carats 0.3.0

data/lib/carat/binding-of-caller.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+begin
+  require 'simplecc'
+rescue LoadError
+  class Continuation; end # :nodoc: # for RDoc
+  def Continuation.create(*args, &block) # :nodoc:
+    cc = nil; result = callcc {|c| cc = c; block.call(cc) if block and args.empty?}
+    result ||= args
+    return *[cc, *result]
+  end
+end
+
+class Binding; end # for RDoc
+# This method returns the binding of the method that called your
+# method. It will raise an Exception when you're not inside a method.
+#
+# It's used like this:
+#   def inc_counter(amount = 1)
+#     Binding.of_caller do |binding|
+#       # Create a lambda that will increase the variable 'counter'
+#       # in the caller of this method when called.
+#       inc = eval("lambda { |arg| counter += arg }", binding)
+#       # We can refer to amount from inside this block safely.
+#       inc.call(amount)
+#     end
+#     # No other statements can go here. Put them inside the block.
+#   end
+#   counter = 0
+#   2.times { inc_counter }
+#   counter # => 2
+#
+# Binding.of_caller must be the last statement in the method.
+# This means that you will have to put everything you want to
+# do after the call to Binding.of_caller into the block of it.
+# This should be no problem however, because Ruby has closures.
+# If you don't do this an Exception will be raised. Because of
+# the way that Binding.of_caller is implemented it has to be
+# done this way.
+def Binding.of_caller(&block)
+  old_critical = Thread.critical
+  Thread.critical = true
+  count = 0
+  cc, result, error, extra_data = Continuation.create(nil, nil)
+  error.call if error
+
+  tracer = lambda do |*args|
+    type, context, extra_data = args[0], args[4], args
+    if type == "return"
+      count += 1
+      # First this method and then calling one will return --
+      # the trace event of the second event gets the context
+      # of the method which called the method that called this
+      # method.
+      if count == 2
+        # It would be nice if we could restore the trace_func
+        # that was set before we swapped in our own one, but
+        # this is impossible without overloading set_trace_func
+        # in current Ruby.
+        set_trace_func(nil)
+        cc.call(eval("binding", context), nil, extra_data)
+      end
+    elsif type == "line" then
+      nil
+    elsif type == "c-return" and extra_data[3] == :set_trace_func then
+      nil
+    else
+      set_trace_func(nil)
+      error_msg = "Binding.of_caller used in non-method context or " +
+        "trailing statements of method using it aren't in the block."
+      cc.call(nil, lambda { raise(ArgumentError, error_msg) }, nil)
+    end
+  end
+
+  unless result
+    set_trace_func(tracer)
+    return nil
+  else
+    Thread.critical = old_critical
+    case block.arity
+      when 1 then yield(result)
+      else yield(result, extra_data)        
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/carat/byteorder.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# by Michael Neumann
+
+module ByteOrder 
+  Native = :Native
+  BigEndian = Big = Network = :BigEndian
+  LittleEndian = Little = :LittleEndian
+
+  # examines the byte order of the underlying machine
+  def byte_order
+    if [0x12345678].pack("L") == "\x12\x34\x56\x78" 
+      BigEndian
+    else
+      LittleEndian
+    end
+  end
+
+  alias byteorder byte_order 
+
+  def little_endian?
+    byte_order == LittleEndian
+  end
+
+  def big_endian?
+    byte_order == BigEndian
+  end
+
+  alias little? little_endian? 
+  alias big? big_endian?
+  alias network? big_endian?
+
+  module_function :byte_order, :byteorder
+  module_function :little_endian?, :little?
+  module_function :big_endian?, :big?, :network?
+end 

data/lib/carat/constant.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+# $Id: constants.rb,v 1.0.2 2004/11/30 transami Exp $
+=begin rdoc
+
+= Constant
+
+Large assortment of real world contants.
+
+== Synopsis
+
+  require 'trix/constant'
+  
+  puts CONSTANT::SPEED_OF_LIGHT
+
+== Legal
+
+Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 Brian Gough
+Copyright (C) 2003 Daniel Carrera
+ 
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at
+your option) any later version.
+ 
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+General Public License for more details.
+ 
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
+
+== History
+
+* v 1.0.2 2004/12/01 transami
+** Ported to Trix library.
+* v 1.0.1 2003 Daniel
+** Made the installation script a bit nicer.
+** Reorganized the documentation.
+** Added a few aliases (e.g. ATOMIC_MASS == UNIFIED_ATOMIC_MASS) and changed a few constant names.
+* v 1.0.0 2000 Brian
+** First stable version.
+** Added a test-suite, documentation and installation script.
+** There should be no bugs at this point.
+
+=end
+
+module Constant
+  
+  VERSION = "1.0.2"
+
+  #
+  #  Unit-less constants.
+  #
+
+  FINE_STRUCTURE  = 7.297352533e-3 # 1
+  AVOGADRO        = 6.02214199e23 # 1
+  YOTTA           = 1e24  # 1
+  ZETTA           = 1e21  # 1
+  EXA             = 1e18  # 1
+  PETA            = 1e15  # 1
+  TERA            = 1e12  # 1
+  GIGA            = 1e9   # 1
+  MEGA            = 1e6   # 1
+  KILO            = 1e3   # 1
+  MILLI           = 1e-3  # 1
+  MICRO           = 1e-6  # 1
+  NANO            = 1e-9  # 1
+  PICO            = 1e-12 # 1
+  FEMTO           = 1e-15 # 1
+  ATTO            = 1e-18 # 1
+  ZEPTO           = 1e-21 # 1
+  YOCTO           = 1e-24 # 1
+
+  #
+  # Constants in the MKS system (meters, kg, sec)
+  #
+
+  SPEED_OF_LIGHT  = 2.99792458e8      # m / s 
+  GRAV_CONSTANT = 6.673e-11  # m^3 / kg s^2 
+  PLANCKS_CONSTANT_H = 6.62606876e-34 # kg m^2 / s 
+  PLANCKS_CONSTANT_HBAR = 1.05457159642e-34 # kg m^2 / s 
+  VACUUM_PERMEABILITY = 1.25663706144e-6 # kg m / A^2 s^2 
+  ASTRONOMICAL_UNIT = 1.49597870691e11   # m 
+  LIGHT_YEAR      = 9.46053620707e15 # m 
+  PARSEC          = 3.08567758135e16 # m 
+  GRAV_ACCEL      = 9.80665e0        # m / s^2 
+  ELECTRON_VOLT   = 1.602176462e-19  # kg m^2 / s^2 
+  MASS_ELECTRON   = 9.10938188e-31 # kg 
+  MASS_MUON       = 1.88353109e-28 # kg 
+  MASS_PROTON     = 1.67262158e-27 # kg 
+  MASS_NEUTRON    = 1.67492716e-27 # kg 
+  RYDBERG         = 2.17987190389e-18 # kg m^2 / s^2 
+  BOLTZMANN       = 1.3806503e-23   # kg m^2 / K s^2 
+  BOHR_MAGNETON   = 9.27400899e-24  # A m^2 
+  NUCLEAR_MAGNETON = 5.05078317e-27 # A m^2 
+  ELECTRON_MAGNETIC_MOMENT = 9.28476362e-24 # A m^2 
+  PROTON_MAGNETIC_MOMENT = 1.410606633e-26  # A m^2 
+  MOLAR_GAS       = 8.314472e0       # kg m^2 / K mol s^2 
+  STANDARD_GAS_VOLUME = 2.2710981e-2 # m^3 / mol 
+  MINUTE          = 6e1        # s 
+  HOUR            = 3.6e3      # s 
+  DAY             = 8.64e4     # s 
+  WEEK            = 6.048e5    # s 
+  INCH            = 2.54e-2    # m 
+  FOOT            = 3.048e-1   # m 
+  YARD            = 9.144e-1   # m 
+  MILE            = 1.609344e3 # m 
+  NAUTICAL_MILE   = 1.852e3    # m 
+  FATHOM          = 1.8288e0   # m 
+  MIL             = 2.54e-5    # m 
+  POINT           = 3.52777777778e-4 # m 
+  TEXPOINT        = 3.51459803515e-4 # m 
+  MICRON          = 1e-6    # m 
+  ANGSTROM        = 1e-10   # m 
+  HECTARE         = 1e4     # m^2 
+  ACRE            = 4.04685642241e3 # m^2 
+  BARN            = 1e-28   # m^2 
+  LITER           = 1e-3    # m^3 
+  US_GALLON       = 3.78541178402e-3 # m^3 
+  QUART           = 9.46352946004e-4 # m^3 
+  PINT            = 4.73176473002e-4 # m^3 
+  CUP             = 2.36588236501e-4 # m^3 
+  FLUID_OUNCE     = 2.95735295626e-5 # m^3 
+  TABLESPOON      = 1.47867647813e-5 # m^3 
+  TEASPOON        = 4.92892159375e-6 # m^3 
+  CANADIAN_GALLON = 4.54609e-3  # m^3 
+  UK_GALLON       = 4.546092e-3 # m^3 
+  MILES_PER_HOUR  = 4.4704e-1   # m / s 
+  KILOMETERS_PER_HOUR = 2.77777777778e-1 # m / s 
+  KNOT            = 5.14444444444e-1 # m / s 
+  POUND_MASS      = 4.5359237e-1     # kg 
+  OUNCE_MASS      = 2.8349523125e-2  # kg 
+  TON             = 9.0718474e2      # kg 
+  METRIC_TON      = 1e3     # kg 
+  UK_TON          = 1.0160469088e3 # kg 
+  TROY_OUNCE      = 3.1103475e-2   # kg 
+  CARAT           = 2e-4    # kg 
+  UNIFIED_ATOMIC_MASS = 1.66053873e-27 # kg 
+  ATOMIC_MASS         = 1.66053873e-27 # kg 
+  GRAM_FORCE      = 9.80665e-3 # kg m / s^2 
+  POUND_FORCE     = 4.44822161526e0 # kg m / s^2 
+  KILOPOUND_FORCE = 4.44822161526e3 # kg m / s^2 
+  POUNDAL         = 1.38255e-1 # kg m / s^2 
+  CALORIE         = 4.1868e0   # kg m^2 / s^2 
+  BTU             = 1.05505585262e3 # kg m^2 / s^2 
+  THERM           = 1.05506e8  # kg m^2 / s^2 
+  HORSEPOWER      = 7.457e2    # kg m^2 / s^3 
+  BAR             = 1e5        # kg / m s^2 
+  STD_ATMOSPHERE  = 1.01325e5  # kg / m s^2 
+  TORR            = 1.33322368421e2  # kg / m s^2 
+  METER_OF_MERCURY = 1.33322368421e5 # kg / m s^2 
+  INCH_OF_MERCURY = 3.38638815789e3  # kg / m s^2 
+  INCH_OF_WATER   = 2.490889e2 # kg / m s^2 
+  PSI             = 6.89475729317e3 # kg / m s^2 
+  POISE           = 1e-1    # kg m^-1 s^-1 
+  STOKES          = 1e-4    # m^2 / s 
+  FARADAY         = 9.6485341472e4  # A s / mol 
+  ELECTRON_CHARGE = 1.602176462e-19 # A s 
+  GAUSS           = 1e-4    # kg / A s^2 
+  STILB           = 1e4     # cd / m^2 
+  LUMEN           = 1e0     # cd sr 
+  LUX             = 1e0     # cd sr / m^2 
+  PHOT            = 1e4     # cd sr / m^2 
+  FOOTCANDLE      = 1.076e1 # cd sr / m^2 
+  LAMBERT         = 1e4     # cd sr / m^2 
+  FOOTLAMBERT     = 1.07639104e1 # cd sr / m^2 
+  CURIE           = 3.7e10  # 1 / s 
+  ROENTGEN        = 2.58e-4 # A s / kg 
+  RAD             = 1e-2    # m^2 / s^2 
+  SOLAR_MASS      = 1.98892e30 # kg 
+  BOHR_RADIUS     = 5.291772083e-11 # m 
+  VACUUM_PERMITTIVITY = 8.854187817e-12 # A^2 s^4 / kg m^3 
+  NEWTON          = 1e0     # kg m / s^2 
+  DYNE            = 1e-5    # kg m / s^2 
+  JOULE           = 1e0     # kg m^2 / s^2 
+  ERG             = 1e-7    # kg m^2 / s^2 
+
+  #
+  # Constants in the CGS system (cm, kg, s)
+  #
+
+  module CGS
+      
+      SPEED_OF_LIGHT  = 2.99792458e10     # cm / s 
+      GRAVITATIONAL_CONSTANT = 6.673e-8   # cm^3 / g s^2 
+      PLANCKS_CONSTANT_H = 6.62606876e-27 # g cm^2 / s 
+      PLANCKS_CONSTANT_HBAR = 1.05457159642e-27 # g cm^2 / s 
+      VACUUM_PERMEABILITY = 1.25663706144e-1 # cm g / A^2 s^2 
+      ASTRONOMICAL_UNIT = 1.49597870691e13 # cm 
+      LIGHT_YEAR      = 9.46053620707e17   # cm 
+      PARSEC          = 3.08567758135e18   # cm 
+      GRAV_ACCEL      = 9.80665e2 # cm / s^2 
+      ELECTRON_VOLT   = 1.602176462e-12 # g cm^2 / s^2 
+      MASS_ELECTRON   = 9.10938188e-28 # g 
+      MASS_MUON       = 1.88353109e-25 # g 
+      MASS_PROTON     = 1.67262158e-24 # g 
+      MASS_NEUTRON    = 1.67492716e-24 # g 
+      RYDBERG         = 2.17987190389e-11 # g cm^2 / s^2 
+      BOLTZMANN       = 1.3806503e-16   # g cm^2 / K s^2 
+      BOHR_MAGNETON   = 9.27400899e-20  # A cm^2 
+      NUCLEAR_MAGNETON = 5.05078317e-23 # A cm^2 
+      ELECTRON_MAGNETIC_MOMENT = 9.28476362e-20 # A cm^2 
+      PROTON_MAGNETIC_MOMENT = 1.410606633e-22  # A cm^2 
+      MOLAR_GAS       = 8.314472e7      # g cm^2 / K mol s^2 
+      STD_GAS_VOLUME  = 2.2710981e4 # cm^3 / mol 
+      MINUTE          = 6e1     # s 
+      HOUR            = 3.6e3   # s 
+      DAY             = 8.64e4  # s 
+      WEEK            = 6.048e5 # s 
+      INCH            = 2.54e0  # cm 
+      FOOT            = 3.048e1 # cm 
+      YARD            = 9.144e1 # cm 
+      MILE            = 1.609344e5 # cm 
+      NAUTICAL_MILE   = 1.852e5    # cm 
+      FATHOM          = 1.8288e2   # cm 
+      MIL             = 2.54e-3    # cm 
+      POINT           = 3.52777777778e-2 # cm 
+      TEXPOINT        = 3.51459803515e-2 # cm 
+      MICRON          = 1e-4    # cm 
+      ANGSTROM        = 1e-8    # cm 
+      HECTARE         = 1e8     # cm^2 
+      ACRE            = 4.04685642241e7 # cm^2 
+      BARN            = 1e-24   # cm^2 
+      LITER           = 1e3     # cm^3 
+      US_GALLON       = 3.78541178402e3 # cm^3 
+      QUART           = 9.46352946004e2 # cm^3 
+      PINT            = 4.73176473002e2 # cm^3 
+      CUP             = 2.36588236501e2 # cm^3 
+      FLUID_OUNCE     = 2.95735295626e1 # cm^3 
+      TABLESPOON      = 1.47867647813e1 # cm^3 
+      TEASPOON        = 4.92892159375e0 # cm^3 
+      CANADIAN_GALLON = 4.54609e3  # cm^3 
+      UK_GALLON       = 4.546092e3 # cm^3 
+      MILES_PER_HOUR  = 4.4704e1   # cm / s 
+      KILOMETERS_PER_HOUR = 2.77777777778e1 # cm / s 
+      KNOT            = 5.14444444444e1 # cm / s 
+      POUND_MASS      = 4.5359237e2    # g 
+      OUNCE_MASS      = 2.8349523125e1 # g 
+      TON             = 9.0718474e5    # g 
+      METRIC_TON      = 1e6     # g 
+      UK_TON          = 1.0160469088e6 # g 
+      TROY_OUNCE      = 3.1103475e1    # g 
+      CARAT           = 2e-1    # g 
+      UNIFIED_ATOMIC_MASS = 1.66053873e-24 # g 
+      GRAM_FORCE      = 9.80665e2          # cm g / s^2 
+      POUND_FORCE     = 4.44822161526e5    # cm g / s^2 
+      KILOPOUND_FORCE = 4.44822161526e8    # cm g / s^2 
+      POUNDAL         = 1.38255e4  # cm g / s^2 
+      CALORIE         = 4.1868e7   # g cm^2 / s^2 
+      BTU             = 1.05505585262e10 # g cm^2 / s^2 
+      THERM           = 1.05506e15 # g cm^2 / s^2 
+      HORSEPOWER      = 7.457e9    # g cm^2 / s^3 
+      BAR             = 1e6        # g / cm s^2 
+      STD_ATMOSPHERE  = 1.01325e6  # g / cm s^2 
+      TORR            = 1.33322368421e3  # g / cm s^2 
+      METER_OF_MERCURY = 1.33322368421e6 # g / cm s^2 
+      INCH_OF_MERCURY = 3.38638815789e4  # g / cm s^2 
+      INCH_OF_WATER   = 2.490889e3 # g / cm s^2 
+      PSI             = 6.89475729317e4 # g / cm s^2 
+      POISE           = 1e0      # g / cm s 
+      STOKES          = 1e0      # cm^2 / s 
+      FARADAY         = 9.6485341472e4  # A s / mol 
+      ELECTRON_CHARGE = 1.602176462e-19 # A s 
+      GAUSS           = 1e-1     # g / A s^2 
+      STILB           = 1e0      # cd / cm^2 
+      LUMEN           = 1e0      # cd sr 
+      LUX             = 1e-4     # cd sr / cm^2 
+      PHOT            = 1e0      # cd sr / cm^2 
+      FOOTCANDLE      = 1.076e-3 # cd sr / cm^2 
+      LAMBERT         = 1e0      # cd sr / cm^2 
+      FOOTLAMBERT     = 1.07639104e-3 # cd sr / cm^2 
+      CURIE           = 3.7e10   # 1 / s 
+      ROENTGEN        = 2.58e-7  # A s / g 
+      RAD             = 1e2      # cm^2 / s^2 
+      SOLAR_MASS      = 1.98892e33 # g 
+      BOHR_RADIUS     = 5.291772083e-9 # cm 
+      VACUUM_PERMITTIVITY = 8.854187817e-21 # A^2 s^4 / g cm^3 
+      NEWTON          = 1e5     # cm g / s^2 
+      DYNE            = 1e0     # cm g / s^2 
+      JOULE           = 1e7     # g cm^2 / s^2 
+      ERG             = 1e0     # g cm^2 / s^2 
+  
+  end
+
+end
+

data/lib/carat/coroutine.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+=begin rdoc
+
+= Coroutine
+
+Coroutines are program components like subroutines. Coroutines are more generic and flexible than subroutines,
+but are less widely used in practice. Coroutines were first introduced natively in Simula.
+Coroutines are well suited for implementing more familiar program components such as cooperative tasks,
+iterators, infinite lists, and pipes.
+
+== Example
+
+  count = (ARGV.shift || 1000).to_i
+  input = (1..count).map { (rand * 10000).round.to_f / 100}
+  Producer = Coroutine.new do |me|
+    loop do
+      1.upto(6) do
+        me[:last_input] = input.shift
+        me.resume(Printer)
+      end
+      input.shift # discard every seventh input number
+    end
+  end
+  Printer = Coroutine.new do |me|
+    loop do
+      1.upto(8) do
+        me.resume(Producer)
+        if Producer[:last_input]
+          print Producer[:last_input], "\t"
+          Producer[:last_input] = nil
+        end
+        me.resume(Controller)
+      end
+      puts
+    end
+  end
+  Controller = Coroutine.new do |me|
+    until input.empty? do
+      me.resume(Printer)
+    end
+  end
+  Controller.run
+  puts
+
+== Author
+
+* Florian Frank
+
+== History
+
+  $Id: coroutine.rb,v 1.0.0 2004/12/01 transami Exp $
+  
+=end
+
+class Coroutine
+  
+  VERSION = "1.0.0"
+    
+  def initialize(data = {})
+    @data = data
+    callcc do |@continue|
+      return
+    end
+    yield self
+    stop
+  end
+
+  attr_reader :stopped
+
+  def run
+    callcc do |@stopped|
+      continue
+    end
+  end
+
+  def stop
+    @stopped.call
+  end
+
+  def resume(other)
+    callcc do |@continue|
+      other.continue(self)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def continue(from = nil)
+    @stopped = from.stopped if not @stopped and from
+    @continue.call
+  end
+
+  def [](name)
+    @data[name]
+  end
+
+  def []=(name, value)
+    @data[name] = value
+  end
+
+  protected :stopped, :continue
+
+end
+
+