challah 0.5.4 → 0.6.0

data/vendor/bundle/gems/actionpack-3.2.3/lib/action_dispatch/routing/mapper.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1507 @@
+require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/except'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/object/inclusion'
+require 'active_support/inflector'
+require 'action_dispatch/routing/redirection'
+
+module ActionDispatch
+  module Routing
+    class Mapper
+      class Constraints #:nodoc:
+        def self.new(app, constraints, request = Rack::Request)
+          if constraints.any?
+            super(app, constraints, request)
+          else
+            app
+          end
+        end
+
+        attr_reader :app, :constraints
+
+        def initialize(app, constraints, request)
+          @app, @constraints, @request = app, constraints, request
+        end
+
+        def matches?(env)
+          req = @request.new(env)
+
+          @constraints.each { |constraint|
+            if constraint.respond_to?(:matches?) && !constraint.matches?(req)
+              return false
+            elsif constraint.respond_to?(:call) && !constraint.call(*constraint_args(constraint, req))
+              return false
+            end
+          }
+
+          return true
+        end
+
+        def call(env)
+          matches?(env) ? @app.call(env) : [ 404, {'X-Cascade' => 'pass'}, [] ]
+        end
+
+        private
+          def constraint_args(constraint, request)
+            constraint.arity == 1 ? [request] : [request.symbolized_path_parameters, request]
+          end
+      end
+
+      class Mapping #:nodoc:
+        IGNORE_OPTIONS = [:to, :as, :via, :on, :constraints, :defaults, :only, :except, :anchor, :shallow, :shallow_path, :shallow_prefix]
+        ANCHOR_CHARACTERS_REGEX = %r{\A(\\A|\^)|(\\Z|\\z|\$)\Z}
+        SHORTHAND_REGEX = %r{/[\w/]+$}
+        WILDCARD_PATH = %r{\*([^/\)]+)\)?$}
+
+        def initialize(set, scope, path, options)
+          @set, @scope = set, scope
+          @options = (@scope[:options] || {}).merge(options)
+          @path = normalize_path(path)
+          normalize_options!
+        end
+
+        def to_route
+          [ app, conditions, requirements, defaults, @options[:as], @options[:anchor] ]
+        end
+
+        private
+
+          def normalize_options!
+            path_without_format = @path.sub(/\(\.:format\)$/, '')
+
+            if using_match_shorthand?(path_without_format, @options)
+              to_shorthand    = @options[:to].blank?
+              @options[:to] ||= path_without_format.gsub(/\(.*\)/, "")[1..-1].sub(%r{/([^/]*)$}, '#\1')
+            end
+
+            @options.merge!(default_controller_and_action(to_shorthand))
+
+            requirements.each do |name, requirement|
+              # segment_keys.include?(k.to_s) || k == :controller
+              next unless Regexp === requirement && !constraints[name]
+
+              if requirement.source =~ ANCHOR_CHARACTERS_REGEX
+                raise ArgumentError, "Regexp anchor characters are not allowed in routing requirements: #{requirement.inspect}"
+              end
+              if requirement.multiline?
+                raise ArgumentError, "Regexp multiline option not allowed in routing requirements: #{requirement.inspect}"
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          # match "account/overview"
+          def using_match_shorthand?(path, options)
+            path && (options[:to] || options[:action]).nil? && path =~ SHORTHAND_REGEX
+          end
+
+          def normalize_path(path)
+            raise ArgumentError, "path is required" if path.blank?
+            path = Mapper.normalize_path(path)
+
+            if path.match(':controller')
+              raise ArgumentError, ":controller segment is not allowed within a namespace block" if @scope[:module]
+
+              # Add a default constraint for :controller path segments that matches namespaced
+              # controllers with default routes like :controller/:action/:id(.:format), e.g:
+              # GET /admin/products/show/1
+              # => { :controller => 'admin/products', :action => 'show', :id => '1' }
+              @options[:controller] ||= /.+?/
+            end
+
+            # Add a constraint for wildcard route to make it non-greedy and match the
+            # optional format part of the route by default
+            if path.match(WILDCARD_PATH) && @options[:format] != false
+              @options[$1.to_sym] ||= /.+?/
+            end
+
+            if @options[:format] == false
+              @options.delete(:format)
+              path
+            elsif path.include?(":format") || path.end_with?('/')
+              path
+            elsif @options[:format] == true
+              "#{path}.:format"
+            else
+              "#{path}(.:format)"
+            end
+          end
+
+          def app
+            Constraints.new(
+              to.respond_to?(:call) ? to : Routing::RouteSet::Dispatcher.new(:defaults => defaults),
+              blocks,
+              @set.request_class
+            )
+          end
+
+          def conditions
+            { :path_info => @path }.merge(constraints).merge(request_method_condition)
+          end
+
+          def requirements
+            @requirements ||= (@options[:constraints].is_a?(Hash) ? @options[:constraints] : {}).tap do |requirements|
+              requirements.reverse_merge!(@scope[:constraints]) if @scope[:constraints]
+              @options.each { |k, v| requirements[k] = v if v.is_a?(Regexp) }
+            end
+          end
+
+          def defaults
+            @defaults ||= (@options[:defaults] || {}).tap do |defaults|
+              defaults.reverse_merge!(@scope[:defaults]) if @scope[:defaults]
+              @options.each { |k, v| defaults[k] = v unless v.is_a?(Regexp) || IGNORE_OPTIONS.include?(k.to_sym) }
+            end
+          end
+
+          def default_controller_and_action(to_shorthand=nil)
+            if to.respond_to?(:call)
+              { }
+            else
+              if to.is_a?(String)
+                controller, action = to.split('#')
+              elsif to.is_a?(Symbol)
+                action = to.to_s
+              end
+
+              controller ||= default_controller
+              action     ||= default_action
+
+              unless controller.is_a?(Regexp) || to_shorthand
+                controller = [@scope[:module], controller].compact.join("/").presence
+              end
+
+              if controller.is_a?(String) && controller =~ %r{\A/}
+                raise ArgumentError, "controller name should not start with a slash"
+              end
+
+              controller = controller.to_s unless controller.is_a?(Regexp)
+              action     = action.to_s     unless action.is_a?(Regexp)
+
+              if controller.blank? && segment_keys.exclude?("controller")
+                raise ArgumentError, "missing :controller"
+              end
+
+              if action.blank? && segment_keys.exclude?("action")
+                raise ArgumentError, "missing :action"
+              end
+
+              hash = {}
+              hash[:controller] = controller unless controller.blank?
+              hash[:action]     = action unless action.blank?
+              hash
+            end
+          end
+
+          def blocks
+            constraints = @options[:constraints]
+            if constraints.present? && !constraints.is_a?(Hash)
+              [constraints]
+            else
+              @scope[:blocks] || []
+            end
+          end
+
+          def constraints
+            @constraints ||= requirements.reject { |k, v| segment_keys.include?(k.to_s) || k == :controller }
+          end
+
+          def request_method_condition
+            if via = @options[:via]
+              list = Array(via).map { |m| m.to_s.dasherize.upcase }
+              { :request_method => list }
+            else
+              { }
+            end
+          end
+
+          def segment_keys
+            @segment_keys ||= Journey::Path::Pattern.new(
+              Journey::Router::Strexp.compile(@path, requirements, SEPARATORS)
+            ).names
+          end
+
+          def to
+            @options[:to]
+          end
+
+          def default_controller
+            @options[:controller] || @scope[:controller]
+          end
+
+          def default_action
+            @options[:action] || @scope[:action]
+          end
+      end
+
+      # Invokes Rack::Mount::Utils.normalize path and ensure that
+      # (:locale) becomes (/:locale) instead of /(:locale). Except
+      # for root cases, where the latter is the correct one.
+      def self.normalize_path(path)
+        path = Journey::Router::Utils.normalize_path(path)
+        path.gsub!(%r{/(\(+)/?}, '\1/') unless path =~ %r{^/\(+[^/]+\)$}
+        path
+      end
+
+      def self.normalize_name(name)
+        normalize_path(name)[1..-1].gsub("/", "_")
+      end
+
+      module Base
+        # You can specify what Rails should route "/" to with the root method:
+        #
+        #   root :to => 'pages#main'
+        #
+        # For options, see +match+, as +root+ uses it internally.
+        #
+        # You should put the root route at the top of <tt>config/routes.rb</tt>,
+        # because this means it will be matched first. As this is the most popular route
+        # of most Rails applications, this is beneficial.
+        def root(options = {})
+          match '/', { :as => :root }.merge(options)
+        end
+
+        # Matches a url pattern to one or more routes. Any symbols in a pattern
+        # are interpreted as url query parameters and thus available as +params+
+        # in an action:
+        #
+        #   # sets :controller, :action and :id in params
+        #   match ':controller/:action/:id'
+        #
+        # Two of these symbols are special, +:controller+ maps to the controller
+        # and +:action+ to the controller's action. A pattern can also map
+        # wildcard segments (globs) to params:
+        #
+        #   match 'songs/*category/:title' => 'songs#show'
+        #
+        #   # 'songs/rock/classic/stairway-to-heaven' sets
+        #   #  params[:category] = 'rock/classic'
+        #   #  params[:title] = 'stairway-to-heaven'
+        #
+        # When a pattern points to an internal route, the route's +:action+ and
+        # +:controller+ should be set in options or hash shorthand. Examples:
+        #
+        #   match 'photos/:id' => 'photos#show'
+        #   match 'photos/:id', :to => 'photos#show'
+        #   match 'photos/:id', :controller => 'photos', :action => 'show'
+        #
+        # A pattern can also point to a +Rack+ endpoint i.e. anything that
+        # responds to +call+:
+        #
+        #   match 'photos/:id' => lambda {|hash| [200, {}, "Coming soon"] }
+        #   match 'photos/:id' => PhotoRackApp
+        #   # Yes, controller actions are just rack endpoints
+        #   match 'photos/:id' => PhotosController.action(:show)
+        #
+        # === Options
+        #
+        # Any options not seen here are passed on as params with the url.
+        #
+        # [:controller]
+        #   The route's controller.
+        #
+        # [:action]
+        #   The route's action.
+        #
+        # [:path]
+        #   The path prefix for the routes.
+        #
+        # [:module]
+        #   The namespace for :controller.
+        #
+        #     match 'path' => 'c#a', :module => 'sekret', :controller => 'posts'
+        #     #=> Sekret::PostsController
+        #
+        #   See <tt>Scoping#namespace</tt> for its scope equivalent.
+        #
+        # [:as]
+        #   The name used to generate routing helpers.
+        #
+        # [:via]
+        #   Allowed HTTP verb(s) for route.
+        #
+        #      match 'path' => 'c#a', :via => :get
+        #      match 'path' => 'c#a', :via => [:get, :post]
+        #
+        # [:to]
+        #   Points to a +Rack+ endpoint. Can be an object that responds to
+        #   +call+ or a string representing a controller's action.
+        #
+        #      match 'path', :to => 'controller#action'
+        #      match 'path', :to => lambda { |env| [200, {}, "Success!"] }
+        #      match 'path', :to => RackApp
+        #
+        # [:on]
+        #   Shorthand for wrapping routes in a specific RESTful context. Valid
+        #   values are +:member+, +:collection+, and +:new+. Only use within
+        #   <tt>resource(s)</tt> block. For example:
+        #
+        #      resource :bar do
+        #        match 'foo' => 'c#a', :on => :member, :via => [:get, :post]
+        #      end
+        #
+        #   Is equivalent to:
+        #
+        #      resource :bar do
+        #        member do
+        #          match 'foo' => 'c#a', :via => [:get, :post]
+        #        end
+        #      end
+        #
+        # [:constraints]
+        #   Constrains parameters with a hash of regular expressions or an
+        #   object that responds to <tt>matches?</tt>
+        #
+        #     match 'path/:id', :constraints => { :id => /[A-Z]\d{5}/ }
+        #
+        #     class Blacklist
+        #       def matches?(request) request.remote_ip == '1.2.3.4' end
+        #     end
+        #     match 'path' => 'c#a', :constraints => Blacklist.new
+        #
+        #   See <tt>Scoping#constraints</tt> for more examples with its scope
+        #   equivalent.
+        #
+        # [:defaults]
+        #   Sets defaults for parameters
+        #
+        #     # Sets params[:format] to 'jpg' by default
+        #     match 'path' => 'c#a', :defaults => { :format => 'jpg' }
+        #
+        #   See <tt>Scoping#defaults</tt> for its scope equivalent.
+        #
+        # [:anchor]
+        #   Boolean to anchor a <tt>match</tt> pattern. Default is true. When set to
+        #   false, the pattern matches any request prefixed with the given path.
+        #
+        #     # Matches any request starting with 'path'
+        #     match 'path' => 'c#a', :anchor => false
+        def match(path, options=nil)
+        end
+
+        # Mount a Rack-based application to be used within the application.
+        #
+        #   mount SomeRackApp, :at => "some_route"
+        #
+        # Alternatively:
+        #
+        #   mount(SomeRackApp => "some_route")
+        #
+        # For options, see +match+, as +mount+ uses it internally.
+        #
+        # All mounted applications come with routing helpers to access them.
+        # These are named after the class specified, so for the above example
+        # the helper is either +some_rack_app_path+ or +some_rack_app_url+.
+        # To customize this helper's name, use the +:as+ option:
+        #
+        #   mount(SomeRackApp => "some_route", :as => "exciting")
+        #
+        # This will generate the +exciting_path+ and +exciting_url+ helpers
+        # which can be used to navigate to this mounted app.
+        def mount(app, options = nil)
+          if options
+            path = options.delete(:at)
+          else
+            options = app
+            app, path = options.find { |k, v| k.respond_to?(:call) }
+            options.delete(app) if app
+          end
+
+          raise "A rack application must be specified" unless path
+
+          options[:as] ||= app_name(app)
+
+          match(path, options.merge(:to => app, :anchor => false, :format => false))
+
+          define_generate_prefix(app, options[:as])
+          self
+        end
+
+        def default_url_options=(options)
+          @set.default_url_options = options
+        end
+        alias_method :default_url_options, :default_url_options=
+
+        def with_default_scope(scope, &block)
+          scope(scope) do
+            instance_exec(&block)
+          end
+        end
+
+        private
+          def app_name(app)
+            return unless app.respond_to?(:routes)
+
+            if app.respond_to?(:railtie_name)
+              app.railtie_name
+            else
+              class_name = app.class.is_a?(Class) ? app.name : app.class.name
+              ActiveSupport::Inflector.underscore(class_name).gsub("/", "_")
+            end
+          end
+
+          def define_generate_prefix(app, name)
+            return unless app.respond_to?(:routes) && app.routes.respond_to?(:define_mounted_helper)
+
+            _route = @set.named_routes.routes[name.to_sym]
+            _routes = @set
+            app.routes.define_mounted_helper(name)
+            app.routes.class_eval do
+              define_method :_generate_prefix do |options|
+                prefix_options = options.slice(*_route.segment_keys)
+                # we must actually delete prefix segment keys to avoid passing them to next url_for
+                _route.segment_keys.each { |k| options.delete(k) }
+                prefix = _routes.url_helpers.send("#{name}_path", prefix_options)
+                prefix = '' if prefix == '/'
+                prefix
+              end
+            end
+          end
+      end
+
+      module HttpHelpers
+        # Define a route that only recognizes HTTP GET.
+        # For supported arguments, see <tt>Base#match</tt>.
+        #
+        # Example:
+        #
+        # get 'bacon', :to => 'food#bacon'
+        def get(*args, &block)
+          map_method(:get, *args, &block)
+        end
+
+        # Define a route that only recognizes HTTP POST.
+        # For supported arguments, see <tt>Base#match</tt>.
+        #
+        # Example:
+        #
+        # post 'bacon', :to => 'food#bacon'
+        def post(*args, &block)
+          map_method(:post, *args, &block)
+        end
+
+        # Define a route that only recognizes HTTP PUT.
+        # For supported arguments, see <tt>Base#match</tt>.
+        #
+        # Example:
+        #
+        # put 'bacon', :to => 'food#bacon'
+        def put(*args, &block)
+          map_method(:put, *args, &block)
+        end
+
+        # Define a route that only recognizes HTTP PUT.
+        # For supported arguments, see <tt>Base#match</tt>.
+        #
+        # Example:
+        #
+        # delete 'broccoli', :to => 'food#broccoli'
+        def delete(*args, &block)
+          map_method(:delete, *args, &block)
+        end
+
+        private
+          def map_method(method, *args, &block)
+            options = args.extract_options!
+            options[:via] = method
+            args.push(options)
+            match(*args, &block)
+            self
+          end
+      end
+
+      # You may wish to organize groups of controllers under a namespace.
+      # Most commonly, you might group a number of administrative controllers
+      # under an +admin+ namespace. You would place these controllers under
+      # the <tt>app/controllers/admin</tt> directory, and you can group them
+      # together in your router:
+      #
+      #   namespace "admin" do
+      #     resources :posts, :comments
+      #   end
+      #
+      # This will create a number of routes for each of the posts and comments
+      # controller. For <tt>Admin::PostsController</tt>, Rails will create:
+      #
+      #   GET	    /admin/posts
+      #   GET	    /admin/posts/new
+      #   POST	  /admin/posts
+      #   GET	    /admin/posts/1
+      #   GET	    /admin/posts/1/edit
+      #   PUT	    /admin/posts/1
+      #   DELETE  /admin/posts/1
+      #
+      # If you want to route /posts (without the prefix /admin) to
+      # <tt>Admin::PostsController</tt>, you could use
+      #
+      #   scope :module => "admin" do
+      #     resources :posts
+      #   end
+      #
+      # or, for a single case
+      #
+      #   resources :posts, :module => "admin"
+      #
+      # If you want to route /admin/posts to +PostsController+
+      # (without the Admin:: module prefix), you could use
+      #
+      #   scope "/admin" do
+      #     resources :posts
+      #   end
+      #
+      # or, for a single case
+      #
+      #   resources :posts, :path => "/admin/posts"
+      #
+      # In each of these cases, the named routes remain the same as if you did
+      # not use scope. In the last case, the following paths map to
+      # +PostsController+:
+      #
+      #   GET	    /admin/posts
+      #   GET	    /admin/posts/new
+      #   POST	  /admin/posts
+      #   GET	    /admin/posts/1
+      #   GET	    /admin/posts/1/edit
+      #   PUT	    /admin/posts/1
+      #   DELETE  /admin/posts/1
+      module Scoping
+        # Scopes a set of routes to the given default options.
+        #
+        # Take the following route definition as an example:
+        #
+        #   scope :path => ":account_id", :as => "account" do
+        #     resources :projects
+        #   end
+        #
+        # This generates helpers such as +account_projects_path+, just like +resources+ does.
+        # The difference here being that the routes generated are like /:account_id/projects,
+        # rather than /accounts/:account_id/projects.
+        #
+        # === Options
+        #
+        # Takes same options as <tt>Base#match</tt> and <tt>Resources#resources</tt>.
+        #
+        # === Examples
+        #
+        #   # route /posts (without the prefix /admin) to <tt>Admin::PostsController</tt>
+        #   scope :module => "admin" do
+        #     resources :posts
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   # prefix the posts resource's requests with '/admin'
+        #   scope :path => "/admin" do
+        #     resources :posts
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   # prefix the routing helper name: +sekret_posts_path+ instead of +posts_path+
+        #   scope :as => "sekret" do
+        #     resources :posts
+        #   end
+        def scope(*args)
+          options = args.extract_options!
+          options = options.dup
+
+          options[:path] = args.first if args.first.is_a?(String)
+          recover = {}
+
+          options[:constraints] ||= {}
+          unless options[:constraints].is_a?(Hash)
+            block, options[:constraints] = options[:constraints], {}
+          end
+
+          scope_options.each do |option|
+            if value = options.delete(option)
+              recover[option] = @scope[option]
+              @scope[option]  = send("merge_#{option}_scope", @scope[option], value)
+            end
+          end
+
+          recover[:block] = @scope[:blocks]
+          @scope[:blocks] = merge_blocks_scope(@scope[:blocks], block)
+
+          recover[:options] = @scope[:options]
+          @scope[:options]  = merge_options_scope(@scope[:options], options)
+
+          yield
+          self
+        ensure
+          scope_options.each do |option|
+            @scope[option] = recover[option] if recover.has_key?(option)
+          end
+
+          @scope[:options] = recover[:options]
+          @scope[:blocks]  = recover[:block]
+        end
+
+        # Scopes routes to a specific controller
+        #
+        # Example:
+        #   controller "food" do
+        #     match "bacon", :action => "bacon"
+        #   end
+        def controller(controller, options={})
+          options[:controller] = controller
+          scope(options) { yield }
+        end
+
+        # Scopes routes to a specific namespace. For example:
+        #
+        #   namespace :admin do
+        #     resources :posts
+        #   end
+        #
+        # This generates the following routes:
+        #
+        #       admin_posts GET    /admin/posts(.:format)          admin/posts#index
+        #       admin_posts POST   /admin/posts(.:format)          admin/posts#create
+        #    new_admin_post GET    /admin/posts/new(.:format)      admin/posts#new
+        #   edit_admin_post GET    /admin/posts/:id/edit(.:format) admin/posts#edit
+        #        admin_post GET    /admin/posts/:id(.:format)      admin/posts#show
+        #        admin_post PUT    /admin/posts/:id(.:format)      admin/posts#update
+        #        admin_post DELETE /admin/posts/:id(.:format)      admin/posts#destroy
+        #
+        # === Options
+        #
+        # The +:path+, +:as+, +:module+, +:shallow_path+ and +:shallow_prefix+
+        # options all default to the name of the namespace.
+        #
+        # For options, see <tt>Base#match</tt>. For +:shallow_path+ option, see
+        # <tt>Resources#resources</tt>.
+        #
+        # === Examples
+        #
+        #   # accessible through /sekret/posts rather than /admin/posts
+        #   namespace :admin, :path => "sekret" do
+        #     resources :posts
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   # maps to <tt>Sekret::PostsController</tt> rather than <tt>Admin::PostsController</tt>
+        #   namespace :admin, :module => "sekret" do
+        #     resources :posts
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   # generates +sekret_posts_path+ rather than +admin_posts_path+
+        #   namespace :admin, :as => "sekret" do
+        #     resources :posts
+        #   end
+        def namespace(path, options = {})
+          path = path.to_s
+          options = { :path => path, :as => path, :module => path,
+                      :shallow_path => path, :shallow_prefix => path }.merge!(options)
+          scope(options) { yield }
+        end
+
+        # === Parameter Restriction
+        # Allows you to constrain the nested routes based on a set of rules.
+        # For instance, in order to change the routes to allow for a dot character in the +id+ parameter:
+        #
+        #   constraints(:id => /\d+\.\d+/) do
+        #     resources :posts
+        #   end
+        #
+        # Now routes such as +/posts/1+ will no longer be valid, but +/posts/1.1+ will be.
+        # The +id+ parameter must match the constraint passed in for this example.
+        #
+        # You may use this to also restrict other parameters:
+        #
+        #   resources :posts do
+        #     constraints(:post_id => /\d+\.\d+/) do
+        #       resources :comments
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        # === Restricting based on IP
+        #
+        # Routes can also be constrained to an IP or a certain range of IP addresses:
+        #
+        #   constraints(:ip => /192.168.\d+.\d+/) do
+        #     resources :posts
+        #   end
+        #
+        # Any user connecting from the 192.168.* range will be able to see this resource,
+        # where as any user connecting outside of this range will be told there is no such route.
+        #
+        # === Dynamic request matching
+        #
+        # Requests to routes can be constrained based on specific criteria:
+        #
+        #    constraints(lambda { |req| req.env["HTTP_USER_AGENT"] =~ /iPhone/ }) do
+        #      resources :iphones
+        #    end
+        #
+        # You are able to move this logic out into a class if it is too complex for routes.
+        # This class must have a +matches?+ method defined on it which either returns +true+
+        # if the user should be given access to that route, or +false+ if the user should not.
+        #
+        #    class Iphone
+        #      def self.matches?(request)
+        #        request.env["HTTP_USER_AGENT"] =~ /iPhone/
+        #      end
+        #    end
+        #
+        # An expected place for this code would be +lib/constraints+.
+        #
+        # This class is then used like this:
+        #
+        #    constraints(Iphone) do
+        #      resources :iphones
+        #    end
+        def constraints(constraints = {})
+          scope(:constraints => constraints) { yield }
+        end
+
+        # Allows you to set default parameters for a route, such as this:
+        #   defaults :id => 'home' do
+        #     match 'scoped_pages/(:id)', :to => 'pages#show'
+        #   end
+        # Using this, the +:id+ parameter here will default to 'home'.
+        def defaults(defaults = {})
+          scope(:defaults => defaults) { yield }
+        end
+
+        private
+          def scope_options #:nodoc:
+            @scope_options ||= private_methods.grep(/^merge_(.+)_scope$/) { $1.to_sym }
+          end
+
+          def merge_path_scope(parent, child) #:nodoc:
+            Mapper.normalize_path("#{parent}/#{child}")
+          end
+
+          def merge_shallow_path_scope(parent, child) #:nodoc:
+            Mapper.normalize_path("#{parent}/#{child}")
+          end
+
+          def merge_as_scope(parent, child) #:nodoc:
+            parent ? "#{parent}_#{child}" : child
+          end
+
+          def merge_shallow_prefix_scope(parent, child) #:nodoc:
+            parent ? "#{parent}_#{child}" : child
+          end
+
+          def merge_module_scope(parent, child) #:nodoc:
+            parent ? "#{parent}/#{child}" : child
+          end
+
+          def merge_controller_scope(parent, child) #:nodoc:
+            child
+          end
+
+          def merge_path_names_scope(parent, child) #:nodoc:
+            merge_options_scope(parent, child)
+          end
+
+          def merge_constraints_scope(parent, child) #:nodoc:
+            merge_options_scope(parent, child)
+          end
+
+          def merge_defaults_scope(parent, child) #:nodoc:
+            merge_options_scope(parent, child)
+          end
+
+          def merge_blocks_scope(parent, child) #:nodoc:
+            merged = parent ? parent.dup : []
+            merged << child if child
+            merged
+          end
+
+          def merge_options_scope(parent, child) #:nodoc:
+            (parent || {}).except(*override_keys(child)).merge(child)
+          end
+
+          def merge_shallow_scope(parent, child) #:nodoc:
+            child ? true : false
+          end
+
+          def override_keys(child) #:nodoc:
+            child.key?(:only) || child.key?(:except) ? [:only, :except] : []
+          end
+      end
+
+      # Resource routing allows you to quickly declare all of the common routes
+      # for a given resourceful controller. Instead of declaring separate routes
+      # for your +index+, +show+, +new+, +edit+, +create+, +update+ and +destroy+
+      # actions, a resourceful route declares them in a single line of code:
+      #
+      #  resources :photos
+      #
+      # Sometimes, you have a resource that clients always look up without
+      # referencing an ID. A common example, /profile always shows the profile of
+      # the currently logged in user. In this case, you can use a singular resource
+      # to map /profile (rather than /profile/:id) to the show action.
+      #
+      #  resource :profile
+      #
+      # It's common to have resources that are logically children of other
+      # resources:
+      #
+      #   resources :magazines do
+      #     resources :ads
+      #   end
+      #
+      # You may wish to organize groups of controllers under a namespace. Most
+      # commonly, you might group a number of administrative controllers under
+      # an +admin+ namespace. You would place these controllers under the
+      # <tt>app/controllers/admin</tt> directory, and you can group them together
+      # in your router:
+      #
+      #   namespace "admin" do
+      #     resources :posts, :comments
+      #   end
+      #
+      # By default the +:id+ parameter doesn't accept dots. If you need to
+      # use dots as part of the +:id+ parameter add a constraint which
+      # overrides this restriction, e.g:
+      #
+      #   resources :articles, :id => /[^\/]+/
+      #
+      # This allows any character other than a slash as part of your +:id+.
+      #
+      module Resources
+        # CANONICAL_ACTIONS holds all actions that does not need a prefix or
+        # a path appended since they fit properly in their scope level.
+        VALID_ON_OPTIONS  = [:new, :collection, :member]
+        RESOURCE_OPTIONS  = [:as, :controller, :path, :only, :except]
+        CANONICAL_ACTIONS = %w(index create new show update destroy)
+
+        class Resource #:nodoc:
+          attr_reader :controller, :path, :options
+
+          def initialize(entities, options = {})
+            @name       = entities.to_s
+            @path       = (options[:path] || @name).to_s
+            @controller = (options[:controller] || @name).to_s
+            @as         = options[:as]
+            @options    = options
+          end
+
+          def default_actions
+            [:index, :create, :new, :show, :update, :destroy, :edit]
+          end
+
+          def actions
+            if only = @options[:only]
+              Array(only).map(&:to_sym)
+            elsif except = @options[:except]
+              default_actions - Array(except).map(&:to_sym)
+            else
+              default_actions
+            end
+          end
+
+          def name
+            @as || @name
+          end
+
+          def plural
+            @plural ||= name.to_s
+          end
+
+          def singular
+            @singular ||= name.to_s.singularize
+          end
+
+          alias :member_name :singular
+
+          # Checks for uncountable plurals, and appends "_index" if the plural
+          # and singular form are the same.
+          def collection_name
+            singular == plural ? "#{plural}_index" : plural
+          end
+
+          def resource_scope
+            { :controller => controller }
+          end
+
+          alias :collection_scope :path
+
+          def member_scope
+            "#{path}/:id"
+          end
+
+          def new_scope(new_path)
+            "#{path}/#{new_path}"
+          end
+
+          def nested_scope
+            "#{path}/:#{singular}_id"
+          end
+
+        end
+
+        class SingletonResource < Resource #:nodoc:
+          def initialize(entities, options)
+            super
+            @as         = nil
+            @controller = (options[:controller] || plural).to_s
+            @as         = options[:as]
+          end
+
+          def default_actions
+            [:show, :create, :update, :destroy, :new, :edit]
+          end
+
+          def plural
+            @plural ||= name.to_s.pluralize
+          end
+
+          def singular
+            @singular ||= name.to_s
+          end
+
+          alias :member_name :singular
+          alias :collection_name :singular
+
+          alias :member_scope :path
+          alias :nested_scope :path
+        end
+
+        def resources_path_names(options)
+          @scope[:path_names].merge!(options)
+        end
+
+        # Sometimes, you have a resource that clients always look up without
+        # referencing an ID. A common example, /profile always shows the
+        # profile of the currently logged in user. In this case, you can use
+        # a singular resource to map /profile (rather than /profile/:id) to
+        # the show action:
+        #
+        #   resource :geocoder
+        #
+        # creates six different routes in your application, all mapping to
+        # the +GeoCoders+ controller (note that the controller is named after
+        # the plural):
+        #
+        #   GET     /geocoder/new
+        #   POST    /geocoder
+        #   GET     /geocoder
+        #   GET     /geocoder/edit
+        #   PUT     /geocoder
+        #   DELETE  /geocoder
+        #
+        # === Options
+        # Takes same options as +resources+.
+        def resource(*resources, &block)
+          options = resources.extract_options!
+
+          if apply_common_behavior_for(:resource, resources, options, &block)
+            return self
+          end
+
+          resource_scope(:resource, SingletonResource.new(resources.pop, options)) do
+            yield if block_given?
+
+            collection do
+              post :create
+            end if parent_resource.actions.include?(:create)
+
+            new do
+              get :new
+            end if parent_resource.actions.include?(:new)
+
+            member do
+              get    :edit if parent_resource.actions.include?(:edit)
+              get    :show if parent_resource.actions.include?(:show)
+              put    :update if parent_resource.actions.include?(:update)
+              delete :destroy if parent_resource.actions.include?(:destroy)
+            end
+          end
+
+          self
+        end
+
+        # In Rails, a resourceful route provides a mapping between HTTP verbs
+        # and URLs and controller actions. By convention, each action also maps
+        # to particular CRUD operations in a database. A single entry in the
+        # routing file, such as
+        #
+        #   resources :photos
+        #
+        # creates seven different routes in your application, all mapping to
+        # the +Photos+ controller:
+        #
+        #   GET     /photos
+        #   GET     /photos/new
+        #   POST    /photos
+        #   GET     /photos/:id
+        #   GET     /photos/:id/edit
+        #   PUT     /photos/:id
+        #   DELETE  /photos/:id
+        #
+        # Resources can also be nested infinitely by using this block syntax:
+        #
+        #   resources :photos do
+        #     resources :comments
+        #   end
+        #
+        # This generates the following comments routes:
+        #
+        #   GET     /photos/:photo_id/comments
+        #   GET     /photos/:photo_id/comments/new
+        #   POST    /photos/:photo_id/comments
+        #   GET     /photos/:photo_id/comments/:id
+        #   GET     /photos/:photo_id/comments/:id/edit
+        #   PUT     /photos/:photo_id/comments/:id
+        #   DELETE  /photos/:photo_id/comments/:id
+        #
+        # === Options
+        # Takes same options as <tt>Base#match</tt> as well as:
+        #
+        # [:path_names]
+        #   Allows you to change the segment component of the +edit+ and +new+ actions.
+        #   Actions not specified are not changed.
+        #
+        #     resources :posts, :path_names => { :new => "brand_new" }
+        #
+        #   The above example will now change /posts/new to /posts/brand_new
+        #
+        # [:path]
+        #   Allows you to change the path prefix for the resource.
+        #
+        #     resources :posts, :path => 'postings'
+        #
+        #   The resource and all segments will now route to /postings instead of /posts
+        #
+        # [:only]
+        #   Only generate routes for the given actions.
+        #
+        #     resources :cows, :only => :show
+        #     resources :cows, :only => [:show, :index]
+        #
+        # [:except]
+        #   Generate all routes except for the given actions.
+        #
+        #     resources :cows, :except => :show
+        #     resources :cows, :except => [:show, :index]
+        #
+        # [:shallow]
+        #   Generates shallow routes for nested resource(s). When placed on a parent resource,
+        #   generates shallow routes for all nested resources.
+        #
+        #     resources :posts, :shallow => true do
+        #       resources :comments
+        #     end
+        #
+        #   Is the same as:
+        #
+        #     resources :posts do
+        #       resources :comments, :except => [:show, :edit, :update, :destroy]
+        #     end
+        #     resources :comments, :only => [:show, :edit, :update, :destroy]
+        #
+        #   This allows URLs for resources that otherwise would be deeply nested such
+        #   as a comment on a blog post like <tt>/posts/a-long-permalink/comments/1234</tt>
+        #   to be shortened to just <tt>/comments/1234</tt>.
+        #
+        # [:shallow_path]
+        #   Prefixes nested shallow routes with the specified path.
+        #
+        #     scope :shallow_path => "sekret" do
+        #       resources :posts do
+        #         resources :comments, :shallow => true
+        #       end
+        #     end
+        #
+        #   The +comments+ resource here will have the following routes generated for it:
+        #
+        #     post_comments    GET    /posts/:post_id/comments(.:format)
+        #     post_comments    POST   /posts/:post_id/comments(.:format)
+        #     new_post_comment GET    /posts/:post_id/comments/new(.:format)
+        #     edit_comment     GET    /sekret/comments/:id/edit(.:format)
+        #     comment          GET    /sekret/comments/:id(.:format)
+        #     comment          PUT    /sekret/comments/:id(.:format)
+        #     comment          DELETE /sekret/comments/:id(.:format)
+        #
+        # === Examples
+        #
+        #   # routes call <tt>Admin::PostsController</tt>
+        #   resources :posts, :module => "admin"
+        #
+        #   # resource actions are at /admin/posts.
+        #   resources :posts, :path => "admin/posts"
+        def resources(*resources, &block)
+          options = resources.extract_options!
+
+          if apply_common_behavior_for(:resources, resources, options, &block)
+            return self
+          end
+
+          resource_scope(:resources, Resource.new(resources.pop, options)) do
+            yield if block_given?
+
+            collection do
+              get  :index if parent_resource.actions.include?(:index)
+              post :create if parent_resource.actions.include?(:create)
+            end
+
+            new do
+              get :new
+            end if parent_resource.actions.include?(:new)
+
+            member do
+              get    :edit if parent_resource.actions.include?(:edit)
+              get    :show if parent_resource.actions.include?(:show)
+              put    :update if parent_resource.actions.include?(:update)
+              delete :destroy if parent_resource.actions.include?(:destroy)
+            end
+          end
+
+          self
+        end
+
+        # To add a route to the collection:
+        #
+        #   resources :photos do
+        #     collection do
+        #       get 'search'
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        # This will enable Rails to recognize paths such as <tt>/photos/search</tt>
+        # with GET, and route to the search action of +PhotosController+. It will also
+        # create the <tt>search_photos_url</tt> and <tt>search_photos_path</tt>
+        # route helpers.
+        def collection
+          unless resource_scope?
+            raise ArgumentError, "can't use collection outside resource(s) scope"
+          end
+
+          with_scope_level(:collection) do
+            scope(parent_resource.collection_scope) do
+              yield
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        # To add a member route, add a member block into the resource block:
+        #
+        #   resources :photos do
+        #     member do
+        #       get 'preview'
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        # This will recognize <tt>/photos/1/preview</tt> with GET, and route to the
+        # preview action of +PhotosController+. It will also create the
+        # <tt>preview_photo_url</tt> and <tt>preview_photo_path</tt> helpers.
+        def member
+          unless resource_scope?
+            raise ArgumentError, "can't use member outside resource(s) scope"
+          end
+
+          with_scope_level(:member) do
+            scope(parent_resource.member_scope) do
+              yield
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        def new
+          unless resource_scope?
+            raise ArgumentError, "can't use new outside resource(s) scope"
+          end
+
+          with_scope_level(:new) do
+            scope(parent_resource.new_scope(action_path(:new))) do
+              yield
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        def nested
+          unless resource_scope?
+            raise ArgumentError, "can't use nested outside resource(s) scope"
+          end
+
+          with_scope_level(:nested) do
+            if shallow?
+              with_exclusive_scope do
+                if @scope[:shallow_path].blank?
+                  scope(parent_resource.nested_scope, nested_options) { yield }
+                else
+                  scope(@scope[:shallow_path], :as => @scope[:shallow_prefix]) do
+                    scope(parent_resource.nested_scope, nested_options) { yield }
+                  end
+                end
+              end
+            else
+              scope(parent_resource.nested_scope, nested_options) { yield }
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        # See ActionDispatch::Routing::Mapper::Scoping#namespace
+        def namespace(path, options = {})
+          if resource_scope?
+            nested { super }
+          else
+            super
+          end
+        end
+
+        def shallow
+          scope(:shallow => true, :shallow_path => @scope[:path]) do
+            yield
+          end
+        end
+
+        def shallow?
+          parent_resource.instance_of?(Resource) && @scope[:shallow]
+        end
+
+        def match(path, *rest)
+          if rest.empty? && Hash === path
+            options  = path
+            path, to = options.find { |name, value| name.is_a?(String) }
+            options[:to] = to
+            options.delete(path)
+            paths = [path]
+          else
+            options = rest.pop || {}
+            paths = [path] + rest
+          end
+
+          options[:anchor] = true unless options.key?(:anchor)
+
+          if options[:on] && !VALID_ON_OPTIONS.include?(options[:on])
+            raise ArgumentError, "Unknown scope #{on.inspect} given to :on"
+          end
+
+          paths.each { |_path| decomposed_match(_path, options.dup) }
+          self
+        end
+
+        def decomposed_match(path, options) # :nodoc:
+          if on = options.delete(:on)
+            send(on) { decomposed_match(path, options) }
+          else
+            case @scope[:scope_level]
+            when :resources
+              nested { decomposed_match(path, options) }
+            when :resource
+              member { decomposed_match(path, options) }
+            else
+              add_route(path, options)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        def add_route(action, options) # :nodoc:
+          path = path_for_action(action, options.delete(:path))
+
+          if action.to_s =~ /^[\w\/]+$/
+            options[:action] ||= action unless action.to_s.include?("/")
+          else
+            action = nil
+          end
+
+          if !options.fetch(:as, true)
+            options.delete(:as)
+          else
+            options[:as] = name_for_action(options[:as], action)
+          end
+
+          mapping = Mapping.new(@set, @scope, path, options)
+          app, conditions, requirements, defaults, as, anchor = mapping.to_route
+          @set.add_route(app, conditions, requirements, defaults, as, anchor)
+        end
+
+        def root(options={})
+          if @scope[:scope_level] == :resources
+            with_scope_level(:root) do
+              scope(parent_resource.path) do
+                super(options)
+              end
+            end
+          else
+            super(options)
+          end
+        end
+
+        protected
+
+          def parent_resource #:nodoc:
+            @scope[:scope_level_resource]
+          end
+
+          def apply_common_behavior_for(method, resources, options, &block) #:nodoc:
+            if resources.length > 1
+              resources.each { |r| send(method, r, options, &block) }
+              return true
+            end
+
+            if resource_scope?
+              nested { send(method, resources.pop, options, &block) }
+              return true
+            end
+
+            options.keys.each do |k|
+              (options[:constraints] ||= {})[k] = options.delete(k) if options[k].is_a?(Regexp)
+            end
+
+            scope_options = options.slice!(*RESOURCE_OPTIONS)
+            unless scope_options.empty?
+              scope(scope_options) do
+                send(method, resources.pop, options, &block)
+              end
+              return true
+            end
+
+            unless action_options?(options)
+              options.merge!(scope_action_options) if scope_action_options?
+            end
+
+            false
+          end
+
+          def action_options?(options) #:nodoc:
+            options[:only] || options[:except]
+          end
+
+          def scope_action_options? #:nodoc:
+            @scope[:options] && (@scope[:options][:only] || @scope[:options][:except])
+          end
+
+          def scope_action_options #:nodoc:
+            @scope[:options].slice(:only, :except)
+          end
+
+          def resource_scope? #:nodoc:
+            [:resource, :resources].include? @scope[:scope_level]
+          end
+
+          def resource_method_scope? #:nodoc:
+            [:collection, :member, :new].include? @scope[:scope_level]
+          end
+
+          def with_exclusive_scope
+            begin
+              old_name_prefix, old_path = @scope[:as], @scope[:path]
+              @scope[:as], @scope[:path] = nil, nil
+
+              with_scope_level(:exclusive) do
+                yield
+              end
+            ensure
+              @scope[:as], @scope[:path] = old_name_prefix, old_path
+            end
+          end
+
+          def with_scope_level(kind, resource = parent_resource)
+            old, @scope[:scope_level] = @scope[:scope_level], kind
+            old_resource, @scope[:scope_level_resource] = @scope[:scope_level_resource], resource
+            yield
+          ensure
+            @scope[:scope_level] = old
+            @scope[:scope_level_resource] = old_resource
+          end
+
+          def resource_scope(kind, resource) #:nodoc:
+            with_scope_level(kind, resource) do
+              scope(parent_resource.resource_scope) do
+                yield
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          def nested_options #:nodoc:
+            options = { :as => parent_resource.member_name }
+            options[:constraints] = {
+              :"#{parent_resource.singular}_id" => id_constraint
+            } if id_constraint?
+
+            options
+          end
+
+          def id_constraint? #:nodoc:
+            @scope[:constraints] && @scope[:constraints][:id].is_a?(Regexp)
+          end
+
+          def id_constraint #:nodoc:
+            @scope[:constraints][:id]
+          end
+
+          def canonical_action?(action, flag) #:nodoc:
+            flag && resource_method_scope? && CANONICAL_ACTIONS.include?(action.to_s)
+          end
+
+          def shallow_scoping? #:nodoc:
+            shallow? && @scope[:scope_level] == :member
+          end
+
+          def path_for_action(action, path) #:nodoc:
+            prefix = shallow_scoping? ?
+              "#{@scope[:shallow_path]}/#{parent_resource.path}/:id" : @scope[:path]
+
+            path = if canonical_action?(action, path.blank?)
+              prefix.to_s
+            else
+              "#{prefix}/#{action_path(action, path)}"
+            end
+          end
+
+          def action_path(name, path = nil) #:nodoc:
+            # Ruby 1.8 can't transform empty strings to symbols
+            name = name.to_sym if name.is_a?(String) && !name.empty?
+            path || @scope[:path_names][name] || name.to_s
+          end
+
+          def prefix_name_for_action(as, action) #:nodoc:
+            if as
+              as.to_s
+            elsif !canonical_action?(action, @scope[:scope_level])
+              action.to_s
+            end
+          end
+
+          def name_for_action(as, action) #:nodoc:
+            prefix = prefix_name_for_action(as, action)
+            prefix = Mapper.normalize_name(prefix) if prefix
+            name_prefix = @scope[:as]
+
+            if parent_resource
+              return nil unless as || action
+
+              collection_name = parent_resource.collection_name
+              member_name = parent_resource.member_name
+            end
+
+            name = case @scope[:scope_level]
+            when :nested
+              [name_prefix, prefix]
+            when :collection
+              [prefix, name_prefix, collection_name]
+            when :new
+              [prefix, :new, name_prefix, member_name]
+            when :member
+              [prefix, shallow_scoping? ? @scope[:shallow_prefix] : name_prefix, member_name]
+            when :root
+              [name_prefix, collection_name, prefix]
+            else
+              [name_prefix, member_name, prefix]
+            end
+
+            if candidate = name.select(&:present?).join("_").presence
+              # If a name was not explicitly given, we check if it is valid
+              # and return nil in case it isn't. Otherwise, we pass the invalid name
+              # forward so the underlying router engine treats it and raises an exception.
+              if as.nil?
+                candidate unless @set.routes.find { |r| r.name == candidate } || candidate !~ /\A[_a-z]/i
+              else
+                candidate
+              end
+            end
+          end
+      end
+
+      def initialize(set) #:nodoc:
+        @set = set
+        @scope = { :path_names => @set.resources_path_names }
+      end
+
+      include Base
+      include HttpHelpers
+      include Redirection
+      include Scoping
+      include Resources
+    end
+  end
+end