = !enabled
-		self.flush_data = !enabled
-		sync_setnonblocking(true)
-	end
-	alias async_setnonblocking setnonblocking
-
-	# sync/async isnonblocking methods are switched by async_setnonblocking()
-
-	# call-seq:
-	#    conn.isnonblocking() -> Boolean
-	#
-	# Returns the blocking status of the database connection.
-	# Returns +true+ if the connection is set to nonblocking mode and +false+ if blocking.
-	def isnonblocking
-		false
-	end
-	alias async_isnonblocking isnonblocking
-	alias nonblocking? isnonblocking
-
-	# call-seq:
-	#    conn.put_copy_data( buffer [, encoder] ) -> Boolean
-	#
-	# Transmits _buffer_ as copy data to the server.
-	# Returns true if the data was sent, false if it was
-	# not sent (false is only possible if the connection
-	# is in nonblocking mode, and this command would block).
-	#
-	# _encoder_ can be a PG::Coder derivation (typically PG::TextEncoder::CopyRow).
-	# This encodes the data fields given as _buffer_ from an Array of Strings to
-	# PostgreSQL's COPY text format inclusive proper escaping. Optionally
-	# the encoder can type cast the fields from various Ruby types in one step,
-	# if PG::TextEncoder::CopyRow#type_map is set accordingly.
-	#
-	# Raises an exception if an error occurs.
-	#
-	# See also #copy_data.
-	#
-	def put_copy_data(buffer, encoder=nil)
-		# sync_put_copy_data does a non-blocking attept to flush data.
-		until res=sync_put_copy_data(buffer, encoder)
-			# It didn't flush immediately and allocation of more buffering memory failed.
-			# Wait for all data sent by doing a blocking flush.
-			res = flush
-		end
-
-		# And do a blocking flush every 100 calls.
-		# This is to avoid memory bloat, when sending the data is slower than calls to put_copy_data happen.
-		if (@calls_to_put_copy_data += 1) > 100
-			@calls_to_put_copy_data = 0
-			res = flush
-		end
-		res
-	end
-	alias async_put_copy_data put_copy_data
-
-	# call-seq:
-	#    conn.put_copy_end( [ error_message ] ) -> Boolean
-	#
-	# Sends end-of-data indication to the server.
-	#
-	# _error_message_ is an optional parameter, and if set,
-	# forces the COPY command to fail with the string
-	# _error_message_.
-	#
-	# Returns true if the end-of-data was sent, #false* if it was
-	# not sent (*false* is only possible if the connection
-	# is in nonblocking mode, and this command would block).
-	def put_copy_end(*args)
-		until sync_put_copy_end(*args)
-			flush
-		end
-		@calls_to_put_copy_data = 0
-		flush
-	end
-	alias async_put_copy_end put_copy_end
-
-	if method_defined? :sync_encrypt_password
-		# call-seq:
-		#    conn.encrypt_password( password, username, algorithm=nil ) -> String
-		#
-		# This function is intended to be used by client applications that wish to send commands like <tt>ALTER USER joe PASSWORD 'pwd'</tt>.
-		# It is good practice not to send the original cleartext password in such a command, because it might be exposed in command logs, activity displays, and so on.
-		# Instead, use this function to convert the password to encrypted form before it is sent.
-		#
-		# The +password+ and +username+ arguments are the cleartext password, and the SQL name of the user it is for.
-		# +algorithm+ specifies the encryption algorithm to use to encrypt the password.
-		# Currently supported algorithms are +md5+ and +scram-sha-256+ (+on+ and +off+ are also accepted as aliases for +md5+, for compatibility with older server versions).
-		# Note that support for +scram-sha-256+ was introduced in PostgreSQL version 10, and will not work correctly with older server versions.
-		# If algorithm is omitted or +nil+, this function will query the server for the current value of the +password_encryption+ setting.
-		# That can block, and will fail if the current transaction is aborted, or if the connection is busy executing another query.
-		# If you wish to use the default algorithm for the server but want to avoid blocking, query +password_encryption+ yourself before calling #encrypt_password, and pass that value as the algorithm.
-		#
-		# Return value is the encrypted password.
-		# The caller can assume the string doesn't contain any special characters that would require escaping.
-		#
-		# Available since PostgreSQL-10.
-		# See also corresponding {libpq function}[https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-misc.html#LIBPQ-PQENCRYPTPASSWORDCONN].
-		def encrypt_password( password, username, algorithm=nil )
-			algorithm ||= exec("SHOW password_encryption").getvalue(0,0)
-			sync_encrypt_password(password, username, algorithm)
-		end
-		alias async_encrypt_password encrypt_password
-	end
-
-	# call-seq:
-	#   conn.reset()
-	#
-	# Resets the backend connection. This method closes the
-	# backend connection and tries to re-connect.
-	def reset
-		reset_start
-		async_connect_or_reset(:reset_poll)
-		self
-	end
-	alias async_reset reset
-
-	# call-seq:
-	#    conn.cancel() -> String
-	#
-	# Requests cancellation of the command currently being
-	# processed.
-	#
-	# Returns +nil+ on success, or a string containing the
-	# error message if a failure occurs.
-	def cancel
-		be_pid = backend_pid
-		be_key = backend_key
-		cancel_request = [0x10, 1234, 5678, be_pid, be_key].pack("NnnNN")
-
-		if Fiber.respond_to?(:scheduler) && Fiber.scheduler && RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /mingw|mswin/
-			# Ruby's nonblocking IO is not really supported on Windows.
-			# We work around by using threads and explicit calls to wait_readable/wait_writable.
-			cl = Thread.new(socket_io.remote_address) { |ra| ra.connect }.value
-			begin
-				cl.write_nonblock(cancel_request)
-			rescue IO::WaitReadable, Errno::EINTR
-				cl.wait_writable
-				retry
-			end
-			begin
-				cl.read_nonblock(1)
-			rescue IO::WaitReadable, Errno::EINTR
-				cl.wait_readable
-				retry
-			rescue EOFError
-			end
-		elsif RUBY_ENGINE == 'truffleruby'
-			begin
-				cl = socket_io.remote_address.connect
-			rescue NotImplementedError
-				# Workaround for truffleruby < 21.3.0
-				cl2 = Socket.for_fd(socket_io.fileno)
-				cl2.autoclose = false
-				adr = cl2.remote_address
-				if adr.ip?
-					cl = TCPSocket.new(adr.ip_address, adr.ip_port)
-					cl.autoclose = false
-				else
-					cl = UNIXSocket.new(adr.unix_path)
-					cl.autoclose = false
-				end
-			end
-			cl.write(cancel_request)
-			cl.read(1)
-		else
-			cl = socket_io.remote_address.connect
-			# Send CANCEL_REQUEST_CODE and parameters
-			cl.write(cancel_request)
-			# Wait for the postmaster to close the connection, which indicates that it's processed the request.
-			cl.read(1)
-		end
-
-		cl.close
-		nil
-	rescue SystemCallError => err
-		err.to_s
-	end
-	alias async_cancel cancel
-
-	private def async_connect_or_reset(poll_meth)
-		# Track the progress of the connection, waiting for the socket to become readable/writable before polling it
-
-		if (timeo = conninfo_hash[:connect_timeout].to_i) && timeo > 0
-			# Lowest timeout is 2 seconds - like in libpq
-			timeo = [timeo, 2].max
-			host_count = conninfo_hash[:host].to_s.count(",") + 1
-			stop_time = timeo * host_count + Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
-		end
-
-		poll_status = PG::PGRES_POLLING_WRITING
-		until poll_status == PG::PGRES_POLLING_OK ||
-				poll_status == PG::PGRES_POLLING_FAILED
-
-			# Set single timeout to parameter "connect_timeout" but
-			# don't exceed total connection time of number-of-hosts * connect_timeout.
-			timeout = [timeo, stop_time - Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)].min if stop_time
-			event = if !timeout || timeout >= 0
-				# If the socket needs to read, wait 'til it becomes readable to poll again
-				case poll_status
-				when PG::PGRES_POLLING_READING
-					if defined?(IO::READABLE) # ruby-3.0+
-						socket_io.wait(IO::READABLE | IO::PRIORITY, timeout)
-					else
-						IO.select([socket_io], nil, [socket_io], timeout)
-					end
-
-				# ...and the same for when the socket needs to write
-				when PG::PGRES_POLLING_WRITING
-					if defined?(IO::WRITABLE) # ruby-3.0+
-						# Use wait instead of wait_readable, since connection errors are delivered as
-						# exceptional/priority events on Windows.
-						socket_io.wait(IO::WRITABLE | IO::PRIORITY, timeout)
-					else
-						# io#wait on ruby-2.x doesn't wait for priority, so fallback to IO.select
-						IO.select(nil, [socket_io], [socket_io], timeout)
-					end
-				end
-			end
-			# connection to server at "localhost" (127.0.0.1), port 5433 failed: timeout expired (PG::ConnectionBad)
-			# connection to server on socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5433" failed: No such file or directory
-			unless event
-				if self.class.send(:host_is_named_pipe?, host)
-					connhost = "on socket \"#{host}\""
-				elsif respond_to?(:hostaddr)
-					connhost = "at \"#{host}\" (#{hostaddr}), port #{port}"
-				else
-					connhost = "at \"#{host}\", port #{port}"
-				end
-				raise PG::ConnectionBad.new("connection to server #{connhost} failed: timeout expired", connection: self)
-			end
-
-			# Check to see if it's finished or failed yet
-			poll_status = send( poll_meth )
-		end
-
-		unless status == PG::CONNECTION_OK
-			msg = error_message
-			finish
-			raise PG::ConnectionBad.new(msg, connection: self)
-		end
-
-		# Set connection to nonblocking to handle all blocking states in ruby.
-		# That way a fiber scheduler is able to handle IO requests.
-		sync_setnonblocking(true)
-		self.flush_data = true
-		set_default_encoding
-	end
-
-	class << self
-		# call-seq:
-		#    PG::Connection.new -> conn
-		#    PG::Connection.new(connection_hash) -> conn
-		#    PG::Connection.new(connection_string) -> conn
-		#    PG::Connection.new(host, port, options, tty, dbname, user, password) ->  conn
-		#
-		# Create a connection to the specified server.
-		#
-		# +connection_hash+ must be a ruby Hash with connection parameters.
-		# See the {list of valid parameters}[https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-PARAMKEYWORDS] in the PostgreSQL documentation.
-		#
-		# There are two accepted formats for +connection_string+: plain <code>keyword = value</code> strings and URIs.
-		# See the documentation of {connection strings}[https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNSTRING].
-		#
-		# The positional parameter form has the same functionality except that the missing parameters will always take on default values. The parameters are:
-		# [+host+]
-		#   server hostname
-		# [+port+]
-		#   server port number
-		# [+options+]
-		#   backend options
-		# [+tty+]
-		#   (ignored in all versions of PostgreSQL)
-		# [+dbname+]
-		#   connecting database name
-		# [+user+]
-		#   login user name
-		# [+password+]
-		#   login password
-		#
-		# Examples:
-		#
-		#   # Connect using all defaults
-		#   PG::Connection.new
-		#
-		#   # As a Hash
-		#   PG::Connection.new( dbname: 'test', port: 5432 )
-		#
-		#   # As a String
-		#   PG::Connection.new( "dbname=test port=5432" )
-		#
-		#   # As an Array
-		#   PG::Connection.new( nil, 5432, nil, nil, 'test', nil, nil )
-		#
-		#   # As an URI
-		#   PG::Connection.new( "postgresql://user:pass@pgsql.example.com:5432/testdb?sslmode=require" )
-		#
-		# If the Ruby default internal encoding is set (i.e., <code>Encoding.default_internal != nil</code>), the
-		# connection will have its +client_encoding+ set accordingly.
-		#
-		# Raises a PG::Error if the connection fails.
-		def new(*args)
-			conn = connect_to_hosts(*args)
-
-			if block_given?
-				begin
-					return yield conn
-				ensure
-					conn.finish
-				end
-			end
-			conn
-		end
-		alias async_connect new
-		alias connect new
-		alias open new
-		alias setdb new
-		alias setdblogin new
-
-		private def connect_to_hosts(*args)
-			option_string = parse_connect_args(*args)
-			iopts = PG::Connection.conninfo_parse(option_string).each_with_object({}){|h, o| o[h[:keyword].to_sym] = h[:val] if h[:val] }
-			iopts = PG::Connection.conndefaults.each_with_object({}){|h, o| o[h[:keyword].to_sym] = h[:val] if h[:val] }.merge(iopts)
-
-			if iopts[:hostaddr]
-				# hostaddr is provided -> no need to resolve hostnames
-
-			elsif iopts[:host] && !iopts[:host].empty? && PG.library_version >= 100000
-				# Resolve DNS in Ruby to avoid blocking state while connecting.
-				# Multiple comma-separated values are generated, if the hostname resolves to both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
-				# This requires PostgreSQL-10+, so no DNS resolving is done on earlier versions.
-				ihosts = iopts[:host].split(",", -1)
-				iports = iopts[:port].split(",", -1)
-				iports = [nil] if iports.size == 0
-				iports = iports * ihosts.size if iports.size == 1
-				raise PG::ConnectionBad, "could not match #{iports.size} port numbers to #{ihosts.size} hosts" if iports.size != ihosts.size
-
-				dests = ihosts.each_with_index.flat_map do |mhost, idx|
-					unless host_is_named_pipe?(mhost)
-						if Fiber.respond_to?(:scheduler) &&
-									Fiber.scheduler &&
-									RUBY_VERSION < '3.1.'
-
-							# Use a second thread to avoid blocking of the scheduler.
-							# `TCPSocket.gethostbyname` isn't fiber aware before ruby-3.1.
-							hostaddrs = Thread.new{ Addrinfo.getaddrinfo(mhost, nil, nil, :STREAM).map(&:ip_address) rescue [''] }.value
-						else
-							hostaddrs = Addrinfo.getaddrinfo(mhost, nil, nil, :STREAM).map(&:ip_address) rescue ['']
-						end
-					else
-						# No hostname to resolve (UnixSocket)
-						hostaddrs = [nil]
-					end
-					hostaddrs.map { |hostaddr| [hostaddr, mhost, iports[idx]] }
-				end
-				iopts.merge!(
-					hostaddr: dests.map{|d| d[0] }.join(","),
-					host: dests.map{|d| d[1] }.join(","),
-					port: dests.map{|d| d[2] }.join(","))
-			else
-				# No host given
-			end
-			conn = self.connect_start(iopts) or
-										raise(PG::Error, "Unable to create a new connection")
-
-			raise PG::ConnectionBad, conn.error_message if conn.status == PG::CONNECTION_BAD
-
-			conn.send(:async_connect_or_reset, :connect_poll)
-			conn
-		end
-
-		private def host_is_named_pipe?(host_string)
-			host_string.empty? || host_string.start_with?("/") ||  # it's UnixSocket?
-							host_string.start_with?("@") ||  # it's UnixSocket in the abstract namespace?
-							# it's a path on Windows?
-							(RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /mingw|mswin/ && host_string =~ /\A([\/\\]|\w:[\/\\])/)
-		end
-
-		# call-seq:
-		#    PG::Connection.ping(connection_hash)       -> Integer
-		#    PG::Connection.ping(connection_string)     -> Integer
-		#    PG::Connection.ping(host, port, options, tty, dbname, login, password) ->  Integer
-		#
-		# Check server status.
-		#
-		# See PG::Connection.new for a description of the parameters.
-		#
-		# Returns one of:
-		# [+PQPING_OK+]
-		#   server is accepting connections
-		# [+PQPING_REJECT+]
-		#   server is alive but rejecting connections
-		# [+PQPING_NO_RESPONSE+]
-		#   could not establish connection
-		# [+PQPING_NO_ATTEMPT+]
-		#   connection not attempted (bad params)
-		def ping(*args)
-			if Fiber.respond_to?(:scheduler) && Fiber.scheduler
-				# Run PQping in a second thread to avoid blocking of the scheduler.
-				# Unfortunately there's no nonblocking way to run ping.
-				Thread.new { sync_ping(*args) }.value
-			else
-				sync_ping(*args)
-			end
-		end
-		alias async_ping ping
-
-		REDIRECT_CLASS_METHODS = {
-			:new => [:async_connect, :sync_connect],
-			:connect => [:async_connect, :sync_connect],
-			:open => [:async_connect, :sync_connect],
-			:setdb => [:async_connect, :sync_connect],
-			:setdblogin => [:async_connect, :sync_connect],
-			:ping => [:async_ping, :sync_ping],
-		}
-
-		# These methods are affected by PQsetnonblocking
-		REDIRECT_SEND_METHODS = {
-			:isnonblocking => [:async_isnonblocking, :sync_isnonblocking],
-			:nonblocking? => [:async_isnonblocking, :sync_isnonblocking],
-			:put_copy_data => [:async_put_copy_data, :sync_put_copy_data],
-			:put_copy_end => [:async_put_copy_end, :sync_put_copy_end],
-			:flush => [:async_flush, :sync_flush],
-		}
-		REDIRECT_METHODS = {
-			:exec => [:async_exec, :sync_exec],
-			:query => [:async_exec, :sync_exec],
-			:exec_params => [:async_exec_params, :sync_exec_params],
-			:prepare => [:async_prepare, :sync_prepare],
-			:exec_prepared => [:async_exec_prepared, :sync_exec_prepared],
-			:describe_portal => [:async_describe_portal, :sync_describe_portal],
-			:describe_prepared => [:async_describe_prepared, :sync_describe_prepared],
-			:setnonblocking => [:async_setnonblocking, :sync_setnonblocking],
-			:get_result => [:async_get_result, :sync_get_result],
-			:get_last_result => [:async_get_last_result, :sync_get_last_result],
-			:get_copy_data => [:async_get_copy_data, :sync_get_copy_data],
-			:reset => [:async_reset, :sync_reset],
-			:set_client_encoding => [:async_set_client_encoding, :sync_set_client_encoding],
-			:client_encoding= => [:async_set_client_encoding, :sync_set_client_encoding],
-			:cancel => [:async_cancel, :sync_cancel],
-		}
-
-		if PG::Connection.instance_methods.include? :async_encrypt_password
-			REDIRECT_METHODS.merge!({
-				:encrypt_password => [:async_encrypt_password, :sync_encrypt_password],
-			})
-		end
-
-		def async_send_api=(enable)
-			REDIRECT_SEND_METHODS.each do |ali, (async, sync)|
-				undef_method(ali) if method_defined?(ali)
-				alias_method( ali, enable ? async : sync )
-			end
-		end
-
-		# Switch between sync and async libpq API.
-		#
-		#   PG::Connection.async_api = true
-		# this is the default.
-		# It sets an alias from #exec to #async_exec, #reset to #async_reset and so on.
-		#
-		#   PG::Connection.async_api = false
-		# sets an alias from #exec to #sync_exec, #reset to #sync_reset and so on.
-		#
-		# pg-1.1.0+ defaults to libpq's async API for query related blocking methods.
-		# pg-1.3.0+ defaults to libpq's async API for all possibly blocking methods.
-		#
-		# _PLEASE_ _NOTE_: This method is not part of the public API and is for debug and development use only.
-		# Do not use this method in production code.
-		# Any issues with the default setting of <tt>async_api=true</tt> should be reported to the maintainers instead.
-		#
-		def async_api=(enable)
-			self.async_send_api = enable
-			REDIRECT_METHODS.each do |ali, (async, sync)|
-				remove_method(ali) if method_defined?(ali)
-				alias_method( ali, enable ? async : sync )
-			end
-			REDIRECT_CLASS_METHODS.each do |ali, (async, sync)|
-				singleton_class.remove_method(ali) if method_defined?(ali)
-				singleton_class.alias_method(ali, enable ? async : sync )
-			end
-		end
-	end
-
-	self.async_api = true
-end # class PG::Connection