RubyGems - challah - Versions diffs - 1.0.0 → 1.1.0 - Mend

challah 1.0.0 → 1.1.0

Files changed (5128) hide show

data/vendor/bundle/gems/yard-0.8.6.1/spec/parser/examples/array.c.txt DELETED Viewed

@@ -1,3887 +0,0 @@
-/**********************************************************************
-  array.c -
-  $Author: yugui $
-  created at: Fri Aug  6 09:46:12 JST 1993
-  Copyright (C) 1993-2007 Yukihiro Matsumoto
-  Copyright (C) 2000  Network Applied Communication Laboratory, Inc.
-  Copyright (C) 2000  Information-technology Promotion Agency, Japan
-**********************************************************************/
-#include "ruby/ruby.h"
-#include "ruby/util.h"
-#include "ruby/st.h"
-#ifndef ARRAY_DEBUG
-# define NDEBUG
-#endif
-#include <assert.h>
-VALUE rb_cArray;
-static ID id_cmp;
-#define ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE 16
-#define ARY_MAX_SIZE (LONG_MAX / sizeof(VALUE))
-void
-rb_mem_clear(register VALUE *mem, register long size)
-{
-    while (size--) {
-	*mem++ = Qnil;
-    }
-}
-static inline void
-memfill(register VALUE *mem, register long size, register VALUE val)
-{
-    while (size--) {
-	*mem++ = val;
-    }
-}
-# define ARY_SHARED_P(ary) \
-    (assert(!FL_TEST(ary, ELTS_SHARED) || !FL_TEST(ary, RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG)), \
-     FL_TEST(ary,ELTS_SHARED))
-# define ARY_EMBED_P(ary) \
-    (assert(!FL_TEST(ary, ELTS_SHARED) || !FL_TEST(ary, RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG)), \
-     FL_TEST(ary, RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG))
-#define ARY_HEAP_PTR(a) (assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(a)), RARRAY(a)->as.heap.ptr)
-#define ARY_HEAP_LEN(a) (assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(a)), RARRAY(a)->as.heap.len)
-#define ARY_EMBED_PTR(a) (assert(ARY_EMBED_P(a)), RARRAY(a)->as.ary)
-#define ARY_EMBED_LEN(a) \
-    (assert(ARY_EMBED_P(a)), \
-     (long)((RBASIC(a)->flags >> RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT) & \
-	 (RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MASK >> RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT)))
-#define ARY_OWNS_HEAP_P(a) (!FL_TEST(a, ELTS_SHARED|RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG))
-#define FL_SET_EMBED(a) do { \
-    assert(!ARY_SHARED_P(a)); \
-    assert(!OBJ_FROZEN(a)); \
-    FL_SET(a, RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG); \
-} while (0)
-#define FL_UNSET_EMBED(ary) FL_UNSET(ary, RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG|RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MASK)
-#define FL_SET_SHARED(ary) do { \
-    assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(ary)); \
-    FL_SET(ary, ELTS_SHARED); \
-} while (0)
-#define FL_UNSET_SHARED(ary) FL_UNSET(ary, ELTS_SHARED)
-#define ARY_SET_PTR(ary, p) do { \
-    assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(ary)); \
-    assert(!OBJ_FROZEN(ary)); \
-    RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.ptr = (p); \
-} while (0)
-#define ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(ary, n) do { \
-    long tmp_n = n; \
-    assert(ARY_EMBED_P(ary)); \
-    assert(!OBJ_FROZEN(ary)); \
-    RBASIC(ary)->flags &= ~RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MASK; \
-    RBASIC(ary)->flags |= (tmp_n) << RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT; \
-} while (0)
-#define ARY_SET_HEAP_LEN(ary, n) do { \
-    assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(ary)); \
-    RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.len = n; \
-} while (0)
-#define ARY_SET_LEN(ary, n) do { \
-    if (ARY_EMBED_P(ary)) { \
-        ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(ary, n); \
-    } \
-    else { \
-        ARY_SET_HEAP_LEN(ary, n); \
-    } \
-    assert(RARRAY_LEN(ary) == n); \
-} while (0)
-#define ARY_INCREASE_PTR(ary, n) do  { \
-    assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(ary)); \
-    assert(!OBJ_FROZEN(ary)); \
-    RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.ptr += n; \
-} while (0)
-#define ARY_INCREASE_LEN(ary, n) do  { \
-    assert(!OBJ_FROZEN(ary)); \
-    if (ARY_EMBED_P(ary)) { \
-        ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(ary, RARRAY_LEN(ary)+n); \
-    } \
-    else { \
-        RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.len += n; \
-    } \
-} while (0)
-#define ARY_CAPA(ary) (ARY_EMBED_P(ary) ? RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX : \
-		       ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(ary) ? RARRAY_LEN(ary) : RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.capa)
-#define ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, n) do { \
-    assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(ary)); \
-    assert(!ARY_SHARED_P(ary)); \
-    assert(!OBJ_FROZEN(ary)); \
-    RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.capa = (n); \
-} while (0)
-#define ARY_SHARED(ary) (assert(ARY_SHARED_P(ary)), RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.shared)
-#define ARY_SET_SHARED(ary, value) do { \
-    assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(ary)); \
-    assert(ARY_SHARED_P(ary)); \
-    assert(ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(value)); \
-    RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.shared = (value); \
-} while (0)
-#define RARRAY_SHARED_ROOT_FLAG FL_USER5
-#define ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(ary) (FL_TEST(ary, RARRAY_SHARED_ROOT_FLAG))
-#define ARY_SHARED_NUM(ary) \
-    (assert(ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(ary)), RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.capa)
-#define ARY_SET_SHARED_NUM(ary, value) do { \
-    assert(ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(ary)); \
-    RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.capa = (value); \
-} while (0)
-#define FL_SET_SHARED_ROOT(ary) do { \
-    assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(ary)); \
-    FL_SET(ary, RARRAY_SHARED_ROOT_FLAG); \
-} while (0)
-static void
-ary_resize_capa(VALUE ary, long capacity)
-{
-    assert(RARRAY_LEN(ary) <= capacity);
-    assert(!OBJ_FROZEN(ary));
-    assert(!ARY_SHARED_P(ary));
-    if (capacity > RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
-        if (ARY_EMBED_P(ary)) {
-            long len = ARY_EMBED_LEN(ary);
-            VALUE *ptr = ALLOC_N(VALUE, (capacity));
-            MEMCPY(ptr, ARY_EMBED_PTR(ary), VALUE, len);
-            FL_UNSET_EMBED(ary);
-            ARY_SET_PTR(ary, ptr);
-            ARY_SET_HEAP_LEN(ary, len);
-        }
-        else {
-            REALLOC_N(RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.ptr, VALUE, (capacity));
-        }
-        ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, (capacity));
-    }
-    else {
-        if (!ARY_EMBED_P(ary)) {
-            long len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-            VALUE *ptr = RARRAY_PTR(ary);
-            MEMCPY(RARRAY(ary)->as.ary, ptr, VALUE, len);
-            FL_SET_EMBED(ary);
-            ARY_SET_LEN(ary, len);
-            xfree(ptr);
-        }
-    }
-}
-static void
-rb_ary_decrement_share(VALUE shared)
-{
-    if (shared) {
-	int num = ARY_SHARED_NUM(shared) - 1;
-	if (num == 0) {
-	    rb_ary_free(shared);
-	    rb_gc_force_recycle(shared);
-	}
-	else if (num > 0) {
-	    ARY_SET_SHARED_NUM(shared, num);
-	}
-    }
-}
-static void
-rb_ary_unshare(VALUE ary)
-{
-    VALUE shared = RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.shared;
-    rb_ary_decrement_share(shared);
-    FL_UNSET_SHARED(ary);
-}
-static inline void
-rb_ary_unshare_safe(VALUE ary) {
-    if (ARY_SHARED_P(ary) && !ARY_EMBED_P(ary)) {
-	rb_ary_unshare(ary);
-    }
-}
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_increment_share(VALUE shared) {
-    int num = ARY_SHARED_NUM(shared);
-    if (num >= 0) {
-	ARY_SET_SHARED_NUM(shared, num + 1);
-    }
-    return shared;
-}
-static void
-rb_ary_set_shared(VALUE ary, VALUE shared)
-{
-    rb_ary_increment_share(shared);
-    FL_SET_SHARED(ary);
-    ARY_SET_SHARED(ary, shared);
-}
-static inline void
-rb_ary_modify_check(VALUE ary)
-{
-    if (OBJ_FROZEN(ary)) rb_error_frozen("array");
-    if (!OBJ_UNTRUSTED(ary) && rb_safe_level() >= 4)
-	rb_raise(rb_eSecurityError, "Insecure: can't modify array");
-}
-static void
-rb_ary_modify(VALUE ary)
-{
-    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
-    if (ARY_SHARED_P(ary)) {
-        long len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-        if (len <= RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
-            VALUE *ptr = ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary);
-            VALUE shared = ARY_SHARED(ary);
-            FL_UNSET_SHARED(ary);
-            FL_SET_EMBED(ary);
-            MEMCPY(ARY_EMBED_PTR(ary), ptr, VALUE, len);
-            rb_ary_decrement_share(shared);
-            ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(ary, len);
-        }
-        else {
-            VALUE *ptr = ALLOC_N(VALUE, len);
-            MEMCPY(ptr, RARRAY_PTR(ary), VALUE, len);
-            rb_ary_unshare(ary);
-            ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, len);
-            ARY_SET_PTR(ary, ptr);
-        }
-    }
-}
-VALUE
-rb_ary_freeze(VALUE ary)
-{
-    return rb_obj_freeze(ary);
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.frozen?  -> true or false
- *
- *  Return <code>true</code> if this array is frozen (or temporarily frozen
- *  while being sorted).
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_frozen_p(VALUE ary)
-{
-    if (OBJ_FROZEN(ary)) return Qtrue;
-    return Qfalse;
-}
-static VALUE
-ary_alloc(VALUE klass)
-{
-    NEWOBJ(ary, struct RArray);
-    OBJSETUP(ary, klass, T_ARRAY);
-    FL_SET_EMBED((VALUE)ary);
-    ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN((VALUE)ary, 0);
-    return (VALUE)ary;
-}
-static VALUE
-ary_new(VALUE klass, long len)
-{
-    VALUE ary;
-    if (len < 0) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "negative array size (or size too big)");
-    }
-    if (len > ARY_MAX_SIZE) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "array size too big");
-    }
-    ary = ary_alloc(klass);
-    if (len > RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
-        FL_UNSET_EMBED(ary);
-        ARY_SET_PTR(ary, ALLOC_N(VALUE, len));
-        ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, len);
-        ARY_SET_HEAP_LEN(ary, 0);
-    }
-    return ary;
-}
-VALUE
-rb_ary_new2(long len)
-{
-    return ary_new(rb_cArray, len);
-}
-VALUE
-rb_ary_new(void)
-{
-    return rb_ary_new2(RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX);
-}
-#include <stdarg.h>
-VALUE
-rb_ary_new3(long n, ...)
-{
-    va_list ar;
-    VALUE ary;
-    long i;
-    ary = rb_ary_new2(n);
-    va_start(ar, n);
-    for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
-	RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i] = va_arg(ar, VALUE);
-    }
-    va_end(ar);
-    ARY_SET_LEN(ary, n);
-    return ary;
-}
-VALUE
-rb_ary_new4(long n, const VALUE *elts)
-{
-    VALUE ary;
-    ary = rb_ary_new2(n);
-    if (n > 0 && elts) {
-	MEMCPY(RARRAY_PTR(ary), elts, VALUE, n);
-	ARY_SET_LEN(ary, n);
-    }
-    return ary;
-}
-VALUE
-rb_ary_tmp_new(long len)
-{
-    return ary_new(0, len);
-}
-void
-rb_ary_free(VALUE ary)
-{
-    if (ARY_OWNS_HEAP_P(ary)) {
-	xfree(RARRAY_PTR(ary));
-    }
-}
-static VALUE
-ary_make_shared(VALUE ary)
-{
-    assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(ary));
-    if (ARY_SHARED_P(ary)) {
-	return ARY_SHARED(ary);
-    }
-    else {
-	NEWOBJ(shared, struct RArray);
-	OBJSETUP(shared, 0, T_ARRAY);
-        FL_UNSET_EMBED(shared);
-        ARY_SET_LEN((VALUE)shared, RARRAY_LEN(ary));
-        ARY_SET_PTR((VALUE)shared, RARRAY_PTR(ary));
-	FL_SET_SHARED_ROOT(shared);
-	ARY_SET_SHARED_NUM((VALUE)shared, 1);
-	FL_SET_SHARED(ary);
-	ARY_SET_SHARED(ary, (VALUE)shared);
-	OBJ_FREEZE(shared);
-	return (VALUE)shared;
-    }
-}
-static VALUE
-ary_make_substitution(VALUE ary)
-{
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) <= RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
-        VALUE subst = rb_ary_new2(RARRAY_LEN(ary));
-        MEMCPY(ARY_EMBED_PTR(subst), RARRAY_PTR(ary), VALUE, RARRAY_LEN(ary));
-        ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(subst, RARRAY_LEN(ary));
-        return subst;
-    }
-    else {
-        return rb_ary_increment_share(ary_make_shared(ary));
-    }
-}
-VALUE
-rb_assoc_new(VALUE car, VALUE cdr)
-{
-    return rb_ary_new3(2, car, cdr);
-}
-static VALUE
-to_ary(VALUE ary)
-{
-    return rb_convert_type(ary, T_ARRAY, "Array", "to_ary");
-}
-VALUE
-rb_check_array_type(VALUE ary)
-{
-    return rb_check_convert_type(ary, T_ARRAY, "Array", "to_ary");
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     Array.try_convert(obj) -> array or nil
- *
- *  Try to convert <i>obj</i> into an array, using to_ary method.
- *  Returns converted array or nil if <i>obj</i> cannot be converted
- *  for any reason.  This method is to check if an argument is an
- *  array.
- *
- *     Array.try_convert([1])   # => [1]
- *     Array.try_convert("1")   # => nil
- *
- *     if tmp = Array.try_convert(arg)
- *       # the argument is an array
- *     elsif tmp = String.try_convert(arg)
- *       # the argument is a string
- *     end
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_s_try_convert(VALUE dummy, VALUE ary)
-{
-    return rb_check_array_type(ary);
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     Array.new(size=0, obj=nil)
- *     Array.new(array)
- *     Array.new(size) {|index| block }
- *
- *  Returns a new array. In the first form, the new array is
- *  empty. In the second it is created with _size_ copies of _obj_
- *  (that is, _size_ references to the same
- *  _obj_). The third form creates a copy of the array
- *  passed as a parameter (the array is generated by calling
- *  to_ary  on the parameter). In the last form, an array
- *  of the given size is created. Each element in this array is
- *  calculated by passing the element's index to the given block and
- *  storing the return value.
- *
- *     Array.new
- *     Array.new(2)
- *     Array.new(5, "A")
- *
- *     # only one copy of the object is created
- *     a = Array.new(2, Hash.new)
- *     a[0]['cat'] = 'feline'
- *     a
- *     a[1]['cat'] = 'Felix'
- *     a
- *
- *     # here multiple copies are created
- *     a = Array.new(2) { Hash.new }
- *     a[0]['cat'] = 'feline'
- *     a
- *
- *     squares = Array.new(5) {|i| i*i}
- *     squares
- *
- *     copy = Array.new(squares)
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
-{
-    long len;
-    VALUE size, val;
-    rb_ary_modify(ary);
-    if (argc ==  0) {
-	if (ARY_OWNS_HEAP_P(ary) && RARRAY_PTR(ary)) {
-	    xfree(RARRAY_PTR(ary));
-	}
-        rb_ary_unshare_safe(ary);
-        FL_SET_EMBED(ary);
-	ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(ary, 0);
-	if (rb_block_given_p()) {
-	    rb_warning("given block not used");
-	}
-	return ary;
-    }
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &size, &val);
-    if (argc == 1 && !FIXNUM_P(size)) {
-	val = rb_check_array_type(size);
-	if (!NIL_P(val)) {
-	    rb_ary_replace(ary, val);
-	    return ary;
-	}
-    }
-    len = NUM2LONG(size);
-    if (len < 0) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "negative array size");
-    }
-    if (len > ARY_MAX_SIZE) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "array size too big");
-    }
-    rb_ary_modify(ary);
-    ary_resize_capa(ary, len);
-    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
-	long i;
-	if (argc == 2) {
-	    rb_warn("block supersedes default value argument");
-	}
-	for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
-	    rb_ary_store(ary, i, rb_yield(LONG2NUM(i)));
-	    ARY_SET_LEN(ary, i + 1);
-	}
-    }
-    else {
-	memfill(RARRAY_PTR(ary), len, val);
-	ARY_SET_LEN(ary, len);
-    }
-    return ary;
-}
-/*
-* Returns a new array populated with the given objects.
-*
-*   Array.[]( 1, 'a', /^A/ )
-*   Array[ 1, 'a', /^A/ ]
-*   [ 1, 'a', /^A/ ]
-*/
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_s_create(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
-{
-    VALUE ary = ary_new(klass, argc);
-    if (argc > 0 && argv) {
-        MEMCPY(RARRAY_PTR(ary), argv, VALUE, argc);
-        ARY_SET_LEN(ary, argc);
-    }
-    return ary;
-}
-void
-rb_ary_store(VALUE ary, long idx, VALUE val)
-{
-    if (idx < 0) {
-	idx += RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-	if (idx < 0) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "index %ld out of array",
-		     idx - RARRAY_LEN(ary));
-	}
-    }
-    else if (idx >= ARY_MAX_SIZE) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "index %ld too big", idx);
-    }
-    rb_ary_modify(ary);
-    if (idx >= ARY_CAPA(ary)) {
-	long new_capa = ARY_CAPA(ary) / 2;
-	if (new_capa < ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE) {
-	    new_capa = ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE;
-	}
-	if (new_capa >= ARY_MAX_SIZE - idx) {
-	    new_capa = (ARY_MAX_SIZE - idx) / 2;
-	}
-	new_capa += idx;
-	ary_resize_capa(ary, new_capa);
-    }
-    if (idx > RARRAY_LEN(ary)) {
-	rb_mem_clear(RARRAY_PTR(ary) + RARRAY_LEN(ary),
-		     idx-RARRAY_LEN(ary) + 1);
-    }
-    if (idx >= RARRAY_LEN(ary)) {
-	ARY_SET_LEN(ary, idx + 1);
-    }
-    RARRAY_PTR(ary)[idx] = val;
-}
-static VALUE
-ary_make_partial(VALUE ary, VALUE klass, long offset, long len)
-{
-    assert(offset >= 0);
-    assert(len >= 0);
-    assert(offset+len <= RARRAY_LEN(ary));
-    if (len <= RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
-        VALUE result = ary_alloc(klass);
-        MEMCPY(ARY_EMBED_PTR(result), RARRAY_PTR(ary) + offset, VALUE, len);
-        ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(result, len);
-        return result;
-    }
-    else {
-        VALUE shared, result = ary_alloc(klass);
-        FL_UNSET_EMBED(result);
-        shared = ary_make_shared(ary);
-        ARY_SET_PTR(result, RARRAY_PTR(ary));
-        ARY_SET_LEN(result, RARRAY_LEN(ary));
-        rb_ary_set_shared(result, shared);
-        ARY_INCREASE_PTR(result, offset);
-        ARY_SET_LEN(result, len);
-        return result;
-    }
-}
-static VALUE
-ary_make_shared_copy(VALUE ary)
-{
-    return ary_make_partial(ary, rb_obj_class(ary), 0, RARRAY_LEN(ary));
-}
-enum ary_take_pos_flags
-{
-    ARY_TAKE_FIRST = 0,
-    ARY_TAKE_LAST = 1
-};
-static VALUE
-ary_take_first_or_last(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary, enum ary_take_pos_flags last)
-{
-    VALUE nv;
-    long n;
-    long offset = 0;
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1", &nv);
-    n = NUM2LONG(nv);
-    if (n > RARRAY_LEN(ary)) {
-	n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-    }
-    else if (n < 0) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "negative array size");
-    }
-    if (last) {
-	offset = RARRAY_LEN(ary) - n;
-    }
-    return ary_make_partial(ary, rb_cArray, offset, n);
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array << obj            -> array
- *
- *  Append---Pushes the given object on to the end of this array. This
- *  expression returns the array itself, so several appends
- *  may be chained together.
- *
- *     [ 1, 2 ] << "c" << "d" << [ 3, 4 ]
- *             #=>  [ 1, 2, "c", "d", [ 3, 4 ] ]
- *
- */
-VALUE
-rb_ary_push(VALUE ary, VALUE item)
-{
-    rb_ary_store(ary, RARRAY_LEN(ary), item);
-    return ary;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.push(obj, ... )   -> array
- *
- *  Append---Pushes the given object(s) on to the end of this array. This
- *  expression returns the array itself, so several appends
- *  may be chained together.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.push("d", "e", "f")
- *             #=> ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f"]
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_push_m(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
-{
-    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
-    while (argc--) {
-	rb_ary_push(ary, *argv++);
-    }
-    return ary;
-}
-VALUE
-rb_ary_pop(VALUE ary)
-{
-    long n;
-    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == 0) return Qnil;
-    if (ARY_OWNS_HEAP_P(ary) &&
-	RARRAY_LEN(ary) * 3 < ARY_CAPA(ary) &&
-	ARY_CAPA(ary) > ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE)
-    {
-	ary_resize_capa(ary, RARRAY_LEN(ary) * 2);
-    }
-    n = RARRAY_LEN(ary)-1;
-    ARY_SET_LEN(ary, n);
-    return RARRAY_PTR(ary)[n];
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.pop    -> obj or nil
- *     array.pop(n) -> array
- *
- *  Removes the last element from <i>self</i> and returns it, or
- *  <code>nil</code> if the array is empty.
- *
- *  If a number _n_ is given, returns an array of the last n elements
- *  (or less) just like <code>array.slice!(-n, n)</code> does.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
- *     a.pop     #=> "d"
- *     a.pop(2)  #=> ["b", "c"]
- *     a         #=> ["a"]
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_pop_m(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
-{
-    VALUE result;
-    if (argc == 0) {
-	return rb_ary_pop(ary);
-    }
-    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
-    result = ary_take_first_or_last(argc, argv, ary, ARY_TAKE_LAST);
-    ARY_INCREASE_LEN(ary, -RARRAY_LEN(result));
-    return result;
-}
-VALUE
-rb_ary_shift(VALUE ary)
-{
-    VALUE top;
-    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == 0) return Qnil;
-    top = RARRAY_PTR(ary)[0];
-    if (!ARY_SHARED_P(ary)) {
-	if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) < ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE) {
-	    MEMMOVE(RARRAY_PTR(ary), RARRAY_PTR(ary)+1, VALUE, RARRAY_LEN(ary)-1);
-            ARY_INCREASE_LEN(ary, -1);
-	    return top;
-	}
-        assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(ary)); /* ARY_EMBED_LEN_MAX < ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE */
-	RARRAY_PTR(ary)[0] = Qnil;
-	ary_make_shared(ary);
-    }
-    ARY_INCREASE_PTR(ary, 1);		/* shift ptr */
-    ARY_INCREASE_LEN(ary, -1);
-    return top;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.shift    -> obj or nil
- *     array.shift(n) -> array
- *
- *  Returns the first element of <i>self</i> and removes it (shifting all
- *  other elements down by one). Returns <code>nil</code> if the array
- *  is empty.
- *
- *  If a number _n_ is given, returns an array of the first n elements
- *  (or less) just like <code>array.slice!(0, n)</code> does.
- *
- *     args = [ "-m", "-q", "filename" ]
- *     args.shift     #=> "-m"
- *     args           #=> ["-q", "filename"]
- *
- *     args = [ "-m", "-q", "filename" ]
- *     args.shift(2)  #=> ["-m", "-q"]
- *     args           #=> ["filename"]
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_shift_m(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
-{
-    VALUE result;
-    long n;
-    if (argc == 0) {
-	return rb_ary_shift(ary);
-    }
-    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
-    result = ary_take_first_or_last(argc, argv, ary, ARY_TAKE_FIRST);
-    n = RARRAY_LEN(result);
-    if (ARY_SHARED_P(ary)) {
-        ARY_INCREASE_PTR(ary, n);
-    }
-    else {
-	MEMMOVE(RARRAY_PTR(ary), RARRAY_PTR(ary)+n, VALUE, RARRAY_LEN(ary)-n);
-    }
-    ARY_INCREASE_LEN(ary, -n);
-    return result;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.unshift(obj, ...)  -> array
- *
- *  Prepends objects to the front of <i>array</i>.
- *  other elements up one.
- *
- *     a = [ "b", "c", "d" ]
- *     a.unshift("a")   #=> ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
- *     a.unshift(1, 2)  #=> [ 1, 2, "a", "b", "c", "d"]
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_unshift_m(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
-{
-    long len;
-    if (argc == 0) return ary;
-    rb_ary_modify(ary);
-    if (ARY_CAPA(ary) <= (len = RARRAY_LEN(ary)) + argc) {
-	ary_resize_capa(ary, len + argc + ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE);
-    }
-    /* sliding items */
-    MEMMOVE(RARRAY_PTR(ary) + argc, RARRAY_PTR(ary), VALUE, len);
-    MEMCPY(RARRAY_PTR(ary), argv, VALUE, argc);
-    ARY_INCREASE_LEN(ary, argc);
-    return ary;
-}
-VALUE
-rb_ary_unshift(VALUE ary, VALUE item)
-{
-    return rb_ary_unshift_m(1,&item,ary);
-}
-/* faster version - use this if you don't need to treat negative offset */
-static inline VALUE
-rb_ary_elt(VALUE ary, long offset)
-{
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == 0) return Qnil;
-    if (offset < 0 || RARRAY_LEN(ary) <= offset) {
-	return Qnil;
-    }
-    return RARRAY_PTR(ary)[offset];
-}
-VALUE
-rb_ary_entry(VALUE ary, long offset)
-{
-    if (offset < 0) {
-	offset += RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-    }
-    return rb_ary_elt(ary, offset);
-}
-VALUE
-rb_ary_subseq(VALUE ary, long beg, long len)
-{
-    VALUE klass;
-    if (beg > RARRAY_LEN(ary)) return Qnil;
-    if (beg < 0 || len < 0) return Qnil;
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) < len || RARRAY_LEN(ary) < beg + len) {
-	len = RARRAY_LEN(ary) - beg;
-    }
-    klass = rb_obj_class(ary);
-    if (len == 0) return ary_new(klass, 0);
-    return ary_make_partial(ary, klass, beg, len);
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array[index]                -> obj      or nil
- *     array[start, length]        -> an_array or nil
- *     array[range]                -> an_array or nil
- *     array.slice(index)          -> obj      or nil
- *     array.slice(start, length)  -> an_array or nil
- *     array.slice(range)          -> an_array or nil
- *
- *  Element Reference---Returns the element at _index_,
- *  or returns a subarray starting at _start_ and
- *  continuing for _length_ elements, or returns a subarray
- *  specified by _range_.
- *  Negative indices count backward from the end of the
- *  array (-1 is the last element). Returns nil if the index
- *  (or starting index) are out of range.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d", "e" ]
- *     a[2] +  a[0] + a[1]    #=> "cab"
- *     a[6]                   #=> nil
- *     a[1, 2]                #=> [ "b", "c" ]
- *     a[1..3]                #=> [ "b", "c", "d" ]
- *     a[4..7]                #=> [ "e" ]
- *     a[6..10]               #=> nil
- *     a[-3, 3]               #=> [ "c", "d", "e" ]
- *     # special cases
- *     a[5]                   #=> nil
- *     a[5, 1]                #=> []
- *     a[5..10]               #=> []
- *
- */
-VALUE
-rb_ary_aref(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
-{
-    VALUE arg;
-    long beg, len;
-    if (argc == 2) {
-	beg = NUM2LONG(argv[0]);
-	len = NUM2LONG(argv[1]);
-	if (beg < 0) {
-	    beg += RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-	}
-	return rb_ary_subseq(ary, beg, len);
-    }
-    if (argc != 1) {
-	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", 0, 0);
-    }
-    arg = argv[0];
-    /* special case - speeding up */
-    if (FIXNUM_P(arg)) {
-	return rb_ary_entry(ary, FIX2LONG(arg));
-    }
-    /* check if idx is Range */
-    switch (rb_range_beg_len(arg, &beg, &len, RARRAY_LEN(ary), 0)) {
-      case Qfalse:
-	break;
-      case Qnil:
-	return Qnil;
-      default:
-	return rb_ary_subseq(ary, beg, len);
-    }
-    return rb_ary_entry(ary, NUM2LONG(arg));
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.at(index)   ->   obj  or nil
- *
- *  Returns the element at _index_. A
- *  negative index counts from the end of _self_.  Returns +nil+
- *  if the index is out of range. See also <code>Array#[]</code>.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d", "e" ]
- *     a.at(0)     #=> "a"
- *     a.at(-1)    #=> "e"
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_at(VALUE ary, VALUE pos)
-{
-    return rb_ary_entry(ary, NUM2LONG(pos));
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.first     ->   obj or nil
- *     array.first(n)  ->   an_array
- *
- *  Returns the first element, or the first +n+ elements, of the array.
- *  If the array is empty, the first form returns <code>nil</code>, and the
- *  second form returns an empty array.
- *
- *     a = [ "q", "r", "s", "t" ]
- *     a.first     #=> "q"
- *     a.first(2)  #=> ["q", "r"]
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_first(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
-{
-    if (argc == 0) {
-	if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == 0) return Qnil;
-	return RARRAY_PTR(ary)[0];
-    }
-    else {
-	return ary_take_first_or_last(argc, argv, ary, ARY_TAKE_FIRST);
-    }
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.last     ->  obj or nil
- *     array.last(n)  ->  an_array
- *
- *  Returns the last element(s) of <i>self</i>. If the array is empty,
- *  the first form returns <code>nil</code>.
- *
- *     a = [ "w", "x", "y", "z" ]
- *     a.last     #=> "z"
- *     a.last(2)  #=> ["y", "z"]
- */
-VALUE
-rb_ary_last(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
-{
-    if (argc == 0) {
-	if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == 0) return Qnil;
-	return RARRAY_PTR(ary)[RARRAY_LEN(ary)-1];
-    }
-    else {
-	return ary_take_first_or_last(argc, argv, ary, ARY_TAKE_LAST);
-    }
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.fetch(index)                    -> obj
- *     array.fetch(index, default )          -> obj
- *     array.fetch(index) {|index| block }   -> obj
- *
- *  Tries to return the element at position <i>index</i>. If the index
- *  lies outside the array, the first form throws an
- *  <code>IndexError</code> exception, the second form returns
- *  <i>default</i>, and the third form returns the value of invoking
- *  the block, passing in the index. Negative values of <i>index</i>
- *  count from the end of the array.
- *
- *     a = [ 11, 22, 33, 44 ]
- *     a.fetch(1)               #=> 22
- *     a.fetch(-1)              #=> 44
- *     a.fetch(4, 'cat')        #=> "cat"
- *     a.fetch(4) { |i| i*i }   #=> 16
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_fetch(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
-{
-    VALUE pos, ifnone;
-    long block_given;
-    long idx;
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &pos, &ifnone);
-    block_given = rb_block_given_p();
-    if (block_given && argc == 2) {
-	rb_warn("block supersedes default value argument");
-    }
-    idx = NUM2LONG(pos);
-    if (idx < 0) {
-	idx +=  RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-    }
-    if (idx < 0 || RARRAY_LEN(ary) <= idx) {
-	if (block_given) return rb_yield(pos);
-	if (argc == 1) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "index %ld out of array", idx);
-	}
-	return ifnone;
-    }
-    return RARRAY_PTR(ary)[idx];
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.index(obj)           ->  int or nil
- *     array.index {|item| block} ->  int or nil
- *
- *  Returns the index of the first object in <i>self</i> such that is
- *  <code>==</code> to <i>obj</i>. If a block is given instead of an
- *  argument, returns first object for which <em>block</em> is true.
- *  Returns <code>nil</code> if no match is found.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.index("b")        #=> 1
- *     a.index("z")        #=> nil
- *     a.index{|x|x=="b"}  #=> 1
- *
- *  This is an alias of <code>#find_index</code>.
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_index(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
-{
-    VALUE val;
-    long i;
-    if (argc  == 0) {
-	RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
-	for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	    if (RTEST(rb_yield(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]))) {
-		return LONG2NUM(i);
-	    }
-	}
-	return Qnil;
-    }
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &val);
-    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	if (rb_equal(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i], val))
-	    return LONG2NUM(i);
-    }
-    return Qnil;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.rindex(obj)    ->  int or nil
- *
- *  Returns the index of the last object in <i>array</i>
- *  <code>==</code> to <i>obj</i>. If a block is given instead of an
- *  argument, returns first object for which <em>block</em> is
- *  true. Returns <code>nil</code> if no match is found.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "b", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.rindex("b")        #=> 3
- *     a.rindex("z")        #=> nil
- *     a.rindex{|x|x=="b"}  #=> 3
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_rindex(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
-{
-    VALUE val;
-    long i = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-    if (argc == 0) {
-	RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
-	while (i--) {
-	    if (RTEST(rb_yield(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i])))
-		return LONG2NUM(i);
-	    if (i > RARRAY_LEN(ary)) {
-		i = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-	    }
-	}
-	return Qnil;
-    }
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &val);
-    while (i--) {
-	if (rb_equal(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i], val))
-	    return LONG2NUM(i);
-	if (i > RARRAY_LEN(ary)) {
-	    i = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-	}
-    }
-    return Qnil;
-}
-VALUE
-rb_ary_to_ary(VALUE obj)
-{
-    if (TYPE(obj) == T_ARRAY) {
-	return obj;
-    }
-    if (rb_respond_to(obj, rb_intern("to_ary"))) {
-	return to_ary(obj);
-    }
-    return rb_ary_new3(1, obj);
-}
-static void
-rb_ary_splice(VALUE ary, long beg, long len, VALUE rpl)
-{
-    long rlen;
-    if (len < 0) rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "negative length (%ld)", len);
-    if (beg < 0) {
-	beg += RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-	if (beg < 0) {
-	    beg -= RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-	    rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "index %ld out of array", beg);
-	}
-    }
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) < len || RARRAY_LEN(ary) < beg + len) {
-	len = RARRAY_LEN(ary) - beg;
-    }
-    if (rpl == Qundef) {
-	rlen = 0;
-    }
-    else {
-	rpl = rb_ary_to_ary(rpl);
-	rlen = RARRAY_LEN(rpl);
-    }
-    rb_ary_modify(ary);
-    if (beg >= RARRAY_LEN(ary)) {
-	if (beg > ARY_MAX_SIZE - rlen) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "index %ld too big", beg);
-	}
-	len = beg + rlen;
-	if (len >= ARY_CAPA(ary)) {
-	    ary_resize_capa(ary, len);
-	}
-	rb_mem_clear(RARRAY_PTR(ary) + RARRAY_LEN(ary), beg - RARRAY_LEN(ary));
-	if (rlen > 0) {
-	    MEMCPY(RARRAY_PTR(ary) + beg, RARRAY_PTR(rpl), VALUE, rlen);
-	}
-	ARY_SET_LEN(ary, len);
-    }
-    else {
-	long alen;
-	alen = RARRAY_LEN(ary) + rlen - len;
-	if (alen >= ARY_CAPA(ary)) {
-	    ary_resize_capa(ary, alen);
-	}
-	if (len != rlen) {
-	    MEMMOVE(RARRAY_PTR(ary) + beg + rlen, RARRAY_PTR(ary) + beg + len,
-		    VALUE, RARRAY_LEN(ary) - (beg + len));
-	    ARY_SET_LEN(ary, alen);
-	}
-	if (rlen > 0) {
-	    MEMMOVE(RARRAY_PTR(ary) + beg, RARRAY_PTR(rpl), VALUE, rlen);
-	}
-    }
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array[index]         = obj                     ->  obj
- *     array[start, length] = obj or an_array or nil  ->  obj or an_array or nil
- *     array[range]         = obj or an_array or nil  ->  obj or an_array or nil
- *
- *  Element Assignment---Sets the element at _index_,
- *  or replaces a subarray starting at _start_ and
- *  continuing for _length_ elements, or replaces a subarray
- *  specified by _range_.  If indices are greater than
- *  the current capacity of the array, the array grows
- *  automatically. A negative indices will count backward
- *  from the end of the array. Inserts elements if _length_ is
- *  zero. An +IndexError+ is raised if a negative index points
- *  past the beginning of the array. See also
- *  <code>Array#push</code>, and <code>Array#unshift</code>.
- *
- *     a = Array.new
- *     a[4] = "4";                 #=> [nil, nil, nil, nil, "4"]
- *     a[0, 3] = [ 'a', 'b', 'c' ] #=> ["a", "b", "c", nil, "4"]
- *     a[1..2] = [ 1, 2 ]          #=> ["a", 1, 2, nil, "4"]
- *     a[0, 2] = "?"               #=> ["?", 2, nil, "4"]
- *     a[0..2] = "A"               #=> ["A", "4"]
- *     a[-1]   = "Z"               #=> ["A", "Z"]
- *     a[1..-1] = nil              #=> ["A", nil]
- *     a[1..-1] = []               #=> ["A"]
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_aset(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
-{
-    long offset, beg, len;
-    if (argc == 3) {
-	beg = NUM2LONG(argv[0]);
-	len = NUM2LONG(argv[1]);
-	rb_ary_splice(ary, beg, len, argv[2]);
-	return argv[2];
-    }
-    if (argc != 2) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 2)", argc);
-    }
-    if (FIXNUM_P(argv[0])) {
-	offset = FIX2LONG(argv[0]);
-	goto fixnum;
-    }
-    if (rb_range_beg_len(argv[0], &beg, &len, RARRAY_LEN(ary), 1)) {
-	/* check if idx is Range */
-	rb_ary_splice(ary, beg, len, argv[1]);
-	return argv[1];
-    }
-    offset = NUM2LONG(argv[0]);
-fixnum:
-    rb_ary_store(ary, offset, argv[1]);
-    return argv[1];
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.insert(index, obj...)  -> array
- *
- *  Inserts the given values before the element with the given index
- *  (which may be negative).
- *
- *     a = %w{ a b c d }
- *     a.insert(2, 99)         #=> ["a", "b", 99, "c", "d"]
- *     a.insert(-2, 1, 2, 3)   #=> ["a", "b", 99, "c", 1, 2, 3, "d"]
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_insert(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
-{
-    long pos;
-    if (argc == 1) return ary;
-    if (argc < 1) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (at least 1)");
-    }
-    pos = NUM2LONG(argv[0]);
-    if (pos == -1) {
-	pos = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-    }
-    if (pos < 0) {
-	pos++;
-    }
-    rb_ary_splice(ary, pos, 0, rb_ary_new4(argc - 1, argv + 1));
-    return ary;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.each {|item| block }   ->   array
- *
- *  Calls <i>block</i> once for each element in <i>self</i>, passing that
- *  element as a parameter.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.each {|x| print x, " -- " }
- *
- *  produces:
- *
- *     a -- b -- c --
- */
-VALUE
-rb_ary_each(VALUE ary)
-{
-    long i;
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
-    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	rb_yield(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]);
-    }
-    return ary;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.each_index {|index| block }  ->  array
- *
- *  Same as <code>Array#each</code>, but passes the index of the element
- *  instead of the element itself.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.each_index {|x| print x, " -- " }
- *
- *  produces:
- *
- *     0 -- 1 -- 2 --
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_each_index(VALUE ary)
-{
-    long i;
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
-    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	rb_yield(LONG2NUM(i));
-    }
-    return ary;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.reverse_each {|item| block }
- *
- *  Same as <code>Array#each</code>, but traverses <i>self</i> in reverse
- *  order.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.reverse_each {|x| print x, " " }
- *
- *  produces:
- *
- *     c b a
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_reverse_each(VALUE ary)
-{
-    long len;
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
-    len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-    while (len--) {
-	rb_yield(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[len]);
-	if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) < len) {
-	    len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-	}
-    }
-    return ary;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.length -> int
- *
- *  Returns the number of elements in <i>self</i>. May be zero.
- *
- *     [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ].length   #=> 5
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_length(VALUE ary)
-{
-    long len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-    return LONG2NUM(len);
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.empty?   -> true or false
- *
- *  Returns <code>true</code> if <i>self</i> array contains no elements.
- *
- *     [].empty?   #=> true
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_empty_p(VALUE ary)
-{
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == 0)
-	return Qtrue;
-    return Qfalse;
-}
-VALUE
-rb_ary_dup(VALUE ary)
-{
-    VALUE dup = rb_ary_new2(RARRAY_LEN(ary));
-    int is_embed = ARY_EMBED_P(dup);
-    DUPSETUP(dup, ary);
-    if (is_embed) FL_SET_EMBED(dup);
-    MEMCPY(RARRAY_PTR(dup), RARRAY_PTR(ary), VALUE, RARRAY_LEN(ary));
-    ARY_SET_LEN(dup, RARRAY_LEN(ary));
-    return dup;
-}
-extern VALUE rb_output_fs;
-static VALUE
-recursive_join(VALUE ary, VALUE argp, int recur)
-{
-    VALUE *arg = (VALUE *)argp;
-    if (recur) {
-	return rb_usascii_str_new2("[...]");
-    }
-    return rb_ary_join(arg[0], arg[1]);
-}
-VALUE
-rb_ary_join(VALUE ary, VALUE sep)
-{
-    long len = 1, i;
-    int taint = Qfalse;
-    int untrust = Qfalse;
-    VALUE result, tmp;
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == 0) return rb_str_new(0, 0);
-    if (OBJ_TAINTED(ary) || OBJ_TAINTED(sep)) taint = Qtrue;
-    if (OBJ_UNTRUSTED(ary) || OBJ_UNTRUSTED(sep)) untrust = Qtrue;
-    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	tmp = rb_check_string_type(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]);
-	len += NIL_P(tmp) ? 10 : RSTRING_LEN(tmp);
-    }
-    if (!NIL_P(sep)) {
-	StringValue(sep);
-	len += RSTRING_LEN(sep) * (RARRAY_LEN(ary) - 1);
-    }
-    result = rb_str_buf_new(len);
-    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	tmp = RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i];
-	switch (TYPE(tmp)) {
-	  case T_STRING:
-	    break;
-	  case T_ARRAY:
-	    if (tmp == ary) {
-		tmp = rb_usascii_str_new2("[...]");
-	    }
-	    else {
-		VALUE args[2];
-		args[0] = tmp;
-		args[1] = sep;
-		tmp = rb_exec_recursive(recursive_join, ary, (VALUE)args);
-	    }
-	    break;
-	  default:
-	    tmp = rb_obj_as_string(tmp);
-	}
-	if (i > 0 && !NIL_P(sep))
-	    rb_str_buf_append(result, sep);
-	rb_str_buf_append(result, tmp);
-	if (OBJ_TAINTED(tmp)) taint = Qtrue;
-	if (OBJ_UNTRUSTED(tmp)) untrust = Qtrue;
-    }
-    if (taint) OBJ_TAINT(result);
-    if (untrust) OBJ_UNTRUST(result);
-    return result;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.join(sep=$,)    -> str
- *
- *  Returns a string created by converting each element of the array to
- *  a string, separated by <i>sep</i>.
- *
- *     [ "a", "b", "c" ].join        #=> "abc"
- *     [ "a", "b", "c" ].join("-")   #=> "a-b-c"
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_join_m(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
-{
-    VALUE sep;
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &sep);
-    if (NIL_P(sep)) sep = rb_output_fs;
-    return rb_ary_join(ary, sep);
-}
-static VALUE
-inspect_ary(VALUE ary, VALUE dummy, int recur)
-{
-    int tainted = OBJ_TAINTED(ary);
-    int untrust = OBJ_UNTRUSTED(ary);
-    long i;
-    VALUE s, str;
-    if (recur) return rb_tainted_str_new2("[...]");
-    str = rb_str_buf_new2("[");
-    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	s = rb_inspect(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]);
-	if (OBJ_TAINTED(s)) tainted = Qtrue;
-	if (OBJ_UNTRUSTED(s)) untrust = Qtrue;
-	if (i > 0) rb_str_buf_cat2(str, ", ");
-	rb_str_buf_append(str, s);
-    }
-    rb_str_buf_cat2(str, "]");
-    if (tainted) OBJ_TAINT(str);
-    if (untrust) OBJ_UNTRUST(str);
-    return str;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.to_s -> string
- *     array.inspect  -> string
- *
- *  Create a printable version of <i>array</i>.
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_inspect(VALUE ary)
-{
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == 0) return rb_usascii_str_new2("[]");
-    return rb_exec_recursive(inspect_ary, ary, 0);
-}
-VALUE
-rb_ary_to_s(VALUE ary)
-{
-    return rb_ary_inspect(ary);
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.to_a     -> array
- *
- *  Returns _self_. If called on a subclass of Array, converts
- *  the receiver to an Array object.
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_to_a(VALUE ary)
-{
-    if (rb_obj_class(ary) != rb_cArray) {
-	VALUE dup = rb_ary_new2(RARRAY_LEN(ary));
-	rb_ary_replace(dup, ary);
-	return dup;
-    }
-    return ary;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.to_ary -> array
- *
- *  Returns _self_.
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_to_ary_m(VALUE ary)
-{
-    return ary;
-}
-VALUE
-rb_ary_reverse(VALUE ary)
-{
-    VALUE *p1, *p2;
-    VALUE tmp;
-    rb_ary_modify(ary);
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) > 1) {
-	p1 = RARRAY_PTR(ary);
-	p2 = p1 + RARRAY_LEN(ary) - 1;	/* points last item */
-	while (p1 < p2) {
-	    tmp = *p1;
-	    *p1++ = *p2;
-	    *p2-- = tmp;
-	}
-    }
-    return ary;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.reverse!   -> array
- *
- *  Reverses _self_ in place.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.reverse!       #=> ["c", "b", "a"]
- *     a                #=> ["c", "b", "a"]
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_reverse_bang(VALUE ary)
-{
-    return rb_ary_reverse(ary);
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.reverse -> an_array
- *
- *  Returns a new array containing <i>self</i>'s elements in reverse order.
- *
- *     [ "a", "b", "c" ].reverse   #=> ["c", "b", "a"]
- *     [ 1 ].reverse               #=> [1]
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_reverse_m(VALUE ary)
-{
-    return rb_ary_reverse(rb_ary_dup(ary));
-}
-struct ary_sort_data {
-    VALUE ary;
-    int opt_methods;
-    int opt_inited;
-};
-enum {
-    sort_opt_Fixnum,
-    sort_opt_String,
-    sort_optimizable_count
-};
-#define STRING_P(s) (TYPE(s) == T_STRING && CLASS_OF(s) == rb_cString)
-#define SORT_OPTIMIZABLE_BIT(type) (1U << TOKEN_PASTE(sort_opt_,type))
-#define SORT_OPTIMIZABLE(data, type) \
-    ((data->opt_inited & SORT_OPTIMIZABLE_BIT(type)) ? \
-     (data->opt_methods & SORT_OPTIMIZABLE_BIT(type)) : \
-     ((data->opt_inited |= SORT_OPTIMIZABLE_BIT(type)), \
-      rb_method_basic_definition_p(TOKEN_PASTE(rb_c,type), id_cmp) && \
-      (data->opt_methods |= SORT_OPTIMIZABLE_BIT(type))))
-static VALUE
-sort_reentered(VALUE ary)
-{
-    if (RBASIC(ary)->klass) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "sort reentered");
-    }
-    return Qnil;
-}
-static int
-sort_1(const void *ap, const void *bp, void *dummy)
-{
-    struct ary_sort_data *data = dummy;
-    VALUE retval = sort_reentered(data->ary);
-    VALUE a = *(const VALUE *)ap, b = *(const VALUE *)bp;
-    int n;
-    retval = rb_yield_values(2, a, b);
-    n = rb_cmpint(retval, a, b);
-    sort_reentered(data->ary);
-    return n;
-}
-static int
-sort_2(const void *ap, const void *bp, void *dummy)
-{
-    struct ary_sort_data *data = dummy;
-    VALUE retval = sort_reentered(data->ary);
-    VALUE a = *(const VALUE *)ap, b = *(const VALUE *)bp;
-    int n;
-    if (FIXNUM_P(a) && FIXNUM_P(b) && SORT_OPTIMIZABLE(data, Fixnum)) {
-	if ((long)a > (long)b) return 1;
-	if ((long)a < (long)b) return -1;
-	return 0;
-    }
-    if (STRING_P(a) && STRING_P(b) && SORT_OPTIMIZABLE(data, String)) {
-	return rb_str_cmp(a, b);
-    }
-    retval = rb_funcall(a, id_cmp, 1, b);
-    n = rb_cmpint(retval, a, b);
-    sort_reentered(data->ary);
-    return n;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.sort!                   -> array
- *     array.sort! {| a,b | block }  -> array
- *
- *  Sorts _self_. Comparisons for
- *  the sort will be done using the <code><=></code> operator or using
- *  an optional code block. The block implements a comparison between
- *  <i>a</i> and <i>b</i>, returning -1, 0, or +1. See also
- *  <code>Enumerable#sort_by</code>.
- *
- *     a = [ "d", "a", "e", "c", "b" ]
- *     a.sort                    #=> ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]
- *     a.sort {|x,y| y <=> x }   #=> ["e", "d", "c", "b", "a"]
- */
-VALUE
-rb_ary_sort_bang(VALUE ary)
-{
-    rb_ary_modify(ary);
-    assert(!ARY_SHARED_P(ary));
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) > 1) {
-	VALUE tmp = ary_make_substitution(ary); /* only ary refers tmp */
-	struct ary_sort_data data;
-	RBASIC(tmp)->klass = 0;
-	data.ary = tmp;
-	data.opt_methods = 0;
-	data.opt_inited = 0;
-	ruby_qsort(RARRAY_PTR(tmp), RARRAY_LEN(tmp), sizeof(VALUE),
-		   rb_block_given_p()?sort_1:sort_2, &data);
-        if (ARY_EMBED_P(tmp)) {
-            assert(ARY_EMBED_P(tmp));
-            if (ARY_SHARED_P(ary)) { /* ary might be destructively operated in the given block */
-                rb_ary_unshare(ary);
-            }
-            FL_SET_EMBED(ary);
-            MEMCPY(RARRAY_PTR(ary), ARY_EMBED_PTR(tmp), VALUE, ARY_EMBED_LEN(tmp));
-            ARY_SET_LEN(ary, ARY_EMBED_LEN(tmp));
-        }
-        else {
-            assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(tmp));
-            if (ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary) == ARY_HEAP_PTR(tmp)) {
-                assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(ary));
-                FL_UNSET_SHARED(ary);
-                ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, ARY_CAPA(tmp));
-            }
-            else {
-                assert(!ARY_SHARED_P(tmp));
-                if (ARY_EMBED_P(ary)) {
-                    FL_UNSET_EMBED(ary);
-                }
-                else if (ARY_SHARED_P(ary)) {
-                    /* ary might be destructively operated in the given block */
-                    rb_ary_unshare(ary);
-                }
-                else {
-                    xfree(ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary));
-                }
-                ARY_SET_PTR(ary, RARRAY_PTR(tmp));
-                ARY_SET_HEAP_LEN(ary, RARRAY_LEN(tmp));
-                ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, ARY_CAPA(tmp));
-            }
-            /* tmp was lost ownership for the ptr */
-            FL_UNSET(tmp, FL_FREEZE);
-            FL_SET_EMBED(tmp);
-            ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(tmp, 0);
-            FL_SET(tmp, FL_FREEZE);
-	}
-        /* tmp will be GC'ed. */
-        RBASIC(tmp)->klass = rb_cArray;
-    }
-    return ary;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.sort                   -> an_array
- *     array.sort {| a,b | block }  -> an_array
- *
- *  Returns a new array created by sorting <i>self</i>. Comparisons for
- *  the sort will be done using the <code><=></code> operator or using
- *  an optional code block. The block implements a comparison between
- *  <i>a</i> and <i>b</i>, returning -1, 0, or +1. See also
- *  <code>Enumerable#sort_by</code>.
- *
- *     a = [ "d", "a", "e", "c", "b" ]
- *     a.sort                    #=> ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]
- *     a.sort {|x,y| y <=> x }   #=> ["e", "d", "c", "b", "a"]
- */
-VALUE
-rb_ary_sort(VALUE ary)
-{
-    ary = rb_ary_dup(ary);
-    rb_ary_sort_bang(ary);
-    return ary;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.collect {|item| block }  -> an_array
- *     array.map     {|item| block }  -> an_array
- *
- *  Invokes <i>block</i> once for each element of <i>self</i>. Creates a
- *  new array containing the values returned by the block.
- *  See also <code>Enumerable#collect</code>.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
- *     a.collect {|x| x + "!" }   #=> ["a!", "b!", "c!", "d!"]
- *     a                          #=> ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_collect(VALUE ary)
-{
-    long i;
-    VALUE collect;
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
-    collect = rb_ary_new2(RARRAY_LEN(ary));
-    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	rb_ary_push(collect, rb_yield(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]));
-    }
-    return collect;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.collect! {|item| block }   ->   array
- *     array.map!     {|item| block }   ->   array
- *
- *  Invokes the block once for each element of _self_, replacing the
- *  element with the value returned by _block_.
- *  See also <code>Enumerable#collect</code>.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
- *     a.collect! {|x| x + "!" }
- *     a             #=>  [ "a!", "b!", "c!", "d!" ]
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_collect_bang(VALUE ary)
-{
-    long i;
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
-    rb_ary_modify(ary);
-    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	rb_ary_store(ary, i, rb_yield(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]));
-    }
-    return ary;
-}
-VALUE
-rb_get_values_at(VALUE obj, long olen, int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE (*func) (VALUE, long))
-{
-    VALUE result = rb_ary_new2(argc);
-    long beg, len, i, j;
-    for (i=0; i<argc; i++) {
-	if (FIXNUM_P(argv[i])) {
-	    rb_ary_push(result, (*func)(obj, FIX2LONG(argv[i])));
-	    continue;
-	}
-	/* check if idx is Range */
-	switch (rb_range_beg_len(argv[i], &beg, &len, olen, 0)) {
-	  case Qfalse:
-	    break;
-	  case Qnil:
-	    continue;
-	  default:
-	    for (j=0; j<len; j++) {
-		rb_ary_push(result, (*func)(obj, j+beg));
-	    }
-	    continue;
-	}
-	rb_ary_push(result, (*func)(obj, NUM2LONG(argv[i])));
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.values_at(selector,... )  -> an_array
- *
- *  Returns an array containing the elements in
- *  _self_ corresponding to the given selector(s). The selectors
- *  may be either integer indices or ranges.
- *  See also <code>Array#select</code>.
- *
- *     a = %w{ a b c d e f }
- *     a.values_at(1, 3, 5)
- *     a.values_at(1, 3, 5, 7)
- *     a.values_at(-1, -3, -5, -7)
- *     a.values_at(1..3, 2...5)
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_values_at(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
-{
-    return rb_get_values_at(ary, RARRAY_LEN(ary), argc, argv, rb_ary_entry);
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.select {|item| block } -> an_array
- *
- *  Invokes the block passing in successive elements from <i>array</i>,
- *  returning an array containing those elements for which the block
- *  returns a true value (equivalent to <code>Enumerable#select</code>).
- *
- *     a = %w{ a b c d e f }
- *     a.select {|v| v =~ /[aeiou]/}   #=> ["a", "e"]
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_select(VALUE ary)
-{
-    VALUE result;
-    long i;
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
-    result = rb_ary_new2(RARRAY_LEN(ary));
-    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	if (RTEST(rb_yield(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]))) {
-	    rb_ary_push(result, rb_ary_elt(ary, i));
-	}
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.delete(obj)            -> obj or nil
- *     array.delete(obj) { block }  -> obj or nil
- *
- *  Deletes items from <i>self</i> that are equal to <i>obj</i>. If
- *  the item is not found, returns <code>nil</code>. If the optional
- *  code block is given, returns the result of <i>block</i> if the item
- *  is not found.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "b", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.delete("b")                   #=> "b"
- *     a                               #=> ["a", "c"]
- *     a.delete("z")                   #=> nil
- *     a.delete("z") { "not found" }   #=> "not found"
- */
-VALUE
-rb_ary_delete(VALUE ary, VALUE item)
-{
-    VALUE v = item;
-    long i1, i2;
-    for (i1 = i2 = 0; i1 < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i1++) {
-	VALUE e = RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i1];
-	if (rb_equal(e, item)) {
-	    v = e;
-	    continue;
-	}
-	if (i1 != i2) {
-	    rb_ary_store(ary, i2, e);
-	}
-	i2++;
-    }
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == i2) {
-	if (rb_block_given_p()) {
-	    return rb_yield(item);
-	}
-	return Qnil;
-    }
-    rb_ary_modify(ary);
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) > i2) {
-	ARY_SET_LEN(ary, i2);
-	if (i2 * 2 < ARY_CAPA(ary) &&
-	    ARY_CAPA(ary) > ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE) {
-	    ary_resize_capa(ary, i2*2);
-	}
-    }
-    return v;
-}
-VALUE
-rb_ary_delete_at(VALUE ary, long pos)
-{
-    long len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-    VALUE del;
-    if (pos >= len) return Qnil;
-    if (pos < 0) {
-	pos += len;
-	if (pos < 0) return Qnil;
-    }
-    rb_ary_modify(ary);
-    del = RARRAY_PTR(ary)[pos];
-    MEMMOVE(RARRAY_PTR(ary)+pos, RARRAY_PTR(ary)+pos+1, VALUE,
-	    RARRAY_LEN(ary)-pos-1);
-    ARY_INCREASE_LEN(ary, -1);
-    return del;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.delete_at(index)  -> obj or nil
- *
- *  Deletes the element at the specified index, returning that element,
- *  or <code>nil</code> if the index is out of range. See also
- *  <code>Array#slice!</code>.
- *
- *     a = %w( ant bat cat dog )
- *     a.delete_at(2)    #=> "cat"
- *     a                 #=> ["ant", "bat", "dog"]
- *     a.delete_at(99)   #=> nil
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_delete_at_m(VALUE ary, VALUE pos)
-{
-    return rb_ary_delete_at(ary, NUM2LONG(pos));
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.slice!(index)         -> obj or nil
- *     array.slice!(start, length) -> sub_array or nil
- *     array.slice!(range)         -> sub_array or nil
- *
- *  Deletes the element(s) given by an index (optionally with a length)
- *  or by a range. Returns the deleted object, subarray, or
- *  <code>nil</code> if the index is out of range.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.slice!(1)     #=> "b"
- *     a               #=> ["a", "c"]
- *     a.slice!(-1)    #=> "c"
- *     a               #=> ["a"]
- *     a.slice!(100)   #=> nil
- *     a               #=> ["a"]
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_slice_bang(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
-{
-    VALUE arg1, arg2;
-    long pos, len, orig_len;
-    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
-    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &arg1, &arg2) == 2) {
-	pos = NUM2LONG(arg1);
-	len = NUM2LONG(arg2);
-      delete_pos_len:
-	if (len < 0) return Qnil;
-	orig_len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-	if (pos < 0) {
-	    pos += orig_len;
-	    if (pos < 0) return Qnil;
-	}
-	else if (orig_len < pos) return Qnil;
-	if (orig_len < pos + len) {
-	    len = orig_len - pos;
-	}
-	if (len == 0) return rb_ary_new2(0);
-	arg2 = rb_ary_new4(len, RARRAY_PTR(ary)+pos);
-	RBASIC(arg2)->klass = rb_obj_class(ary);
-	rb_ary_splice(ary, pos, len, Qundef);
-	return arg2;
-    }
-    if (!FIXNUM_P(arg1)) {
-	switch (rb_range_beg_len(arg1, &pos, &len, RARRAY_LEN(ary), 0)) {
-	  case Qtrue:
-	    /* valid range */
-	    goto delete_pos_len;
-	  case Qnil:
-	    /* invalid range */
-	    return Qnil;
-	  default:
-	    /* not a range */
-	    break;
-	}
-    }
-    return rb_ary_delete_at(ary, NUM2LONG(arg1));
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.reject! {|item| block }  -> array or nil
- *
- *  Equivalent to <code>Array#delete_if</code>, deleting elements from
- *  _self_ for which the block evaluates to true, but returns
- *  <code>nil</code> if no changes were made. Also see
- *  <code>Enumerable#reject</code>.
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_reject_bang(VALUE ary)
-{
-    long i1, i2;
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
-    rb_ary_modify(ary);
-    for (i1 = i2 = 0; i1 < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i1++) {
-	VALUE v = RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i1];
-	if (RTEST(rb_yield(v))) continue;
-	if (i1 != i2) {
-	    rb_ary_store(ary, i2, v);
-	}
-	i2++;
-    }
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == i2) return Qnil;
-    if (i2 < RARRAY_LEN(ary))
-	ARY_SET_LEN(ary, i2);
-    return ary;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.reject {|item| block }  -> an_array
- *
- *  Returns a new array containing the items in _self_
- *  for which the block is not true.
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_reject(VALUE ary)
-{
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
-    ary = rb_ary_dup(ary);
-    rb_ary_reject_bang(ary);
-    return ary;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.delete_if {|item| block }  -> array
- *
- *  Deletes every element of <i>self</i> for which <i>block</i> evaluates
- *  to <code>true</code>.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.delete_if {|x| x >= "b" }   #=> ["a"]
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_delete_if(VALUE ary)
-{
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
-    rb_ary_reject_bang(ary);
-    return ary;
-}
-static VALUE
-take_i(VALUE val, VALUE *args, int argc, VALUE *argv)
-{
-    if (args[1]-- == 0) rb_iter_break();
-    if (argc > 1) val = rb_ary_new4(argc, argv);
-    rb_ary_push(args[0], val);
-    return Qnil;
-}
-static VALUE
-take_items(VALUE obj, long n)
-{
-    VALUE result = rb_check_array_type(obj);
-    VALUE args[2];
-    if (!NIL_P(result)) return rb_ary_subseq(result, 0, n);
-    result = rb_ary_new2(n);
-    args[0] = result; args[1] = (VALUE)n;
-    rb_block_call(obj, rb_intern("each"), 0, 0, take_i, (VALUE)args);
-    return result;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.zip(arg, ...)                   -> an_array
- *     array.zip(arg, ...) {| arr | block }  -> nil
- *
- *  Converts any arguments to arrays, then merges elements of
- *  <i>self</i> with corresponding elements from each argument. This
- *  generates a sequence of <code>self.size</code> <em>n</em>-element
- *  arrays, where <em>n</em> is one more that the count of arguments. If
- *  the size of any argument is less than <code>enumObj.size</code>,
- *  <code>nil</code> values are supplied. If a block given, it is
- *  invoked for each output array, otherwise an array of arrays is
- *  returned.
- *
- *     a = [ 4, 5, 6 ]
- *     b = [ 7, 8, 9 ]
- *     [1,2,3].zip(a, b)      #=> [[1, 4, 7], [2, 5, 8], [3, 6, 9]]
- *     [1,2].zip(a,b)         #=> [[1, 4, 7], [2, 5, 8]]
- *     a.zip([1,2],[8])       #=> [[4,1,8], [5,2,nil], [6,nil,nil]]
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_zip(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
-{
-    int i, j;
-    long len;
-    VALUE result = Qnil;
-    len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-    for (i=0; i<argc; i++) {
-	argv[i] = take_items(argv[i], len);
-    }
-    if (!rb_block_given_p()) {
-	result = rb_ary_new2(len);
-    }
-    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	VALUE tmp = rb_ary_new2(argc+1);
-	rb_ary_push(tmp, rb_ary_elt(ary, i));
-	for (j=0; j<argc; j++) {
-	    rb_ary_push(tmp, rb_ary_elt(argv[j], i));
-	}
-	if (NIL_P(result)) {
-	    rb_yield(tmp);
-	}
-	else {
-	    rb_ary_push(result, tmp);
-	}
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.transpose -> an_array
- *
- *  Assumes that <i>self</i> is an array of arrays and transposes the
- *  rows and columns.
- *
- *     a = [[1,2], [3,4], [5,6]]
- *     a.transpose   #=> [[1, 3, 5], [2, 4, 6]]
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_transpose(VALUE ary)
-{
-    long elen = -1, alen, i, j;
-    VALUE tmp, result = 0;
-    alen = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-    if (alen == 0) return rb_ary_dup(ary);
-    for (i=0; i<alen; i++) {
-	tmp = to_ary(rb_ary_elt(ary, i));
-	if (elen < 0) {		/* first element */
-	    elen = RARRAY_LEN(tmp);
-	    result = rb_ary_new2(elen);
-	    for (j=0; j<elen; j++) {
-		rb_ary_store(result, j, rb_ary_new2(alen));
-	    }
-	}
-	else if (elen != RARRAY_LEN(tmp)) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "element size differs (%ld should be %ld)",
-		     RARRAY_LEN(tmp), elen);
-	}
-	for (j=0; j<elen; j++) {
-	    rb_ary_store(rb_ary_elt(result, j), i, rb_ary_elt(tmp, j));
-	}
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.replace(other_array)  -> array
- *
- *  Replaces the contents of <i>self</i> with the contents of
- *  <i>other_array</i>, truncating or expanding if necessary.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d", "e" ]
- *     a.replace([ "x", "y", "z" ])   #=> ["x", "y", "z"]
- *     a                              #=> ["x", "y", "z"]
- */
-VALUE
-rb_ary_replace(VALUE copy, VALUE orig)
-{
-    orig = to_ary(orig);
-    rb_ary_modify_check(copy);
-    if (copy == orig) return copy;
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(orig) <= RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
-        VALUE *ptr;
-        VALUE shared = 0;
-        if (ARY_OWNS_HEAP_P(copy)) {
-            xfree(RARRAY_PTR(copy));
-        }
-        else if (ARY_SHARED_P(copy)) {
-            shared = ARY_SHARED(copy);
-            FL_UNSET_SHARED(copy);
-        }
-        FL_SET_EMBED(copy);
-        ptr = RARRAY_PTR(orig);
-        MEMCPY(RARRAY_PTR(copy), ptr, VALUE, RARRAY_LEN(orig));
-        if (shared) {
-            rb_ary_decrement_share(shared);
-        }
-        ARY_SET_LEN(copy, RARRAY_LEN(orig));
-    }
-    else {
-        VALUE shared = ary_make_shared(orig);
-        if (ARY_OWNS_HEAP_P(copy)) {
-            xfree(RARRAY_PTR(copy));
-        } else {
-            rb_ary_unshare_safe(copy);
-        }
-        FL_UNSET_EMBED(copy);
-        ARY_SET_PTR(copy, RARRAY_PTR(orig));
-        ARY_SET_LEN(copy, RARRAY_LEN(orig));
-        rb_ary_set_shared(copy, shared);
-    }
-    return copy;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.clear    ->  array
- *
- *  Removes all elements from _self_.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d", "e" ]
- *     a.clear    #=> [ ]
- */
-VALUE
-rb_ary_clear(VALUE ary)
-{
-    rb_ary_modify(ary);
-    ARY_SET_LEN(ary, 0);
-    if (ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE * 2 < ARY_CAPA(ary)) {
-	ary_resize_capa(ary, ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE * 2);
-    }
-    return ary;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.fill(obj)                                -> array
- *     array.fill(obj, start [, length])              -> array
- *     array.fill(obj, range )                        -> array
- *     array.fill {|index| block }                    -> array
- *     array.fill(start [, length] ) {|index| block } -> array
- *     array.fill(range) {|index| block }             -> array
- *
- *  The first three forms set the selected elements of <i>self</i> (which
- *  may be the entire array) to <i>obj</i>. A <i>start</i> of
- *  <code>nil</code> is equivalent to zero. A <i>length</i> of
- *  <code>nil</code> is equivalent to <i>self.length</i>. The last three
- *  forms fill the array with the value of the block. The block is
- *  passed the absolute index of each element to be filled.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
- *     a.fill("x")              #=> ["x", "x", "x", "x"]
- *     a.fill("z", 2, 2)        #=> ["x", "x", "z", "z"]
- *     a.fill("y", 0..1)        #=> ["y", "y", "z", "z"]
- *     a.fill {|i| i*i}         #=> [0, 1, 4, 9]
- *     a.fill(-2) {|i| i*i*i}   #=> [0, 1, 8, 27]
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_fill(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
-{
-    VALUE item, arg1, arg2;
-    long beg = 0, end = 0, len = 0;
-    VALUE *p, *pend;
-    int block_p = Qfalse;
-    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
-	block_p = Qtrue;
-	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &arg1, &arg2);
-	argc += 1;		/* hackish */
-    }
-    else {
-	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "12", &item, &arg1, &arg2);
-    }
-    switch (argc) {
-      case 1:
-	beg = 0;
-	len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-	break;
-      case 2:
-	if (rb_range_beg_len(arg1, &beg, &len, RARRAY_LEN(ary), 1)) {
-	    break;
-	}
-	/* fall through */
-      case 3:
-	beg = NIL_P(arg1) ? 0 : NUM2LONG(arg1);
-	if (beg < 0) {
-	    beg = RARRAY_LEN(ary) + beg;
-	    if (beg < 0) beg = 0;
-	}
-	len = NIL_P(arg2) ? RARRAY_LEN(ary) - beg : NUM2LONG(arg2);
-	break;
-    }
-    rb_ary_modify(ary);
-    if (len < 0) {
-        return ary;
-    }
-    if (beg >= ARY_MAX_SIZE || len > ARY_MAX_SIZE - beg) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "argument too big");
-    }
-    end = beg + len;
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) < end) {
-	if (end >= ARY_CAPA(ary)) {
-	    ary_resize_capa(ary, end);
-	}
-	rb_mem_clear(RARRAY_PTR(ary) + RARRAY_LEN(ary), end - RARRAY_LEN(ary));
-	ARY_SET_LEN(ary, end);
-    }
-    if (block_p) {
-	VALUE v;
-	long i;
-	for (i=beg; i<end; i++) {
-	    v = rb_yield(LONG2NUM(i));
-	    if (i>=RARRAY_LEN(ary)) break;
-	    RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i] = v;
-	}
-    }
-    else {
-	p = RARRAY_PTR(ary) + beg;
-	pend = p + len;
-	while (p < pend) {
-	    *p++ = item;
-	}
-    }
-    return ary;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array + other_array   -> an_array
- *
- *  Concatenation---Returns a new array built by concatenating the
- *  two arrays together to produce a third array.
- *
- *     [ 1, 2, 3 ] + [ 4, 5 ]    #=> [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]
- */
-VALUE
-rb_ary_plus(VALUE x, VALUE y)
-{
-    VALUE z;
-    long len;
-    y = to_ary(y);
-    len = RARRAY_LEN(x) + RARRAY_LEN(y);
-    z = rb_ary_new2(len);
-    MEMCPY(RARRAY_PTR(z), RARRAY_PTR(x), VALUE, RARRAY_LEN(x));
-    MEMCPY(RARRAY_PTR(z) + RARRAY_LEN(x), RARRAY_PTR(y), VALUE, RARRAY_LEN(y));
-    ARY_SET_LEN(z, len);
-    return z;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.concat(other_array)   ->  array
- *
- *  Appends the elements in other_array to _self_.
- *
- *     [ "a", "b" ].concat( ["c", "d"] ) #=> [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
- */
-VALUE
-rb_ary_concat(VALUE x, VALUE y)
-{
-    y = to_ary(y);
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(y) > 0) {
-	rb_ary_splice(x, RARRAY_LEN(x), 0, y);
-    }
-    return x;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array * int     ->    an_array
- *     array * str     ->    a_string
- *
- *  Repetition---With a String argument, equivalent to
- *  self.join(str). Otherwise, returns a new array
- *  built by concatenating the _int_ copies of _self_.
- *
- *
- *     [ 1, 2, 3 ] * 3    #=> [ 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3 ]
- *     [ 1, 2, 3 ] * ","  #=> "1,2,3"
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_times(VALUE ary, VALUE times)
-{
-    VALUE ary2, tmp;
-    long i, len;
-    tmp = rb_check_string_type(times);
-    if (!NIL_P(tmp)) {
-	return rb_ary_join(ary, tmp);
-    }
-    len = NUM2LONG(times);
-    if (len == 0) {
-	ary2 = ary_new(rb_obj_class(ary), 0);
-	goto out;
-    }
-    if (len < 0) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "negative argument");
-    }
-    if (ARY_MAX_SIZE/len < RARRAY_LEN(ary)) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "argument too big");
-    }
-    len *= RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-    ary2 = ary_new(rb_obj_class(ary), len);
-    ARY_SET_LEN(ary2, len);
-    for (i=0; i<len; i+=RARRAY_LEN(ary)) {
-	MEMCPY(RARRAY_PTR(ary2)+i, RARRAY_PTR(ary), VALUE, RARRAY_LEN(ary));
-    }
-  out:
-    OBJ_INFECT(ary2, ary);
-    return ary2;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.assoc(obj)   ->  an_array  or  nil
- *
- *  Searches through an array whose elements are also arrays
- *  comparing _obj_ with the first element of each contained array
- *  using obj.==.
- *  Returns the first contained array that matches (that
- *  is, the first associated array),
- *  or +nil+ if no match is found.
- *  See also <code>Array#rassoc</code>.
- *
- *     s1 = [ "colors", "red", "blue", "green" ]
- *     s2 = [ "letters", "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     s3 = "foo"
- *     a  = [ s1, s2, s3 ]
- *     a.assoc("letters")  #=> [ "letters", "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.assoc("foo")      #=> nil
- */
-VALUE
-rb_ary_assoc(VALUE ary, VALUE key)
-{
-    long i;
-    VALUE v;
-    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); ++i) {
-	v = rb_check_array_type(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]);
-	if (!NIL_P(v) && RARRAY_LEN(v) > 0 &&
-	    rb_equal(RARRAY_PTR(v)[0], key))
-	    return v;
-    }
-    return Qnil;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.rassoc(obj) -> an_array or nil
- *
- *  Searches through the array whose elements are also arrays. Compares
- *  _obj_ with the second element of each contained array using
- *  <code>==</code>. Returns the first contained array that matches. See
- *  also <code>Array#assoc</code>.
- *
- *     a = [ [ 1, "one"], [2, "two"], [3, "three"], ["ii", "two"] ]
- *     a.rassoc("two")    #=> [2, "two"]
- *     a.rassoc("four")   #=> nil
- */
-VALUE
-rb_ary_rassoc(VALUE ary, VALUE value)
-{
-    long i;
-    VALUE v;
-    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); ++i) {
-	v = RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i];
-	if (TYPE(v) == T_ARRAY &&
-	    RARRAY_LEN(v) > 1 &&
-	    rb_equal(RARRAY_PTR(v)[1], value))
-	    return v;
-    }
-    return Qnil;
-}
-static VALUE
-recursive_equal(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2, int recur)
-{
-    long i;
-    if (recur) return Qtrue; /* Subtle! */
-    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary1); i++) {
-	if (!rb_equal(rb_ary_elt(ary1, i), rb_ary_elt(ary2, i)))
-	    return Qfalse;
-    }
-    return Qtrue;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array == other_array   ->   bool
- *
- *  Equality---Two arrays are equal if they contain the same number
- *  of elements and if each element is equal to (according to
- *  Object.==) the corresponding element in the other array.
- *
- *     [ "a", "c" ]    == [ "a", "c", 7 ]     #=> false
- *     [ "a", "c", 7 ] == [ "a", "c", 7 ]     #=> true
- *     [ "a", "c", 7 ] == [ "a", "d", "f" ]   #=> false
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_equal(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2)
-{
-    if (ary1 == ary2) return Qtrue;
-    if (TYPE(ary2) != T_ARRAY) {
-	if (!rb_respond_to(ary2, rb_intern("to_ary"))) {
-	    return Qfalse;
-	}
-	return rb_equal(ary2, ary1);
-    }
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary1) != RARRAY_LEN(ary2)) return Qfalse;
-    return rb_exec_recursive_paired(recursive_equal, ary1, ary2, ary2);
-}
-static VALUE
-recursive_eql(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2, int recur)
-{
-    long i;
-    if (recur) return Qtrue; /* Subtle! */
-    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary1); i++) {
-	if (!rb_eql(rb_ary_elt(ary1, i), rb_ary_elt(ary2, i)))
-	    return Qfalse;
-    }
-    return Qtrue;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.eql?(other)  -> true or false
- *
- *  Returns <code>true</code> if _array_ and _other_ are the same object,
- *  or are both arrays with the same content.
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_eql(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2)
-{
-    if (ary1 == ary2) return Qtrue;
-    if (TYPE(ary2) != T_ARRAY) return Qfalse;
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary1) != RARRAY_LEN(ary2)) return Qfalse;
-    return rb_exec_recursive_paired(recursive_eql, ary1, ary2, ary2);
-}
-static VALUE
-recursive_hash(VALUE ary, VALUE dummy, int recur)
-{
-    long i, h;
-    VALUE n;
-    if (recur) {
-	return LONG2FIX(0);
-    }
-    h = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	h = (h << 1) | (h<0 ? 1 : 0);
-	n = rb_hash(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]);
-	h ^= NUM2LONG(n);
-    }
-    return LONG2FIX(h);
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.hash   -> fixnum
- *
- *  Compute a hash-code for this array. Two arrays with the same content
- *  will have the same hash code (and will compare using <code>eql?</code>).
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_hash(VALUE ary)
-{
-    return rb_exec_recursive(recursive_hash, ary, 0);
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.include?(obj)   -> true or false
- *
- *  Returns <code>true</code> if the given object is present in
- *  <i>self</i> (that is, if any object <code>==</code> <i>anObject</i>),
- *  <code>false</code> otherwise.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.include?("b")   #=> true
- *     a.include?("z")   #=> false
- */
-VALUE
-rb_ary_includes(VALUE ary, VALUE item)
-{
-    long i;
-    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	if (rb_equal(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i], item)) {
-	    return Qtrue;
-	}
-    }
-    return Qfalse;
-}
-static VALUE
-recursive_cmp(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2, int recur)
-{
-    long i, len;
-    if (recur) return Qundef;	/* Subtle! */
-    len = RARRAY_LEN(ary1);
-    if (len > RARRAY_LEN(ary2)) {
-	len = RARRAY_LEN(ary2);
-    }
-    for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
-	VALUE v = rb_funcall(rb_ary_elt(ary1, i), id_cmp, 1, rb_ary_elt(ary2, i));
-	if (v != INT2FIX(0)) {
-	    return v;
-	}
-    }
-    return Qundef;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array <=> other_array   ->  -1, 0, +1
- *
- *  Comparison---Returns an integer (-1, 0,
- *  or +1) if this array is less than, equal to, or greater than
- *  other_array.  Each object in each array is compared
- *  (using <=>). If any value isn't
- *  equal, then that inequality is the return value. If all the
- *  values found are equal, then the return is based on a
- *  comparison of the array lengths.  Thus, two arrays are
- *  ``equal'' according to <code>Array#<=></code> if and only if they have
- *  the same length and the value of each element is equal to the
- *  value of the corresponding element in the other array.
- *
- *     [ "a", "a", "c" ]    <=> [ "a", "b", "c" ]   #=> -1
- *     [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ] <=> [ 1, 2 ]            #=> +1
- *
- */
-VALUE
-rb_ary_cmp(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2)
-{
-    long len;
-    VALUE v;
-    ary2 = to_ary(ary2);
-    if (ary1 == ary2) return INT2FIX(0);
-    v = rb_exec_recursive_paired(recursive_cmp, ary1, ary2, ary2);
-    if (v != Qundef) return v;
-    len = RARRAY_LEN(ary1) - RARRAY_LEN(ary2);
-    if (len == 0) return INT2FIX(0);
-    if (len > 0) return INT2FIX(1);
-    return INT2FIX(-1);
-}
-static VALUE
-ary_make_hash(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2)
-{
-    VALUE hash = rb_hash_new();
-    long i;
-    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary1); i++) {
-	rb_hash_aset(hash, RARRAY_PTR(ary1)[i], Qtrue);
-    }
-    if (ary2) {
-	for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary2); i++) {
-	    rb_hash_aset(hash, RARRAY_PTR(ary2)[i], Qtrue);
-	}
-    }
-    return hash;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array - other_array    -> an_array
- *
- *  Array Difference---Returns a new array that is a copy of
- *  the original array, removing any items that also appear in
- *  other_array. (If you need set-like behavior, see the
- *  library class Set.)
- *
- *     [ 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5 ] - [ 1, 2, 4 ]  #=>  [ 3, 3, 5 ]
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_diff(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2)
-{
-    VALUE ary3;
-    volatile VALUE hash;
-    long i;
-    hash = ary_make_hash(to_ary(ary2), 0);
-    ary3 = rb_ary_new();
-    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary1); i++) {
-	if (st_lookup(RHASH_TBL(hash), RARRAY_PTR(ary1)[i], 0)) continue;
-	rb_ary_push(ary3, rb_ary_elt(ary1, i));
-    }
-    return ary3;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array & other_array
- *
- *  Set Intersection---Returns a new array
- *  containing elements common to the two arrays, with no duplicates.
- *
- *     [ 1, 1, 3, 5 ] & [ 1, 2, 3 ]   #=> [ 1, 3 ]
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_and(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2)
-{
-    VALUE hash, ary3, v, vv;
-    long i;
-    ary2 = to_ary(ary2);
-    ary3 = rb_ary_new2(RARRAY_LEN(ary1) < RARRAY_LEN(ary2) ?
-	    RARRAY_LEN(ary1) : RARRAY_LEN(ary2));
-    hash = ary_make_hash(ary2, 0);
-    if (RHASH_EMPTY_P(hash))
-        return ary3;
-    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary1); i++) {
-	v = vv = rb_ary_elt(ary1, i);
-	if (st_delete(RHASH_TBL(hash), (st_data_t*)&vv, 0)) {
-	    rb_ary_push(ary3, v);
-	}
-    }
-    return ary3;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array | other_array     ->  an_array
- *
- *  Set Union---Returns a new array by joining this array with
- *  other_array, removing duplicates.
- *
- *     [ "a", "b", "c" ] | [ "c", "d", "a" ]
- *            #=> [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_or(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2)
-{
-    VALUE hash, ary3;
-    VALUE v, vv;
-    long i;
-    ary2 = to_ary(ary2);
-    ary3 = rb_ary_new2(RARRAY_LEN(ary1)+RARRAY_LEN(ary2));
-    hash = ary_make_hash(ary1, ary2);
-    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary1); i++) {
-	v = vv = rb_ary_elt(ary1, i);
-	if (st_delete(RHASH_TBL(hash), (st_data_t*)&vv, 0)) {
-	    rb_ary_push(ary3, v);
-	}
-    }
-    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary2); i++) {
-	v = vv = rb_ary_elt(ary2, i);
-	if (st_delete(RHASH_TBL(hash), (st_data_t*)&vv, 0)) {
-	    rb_ary_push(ary3, v);
-	}
-    }
-    return ary3;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.uniq! -> array or nil
- *
- *  Removes duplicate elements from _self_.
- *  Returns <code>nil</code> if no changes are made (that is, no
- *  duplicates are found).
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "a", "b", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.uniq!   #=> ["a", "b", "c"]
- *     b = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     b.uniq!   #=> nil
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_uniq_bang(VALUE ary)
-{
-    VALUE hash, v, vv;
-    long i, j;
-    hash = ary_make_hash(ary, 0);
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == RHASH_SIZE(hash)) {
-	return Qnil;
-    }
-    for (i=j=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	v = vv = rb_ary_elt(ary, i);
-	if (st_delete(RHASH_TBL(hash), (st_data_t*)&vv, 0)) {
-	    rb_ary_store(ary, j++, v);
-	}
-    }
-    ARY_SET_LEN(ary, j);
-    return ary;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.uniq   -> an_array
- *
- *  Returns a new array by removing duplicate values in <i>self</i>.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "a", "b", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.uniq   #=> ["a", "b", "c"]
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_uniq(VALUE ary)
-{
-    ary = rb_ary_dup(ary);
-    rb_ary_uniq_bang(ary);
-    return ary;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.compact!    ->   array  or  nil
- *
- *  Removes +nil+ elements from array.
- *  Returns +nil+ if no changes were made.
- *
- *     [ "a", nil, "b", nil, "c" ].compact! #=> [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     [ "a", "b", "c" ].compact!           #=> nil
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_compact_bang(VALUE ary)
-{
-    VALUE *p, *t, *end;
-    long n;
-    rb_ary_modify(ary);
-    p = t = RARRAY_PTR(ary);
-    end = p + RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-    while (t < end) {
-	if (NIL_P(*t)) t++;
-	else *p++ = *t++;
-    }
-    n = p - RARRAY_PTR(ary);
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == n) {
-	return Qnil;
-    }
-    ARY_SET_LEN(ary, n);
-    if (n * 2 < ARY_CAPA(ary) && ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE * 2 < ARY_CAPA(ary)) {
-	ary_resize_capa(ary, n * 2);
-    }
-    return ary;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.compact     ->  an_array
- *
- *  Returns a copy of _self_ with all +nil+ elements removed.
- *
- *     [ "a", nil, "b", nil, "c", nil ].compact
- *                       #=> [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_compact(VALUE ary)
-{
-    ary = rb_ary_dup(ary);
-    rb_ary_compact_bang(ary);
-    return ary;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.count      -> int
- *     array.count(obj) -> int
- *     array.count { |item| block }  -> int
- *
- *  Returns the number of elements.  If an argument is given, counts
- *  the number of elements which equals to <i>obj</i>.  If a block is
- *  given, counts the number of elements yielding a true value.
- *
- *     ary = [1, 2, 4, 2]
- *     ary.count             # => 4
- *     ary.count(2)          # => 2
- *     ary.count{|x|x%2==0}  # => 3
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_count(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
-{
-    long n = 0;
-    if (argc == 0) {
-	VALUE *p, *pend;
-	if (!rb_block_given_p())
-	    return LONG2NUM(RARRAY_LEN(ary));
-	for (p = RARRAY_PTR(ary), pend = p + RARRAY_LEN(ary); p < pend; p++) {
-	    if (RTEST(rb_yield(*p))) n++;
-	}
-    }
-    else {
-	VALUE obj, *p, *pend;
-	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1", &obj);
-	if (rb_block_given_p()) {
-	    rb_warn("given block not used");
-	}
-	for (p = RARRAY_PTR(ary), pend = p + RARRAY_LEN(ary); p < pend; p++) {
-	    if (rb_equal(*p, obj)) n++;
-	}
-    }
-    return LONG2NUM(n);
-}
-static VALUE
-flatten(VALUE ary, int level, int *modified)
-{
-    long i = 0;
-    VALUE stack, result, tmp, elt;
-    st_table *memo;
-    st_data_t id;
-    stack = ary_new(0, ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE);
-    result = ary_new(0, RARRAY_LEN(ary));
-    memo = st_init_numtable();
-    st_insert(memo, (st_data_t)ary, (st_data_t)Qtrue);
-    *modified = 0;
-    while (1) {
-	while (i < RARRAY_LEN(ary)) {
-	    elt = RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i++];
-	    tmp = rb_check_array_type(elt);
-	    if (RBASIC(result)->klass) {
-		rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "flatten reentered");
-	    }
-	    if (NIL_P(tmp) || (level >= 0 && RARRAY_LEN(stack) / 2 >= level)) {
-		rb_ary_push(result, elt);
-	    }
-	    else {
-		*modified = 1;
-		id = (st_data_t)tmp;
-		if (st_lookup(memo, id, 0)) {
-		    st_free_table(memo);
-		    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "tried to flatten recursive array");
-		}
-		st_insert(memo, id, (st_data_t)Qtrue);
-		rb_ary_push(stack, ary);
-		rb_ary_push(stack, LONG2NUM(i));
-		ary = tmp;
-		i = 0;
-	    }
-	}
-	if (RARRAY_LEN(stack) == 0) {
-	    break;
-	}
-	id = (st_data_t)ary;
-	st_delete(memo, &id, 0);
-	tmp = rb_ary_pop(stack);
-	i = NUM2LONG(tmp);
-	ary = rb_ary_pop(stack);
-    }
-    st_free_table(memo);
-    RBASIC(result)->klass = rb_class_of(ary);
-    return result;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.flatten! -> array or nil
- *     array.flatten!(level) -> array or nil
- *
- *  Flattens _self_ in place.
- *  Returns <code>nil</code> if no modifications were made (i.e.,
- *  <i>array</i> contains no subarrays.)  If the optional <i>level</i>
- *  argument determines the level of recursion to flatten.
- *
- *     a = [ 1, 2, [3, [4, 5] ] ]
- *     a.flatten!   #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
- *     a.flatten!   #=> nil
- *     a            #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
- *     a = [ 1, 2, [3, [4, 5] ] ]
- *     a.flatten!(1) #=> [1, 2, 3, [4, 5]]
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_flatten_bang(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
-{
-    int mod = 0, level = -1;
-    VALUE result, lv;
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &lv);
-    if (!NIL_P(lv)) level = NUM2INT(lv);
-    if (level == 0) return Qnil;
-    result = flatten(ary, level, &mod);
-    if (mod == 0) return Qnil;
-    rb_ary_replace(ary, result);
-    return ary;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.flatten -> an_array
- *     array.flatten(level) -> an_array
- *
- *  Returns a new array that is a one-dimensional flattening of this
- *  array (recursively). That is, for every element that is an array,
- *  extract its elements into the new array.  If the optional
- *  <i>level</i> argument determines the level of recursion to flatten.
- *
- *     s = [ 1, 2, 3 ]           #=> [1, 2, 3]
- *     t = [ 4, 5, 6, [7, 8] ]   #=> [4, 5, 6, [7, 8]]
- *     a = [ s, t, 9, 10 ]       #=> [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6, [7, 8]], 9, 10]
- *     a.flatten                 #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
- *     a = [ 1, 2, [3, [4, 5] ] ]
- *     a.flatten(1)              #=> [1, 2, 3, [4, 5]]
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_flatten(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
-{
-    int mod = 0, level = -1;
-    VALUE result, lv;
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &lv);
-    if (!NIL_P(lv)) level = NUM2INT(lv);
-    if (level == 0) return ary_make_shared_copy(ary);
-    result = flatten(ary, level, &mod);
-    OBJ_INFECT(result, ary);
-    return result;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.shuffle!        -> array
- *
- *  Shuffles elements in _self_ in place.
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_shuffle_bang(VALUE ary)
-{
-    long i = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-    rb_ary_modify(ary);
-    while (i) {
-	long j = rb_genrand_real()*i;
-	VALUE tmp = RARRAY_PTR(ary)[--i];
-	RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i] = RARRAY_PTR(ary)[j];
-	RARRAY_PTR(ary)[j] = tmp;
-    }
-    return ary;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.shuffle -> an_array
- *
- *  Returns a new array with elements of this array shuffled.
- *
- *     a = [ 1, 2, 3 ]           #=> [1, 2, 3]
- *     a.shuffle                 #=> [2, 3, 1]
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_shuffle(VALUE ary)
-{
-    ary = rb_ary_dup(ary);
-    rb_ary_shuffle_bang(ary);
-    return ary;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.sample        -> obj
- *     array.sample(n)     -> an_array
- *
- *  Choose a random element, or the random +n+ elements, from the array.
- *  If the array is empty, the first form returns <code>nil</code>, and the
- *  second form returns an empty array.
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_sample(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
-{
-    VALUE nv, result, *ptr;
-    long n, len, i, j, k, idx[10];
-    len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-    if (argc == 0) {
-	if (len == 0) return Qnil;
-	i = len == 1 ? 0 : rb_genrand_real()*len;
-	return RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i];
-    }
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1", &nv);
-    n = NUM2LONG(nv);
-    if (n < 0) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "negative sample number");
-    ptr = RARRAY_PTR(ary);
-    len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-    if (n > len) n = len;
-    switch (n) {
-      case 0: return rb_ary_new2(0);
-      case 1:
-	return rb_ary_new4(1, &ptr[(long)(rb_genrand_real()*len)]);
-      case 2:
-	i = rb_genrand_real()*len;
-	j = rb_genrand_real()*(len-1);
-	if (j >= i) j++;
-	return rb_ary_new3(2, ptr[i], ptr[j]);
-      case 3:
-	i = rb_genrand_real()*len;
-	j = rb_genrand_real()*(len-1);
-	k = rb_genrand_real()*(len-2);
-	{
-	    long l = j, g = i;
-	    if (j >= i) l = i, g = ++j;
-	    if (k >= l && (++k >= g)) ++k;
-	}
-	return rb_ary_new3(3, ptr[i], ptr[j], ptr[k]);
-    }
-    if (n < sizeof(idx)/sizeof(idx[0])) {
-	long sorted[sizeof(idx)/sizeof(idx[0])];
-	sorted[0] = idx[0] = rb_genrand_real()*len;
-	for (i=1; i<n; i++) {
-	    k = rb_genrand_real()*--len;
-	    for (j = 0; j < i; ++j) {
-		if (k < sorted[j]) break;
-		++k;
-	    }
-	    memmove(&sorted[j+1], &sorted[j], sizeof(sorted[0])*(i-j));
-	    sorted[j] = idx[i] = k;
-	}
-	result = rb_ary_new2(n);
-	for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
-	    RARRAY_PTR(result)[i] = RARRAY_PTR(ary)[idx[i]];
-	}
-    }
-    else {
-	result = rb_ary_new4(len, ptr);
-	RB_GC_GUARD(ary);
-	for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
-	    j = (long)(rb_genrand_real()*(len-i)) + i;
-	    nv = RARRAY_PTR(result)[j];
-	    RARRAY_PTR(result)[j] = RARRAY_PTR(result)[i];
-	    RARRAY_PTR(result)[i] = nv;
-	}
-    }
-    ARY_SET_LEN(result, n);
-    return result;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ary.cycle {|obj| block }
- *     ary.cycle(n) {|obj| block }
- *
- *  Calls <i>block</i> for each element repeatedly _n_ times or
- *  forever if none or nil is given.  If a non-positive number is
- *  given or the array is empty, does nothing.  Returns nil if the
- *  loop has finished without getting interrupted.
- *
- *     a = ["a", "b", "c"]
- *     a.cycle {|x| puts x }  # print, a, b, c, a, b, c,.. forever.
- *     a.cycle(2) {|x| puts x }  # print, a, b, c, a, b, c.
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_cycle(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
-{
-    long n, i;
-    VALUE nv = Qnil;
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &nv);
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, argc, argv);
-    if (NIL_P(nv)) {
-        n = -1;
-    }
-    else {
-        n = NUM2LONG(nv);
-        if (n <= 0) return Qnil;
-    }
-    while (RARRAY_LEN(ary) > 0 && (n < 0 || 0 < n--)) {
-        for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-            rb_yield(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]);
-        }
-    }
-    return Qnil;
-}
-#define tmpbuf(n, size) rb_str_tmp_new((n)*(size))
-/*
- * Recursively compute permutations of r elements of the set [0..n-1].
- * When we have a complete permutation of array indexes, copy the values
- * at those indexes into a new array and yield that array.
- *
- * n: the size of the set
- * r: the number of elements in each permutation
- * p: the array (of size r) that we're filling in
- * index: what index we're filling in now
- * used: an array of booleans: whether a given index is already used
- * values: the Ruby array that holds the actual values to permute
- */
-static void
-permute0(long n, long r, long *p, long index, int *used, VALUE values)
-{
-    long i,j;
-    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-	if (used[i] == 0) {
-	    p[index] = i;
-	    if (index < r-1) {             /* if not done yet */
-		used[i] = 1;               /* mark index used */
-		permute0(n, r, p, index+1, /* recurse */
-			 used, values);
-		used[i] = 0;               /* index unused */
-	    }
-	    else {
-		/* We have a complete permutation of array indexes */
-		/* Build a ruby array of the corresponding values */
-		/* And yield it to the associated block */
-		VALUE result = rb_ary_new2(r);
-		VALUE *result_array = RARRAY_PTR(result);
-		const VALUE *values_array = RARRAY_PTR(values);
-		for (j = 0; j < r; j++) result_array[j] = values_array[p[j]];
-		ARY_SET_LEN(result, r);
-		rb_yield(result);
-	    }
-	}
-    }
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ary.permutation { |p| block }          -> array
- *     ary.permutation                        -> enumerator
- *     ary.permutation(n) { |p| block }       -> array
- *     ary.permutation(n)                     -> enumerator
- *
- * When invoked with a block, yield all permutations of length <i>n</i>
- * of the elements of <i>ary</i>, then return the array itself.
- * If <i>n</i> is not specified, yield all permutations of all elements.
- * The implementation makes no guarantees about the order in which
- * the permutations are yielded.
- *
- * When invoked without a block, return an enumerator object instead.
- *
- * Examples:
- *
- *     a = [1, 2, 3]
- *     a.permutation.to_a     #=> [[1,2,3],[1,3,2],[2,1,3],[2,3,1],[3,1,2],[3,2,1]]
- *     a.permutation(1).to_a  #=> [[1],[2],[3]]
- *     a.permutation(2).to_a  #=> [[1,2],[1,3],[2,1],[2,3],[3,1],[3,2]]
- *     a.permutation(3).to_a  #=> [[1,2,3],[1,3,2],[2,1,3],[2,3,1],[3,1,2],[3,2,1]]
- *     a.permutation(0).to_a  #=> [[]] # one permutation of length 0
- *     a.permutation(4).to_a  #=> []   # no permutations of length 4
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_permutation(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
-{
-    VALUE num;
-    long r, n, i;
-    n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);                  /* Array length */
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, argc, argv);   /* Return enumerator if no block */
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &num);
-    r = NIL_P(num) ? n : NUM2LONG(num);   /* Permutation size from argument */
-    if (r < 0 || n < r) {
-	/* no permutations: yield nothing */
-    }
-    else if (r == 0) { /* exactly one permutation: the zero-length array */
-	rb_yield(rb_ary_new2(0));
-    }
-    else if (r == 1) { /* this is a special, easy case */
-	for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	    rb_yield(rb_ary_new3(1, RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]));
-	}
-    }
-    else {             /* this is the general case */
-	volatile VALUE t0 = tmpbuf(n,sizeof(long));
-	long *p = (long*)RSTRING_PTR(t0);
-	volatile VALUE t1 = tmpbuf(n,sizeof(int));
-	int *used = (int*)RSTRING_PTR(t1);
-	VALUE ary0 = ary_make_substitution(ary); /* private defensive copy of ary */
-	RBASIC(ary0)->klass = 0;
-	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) used[i] = 0; /* initialize array */
-	permute0(n, r, p, 0, used, ary0); /* compute and yield permutations */
-	RB_GC_GUARD(t0);
-	RB_GC_GUARD(t1);
-	RBASIC(ary0)->klass = rb_cArray;
-    }
-    return ary;
-}
-static long
-combi_len(long n, long k)
-{
-    long i, val = 1;
-    if (k*2 > n) k = n-k;
-    if (k == 0) return 1;
-    if (k < 0) return 0;
-    val = 1;
-    for (i=1; i <= k; i++,n--) {
-	long m = val;
-	val *= n;
-	if (val < m) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "too big for combination");
-	}
-	val /= i;
-    }
-    return val;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ary.combination(n) { |c| block }    -> ary
- *     ary.combination(n)                  -> enumerator
- *
- * When invoked with a block, yields all combinations of length <i>n</i>
- * of elements from <i>ary</i> and then returns <i>ary</i> itself.
- * The implementation makes no guarantees about the order in which
- * the combinations are yielded.
- *
- * When invoked without a block, returns an enumerator object instead.
- *
- * Examples:
- *
- *     a = [1, 2, 3, 4]
- *     a.combination(1).to_a  #=> [[1],[2],[3],[4]]
- *     a.combination(2).to_a  #=> [[1,2],[1,3],[1,4],[2,3],[2,4],[3,4]]
- *     a.combination(3).to_a  #=> [[1,2,3],[1,2,4],[1,3,4],[2,3,4]]
- *     a.combination(4).to_a  #=> [[1,2,3,4]]
- *     a.combination(0).to_a  #=> [[]] # one combination of length 0
- *     a.combination(5).to_a  #=> []   # no combinations of length 5
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_combination(VALUE ary, VALUE num)
-{
-    long n, i, len;
-    n = NUM2LONG(num);
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 1, &num);
-    len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-    if (n < 0 || len < n) {
-	/* yield nothing */
-    }
-    else if (n == 0) {
-	rb_yield(rb_ary_new2(0));
-    }
-    else if (n == 1) {
-	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-	    rb_yield(rb_ary_new3(1, RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]));
-	}
-    }
-    else {
-	volatile VALUE t0 = tmpbuf(n+1, sizeof(long));
-	long *stack = (long*)RSTRING_PTR(t0);
-	long nlen = combi_len(len, n);
-	volatile VALUE cc = rb_ary_new2(n);
-	VALUE *chosen = RARRAY_PTR(cc);
-	long lev = 0;
-	RBASIC(cc)->klass = 0;
-	MEMZERO(stack, long, n);
-	stack[0] = -1;
-	for (i = 0; i < nlen; i++) {
-	    chosen[lev] = RARRAY_PTR(ary)[stack[lev+1]];
-	    for (lev++; lev < n; lev++) {
-		chosen[lev] = RARRAY_PTR(ary)[stack[lev+1] = stack[lev]+1];
-	    }
-	    rb_yield(rb_ary_new4(n, chosen));
-	    do {
-		stack[lev--]++;
-	    } while (lev && (stack[lev+1]+n == len+lev+1));
-	}
-    }
-    return ary;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ary.product(other_ary, ...)
- *
- *  Returns an array of all combinations of elements from all arrays.
- *  The length of the returned array is the product of the length
- *  of ary and the argument arrays
- *
- *     [1,2,3].product([4,5])     # => [[1,4],[1,5],[2,4],[2,5],[3,4],[3,5]]
- *     [1,2].product([1,2])       # => [[1,1],[1,2],[2,1],[2,2]]
- *     [1,2].product([3,4],[5,6]) # => [[1,3,5],[1,3,6],[1,4,5],[1,4,6],
- *                                #     [2,3,5],[2,3,6],[2,4,5],[2,4,6]]
- *     [1,2].product()            # => [[1],[2]]
- *     [1,2].product([])          # => []
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_product(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
-{
-    int n = argc+1;    /* How many arrays we're operating on */
-    volatile VALUE t0 = tmpbuf(n, sizeof(VALUE));
-    volatile VALUE t1 = tmpbuf(n, sizeof(int));
-    VALUE *arrays = (VALUE*)RSTRING_PTR(t0); /* The arrays we're computing the product of */
-    int *counters = (int*)RSTRING_PTR(t1); /* The current position in each one */
-    VALUE result;      /* The array we'll be returning */
-    long i,j;
-    long resultlen = 1;
-    RBASIC(t0)->klass = 0;
-    RBASIC(t1)->klass = 0;
-    /* initialize the arrays of arrays */
-    arrays[0] = ary;
-    for (i = 1; i < n; i++) arrays[i] = to_ary(argv[i-1]);
-    /* initialize the counters for the arrays */
-    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) counters[i] = 0;
-    /* Compute the length of the result array; return [] if any is empty */
-    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-	long k = RARRAY_LEN(arrays[i]), l = resultlen;
-	if (k == 0) return rb_ary_new2(0);
-	resultlen *= k;
-	if (resultlen < k || resultlen < l || resultlen / k != l) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "too big to product");
-	}
-    }
-    /* Otherwise, allocate and fill in an array of results */
-    result = rb_ary_new2(resultlen);
-    for (i = 0; i < resultlen; i++) {
-	int m;
-	/* fill in one subarray */
-	VALUE subarray = rb_ary_new2(n);
-	for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
-	    rb_ary_push(subarray, rb_ary_entry(arrays[j], counters[j]));
-	}
-	/* put it on the result array */
-	rb_ary_push(result, subarray);
-	/*
-	 * Increment the last counter.  If it overflows, reset to 0
-	 * and increment the one before it.
-	 */
-	m = n-1;
-	counters[m]++;
-	while (m > 0 && counters[m] == RARRAY_LEN(arrays[m])) {
-	    counters[m] = 0;
-	    m--;
-	    counters[m]++;
-	}
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ary.take(n)               => array
- *
- *  Returns first n elements from <i>ary</i>.
- *
- *     a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0]
- *     a.take(3)             # => [1, 2, 3]
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_take(VALUE obj, VALUE n)
-{
-    long len = NUM2LONG(n);
-    if (len < 0) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "attempt to take negative size");
-    }
-    return rb_ary_subseq(obj, 0, len);
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ary.take_while {|arr| block }   => array
- *
- *  Passes elements to the block until the block returns nil or false,
- *  then stops iterating and returns an array of all prior elements.
- *
- *     a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0]
- *     a.take_while {|i| i < 3 }   # => [1, 2]
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_take_while(VALUE ary)
-{
-    long i;
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
-    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	if (!RTEST(rb_yield(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]))) break;
-    }
-    return rb_ary_take(ary, LONG2FIX(i));
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ary.drop(n)               => array
- *
- *  Drops first n elements from <i>ary</i>, and returns rest elements
- *  in an array.
- *
- *     a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0]
- *     a.drop(3)             # => [4, 5, 0]
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_drop(VALUE ary, VALUE n)
-{
-    VALUE result;
-    long pos = NUM2LONG(n);
-    if (pos < 0) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "attempt to drop negative size");
-    }
-    result = rb_ary_subseq(ary, pos, RARRAY_LEN(ary));
-    if (result == Qnil) result = rb_ary_new();
-    return result;
-}
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ary.drop_while {|arr| block }   => array
- *
- *  Drops elements up to, but not including, the first element for
- *  which the block returns nil or false and returns an array
- *  containing the remaining elements.
- *
- *     a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0]
- *     a.drop_while {|i| i < 3 }   # => [3, 4, 5, 0]
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_drop_while(VALUE ary)
-{
-    long i;
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
-    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	if (!RTEST(rb_yield(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]))) break;
-    }
-    return rb_ary_drop(ary, LONG2FIX(i));
-}
-/* Arrays are ordered, integer-indexed collections of any object.
- * Array indexing starts at 0, as in C or Java.  A negative index is
- * assumed to be relative to the end of the array---that is, an index of -1
- * indicates the last element of the array, -2 is the next to last
- * element in the array, and so on.
- */
-void
-Init_Array(void)
-{
-#undef rb_intern
-#define rb_intern(str) rb_intern_const(str)
-    rb_cArray  = rb_define_class("Array", rb_cObject);
-    rb_include_module(rb_cArray, rb_mEnumerable);
-    rb_define_alloc_func(rb_cArray, ary_alloc);
-    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cArray, "[]", rb_ary_s_create, -1);
-    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cArray, "try_convert", rb_ary_s_try_convert, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "initialize", rb_ary_initialize, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "initialize_copy", rb_ary_replace, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "to_s", rb_ary_inspect, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "inspect", rb_ary_inspect, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "to_a", rb_ary_to_a, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "to_ary", rb_ary_to_ary_m, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "frozen?",  rb_ary_frozen_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "==", rb_ary_equal, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "eql?", rb_ary_eql, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "hash", rb_ary_hash, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "[]", rb_ary_aref, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "[]=", rb_ary_aset, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "at", rb_ary_at, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "fetch", rb_ary_fetch, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "first", rb_ary_first, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "last", rb_ary_last, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "concat", rb_ary_concat, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "<<", rb_ary_push, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "push", rb_ary_push_m, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "pop", rb_ary_pop_m, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "shift", rb_ary_shift_m, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "unshift", rb_ary_unshift_m, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "insert", rb_ary_insert, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "each", rb_ary_each, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "each_index", rb_ary_each_index, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "reverse_each", rb_ary_reverse_each, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "length", rb_ary_length, 0);
-    rb_define_alias(rb_cArray,  "size", "length");
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "empty?", rb_ary_empty_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "find_index", rb_ary_index, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "index", rb_ary_index, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "rindex", rb_ary_rindex, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "join", rb_ary_join_m, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "reverse", rb_ary_reverse_m, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "reverse!", rb_ary_reverse_bang, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "sort", rb_ary_sort, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "sort!", rb_ary_sort_bang, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "collect", rb_ary_collect, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "collect!", rb_ary_collect_bang, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "map", rb_ary_collect, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "map!", rb_ary_collect_bang, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "select", rb_ary_select, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "values_at", rb_ary_values_at, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "delete", rb_ary_delete, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "delete_at", rb_ary_delete_at_m, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "delete_if", rb_ary_delete_if, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "reject", rb_ary_reject, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "reject!", rb_ary_reject_bang, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "zip", rb_ary_zip, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "transpose", rb_ary_transpose, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "replace", rb_ary_replace, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "clear", rb_ary_clear, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "fill", rb_ary_fill, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "include?", rb_ary_includes, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "<=>", rb_ary_cmp, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "slice", rb_ary_aref, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "slice!", rb_ary_slice_bang, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "assoc", rb_ary_assoc, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "rassoc", rb_ary_rassoc, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "+", rb_ary_plus, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "*", rb_ary_times, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "-", rb_ary_diff, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "&", rb_ary_and, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "|", rb_ary_or, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "uniq", rb_ary_uniq, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "uniq!", rb_ary_uniq_bang, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "compact", rb_ary_compact, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "compact!", rb_ary_compact_bang, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "flatten", rb_ary_flatten, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "flatten!", rb_ary_flatten_bang, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "count", rb_ary_count, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "shuffle!", rb_ary_shuffle_bang, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "shuffle", rb_ary_shuffle, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "sample", rb_ary_sample, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "cycle", rb_ary_cycle, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "permutation", rb_ary_permutation, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "combination", rb_ary_combination, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "product", rb_ary_product, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "take", rb_ary_take, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "take_while", rb_ary_take_while, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "drop", rb_ary_drop, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "drop_while", rb_ary_drop_while, 0);
-    id_cmp = rb_intern("<=>");
-}