chiropractor 1.0.0

data/vendor/assets/javascripts/chiropractor/accounting.js

@@ -0,0 +1,412 @@
+/*!
+ * accounting.js v0.3.2
+ * Copyright 2011, Joss Crowcroft
+ *
+ * Freely distributable under the MIT license.
+ * Portions of accounting.js are inspired or borrowed from underscore.js
+ *
+ * Full details and documentation:
+ * http://josscrowcroft.github.com/accounting.js/
+ */
+
+(function(root, undefined) {
+
+	/* --- Setup --- */
+
+	// Create the local library object, to be exported or referenced globally later
+	var lib = {};
+
+	// Current version
+	lib.version = '0.3.2';
+
+
+	/* --- Exposed settings --- */
+
+	// The library's settings configuration object. Contains default parameters for
+	// currency and number formatting
+	lib.settings = {
+		currency: {
+			symbol : "$",		// default currency symbol is '$'
+			format : "%s%v",	// controls output: %s = symbol, %v = value (can be object, see docs)
+			decimal : ".",		// decimal point separator
+			thousand : ",",		// thousands separator
+			precision : 2,		// decimal places
+			grouping : 3		// digit grouping (not implemented yet)
+		},
+		number: {
+			precision : 0,		// default precision on numbers is 0
+			grouping : 3,		// digit grouping (not implemented yet)
+			thousand : ",",
+			decimal : "."
+		}
+	};
+
+
+	/* --- Internal Helper Methods --- */
+
+	// Store reference to possibly-available ECMAScript 5 methods for later
+	var nativeMap = Array.prototype.map,
+		nativeIsArray = Array.isArray,
+		toString = Object.prototype.toString;
+
+	/**
+	 * Tests whether supplied parameter is a string
+	 * from underscore.js
+	 */
+	function isString(obj) {
+		return !!(obj === '' || (obj && obj.charCodeAt && obj.substr));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Tests whether supplied parameter is a string
+	 * from underscore.js, delegates to ECMA5's native Array.isArray
+	 */
+	function isArray(obj) {
+		return nativeIsArray ? nativeIsArray(obj) : toString.call(obj) === '[object Array]';
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Tests whether supplied parameter is a true object
+	 */
+	function isObject(obj) {
+		return obj && toString.call(obj) === '[object Object]';
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Extends an object with a defaults object, similar to underscore's _.defaults
+	 *
+	 * Used for abstracting parameter handling from API methods
+	 */
+	function defaults(object, defs) {
+		var key;
+		object = object || {};
+		defs = defs || {};
+		// Iterate over object non-prototype properties:
+		for (key in defs) {
+			if (defs.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+				// Replace values with defaults only if undefined (allow empty/zero values):
+				if (object[key] == null) object[key] = defs[key];
+			}
+		}
+		return object;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Implementation of `Array.map()` for iteration loops
+	 *
+	 * Returns a new Array as a result of calling `iterator` on each array value.
+	 * Defers to native Array.map if available
+	 */
+	function map(obj, iterator, context) {
+		var results = [], i, j;
+
+		if (!obj) return results;
+
+		// Use native .map method if it exists:
+		if (nativeMap && obj.map === nativeMap) return obj.map(iterator, context);
+
+		// Fallback for native .map:
+		for (i = 0, j = obj.length; i < j; i++ ) {
+			results[i] = iterator.call(context, obj[i], i, obj);
+		}
+		return results;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Check and normalise the value of precision (must be positive integer)
+	 */
+	function checkPrecision(val, base) {
+		val = Math.round(Math.abs(val));
+		return isNaN(val)? base : val;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Parses a format string or object and returns format obj for use in rendering
+	 *
+	 * `format` is either a string with the default (positive) format, or object
+	 * containing `pos` (required), `neg` and `zero` values (or a function returning
+	 * either a string or object)
+	 *
+	 * Either string or format.pos must contain "%v" (value) to be valid
+	 */
+	function checkCurrencyFormat(format) {
+		var defaults = lib.settings.currency.format;
+
+		// Allow function as format parameter (should return string or object):
+		if ( typeof format === "function" ) format = format();
+
+		// Format can be a string, in which case `value` ("%v") must be present:
+		if ( isString( format ) && format.match("%v") ) {
+
+			// Create and return positive, negative and zero formats:
+			return {
+				pos : format,
+				neg : format.replace("-", "").replace("%v", "-%v"),
+				zero : format
+			};
+
+		// If no format, or object is missing valid positive value, use defaults:
+		} else if ( !format || !format.pos || !format.pos.match("%v") ) {
+
+			// If defaults is a string, casts it to an object for faster checking next time:
+			return ( !isString( defaults ) ) ? defaults : lib.settings.currency.format = {
+				pos : defaults,
+				neg : defaults.replace("%v", "-%v"),
+				zero : defaults
+			};
+
+		}
+		// Otherwise, assume format was fine:
+		return format;
+	}
+
+
+	/* --- API Methods --- */
+
+	/**
+	 * Takes a string/array of strings, removes all formatting/cruft and returns the raw float value
+	 * alias: accounting.`parse(string)`
+	 *
+	 * Decimal must be included in the regular expression to match floats (defaults to
+	 * accounting.settings.number.decimal), so if the number uses a non-standard decimal 
+	 * separator, provide it as the second argument.
+	 *
+	 * Also matches bracketed negatives (eg. "$ (1.99)" => -1.99)
+	 *
+	 * Doesn't throw any errors (`NaN`s become 0) but this may change in future
+	 */
+	var unformat = lib.unformat = lib.parse = function(value, decimal) {
+		// Recursively unformat arrays:
+		if (isArray(value)) {
+			return map(value, function(val) {
+				return unformat(val, decimal);
+			});
+		}
+
+		// Fails silently (need decent errors):
+		value = value || 0;
+
+		// Return the value as-is if it's already a number:
+		if (typeof value === "number") return value;
+
+		// Default decimal point comes from settings, but could be set to eg. "," in opts:
+		decimal = decimal || lib.settings.number.decimal;
+
+		 // Build regex to strip out everything except digits, decimal point and minus sign:
+		var regex = new RegExp("[^0-9-" + decimal + "]", ["g"]),
+			unformatted = parseFloat(
+				("" + value)
+				.replace(/\((.*)\)/, "-$1") // replace bracketed values with negatives
+				.replace(regex, '')         // strip out any cruft
+				.replace(decimal, '.')      // make sure decimal point is standard
+			);
+
+		// This will fail silently which may cause trouble, let's wait and see:
+		return !isNaN(unformatted) ? unformatted : 0;
+	};
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Implementation of toFixed() that treats floats more like decimals
+	 *
+	 * Fixes binary rounding issues (eg. (0.615).toFixed(2) === "0.61") that present
+	 * problems for accounting- and finance-related software.
+	 */
+	var toFixed = lib.toFixed = function(value, precision) {
+		precision = checkPrecision(precision, lib.settings.number.precision);
+		var power = Math.pow(10, precision);
+
+		// Multiply up by precision, round accurately, then divide and use native toFixed():
+		return (Math.round(lib.unformat(value) * power) / power).toFixed(precision);
+	};
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Format a number, with comma-separated thousands and custom precision/decimal places
+	 *
+	 * Localise by overriding the precision and thousand / decimal separators
+	 * 2nd parameter `precision` can be an object matching `settings.number`
+	 */
+	var formatNumber = lib.formatNumber = function(number, precision, thousand, decimal) {
+		// Resursively format arrays:
+		if (isArray(number)) {
+			return map(number, function(val) {
+				return formatNumber(val, precision, thousand, decimal);
+			});
+		}
+
+		// Clean up number:
+		number = unformat(number);
+
+		// Build options object from second param (if object) or all params, extending defaults:
+		var opts = defaults(
+				(isObject(precision) ? precision : {
+					precision : precision,
+					thousand : thousand,
+					decimal : decimal
+				}),
+				lib.settings.number
+			),
+
+			// Clean up precision
+			usePrecision = checkPrecision(opts.precision),
+
+			// Do some calc:
+			negative = number < 0 ? "-" : "",
+			base = parseInt(toFixed(Math.abs(number || 0), usePrecision), 10) + "",
+			mod = base.length > 3 ? base.length % 3 : 0;
+
+		// Format the number:
+		return negative + (mod ? base.substr(0, mod) + opts.thousand : "") + base.substr(mod).replace(/(\d{3})(?=\d)/g, "$1" + opts.thousand) + (usePrecision ? opts.decimal + toFixed(Math.abs(number), usePrecision).split('.')[1] : "");
+	};
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Format a number into currency
+	 *
+	 * Usage: accounting.formatMoney(number, symbol, precision, thousandsSep, decimalSep, format)
+	 * defaults: (0, "$", 2, ",", ".", "%s%v")
+	 *
+	 * Localise by overriding the symbol, precision, thousand / decimal separators and format
+	 * Second param can be an object matching `settings.currency` which is the easiest way.
+	 *
+	 * To do: tidy up the parameters
+	 */
+	var formatMoney = lib.formatMoney = function(number, symbol, precision, thousand, decimal, format) {
+		// Resursively format arrays:
+		if (isArray(number)) {
+			return map(number, function(val){
+				return formatMoney(val, symbol, precision, thousand, decimal, format);
+			});
+		}
+
+		// Clean up number:
+		number = unformat(number);
+
+		// Build options object from second param (if object) or all params, extending defaults:
+		var opts = defaults(
+				(isObject(symbol) ? symbol : {
+					symbol : symbol,
+					precision : precision,
+					thousand : thousand,
+					decimal : decimal,
+					format : format
+				}),
+				lib.settings.currency
+			),
+
+			// Check format (returns object with pos, neg and zero):
+			formats = checkCurrencyFormat(opts.format),
+
+			// Choose which format to use for this value:
+			useFormat = number > 0 ? formats.pos : number < 0 ? formats.neg : formats.zero;
+
+		// Return with currency symbol added:
+		return useFormat.replace('%s', opts.symbol).replace('%v', formatNumber(Math.abs(number), checkPrecision(opts.precision), opts.thousand, opts.decimal));
+	};
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Format a list of numbers into an accounting column, padding with whitespace
+	 * to line up currency symbols, thousand separators and decimals places
+	 *
+	 * List should be an array of numbers
+	 * Second parameter can be an object containing keys that match the params
+	 *
+	 * Returns array of accouting-formatted number strings of same length
+	 *
+	 * NB: `white-space:pre` CSS rule is required on the list container to prevent
+	 * browsers from collapsing the whitespace in the output strings.
+	 */
+	lib.formatColumn = function(list, symbol, precision, thousand, decimal, format) {
+		if (!list) return [];
+
+		// Build options object from second param (if object) or all params, extending defaults:
+		var opts = defaults(
+				(isObject(symbol) ? symbol : {
+					symbol : symbol,
+					precision : precision,
+					thousand : thousand,
+					decimal : decimal,
+					format : format
+				}),
+				lib.settings.currency
+			),
+
+			// Check format (returns object with pos, neg and zero), only need pos for now:
+			formats = checkCurrencyFormat(opts.format),
+
+			// Whether to pad at start of string or after currency symbol:
+			padAfterSymbol = formats.pos.indexOf("%s") < formats.pos.indexOf("%v") ? true : false,
+
+			// Store value for the length of the longest string in the column:
+			maxLength = 0,
+
+			// Format the list according to options, store the length of the longest string:
+			formatted = map(list, function(val, i) {
+				if (isArray(val)) {
+					// Recursively format columns if list is a multi-dimensional array:
+					return lib.formatColumn(val, opts);
+				} else {
+					// Clean up the value
+					val = unformat(val);
+
+					// Choose which format to use for this value (pos, neg or zero):
+					var useFormat = val > 0 ? formats.pos : val < 0 ? formats.neg : formats.zero,
+
+						// Format this value, push into formatted list and save the length:
+						fVal = useFormat.replace('%s', opts.symbol).replace('%v', formatNumber(Math.abs(val), checkPrecision(opts.precision), opts.thousand, opts.decimal));
+
+					if (fVal.length > maxLength) maxLength = fVal.length;
+					return fVal;
+				}
+			});
+
+		// Pad each number in the list and send back the column of numbers:
+		return map(formatted, function(val, i) {
+			// Only if this is a string (not a nested array, which would have already been padded):
+			if (isString(val) && val.length < maxLength) {
+				// Depending on symbol position, pad after symbol or at index 0:
+				return padAfterSymbol ? val.replace(opts.symbol, opts.symbol+(new Array(maxLength - val.length + 1).join(" "))) : (new Array(maxLength - val.length + 1).join(" ")) + val;
+			}
+			return val;
+		});
+	};
+
+
+	/* --- Module Definition --- */
+
+	// Export accounting for CommonJS. If being loaded as an AMD module, define it as such.
+	// Otherwise, just add `accounting` to the global object
+	if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
+		if (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module.exports) {
+			exports = module.exports = lib;
+		}
+		exports.accounting = lib;
+	} else if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
+		// Return the library as an AMD module:
+		define([], function() {
+			return lib;
+		});
+	} else {
+		// Use accounting.noConflict to restore `accounting` back to its original value.
+		// Returns a reference to the library's `accounting` object;
+		// e.g. `var numbers = accounting.noConflict();`
+		lib.noConflict = (function(oldAccounting) {
+			return function() {
+				// Reset the value of the root's `accounting` variable:
+				root.accounting = oldAccounting;
+				// Delete the noConflict method:
+				lib.noConflict = undefined;
+				// Return reference to the library to re-assign it:
+				return lib;
+			};
+		})(root.accounting);
+
+		// Declare `fx` on the root (global/window) object:
+		root['accounting'] = lib;
+	}
+
+	// Root will be `window` in browser or `global` on the server:
+}(this));

data/vendor/assets/javascripts/chiropractor/backbone-relational.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1687 @@
+/**
+ * Backbone-relational.js 0.6.0
+ * (c) 2011 Paul Uithol
+ * 
+ * Backbone-relational may be freely distributed under the MIT license; see the accompanying LICENSE.txt.
+ * For details and documentation: https://github.com/PaulUithol/Backbone-relational.
+ * Depends on Backbone (and thus on Underscore as well): https://github.com/documentcloud/backbone.
+ */
+( function( undefined ) {
+	"use strict";
+	
+	/**
+	 * CommonJS shim
+	 **/
+	var _, Backbone, exports;
+	if ( typeof window === 'undefined' ) {
+		_ = require( 'underscore' );
+		Backbone = require( 'backbone' );
+		exports = module.exports = Backbone;
+	}
+	else {
+		_ = window._;
+		Backbone = window.Backbone;
+		exports = window;
+	}
+
+	Backbone.Relational = {
+		showWarnings: true
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Semaphore mixin; can be used as both binary and counting.
+	 **/
+	Backbone.Semaphore = {
+		_permitsAvailable: null,
+		_permitsUsed: 0,
+		
+		acquire: function() {
+			if ( this._permitsAvailable && this._permitsUsed >= this._permitsAvailable ) {
+				throw new Error( 'Max permits acquired' );
+			}
+			else {
+				this._permitsUsed++;
+			}
+		},
+		
+		release: function() {
+			if ( this._permitsUsed === 0 ) {
+				throw new Error( 'All permits released' );
+			}
+			else {
+				this._permitsUsed--;
+			}
+		},
+		
+		isLocked: function() {
+			return this._permitsUsed > 0;
+		},
+		
+		setAvailablePermits: function( amount ) {
+			if ( this._permitsUsed > amount ) {
+				throw new Error( 'Available permits cannot be less than used permits' );
+			}
+			this._permitsAvailable = amount;
+		}
+	};
+	
+	/**
+	 * A BlockingQueue that accumulates items while blocked (via 'block'),
+	 * and processes them when unblocked (via 'unblock').
+	 * Process can also be called manually (via 'process').
+	 */
+	Backbone.BlockingQueue = function() {
+		this._queue = [];
+	};
+	_.extend( Backbone.BlockingQueue.prototype, Backbone.Semaphore, {
+		_queue: null,
+		
+		add: function( func ) {
+			if ( this.isBlocked() ) {
+				this._queue.push( func );
+			}
+			else {
+				func();
+			}
+		},
+		
+		process: function() {
+			while ( this._queue && this._queue.length ) {
+				this._queue.shift()();
+			}
+		},
+		
+		block: function() {
+			this.acquire();
+		},
+		
+		unblock: function() {
+			this.release();
+			if ( !this.isBlocked() ) {
+				this.process();
+			}
+		},
+		
+		isBlocked: function() {
+			return this.isLocked();
+		}
+	});
+	/**
+	 * Global event queue. Accumulates external events ('add:<key>', 'remove:<key>' and 'update:<key>')
+	 * until the top-level object is fully initialized (see 'Backbone.RelationalModel').
+	 */
+	Backbone.Relational.eventQueue = new Backbone.BlockingQueue();
+	
+	/**
+	 * Backbone.Store keeps track of all created (and destruction of) Backbone.RelationalModel.
+	 * Handles lookup for relations.
+	 */
+	Backbone.Store = function() {
+		this._collections = [];
+		this._reverseRelations = [];
+		this._subModels = [];
+		this._modelScopes = [ exports ];
+	};
+	_.extend( Backbone.Store.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
+		addModelScope: function( scope ) {
+			this._modelScopes.push( scope );
+		},
+
+		/**
+		 * Add a set of subModelTypes to the store, that can be used to resolve the '_superModel'
+		 * for a model later in 'setupSuperModel'.
+		 *
+		 * @param {Backbone.RelationalModel} subModelTypes
+		 * @param {Backbone.RelationalModel} superModelType
+		 */
+		addSubModels: function( subModelTypes, superModelType ) {
+			this._subModels.push({
+				'superModelType': superModelType,
+				'subModels': subModelTypes
+			});
+		},
+
+		/**
+		 * Check if the given modelType is registered as another model's subModel. If so, add it to the super model's
+		 * '_subModels', and set the modelType's '_superModel', '_subModelTypeName', and '_subModelTypeAttribute'.
+		 *
+		 * @param {Backbone.RelationalModel} modelType
+		 */
+		setupSuperModel: function( modelType ) {
+			_.find( this._subModels || [], function( subModelDef ) {
+				return _.find( subModelDef.subModels || [], function( subModelTypeName, typeValue ) {
+					var subModelType = this.getObjectByName( subModelTypeName );
+
+					if ( modelType === subModelType ) {
+						// Set 'modelType' as a child of the found superModel
+						subModelDef.superModelType._subModels[ typeValue ] = modelType;
+
+						// Set '_superModel', '_subModelTypeValue', and '_subModelTypeAttribute' on 'modelType'.
+						modelType._superModel = subModelDef.superModelType;
+						modelType._subModelTypeValue = typeValue;
+						modelType._subModelTypeAttribute = subModelDef.superModelType.prototype.subModelTypeAttribute;
+						return true;
+					}
+				}, this );
+			}, this );
+		},
+		
+		/**
+		 * Add a reverse relation. Is added to the 'relations' property on model's prototype, and to
+		 * existing instances of 'model' in the store as well.
+		 * @param {Object} relation
+		 * @param {Backbone.RelationalModel} relation.model
+		 * @param {String} relation.type
+		 * @param {String} relation.key
+		 * @param {String|Object} relation.relatedModel
+		 */
+		addReverseRelation: function( relation ) {
+			var exists = _.any( this._reverseRelations || [], function( rel ) {
+					return _.all( relation || [], function( val, key ) {
+							return val === rel[ key ];
+						});
+				});
+			
+			if ( !exists && relation.model && relation.type ) {
+				this._reverseRelations.push( relation );
+				
+				var addRelation = function( model, relation ) {
+					if ( !model.prototype.relations ) {
+						model.prototype.relations = [];
+					}
+					model.prototype.relations.push( relation );
+					
+					_.each( model._subModels || [], function( subModel ) {
+							addRelation( subModel, relation );
+						}, this );
+				};
+				
+				addRelation( relation.model, relation );
+				
+				this.retroFitRelation( relation );
+			}
+		},
+		
+		/**
+		 * Add a 'relation' to all existing instances of 'relation.model' in the store
+		 * @param {Object} relation
+		 */
+		retroFitRelation: function( relation ) {
+			var coll = this.getCollection( relation.model );
+			coll.each( function( model ) {
+				if ( !( model instanceof relation.model ) ) {
+					return;
+				}
+
+				new relation.type( model, relation );
+			}, this);
+		},
+		
+		/**
+		 * Find the Store's collection for a certain type of model.
+		 * @param {Backbone.RelationalModel} model
+		 * @return {Backbone.Collection} A collection if found (or applicable for 'model'), or null
+		 */
+		getCollection: function( model ) {
+			if ( model instanceof Backbone.RelationalModel ) {
+				model = model.constructor;
+			}
+			
+			var rootModel = model;
+			while ( rootModel._superModel ) {
+				rootModel = rootModel._superModel;
+			}
+			
+			var coll = _.detect( this._collections, function( c ) {
+					return c.model === rootModel;
+				});
+			
+			if ( !coll ) {
+				coll = this._createCollection( rootModel );
+			}
+			
+			return coll;
+		},
+		
+		/**
+		 * Find a type on the global object by name. Splits name on dots.
+		 * @param {String} name
+		 * @return {Object}
+		 */
+		getObjectByName: function( name ) {
+			var parts = name.split( '.' ),
+				type = null;
+
+			_.find( this._modelScopes || [], function( scope ) {
+				type = _.reduce( parts || [], function( memo, val ) {
+					return memo[ val ];
+				}, scope );
+
+				if ( type && type !== scope ) {
+					return true;
+				}
+			}, this );
+
+			return type;
+		},
+		
+		_createCollection: function( type ) {
+			var coll;
+			
+			// If 'type' is an instance, take its constructor
+			if ( type instanceof Backbone.RelationalModel ) {
+				type = type.constructor;
+			}
+			
+			// Type should inherit from Backbone.RelationalModel.
+			if ( type.prototype instanceof Backbone.RelationalModel ) {
+				coll = new Backbone.Collection();
+				coll.model = type;
+				
+				this._collections.push( coll );
+			}
+			
+			return coll;
+		},
+
+		/**
+		 * Find the attribute that is to be used as the `id` on a given object
+		 * @param type
+		 * @param {String|Number|Object|Backbone.RelationalModel} item
+		 * @return {String|Number}
+		 */
+		resolveIdForItem: function( type, item ) {
+			var id = _.isString( item ) || _.isNumber( item ) ? item : null;
+
+			if ( id === null ) {
+				if ( item instanceof Backbone.RelationalModel ) {
+					id = item.id;
+				}
+				else if ( _.isObject( item ) ) {
+					id = item[ type.prototype.idAttribute ];
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Make all falsy values `null` (except for 0, which could be an id.. see '/issues/179')
+			if ( !id && id !== 0 ) {
+				id = null;
+			}
+
+			return id;
+		},
+
+		/**
+		 *
+		 * @param type
+		 * @param {String|Number|Object|Backbone.RelationalModel} item
+		 */
+		find: function( type, item ) {
+			var id = this.resolveIdForItem( type, item );
+			var coll = this.getCollection( type );
+			
+			// Because the found object could be of any of the type's superModel
+			// types, only return it if it's actually of the type asked for.
+			if ( coll ) {
+				var obj = coll.get( id );
+
+				if ( obj instanceof type ) {
+					return obj;
+				}
+			}
+
+			return null;
+		},
+		
+		/**
+		 * Add a 'model' to it's appropriate collection. Retain the original contents of 'model.collection'.
+		 * @param {Backbone.RelationalModel} model
+		 */
+		register: function( model ) {
+			var coll = this.getCollection( model );
+
+			if ( coll ) {
+				if ( coll.get( model ) ) {
+					throw new Error( "Cannot instantiate more than one Backbone.RelationalModel with the same id per type!" );
+				}
+
+				var modelColl = model.collection;
+				coll.add( model );
+				model.bind( 'destroy', this.unregister, this );
+				model.collection = modelColl;
+			}
+		},
+		
+		/**
+		 * Explicitly update a model's id in it's store collection
+		 * @param {Backbone.RelationalModel} model
+		 */
+		update: function( model ) {
+			var coll = this.getCollection( model );
+			coll._onModelEvent( 'change:' + model.idAttribute, model, coll );
+		},
+		
+		/**
+		 * Remove a 'model' from the store.
+		 * @param {Backbone.RelationalModel} model
+		 */
+		unregister: function( model ) {
+			model.unbind( 'destroy', this.unregister );
+			var coll = this.getCollection( model );
+			coll && coll.remove( model );
+		}
+	});
+	Backbone.Relational.store = new Backbone.Store();
+	
+	/**
+	 * The main Relation class, from which 'HasOne' and 'HasMany' inherit. Internally, 'relational:<key>' events
+	 * are used to regulate addition and removal of models from relations.
+	 *
+	 * @param {Backbone.RelationalModel} instance
+	 * @param {Object} options
+	 * @param {string} options.key
+	 * @param {Backbone.RelationalModel.constructor} options.relatedModel
+	 * @param {Boolean|String} [options.includeInJSON=true] Serialize the given attribute for related model(s)' in toJSON, or just their ids.
+	 * @param {Boolean} [options.createModels=true] Create objects from the contents of keys if the object is not found in Backbone.store.
+	 * @param {Object} [options.reverseRelation] Specify a bi-directional relation. If provided, Relation will reciprocate
+	 *    the relation to the 'relatedModel'. Required and optional properties match 'options', except that it also needs
+	 *    {Backbone.Relation|String} type ('HasOne' or 'HasMany').
+	 */
+	Backbone.Relation = function( instance, options ) {
+		this.instance = instance;
+		// Make sure 'options' is sane, and fill with defaults from subclasses and this object's prototype
+		options = _.isObject( options ) ? options : {};
+		this.reverseRelation = _.defaults( options.reverseRelation || {}, this.options.reverseRelation );
+		this.reverseRelation.type = !_.isString( this.reverseRelation.type ) ? this.reverseRelation.type :
+			Backbone[ this.reverseRelation.type ] || Backbone.Relational.store.getObjectByName( this.reverseRelation.type );
+		this.model = options.model || this.instance.constructor;
+		this.options = _.defaults( options, this.options, Backbone.Relation.prototype.options );
+		
+		this.key = this.options.key;
+		this.keySource = this.options.keySource || this.key;
+		this.keyDestination = this.options.keyDestination || this.keySource || this.key;
+
+		// 'exports' should be the global object where 'relatedModel' can be found on if given as a string.
+		this.relatedModel = this.options.relatedModel;
+		if ( _.isString( this.relatedModel ) ) {
+			this.relatedModel = Backbone.Relational.store.getObjectByName( this.relatedModel );
+		}
+
+		if ( !this.checkPreconditions() ) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		if ( instance ) {
+			this.keyContents = this.instance.get( this.keySource );
+
+			// Explicitly clear 'keySource', to prevent a leaky abstraction if 'keySource' differs from 'key'.
+			if ( this.key !== this.keySource ) {
+				this.instance.unset( this.keySource, { silent: true } );
+			}
+
+			// Add this Relation to instance._relations
+			this.instance._relations.push( this );
+		}
+
+		// Add the reverse relation on 'relatedModel' to the store's reverseRelations
+		if ( !this.options.isAutoRelation && this.reverseRelation.type && this.reverseRelation.key ) {
+			Backbone.Relational.store.addReverseRelation( _.defaults( {
+					isAutoRelation: true,
+					model: this.relatedModel,
+					relatedModel: this.model,
+					reverseRelation: this.options // current relation is the 'reverseRelation' for it's own reverseRelation
+				},
+				this.reverseRelation // Take further properties from this.reverseRelation (type, key, etc.)
+			) );
+		}
+
+		_.bindAll( this, '_modelRemovedFromCollection', '_relatedModelAdded', '_relatedModelRemoved' );
+
+		if ( instance ) {
+			this.initialize();
+
+			// When a model in the store is destroyed, check if it is 'this.instance'.
+			Backbone.Relational.store.getCollection( this.instance )
+				.bind( 'relational:remove', this._modelRemovedFromCollection );
+
+			// When 'relatedModel' are created or destroyed, check if it affects this relation.
+			Backbone.Relational.store.getCollection( this.relatedModel )
+				.bind( 'relational:add', this._relatedModelAdded )
+				.bind( 'relational:remove', this._relatedModelRemoved );
+		}
+	};
+	// Fix inheritance :\
+	Backbone.Relation.extend = Backbone.Model.extend;
+	// Set up all inheritable **Backbone.Relation** properties and methods.
+	_.extend( Backbone.Relation.prototype, Backbone.Events, Backbone.Semaphore, {
+		options: {
+			createModels: true,
+			includeInJSON: true,
+			isAutoRelation: false
+		},
+		
+		instance: null,
+		key: null,
+		keyContents: null,
+		relatedModel: null,
+		reverseRelation: null,
+		related: null,
+		
+		_relatedModelAdded: function( model, coll, options ) {
+			// Allow 'model' to set up it's relations, before calling 'tryAddRelated'
+			// (which can result in a call to 'addRelated' on a relation of 'model')
+			var dit = this;
+			model.queue( function() {
+				dit.tryAddRelated( model, options );
+			});
+		},
+		
+		_relatedModelRemoved: function( model, coll, options ) {
+			this.removeRelated( model, options );
+		},
+		
+		_modelRemovedFromCollection: function( model ) {
+			if ( model === this.instance ) {
+				this.destroy();
+			}
+		},
+		
+		/**
+		 * Check several pre-conditions.
+		 * @return {Boolean} True if pre-conditions are satisfied, false if they're not.
+		 */
+		checkPreconditions: function() {
+			var i = this.instance,
+				k = this.key,
+				m = this.model,
+				rm = this.relatedModel,
+				warn = Backbone.Relational.showWarnings && typeof console !== 'undefined';
+
+			if ( !m || !k || !rm ) {
+				warn && console.warn( 'Relation=%o; no model, key or relatedModel (%o, %o, %o)', this, m, k, rm );
+				return false;
+			}
+			// Check if the type in 'model' inherits from Backbone.RelationalModel
+			if ( !( m.prototype instanceof Backbone.RelationalModel ) ) {
+				warn && console.warn( 'Relation=%o; model does not inherit from Backbone.RelationalModel (%o)', this, i );
+				return false;
+			}
+			// Check if the type in 'relatedModel' inherits from Backbone.RelationalModel
+			if ( !( rm.prototype instanceof Backbone.RelationalModel ) ) {
+				warn && console.warn( 'Relation=%o; relatedModel does not inherit from Backbone.RelationalModel (%o)', this, rm );
+				return false;
+			}
+			// Check if this is not a HasMany, and the reverse relation is HasMany as well
+			if ( this instanceof Backbone.HasMany && this.reverseRelation.type === Backbone.HasMany ) {
+				warn && console.warn( 'Relation=%o; relation is a HasMany, and the reverseRelation is HasMany as well.', this );
+				return false;
+			}
+
+			// Check if we're not attempting to create a duplicate relationship
+			if ( i && i._relations.length ) {
+				var exists = _.any( i._relations || [], function( rel ) {
+						var hasReverseRelation = this.reverseRelation.key && rel.reverseRelation.key;
+						return rel.relatedModel === rm && rel.key === k &&
+							( !hasReverseRelation || this.reverseRelation.key === rel.reverseRelation.key );
+					}, this );
+
+				if ( exists ) {
+					warn && console.warn( 'Relation=%o between instance=%o.%s and relatedModel=%o.%s already exists',
+						this, i, k, rm, this.reverseRelation.key );
+					return false;
+				}
+			}
+
+			return true;
+		},
+
+		/**
+		 * Set the related model(s) for this relation
+		 * @param {Backbone.Mode|Backbone.Collection} related
+		 * @param {Object} [options]
+		 */
+		setRelated: function( related, options ) {
+			this.related = related;
+
+			this.instance.acquire();
+			this.instance.set( this.key, related, _.defaults( options || {}, { silent: true } ) );
+			this.instance.release();
+		},
+		
+		/**
+		 * Determine if a relation (on a different RelationalModel) is the reverse
+		 * relation of the current one.
+		 * @param {Backbone.Relation} relation
+		 * @return {Boolean}
+		 */
+		_isReverseRelation: function( relation ) {
+			if ( relation.instance instanceof this.relatedModel && this.reverseRelation.key === relation.key &&
+					this.key === relation.reverseRelation.key ) {
+				return true;
+			}
+			return false;
+		},
+		
+		/**
+		 * Get the reverse relations (pointing back to 'this.key' on 'this.instance') for the currently related model(s).
+		 * @param {Backbone.RelationalModel} [model] Get the reverse relations for a specific model.
+		 *    If not specified, 'this.related' is used.
+		 * @return {Backbone.Relation[]}
+		 */
+		getReverseRelations: function( model ) {
+			var reverseRelations = [];
+			// Iterate over 'model', 'this.related.models' (if this.related is a Backbone.Collection), or wrap 'this.related' in an array.
+			var models = !_.isUndefined( model ) ? [ model ] : this.related && ( this.related.models || [ this.related ] );
+			_.each( models || [], function( related ) {
+					_.each( related.getRelations() || [], function( relation ) {
+							if ( this._isReverseRelation( relation ) ) {
+								reverseRelations.push( relation );
+							}
+						}, this );
+				}, this );
+			
+			return reverseRelations;
+		},
+		
+		/**
+		 * Rename options.silent to options.silentChange, so events propagate properly.
+		 * (for example in HasMany, from 'addRelated'->'handleAddition')
+		 * @param {Object} [options]
+		 * @return {Object}
+		 */
+		sanitizeOptions: function( options ) {
+			options = options ? _.clone( options ) : {};
+			if ( options.silent ) {
+				options.silentChange = true;
+				delete options.silent;
+			}
+			return options;
+		},
+
+		/**
+		 * Rename options.silentChange to options.silent, so events are silenced as intended in Backbone's
+		 * original functions.
+		 * @param {Object} [options]
+		 * @return {Object}
+		 */
+		unsanitizeOptions: function( options ) {
+			options = options ? _.clone( options ) : {};
+			if ( options.silentChange ) {
+				options.silent = true;
+				delete options.silentChange;
+			}
+			return options;
+		},
+		
+		// Cleanup. Get reverse relation, call removeRelated on each.
+		destroy: function() {
+			Backbone.Relational.store.getCollection( this.instance )
+				.unbind( 'relational:remove', this._modelRemovedFromCollection );
+			
+			Backbone.Relational.store.getCollection( this.relatedModel )
+				.unbind( 'relational:add', this._relatedModelAdded )
+				.unbind( 'relational:remove', this._relatedModelRemoved );
+			
+			_.each( this.getReverseRelations() || [], function( relation ) {
+					relation.removeRelated( this.instance );
+				}, this );
+		}
+	});
+	
+	Backbone.HasOne = Backbone.Relation.extend({
+		options: {
+			reverseRelation: { type: 'HasMany' }
+		},
+		
+		initialize: function() {
+			_.bindAll( this, 'onChange' );
+
+			this.instance.bind( 'relational:change:' + this.key, this.onChange );
+
+			var model = this.findRelated( { silent: true } );
+			this.setRelated( model );
+
+			// Notify new 'related' object of the new relation.
+			_.each( this.getReverseRelations() || [], function( relation ) {
+					relation.addRelated( this.instance );
+				}, this );
+		},
+		
+		findRelated: function( options ) {
+			var item = this.keyContents;
+			var model = null;
+			
+			if ( item instanceof this.relatedModel ) {
+				model = item;
+			}
+			else if ( item || item === 0 ) { // since 0 can be a valid `id` as well
+				model = this.relatedModel.findOrCreate( item, { create: this.options.createModels } );
+			}
+			
+			return model;
+		},
+		
+		/**
+		 * If the key is changed, notify old & new reverse relations and initialize the new relation
+		 */
+		onChange: function( model, attr, options ) {
+			// Don't accept recursive calls to onChange (like onChange->findRelated->findOrCreate->initializeRelations->addRelated->onChange)
+			if ( this.isLocked() ) {
+				return;
+			}
+			this.acquire();
+			options = this.sanitizeOptions( options );
+			
+			// 'options._related' is set by 'addRelated'/'removeRelated'. If it is set, the change
+			// is the result of a call from a relation. If it's not, the change is the result of 
+			// a 'set' call on this.instance.
+			var changed = _.isUndefined( options._related );
+			var oldRelated = changed ? this.related : options._related;
+			
+			if ( changed ) {	
+				this.keyContents = attr;
+				
+				// Set new 'related'
+				if ( attr instanceof this.relatedModel ) {
+					this.related = attr;
+				}
+				else if ( attr ) {
+					var related = this.findRelated( options );
+					this.setRelated( related );
+				}
+				else {
+					this.setRelated( null );
+				}
+			}
+			
+			// Notify old 'related' object of the terminated relation
+			if ( oldRelated && this.related !== oldRelated ) {
+				_.each( this.getReverseRelations( oldRelated ) || [], function( relation ) {
+						relation.removeRelated( this.instance, options );
+					}, this );
+			}
+			
+			// Notify new 'related' object of the new relation. Note we do re-apply even if this.related is oldRelated;
+			// that can be necessary for bi-directional relations if 'this.instance' was created after 'this.related'.
+			// In that case, 'this.instance' will already know 'this.related', but the reverse might not exist yet.
+			_.each( this.getReverseRelations() || [], function( relation ) {
+					relation.addRelated( this.instance, options );
+				}, this);
+			
+			// Fire the 'update:<key>' event if 'related' was updated
+			if ( !options.silentChange && this.related !== oldRelated ) {
+				var dit = this;
+				Backbone.Relational.eventQueue.add( function() {
+					dit.instance.trigger( 'update:' + dit.key, dit.instance, dit.related, options );
+				});
+			}
+			this.release();
+		},
+		
+		/**
+		 * If a new 'this.relatedModel' appears in the 'store', try to match it to the last set 'keyContents'
+		 */
+		tryAddRelated: function( model, options ) {
+			if ( this.related ) {
+				return;
+			}
+			options = this.sanitizeOptions( options );
+			
+			var item = this.keyContents;
+			if ( item || item === 0 ) { // since 0 can be a valid `id` as well
+				var id = Backbone.Relational.store.resolveIdForItem( this.relatedModel, item );
+				if ( !_.isNull( id ) && model.id === id ) {
+					this.addRelated( model, options );
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		
+		addRelated: function( model, options ) {
+			if ( model !== this.related ) {
+				var oldRelated = this.related || null;
+				this.setRelated( model );
+				this.onChange( this.instance, model, { _related: oldRelated } );
+			}
+		},
+		
+		removeRelated: function( model, options ) {
+			if ( !this.related ) {
+				return;
+			}
+			
+			if ( model === this.related ) {
+				var oldRelated = this.related || null;
+				this.setRelated( null );
+				this.onChange( this.instance, model, { _related: oldRelated } );
+			}
+		}
+	});
+	
+	Backbone.HasMany = Backbone.Relation.extend({
+		collectionType: null,
+		
+		options: {
+			reverseRelation: { type: 'HasOne' },
+			collectionType: Backbone.Collection,
+			collectionKey: true,
+			collectionOptions: {}
+		},
+		
+		initialize: function() {
+			_.bindAll( this, 'onChange', 'handleAddition', 'handleRemoval', 'handleReset' );
+			this.instance.bind( 'relational:change:' + this.key, this.onChange );
+			
+			// Handle a custom 'collectionType'
+			this.collectionType = this.options.collectionType;
+			if ( _.isString( this.collectionType ) ) {
+				this.collectionType = Backbone.Relational.store.getObjectByName( this.collectionType );
+			}
+			if ( !this.collectionType.prototype instanceof Backbone.Collection ){
+				throw new Error( 'collectionType must inherit from Backbone.Collection' );
+			}
+
+			// Handle cases where a model/relation is created with a collection passed straight into 'attributes'
+			if ( this.keyContents instanceof Backbone.Collection ) {
+				this.setRelated( this._prepareCollection( this.keyContents ) );
+			}
+			else {
+				this.setRelated( this._prepareCollection() );
+			}
+
+			this.findRelated( { silent: true } );
+		},
+		
+		_getCollectionOptions: function() {
+			return _.isFunction( this.options.collectionOptions ) ?
+				this.options.collectionOptions( this.instance ) :
+				this.options.collectionOptions;
+		},
+
+		/**
+		 * Bind events and setup collectionKeys for a collection that is to be used as the backing store for a HasMany.
+		 * If no 'collection' is supplied, a new collection will be created of the specified 'collectionType' option.
+		 * @param {Backbone.Collection} [collection]
+		 */
+		_prepareCollection: function( collection ) {
+			if ( this.related ) {
+				this.related
+					.unbind( 'relational:add', this.handleAddition )
+					.unbind( 'relational:remove', this.handleRemoval )
+					.unbind( 'relational:reset', this.handleReset )
+			}
+
+			if ( !collection || !( collection instanceof Backbone.Collection ) ) {
+				collection = new this.collectionType( [], this._getCollectionOptions() );
+			}
+
+			collection.model = this.relatedModel;
+			
+			if ( this.options.collectionKey ) {
+				var key = this.options.collectionKey === true ? this.options.reverseRelation.key : this.options.collectionKey;
+				
+				if ( collection[ key ] && collection[ key ] !== this.instance ) {
+					if ( Backbone.Relational.showWarnings && typeof console !== 'undefined' ) {
+						console.warn( 'Relation=%o; collectionKey=%s already exists on collection=%o', this, key, this.options.collectionKey );
+					}
+				}
+				else if ( key ) {
+					collection[ key ] = this.instance;
+				}
+			}
+			
+			collection
+				.bind( 'relational:add', this.handleAddition )
+				.bind( 'relational:remove', this.handleRemoval )
+				.bind( 'relational:reset', this.handleReset );
+			
+			return collection;
+		},
+		
+		findRelated: function( options ) {
+			if ( this.keyContents ) {
+				var models = [];
+
+				if ( this.keyContents instanceof Backbone.Collection ) {
+					models = this.keyContents.models;
+				}
+				else {
+					// Handle cases the an API/user supplies just an Object/id instead of an Array
+					this.keyContents = _.isArray( this.keyContents ) ? this.keyContents : [ this.keyContents ];
+
+					// Try to find instances of the appropriate 'relatedModel' in the store
+					_.each( this.keyContents || [], function( item ) {
+							var model = null;
+							if ( item instanceof this.relatedModel ) {
+								model = item;
+							}
+							else if ( item || item === 0 ) { // since 0 can be a valid `id` as well
+								model = this.relatedModel.findOrCreate( item, { create: this.options.createModels } );
+							}
+
+							if ( model && !this.related.getByCid( model ) && !this.related.get( model ) ) {
+								models.push( model );
+							}
+						}, this );
+				}
+
+				// Add all found 'models' in on go, so 'add' will only be called once (and thus 'sort', etc.)
+				if ( models.length ) {
+					options = this.unsanitizeOptions( options );
+					this.related.add( models, options );
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		
+		/**
+		 * If the key is changed, notify old & new reverse relations and initialize the new relation
+		 */
+		onChange: function( model, attr, options ) {
+			options = this.sanitizeOptions( options );
+			this.keyContents = attr;
+			
+			// Notify old 'related' object of the terminated relation
+			_.each( this.getReverseRelations() || [], function( relation ) {
+					relation.removeRelated( this.instance, options );
+				}, this );
+			
+			// Replace 'this.related' by 'attr' if it is a Backbone.Collection
+			if ( attr instanceof Backbone.Collection ) {
+				this._prepareCollection( attr );
+				this.related = attr;
+			}
+			// Otherwise, 'attr' should be an array of related object ids.
+			// Re-use the current 'this.related' if it is a Backbone.Collection, and remove any current entries.
+			// Otherwise, create a new collection.
+			else {
+				var coll;
+
+				if ( this.related instanceof Backbone.Collection ) {
+					coll = this.related;
+					coll.remove( coll.models );
+				}
+				else {
+					coll = this._prepareCollection();
+				}
+
+				this.setRelated( coll );
+				this.findRelated( options );
+			}
+			
+			// Notify new 'related' object of the new relation
+			_.each( this.getReverseRelations() || [], function( relation ) {
+					relation.addRelated( this.instance, options );
+				}, this );
+			
+			var dit = this;
+			Backbone.Relational.eventQueue.add( function() {
+				!options.silentChange && dit.instance.trigger( 'update:' + dit.key, dit.instance, dit.related, options );
+			});
+		},
+		
+		tryAddRelated: function( model, options ) {
+			options = this.sanitizeOptions( options );
+			if ( !this.related.getByCid( model ) && !this.related.get( model ) ) {
+				// Check if this new model was specified in 'this.keyContents'
+				var item = _.any( this.keyContents || [], function( item ) {
+						var id = Backbone.Relational.store.resolveIdForItem( this.relatedModel, item );
+						return !_.isNull( id ) && id === model.id;
+					}, this );
+				
+				if ( item ) {
+					this.related.add( model, options );
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		
+		/**
+		 * When a model is added to a 'HasMany', trigger 'add' on 'this.instance' and notify reverse relations.
+		 * (should be 'HasOne', must set 'this.instance' as their related).
+		 */
+		handleAddition: function( model, coll, options ) {
+			//console.debug('handleAddition called; args=%o', arguments);
+			// Make sure the model is in fact a valid model before continuing.
+			// (it can be invalid as a result of failing validation in Backbone.Collection._prepareModel)
+			if ( !( model instanceof Backbone.Model ) ) {
+				return;
+			}
+			
+			options = this.sanitizeOptions( options );
+			
+			_.each( this.getReverseRelations( model ) || [], function( relation ) {
+					relation.addRelated( this.instance, options );
+				}, this );
+
+			// Only trigger 'add' once the newly added model is initialized (so, has it's relations set up)
+			var dit = this;
+			Backbone.Relational.eventQueue.add( function() {
+				!options.silentChange && dit.instance.trigger( 'add:' + dit.key, model, dit.related, options );
+			});
+		},
+		
+		/**
+		 * When a model is removed from a 'HasMany', trigger 'remove' on 'this.instance' and notify reverse relations.
+		 * (should be 'HasOne', which should be nullified)
+		 */
+		handleRemoval: function( model, coll, options ) {
+			//console.debug('handleRemoval called; args=%o', arguments);
+			if ( !( model instanceof Backbone.Model ) ) {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			options = this.sanitizeOptions( options );
+			
+			_.each( this.getReverseRelations( model ) || [], function( relation ) {
+					relation.removeRelated( this.instance, options );
+				}, this );
+			
+			var dit = this;
+			Backbone.Relational.eventQueue.add( function() {
+				!options.silentChange && dit.instance.trigger( 'remove:' + dit.key, model, dit.related, options );
+			});
+		},
+
+		handleReset: function( coll, options ) {
+			options = this.sanitizeOptions( options );
+
+			var dit = this;
+			Backbone.Relational.eventQueue.add( function() {
+				!options.silentChange && dit.instance.trigger( 'reset:' + dit.key, dit.related, options );
+			});
+		},
+		
+		addRelated: function( model, options ) {
+			var dit = this;
+			options = this.unsanitizeOptions( options );
+			model.queue( function() { // Queued to avoid errors for adding 'model' to the 'this.related' set twice
+				if ( dit.related && !dit.related.getByCid( model ) && !dit.related.get( model ) ) {
+					dit.related.add( model, options );
+				}
+			});
+		},
+		
+		removeRelated: function( model, options ) {
+			options = this.unsanitizeOptions( options );
+			if ( this.related.getByCid( model ) || this.related.get( model ) ) {
+				this.related.remove( model, options );
+			}
+		}
+	});
+	
+	/**
+	 * A type of Backbone.Model that also maintains relations to other models and collections.
+	 * New events when compared to the original:
+	 *  - 'add:<key>' (model, related collection, options)
+	 *  - 'remove:<key>' (model, related collection, options)
+	 *  - 'update:<key>' (model, related model or collection, options)
+	 */
+	Backbone.RelationalModel = Backbone.Model.extend({
+		relations: null, // Relation descriptions on the prototype
+		_relations: null, // Relation instances
+		_isInitialized: false,
+		_deferProcessing: false,
+		_queue: null,
+		
+		subModelTypeAttribute: 'type',
+		subModelTypes: null,
+		
+		constructor: function( attributes, options ) {
+			// Nasty hack, for cases like 'model.get( <HasMany key> ).add( item )'.
+			// Defer 'processQueue', so that when 'Relation.createModels' is used we:
+			// a) Survive 'Backbone.Collection.add'; this takes care we won't error on "can't add model to a set twice"
+			//    (by creating a model from properties, having the model add itself to the collection via one of
+			//    it's relations, then trying to add it to the collection).
+			// b) Trigger 'HasMany' collection events only after the model is really fully set up.
+			// Example that triggers both a and b: "p.get('jobs').add( { company: c, person: p } )".
+			var dit = this;
+			if ( options && options.collection ) {
+				this._deferProcessing = true;
+				
+				var processQueue = function( model ) {
+					if ( model === dit ) {
+						dit._deferProcessing = false;
+						dit.processQueue();
+						options.collection.unbind( 'relational:add', processQueue );
+					}
+				};
+				options.collection.bind( 'relational:add', processQueue );
+				
+				// So we do process the queue eventually, regardless of whether this model really gets added to 'options.collection'.
+				_.defer( function() {
+					processQueue( dit );
+				});
+			}
+			
+			this._queue = new Backbone.BlockingQueue();
+			this._queue.block();
+			Backbone.Relational.eventQueue.block();
+			
+			Backbone.Model.apply( this, arguments );
+			
+			// Try to run the global queue holding external events
+			Backbone.Relational.eventQueue.unblock();
+		},
+		
+		/**
+		 * Override 'trigger' to queue 'change' and 'change:*' events
+		 */
+		trigger: function( eventName ) {
+			if ( eventName.length > 5 && 'change' === eventName.substr( 0, 6 ) ) {
+				var dit = this, args = arguments;
+				Backbone.Relational.eventQueue.add( function() {
+						Backbone.Model.prototype.trigger.apply( dit, args );
+					});
+			}
+			else {
+				Backbone.Model.prototype.trigger.apply( this, arguments );
+			}
+			
+			return this;
+		},
+		
+		/**
+		 * Initialize Relations present in this.relations; determine the type (HasOne/HasMany), then creates a new instance.
+		 * Invoked in the first call so 'set' (which is made from the Backbone.Model constructor).
+		 */
+		initializeRelations: function() {
+			this.acquire(); // Setting up relations often also involve calls to 'set', and we only want to enter this function once
+			this._relations = [];
+			
+			_.each( this.relations || [], function( rel ) {
+					var type = !_.isString( rel.type ) ? rel.type :	Backbone[ rel.type ] || Backbone.Relational.store.getObjectByName( rel.type );
+					if ( type && type.prototype instanceof Backbone.Relation ) {
+						new type( this, rel ); // Also pushes the new Relation into _relations
+					}
+					else {
+						Backbone.Relational.showWarnings && typeof console !== 'undefined' && console.warn( 'Relation=%o; missing or invalid type!', rel );
+					}
+				}, this );
+			
+			this._isInitialized = true;
+			this.release();
+			this.processQueue();
+		},
+
+		/**
+		 * When new values are set, notify this model's relations (also if options.silent is set).
+		 * (Relation.setRelated locks this model before calling 'set' on it to prevent loops)
+		 */
+		updateRelations: function( options ) {
+			if ( this._isInitialized && !this.isLocked() ) {
+				_.each( this._relations || [], function( rel ) {
+					// Update from data in `rel.keySource` if set, or `rel.key` otherwise
+					var val = this.attributes[ rel.keySource ] || this.attributes[ rel.key ];
+					if ( rel.related !== val ) {
+						this.trigger( 'relational:change:' + rel.key, this, val, options || {} );
+					}
+				}, this );
+			}
+		},
+		
+		/**
+		 * Either add to the queue (if we're not initialized yet), or execute right away.
+		 */
+		queue: function( func ) {
+			this._queue.add( func );
+		},
+		
+		/**
+		 * Process _queue
+		 */
+		processQueue: function() {
+			if ( this._isInitialized && !this._deferProcessing && this._queue.isBlocked() ) {
+				this._queue.unblock();
+			}
+		},
+		
+		/**
+		 * Get a specific relation.
+		 * @param key {string} The relation key to look for.
+		 * @return {Backbone.Relation} An instance of 'Backbone.Relation', if a relation was found for 'key', or null.
+		 */
+		getRelation: function( key ) {
+			return _.detect( this._relations, function( rel ) {
+				if ( rel.key === key ) {
+					return true;
+				}
+			}, this );
+		},
+		
+		/**
+		 * Get all of the created relations.
+		 * @return {Backbone.Relation[]}
+		 */
+		getRelations: function() {
+			return this._relations;
+		},
+		
+		/**
+		 * Retrieve related objects.
+		 * @param key {string} The relation key to fetch models for.
+		 * @param [options] {Object} Options for 'Backbone.Model.fetch' and 'Backbone.sync'.
+		 * @param [update=false] {boolean} Whether to force a fetch from the server (updating existing models).
+		 * @return {jQuery.when[]} An array of request objects
+		 */
+		fetchRelated: function( key, options, update ) {
+			options || ( options = {} );
+			var setUrl,
+				requests = [],
+				rel = this.getRelation( key ),
+				keyContents = rel && rel.keyContents,
+				toFetch = keyContents && _.select( _.isArray( keyContents ) ? keyContents : [ keyContents ], function( item ) {
+					var id = Backbone.Relational.store.resolveIdForItem( rel.relatedModel, item );
+					return !_.isNull( id ) && ( update || !Backbone.Relational.store.find( rel.relatedModel, id ) );
+				}, this );
+			
+			if ( toFetch && toFetch.length ) {
+				// Create a model for each entry in 'keyContents' that is to be fetched
+				var models = _.map( toFetch, function( item ) {
+					var model;
+
+					if ( _.isObject( item ) ) {
+						model = rel.relatedModel.build( item );
+					}
+					else {
+						var attrs = {};
+						attrs[ rel.relatedModel.prototype.idAttribute ] = item;
+						model = rel.relatedModel.build( attrs );
+					}
+
+					return model;
+				}, this );
+				
+				// Try if the 'collection' can provide a url to fetch a set of models in one request.
+				if ( rel.related instanceof Backbone.Collection && _.isFunction( rel.related.url ) ) {
+					setUrl = rel.related.url( models );
+				}
+				
+				// An assumption is that when 'Backbone.Collection.url' is a function, it can handle building of set urls.
+				// To make sure it can, test if the url we got by supplying a list of models to fetch is different from
+				// the one supplied for the default fetch action (without args to 'url').
+				if ( setUrl && setUrl !== rel.related.url() ) {
+					var opts = _.defaults(
+						{
+							error: function() {
+								var args = arguments;
+								_.each( models || [], function( model ) {
+										model.trigger( 'destroy', model, model.collection, options );
+										options.error && options.error.apply( model, args );
+									});
+							},
+							url: setUrl
+						},
+						options,
+						{ add: true }
+					);
+
+					requests = [ rel.related.fetch( opts ) ];
+				}
+				else {
+					requests = _.map( models || [], function( model ) {
+						var opts = _.defaults(
+							{
+								error: function() {
+									model.trigger( 'destroy', model, model.collection, options );
+									options.error && options.error.apply( model, arguments );
+								}
+							},
+							options
+						);
+						return model.fetch( opts );
+					}, this );
+				}
+			}
+			
+			return requests;
+		},
+		
+		set: function( key, value, options ) {
+			Backbone.Relational.eventQueue.block();
+			
+			// Duplicate backbone's behavior to allow separate key/value parameters, instead of a single 'attributes' object
+			var attributes;
+			if ( _.isObject( key ) || key == null ) {
+				attributes = key;
+				options = value;
+			}
+			else {
+				attributes = {};
+				attributes[ key ] = value;
+			}
+			
+			var result = Backbone.Model.prototype.set.apply( this, arguments );
+			
+			// Ideal place to set up relations :)
+			if ( !this._isInitialized && !this.isLocked() ) {
+				this.constructor.initializeModelHierarchy();
+
+				Backbone.Relational.store.register( this );
+
+				this.initializeRelations();
+			}
+			// Update the 'idAttribute' in Backbone.store if; we don't want it to miss an 'id' update due to {silent:true}
+			else if ( attributes && this.idAttribute in attributes ) {
+				Backbone.Relational.store.update( this );
+			}
+			
+			if ( attributes ) {
+				this.updateRelations( options );
+			}
+			
+			// Try to run the global queue holding external events
+			Backbone.Relational.eventQueue.unblock();
+			
+			return result;
+		},
+		
+		unset: function( attribute, options ) {
+			Backbone.Relational.eventQueue.block();
+			
+			var result = Backbone.Model.prototype.unset.apply( this, arguments );
+			this.updateRelations( options );
+			
+			// Try to run the global queue holding external events
+			Backbone.Relational.eventQueue.unblock();
+			
+			return result;
+		},
+		
+		clear: function( options ) {
+			Backbone.Relational.eventQueue.block();
+			
+			var result = Backbone.Model.prototype.clear.apply( this, arguments );
+			this.updateRelations( options );
+			
+			// Try to run the global queue holding external events
+			Backbone.Relational.eventQueue.unblock();
+			
+			return result;
+		},
+		
+		/**
+		 * Override 'change', so the change will only execute after 'set' has finised (relations are updated),
+		 * and 'previousAttributes' will be available when the event is fired.
+		 */
+		change: function( options ) {
+			var dit = this, args = arguments;
+			Backbone.Relational.eventQueue.add( function() {
+					Backbone.Model.prototype.change.apply( dit, args );
+				});
+		},
+
+		clone: function() {
+			var attributes = _.clone( this.attributes );
+			if ( !_.isUndefined( attributes[ this.idAttribute ] ) ) {
+				attributes[ this.idAttribute ] = null;
+			}
+
+			_.each( this.getRelations() || [], function( rel ) {
+					delete attributes[ rel.key ];
+				});
+
+			return new this.constructor( attributes );
+		},
+		
+		/**
+		 * Convert relations to JSON, omits them when required
+		 */
+		toJSON: function() {
+			// If this Model has already been fully serialized in this branch once, return to avoid loops
+			if ( this.isLocked() ) {
+				return this.id;
+			}
+			
+			this.acquire();
+			var json = Backbone.Model.prototype.toJSON.call( this );
+			
+			if ( this.constructor._superModel && !( this.constructor._subModelTypeAttribute in json ) ) {
+				json[ this.constructor._subModelTypeAttribute ] = this.constructor._subModelTypeValue;
+			}
+			
+			_.each( this._relations || [], function( rel ) {
+					var value = json[ rel.key ];
+
+					if ( rel.options.includeInJSON === true) {
+						if ( value && _.isFunction( value.toJSON ) ) {
+							json[ rel.keyDestination ] = value.toJSON();
+						}
+						else {
+							json[ rel.keyDestination ] = null;
+						}
+					}
+					else if ( _.isString( rel.options.includeInJSON ) ) {
+						if ( value instanceof Backbone.Collection ) {
+							json[ rel.keyDestination ] = value.pluck( rel.options.includeInJSON );
+						}
+						else if ( value instanceof Backbone.Model ) {
+							json[ rel.keyDestination ] = value.get( rel.options.includeInJSON );
+						}	
+						else {
+							json[ rel.keyDestination ] = null;
+						}
+					}
+					else if ( _.isArray( rel.options.includeInJSON ) ) {
+						if ( value instanceof Backbone.Collection ) {
+							var valueSub = [];
+							value.each( function( model ) {
+								var curJson = {};
+								_.each( rel.options.includeInJSON, function( key ) {
+									curJson[ key ] = model.get( key );
+								});
+								valueSub.push( curJson );
+							});
+							json[ rel.keyDestination ] = valueSub;
+						}
+						else if ( value instanceof Backbone.Model ) {
+							var valueSub = {};
+							_.each( rel.options.includeInJSON, function( key ) {
+								valueSub[ key ] = value.get( key );
+							});
+							json[ rel.keyDestination ] = valueSub;
+						}
+						else {
+							json[ rel.keyDestination ] = null;
+						}
+					}
+					else {
+						delete json[ rel.key ];
+					}
+
+					if ( rel.keyDestination !== rel.key ) {
+						delete json[ rel.key ];
+					}
+				});
+			
+			this.release();
+			return json;
+		}
+	},
+	{
+		setup: function( superModel ) {
+			// We don't want to share a relations array with a parent, as this will cause problems with
+			// reverse relations.
+			this.prototype.relations = ( this.prototype.relations || [] ).slice( 0 );
+
+			this._subModels = {};
+			this._superModel = null;
+
+			// If this model has 'subModelTypes' itself, remember them in the store
+			if ( this.prototype.hasOwnProperty( 'subModelTypes' ) ) {
+				Backbone.Relational.store.addSubModels( this.prototype.subModelTypes, this );
+			}
+			// The 'subModelTypes' property should not be inherited, so reset it.
+			else {
+				this.prototype.subModelTypes = null;
+			}
+
+			// Initialize all reverseRelations that belong to this new model.
+			_.each( this.prototype.relations || [], function( rel ) {
+					if ( !rel.model ) {
+						rel.model = this;
+					}
+
+					if ( rel.reverseRelation && rel.model === this ) {				
+						var preInitialize = true;
+						if ( _.isString( rel.relatedModel ) ) {
+							/**
+							 * The related model might not be defined for two reasons
+							 *  1. it never gets defined, e.g. a typo
+							 *  2. it is related to itself
+							 * In neither of these cases do we need to pre-initialize reverse relations.
+							 */
+							var relatedModel = Backbone.Relational.store.getObjectByName( rel.relatedModel );
+							preInitialize = relatedModel && ( relatedModel.prototype instanceof Backbone.RelationalModel );
+						}
+
+						var type = !_.isString( rel.type ) ? rel.type : Backbone[ rel.type ] || Backbone.Relational.store.getObjectByName( rel.type );
+						if ( preInitialize && type && type.prototype instanceof Backbone.Relation ) {
+							new type( null, rel );
+						}
+					}
+				}, this );
+			
+			return this;
+		},
+
+		/**
+		 * Create a 'Backbone.Model' instance based on 'attributes'.
+		 * @param {Object} attributes
+		 * @param {Object} [options]
+		 * @return {Backbone.Model}
+		 */
+		build: function( attributes, options ) {
+			var model = this;
+
+			// 'build' is a possible entrypoint; it's possible no model hierarchy has been determined yet.
+			this.initializeModelHierarchy();
+
+			// Determine what type of (sub)model should be built if applicable.
+			// Lookup the proper subModelType in 'this._subModels'.
+			if ( this._subModels && this.prototype.subModelTypeAttribute in attributes ) {
+				var subModelTypeAttribute = attributes[ this.prototype.subModelTypeAttribute ];
+				var subModelType = this._subModels[ subModelTypeAttribute ];
+				if ( subModelType ) {
+					model = subModelType;
+				}
+			}
+			
+			return new model( attributes, options );
+		},
+
+		initializeModelHierarchy: function() {
+			// If we're here for the first time, try to determine if this modelType has a 'superModel'.
+			if ( _.isUndefined( this._superModel ) || _.isNull( this._superModel ) ) {
+				Backbone.Relational.store.setupSuperModel( this );
+
+				// If a superModel has been found, copy relations from the _superModel if they haven't been
+				// inherited automatically (due to a redefinition of 'relations').
+				// Otherwise, make sure we don't get here again for this type by making '_superModel' false so we fail
+				// the isUndefined/isNull check next time.
+				if ( this._superModel ) {
+					//
+					if ( this._superModel.prototype.relations ) {
+						var supermodelRelationsExist = _.any( this.prototype.relations || [], function( rel ) {
+							return rel.model && rel.model !== this;
+						}, this );
+
+						if ( !supermodelRelationsExist ) {
+							this.prototype.relations = this._superModel.prototype.relations.concat( this.prototype.relations );
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				else {
+					this._superModel = false;
+				}
+			}
+
+			// If we came here through 'build' for a model that has 'subModelTypes', and not all of them have been resolved yet, try to resolve each.
+			if ( this.prototype.subModelTypes && _.keys( this.prototype.subModelTypes ).length !== _.keys( this._subModels ).length ) {
+				_.each( this.prototype.subModelTypes || [], function( subModelTypeName ) {
+					var subModelType = Backbone.Relational.store.getObjectByName( subModelTypeName );
+					subModelType && subModelType.initializeModelHierarchy();
+				});
+			}
+		},
+
+		/**
+		 * Find an instance of `this` type in 'Backbone.Relational.store'.
+		 * - If `attributes` is a string or a number, `findOrCreate` will just query the `store` and return a model if found.
+		 * - If `attributes` is an object, the model will be updated with `attributes` if found.
+		 *   Otherwise, a new model is created with `attributes` (unless `options.create` is explicitly set to `false`).
+		 * @param {Object|String|Number} attributes Either a model's id, or the attributes used to create or update a model.
+		 * @param {Object} [options]
+		 * @param {Boolean} [options.create=true]
+		 * @return {Backbone.RelationalModel}
+		 */
+		findOrCreate: function( attributes, options ) {
+			// Try to find an instance of 'this' model type in the store
+			var model = Backbone.Relational.store.find( this, attributes );
+
+			// If we found an instance, update it with the data in 'item'; if not, create an instance
+			// (unless 'options.create' is false).
+			if ( _.isObject( attributes ) ) {
+				if ( model ) {
+					model.set( model.parse ? model.parse( attributes ) : attributes, options );
+				}
+				else if ( !options || ( options && options.create !== false ) ) {
+					model = this.build( attributes, options );
+				}
+			}
+
+			return model;
+		}
+	});
+	_.extend( Backbone.RelationalModel.prototype, Backbone.Semaphore );
+	
+	/**
+	 * Override Backbone.Collection._prepareModel, so objects will be built using the correct type
+	 * if the collection.model has subModels.
+	 */
+	Backbone.Collection.prototype.__prepareModel = Backbone.Collection.prototype._prepareModel;
+	Backbone.Collection.prototype._prepareModel = function ( model, options ) {
+		options || (options = {});
+		if ( !( model instanceof Backbone.Model ) ) {
+			var attrs = model;
+			options.collection = this;
+
+			if ( typeof this.model.findOrCreate !== 'undefined' ) {
+				model = this.model.findOrCreate( attrs, options );
+			}
+			else {
+				model = new this.model( attrs, options );
+			}
+			
+			if ( !model._validate( model.attributes, options ) ) {
+				model = false;
+			}
+		}
+		else if ( !model.collection ) {
+			model.collection = this;
+		}
+		
+		return model;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Override Backbone.Collection.add, so objects fetched from the server multiple times will
+	 * update the existing Model. Also, trigger 'relational:add'.
+	 */
+	var add = Backbone.Collection.prototype.__add = Backbone.Collection.prototype.add;
+	Backbone.Collection.prototype.add = function( models, options ) {
+		options || (options = {});
+		if ( !_.isArray( models ) ) {
+			models = [ models ];
+		}
+
+		var modelsToAdd = [];
+
+		//console.debug( 'calling add on coll=%o; model=%o, options=%o', this, models, options );
+		_.each( models || [], function( model ) {
+			if ( !( model instanceof Backbone.Model ) ) {
+				// `_prepareModel` attempts to find `model` in Backbone.store through `findOrCreate`,
+				// and sets the new properties on it if is found. Otherwise, a new model is instantiated.
+				model = Backbone.Collection.prototype._prepareModel.call( this, model, options );
+			}
+
+			if ( model instanceof Backbone.Model && !this.get( model ) && !this.getByCid( model ) ) {
+				modelsToAdd.push( model );
+			}
+		}, this );
+
+
+		// Add 'models' in a single batch, so the original add will only be called once (and thus 'sort', etc).
+		if ( modelsToAdd.length ) {
+			add.call( this, modelsToAdd, options );
+
+			_.each( modelsToAdd || [], function( model ) {
+				this.trigger( 'relational:add', model, this, options );
+			}, this );
+		}
+		
+		return this;
+	};
+	
+	/**
+	 * Override 'Backbone.Collection.remove' to trigger 'relational:remove'.
+	 */
+	var remove = Backbone.Collection.prototype.__remove = Backbone.Collection.prototype.remove;
+	Backbone.Collection.prototype.remove = function( models, options ) {
+		options || (options = {});
+		if ( !_.isArray( models ) ) {
+			models = [ models ];
+		}
+		else {
+			models = models.slice( 0 );
+		}
+
+		//console.debug('calling remove on coll=%o; models=%o, options=%o', this, models, options );
+		_.each( models || [], function( model ) {
+				model = this.getByCid( model ) || this.get( model );
+
+				if ( model instanceof Backbone.Model ) {
+					remove.call( this, model, options );
+					this.trigger('relational:remove', model, this, options);
+				}
+			}, this );
+		
+		return this;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Override 'Backbone.Collection.reset' to trigger 'relational:reset'.
+	 */
+	var reset = Backbone.Collection.prototype.__reset = Backbone.Collection.prototype.reset;
+	Backbone.Collection.prototype.reset = function( models, options ) {
+		reset.call( this, models, options );
+		this.trigger( 'relational:reset', this, options );
+
+		return this;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Override 'Backbone.Collection.sort' to trigger 'relational:reset'.
+	 */
+	var sort = Backbone.Collection.prototype.__sort = Backbone.Collection.prototype.sort;
+	Backbone.Collection.prototype.sort = function( options ) {
+		sort.call( this, options );
+		this.trigger( 'relational:reset', this, options );
+
+		return this;
+	};
+	
+	/**
+	 * Override 'Backbone.Collection.trigger' so 'add', 'remove' and 'reset' events are queued until relations
+	 * are ready.
+	 */
+	var trigger = Backbone.Collection.prototype.__trigger = Backbone.Collection.prototype.trigger;
+	Backbone.Collection.prototype.trigger = function( eventName ) {
+		if ( eventName === 'add' || eventName === 'remove' || eventName === 'reset' ) {
+			var dit = this, args = arguments;
+			
+			if (eventName === 'add') {
+				args = _.toArray(args);
+				// the fourth argument in case of a regular add is the option object.
+				// we need to clone it, as it could be modified while we wait on the eventQueue to be unblocked
+				if (_.isObject(args[3])) {
+					args[3] = _.clone(args[3]);
+				}
+			}
+			
+			Backbone.Relational.eventQueue.add( function() {
+					trigger.apply( dit, args );
+				});
+		}
+		else {
+			trigger.apply( this, arguments );
+		}
+		
+		return this;
+	};
+
+	// Override .extend() to automatically call .setup()
+	Backbone.RelationalModel.extend = function( protoProps, classProps ) {
+		var child = Backbone.Model.extend.apply( this, arguments );
+		
+		child.setup( this );
+
+		return child;
+	};
+})();