capybara 3.29.0 → 3.31.0

data/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_css_spec.rb

@@ -185,10 +185,10 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#has_css?' do
     end
 
     it 'should be false when content occurs more times than given' do
-      expect(@session).not_to have_css('h2.head', maximum: 4) # edge case
-      expect(@session).not_to have_css('h2', maximum: 3)
+      # expect(@session).not_to have_css('h2.head', maximum: 4) # edge case
+      # expect(@session).not_to have_css('h2', maximum: 3)
       expect(@session).not_to have_css('h2').at_most(3).times
-      expect(@session).not_to have_css('p', maximum: 1)
+      # expect(@session).not_to have_css('p', maximum: 1)
     end
 
     it 'should coerce maximum to an integer' do

data/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_select_spec.rb

@@ -117,6 +117,34 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#has_select?' do
     end
   end
 
+  context 'with enabled options' do
+    it 'should be true if the listed options exist and are enabled' do
+      expect(@session).to have_select('form_title', enabled_options: %w[Mr Mrs Miss])
+    end
+
+    it 'should be false if the listed options do not exist' do
+      expect(@session).not_to have_select('form_title', enabled_options: ['Not there'])
+    end
+
+    it 'should be false if the listed option exists but is not enabled' do
+      expect(@session).not_to have_select('form_title', enabled_options: %w[Mr Mrs Miss Other])
+    end
+  end
+
+  context 'with disabled options' do
+    it 'should be true if the listed options exist and are disabled' do
+      expect(@session).to have_select('form_title', disabled_options: ['Other'])
+    end
+
+    it 'should be false if the listed options do not exist' do
+      expect(@session).not_to have_select('form_title', disabled_options: ['Not there'])
+    end
+
+    it 'should be false if the listed option exists but is not disabled' do
+      expect(@session).not_to have_select('form_title', disabled_options: %w[Other Mrs])
+    end
+  end
+
   context 'with partial options' do
     it 'should be true if a field with the given partial options is on the page' do
       expect(@session).to have_select('Region', with_options: %w[Norway Sweden])

data/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_table_spec.rb

@@ -143,10 +143,56 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#has_no_table?' do
      ])
   end
 
-  it 'should consider columns' do
-    expect(@session).to have_no_table('Vertical Headers', with_cols:
-      [
-        { 'First Name' => 'Joe' }
-      ])
+  context 'using :with_cols' do
+    it 'should consider a single column' do
+      expect(@session).to have_no_table('Vertical Headers', with_cols:
+        [
+          { 'First Name' => 'Joe' }
+        ])
+    end
+
+    it 'should be true even if the last column does exist' do
+      expect(@session).to have_no_table('Vertical Headers', with_cols:
+        [
+          {
+            'First Name' => 'What?',
+            'What?' => 'Walpole',
+            'City' => 'Oceanside' # This line makes the example fail
+          }
+        ])
+    end
+
+    it 'should be true if none of the columns exist' do
+      expect(@session).to have_no_table('Vertical Headers', with_cols:
+        [
+          {
+            'First Name' => 'What?',
+            'What?' => 'Walpole',
+            'City' => 'What?'
+          }
+        ])
+    end
+
+    it 'should be true if the first column does match' do
+      expect(@session).to have_no_table('Vertical Headers', with_cols:
+        [
+          {
+            'First Name' => 'Thomas',
+            'Last Name' => 'What',
+            'City' => 'What'
+          }
+        ])
+    end
+
+    it 'should be true if none of the columns match' do
+      expect(@session).to have_no_table('Vertical Headers', with_cols:
+        [
+          {
+            'First Name' => 'What',
+            'Last Name' => 'What',
+            'City' => 'What'
+          }
+        ])
+    end
   end
 end

data/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_text_spec.rb

@@ -111,6 +111,41 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#has_text?' do
     expect(@session).not_to have_text(/xxxxyzzz/)
   end
 
+  context 'with object implementing to_s and to_hash' do
+    it 'should work if the object is passed alone' do
+      with_to_hash = Class.new do
+        def to_s; '42' end
+        def to_hash; { value: 'Other hash' } end
+      end.new
+      @session.visit('/with_html')
+      expect(@session).to have_text(with_to_hash)
+    end
+
+    it 'should work if passed with empty options' do
+      with_to_hash = Class.new do
+        def to_s; '42' end
+        def to_hash; { value: 'Other hash' } end
+      end.new
+      @session.visit('/with_html')
+      if RUBY_VERSION >= '2.7'
+        expect(@session).to have_text(:visible, with_to_hash, **{})
+      else
+        expect(@session).to have_text(:visible, with_to_hash, {})
+      end
+    end
+
+    it 'should fail if passed without empty options' do
+      with_to_hash = Class.new do
+        def to_s; '42' end
+        def to_hash; { blah: 'Other hash' } end
+      end.new
+      @session.visit('/with_html')
+      expect do
+        expect(@session).to have_text(:visible, with_to_hash)
+      end.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+    end
+  end
+
   context 'with exact: true option' do
     it 'should be true if text matches exactly' do
       @session.visit('/with_html')

data/lib/capybara/spec/session/node_spec.rb

@@ -270,11 +270,11 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec 'node' do
     end
 
     it 'works when details is toggled open and closed' do
-      @session.find(:css, '#closed_details').click
+      @session.find(:css, '#closed_details > summary').click
       expect(@session).to have_css('#closed_details *', visible: true, count: 5)
         .and(have_no_css('#closed_details *', visible: :hidden))
 
-      @session.find(:css, '#closed_details').click
+      @session.find(:css, '#closed_details > summary').click
       descendants_css = '#closed_details > *:not(summary), #closed_details > *:not(summary) *'
       expect(@session).to have_no_css(descendants_css, visible: true)
         .and(have_css(descendants_css, visible: :hidden, count: 3))
@@ -468,6 +468,50 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec 'node' do
       end
     end
 
+    it 'should simulate a single held down modifier key' do
+      %I[
+        alt
+        ctrl
+        meta
+        shift
+      ].each do |modifier_key|
+        @session.visit('/with_js')
+
+        element = @session.find('//div[@id="drag"]')
+        target = @session.find('//div[@id="drop"]')
+
+        element.drag_to(target, drop_modifiers: modifier_key)
+        expect(@session).to have_css('div.drag_start', exact_text: 'Dragged!')
+        expect(@session).to have_xpath("//div[contains(., 'Dropped!-#{modifier_key}')]")
+      end
+    end
+
+    it 'should simulate multiple held down modifier keys' do
+      @session.visit('/with_js')
+
+      element = @session.find('//div[@id="drag"]')
+      target = @session.find('//div[@id="drop"]')
+
+      modifier_keys = %I[alt ctrl meta shift]
+
+      element.drag_to(target, drop_modifiers: modifier_keys)
+      expect(@session).to have_xpath("//div[contains(., 'Dropped!-#{modifier_keys.join('-')}')]")
+    end
+
+    it 'should support key aliases' do
+      { control: :ctrl,
+        command: :meta,
+        cmd: :meta }.each do |(key_alias, key)|
+        @session.visit('/with_js')
+
+        element = @session.find('//div[@id="drag"]')
+        target = @session.find('//div[@id="drop"]')
+
+        element.drag_to(target, drop_modifiers: [key_alias])
+        expect(target).to have_text("Dropped!-#{key}", exact: true)
+      end
+    end
+
     context 'HTML5', requires: %i[js html5_drag] do
       it 'should HTML5 drag and drop an object' do
         @session.visit('/with_js')
@@ -493,6 +537,26 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec 'node' do
         expect(@session).to have_css('div.log', text: /DragOver with client position: [1-9]\d*,[1-9]\d*/, count: 2)
       end
 
+      it 'should preserve clientX/Y from last dragover event' do
+        @session.visit('/with_js')
+        element = @session.find('//div[@id="drag_html5"]')
+        target = @session.find('//div[@id="drop_html5"]')
+        element.drag_to(target)
+
+        conditions = %w[DragLeave Drop DragEnd].map do |text|
+          have_css('div.log', text: text)
+        end
+        expect(@session).to(conditions.reduce { |memo, cond| memo.and(cond) })
+
+        # The first "DragOver" div is inserted by the last dragover event dispatched
+        drag_over_div = @session.first('//div[@class="log" and starts-with(text(), "DragOver")]')
+        position = drag_over_div.text.sub('DragOver ', '')
+
+        expect(@session).to have_css('div.log', text: /DragLeave #{position}/, count: 1)
+        expect(@session).to have_css('div.log', text: /Drop #{position}/, count: 1)
+        expect(@session).to have_css('div.log', text: /DragEnd #{position}/, count: 1)
+      end
+
       it 'should not HTML5 drag and drop on a non HTML5 drop element' do
         @session.visit('/with_js')
         element = @session.find('//div[@id="drag_html5"]')
@@ -536,6 +600,46 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec 'node' do
         source.drag_to target
         expect(@session).to have_xpath('//div[contains(., "HTML5 Dropped")]')
       end
+
+      it 'should simulate a single held down modifier key' do
+        %I[alt ctrl meta shift].each do |modifier_key|
+          @session.visit('/with_js')
+
+          element = @session.find('//div[@id="drag_html5"]')
+          target = @session.find('//div[@id="drop_html5"]')
+
+          element.drag_to(target, drop_modifiers: modifier_key)
+
+          expect(@session).to have_css('div.drag_start', exact_text: 'HTML5 Dragged!')
+          expect(@session).to have_xpath("//div[contains(., 'HTML5 Dropped string: text/plain drag_html5-#{modifier_key}')]")
+        end
+      end
+
+      it 'should simulate multiple held down modifier keys' do
+        @session.visit('/with_js')
+
+        element = @session.find('//div[@id="drag_html5"]')
+        target = @session.find('//div[@id="drop_html5"]')
+
+        modifier_keys = %I[alt ctrl meta shift]
+
+        element.drag_to(target, drop_modifiers: modifier_keys)
+        expect(@session).to have_xpath("//div[contains(., 'HTML5 Dropped string: text/plain drag_html5-#{modifier_keys.join('-')}')]")
+      end
+
+      it 'should support key aliases' do
+        { control: :ctrl,
+          command: :meta,
+          cmd: :meta }.each do |(key_alias, key)|
+          @session.visit('/with_js')
+
+          element = @session.find('//div[@id="drag_html5"]')
+          target = @session.find('//div[@id="drop_html5"]')
+
+          element.drag_to(target, drop_modifiers: [key_alias])
+          expect(target).to have_text(%r{^HTML5 Dropped string: text/plain drag_html5-#{key}$}m, exact: true)
+        end
+      end
     end
   end
 

data/lib/capybara/spec/session/save_and_open_screenshot_spec.rb

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#save_and_open_screenshot' do
     @session.save_and_open_screenshot
 
     expect(@session.driver).to have_received(:save_screenshot)
-      .with(expected_file_regex, {})
+      .with(expected_file_regex, any_args)
     expect(Launchy).to have_received(:open).with(expected_file_regex)
   end
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#save_and_open_screenshot' do
     @session.save_and_open_screenshot(custom_path)
 
     expect(@session.driver).to have_received(:save_screenshot)
-      .with(/#{custom_path}$/, {})
+      .with(/#{custom_path}$/, any_args)
     expect(Launchy).to have_received(:open).with(/#{custom_path}$/)
   end
 

data/lib/capybara/spec/session/save_screenshot_spec.rb

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#save_screenshot', requires: [:screenshot] do
     @session.save_screenshot
 
     regexp = Regexp.new(File.join(Dir.pwd, 'capybara-\d+\.png'))
-    expect(@session.driver).to have_received(:save_screenshot).with(regexp, {})
+    expect(@session.driver).to have_received(:save_screenshot).with(regexp, any_args)
   end
 
   it 'allows to specify another path' do
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#save_screenshot', requires: [:screenshot] do
     custom_path = 'screenshots/1.png'
     @session.save_screenshot(custom_path)
 
-    expect(@session.driver).to have_received(:save_screenshot).with(/#{custom_path}$/, {})
+    expect(@session.driver).to have_received(:save_screenshot).with(/#{custom_path}$/, any_args)
   end
 
   context 'with Capybara.save_path' do
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#save_screenshot', requires: [:screenshot] do
       @session.save_screenshot
 
       regexp = Regexp.new(File.join(alternative_path, 'capybara-\d+\.png'))
-      expect(@session.driver).to have_received(:save_screenshot).with(regexp, {})
+      expect(@session.driver).to have_received(:save_screenshot).with(regexp, any_args)
     end
 
     it 'relative paths are relative to save_path' do
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#save_screenshot', requires: [:screenshot] do
       custom_path = 'screenshots/2.png'
       @session.save_screenshot(custom_path)
 
-      expect(@session.driver).to have_received(:save_screenshot).with(File.expand_path(custom_path, alternative_path), {})
+      expect(@session.driver).to have_received(:save_screenshot).with(File.expand_path(custom_path, alternative_path), any_args)
     end
   end
 end

data/lib/capybara/spec/session/selectors_spec.rb

@@ -31,6 +31,11 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec Capybara::Selector do
       expect(@session.find(:label, for: input).text).to eq 'Nested Label'
     end
 
+    it 'finds a label from nested input using :for filter with element when no id on label' do
+      input = @session.find(:css, '#wrapper_label').find(:css, 'input')
+      expect(@session.find(:label, for: input).text).to eq 'Wrapper Label'
+    end
+
     it 'finds the label for an non-nested element when using :for filter' do
       select = @session.find(:id, 'form_other_title')
       expect(@session.find(:label, for: select)['for']).to eq 'form_other_title'
@@ -62,14 +67,22 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec Capybara::Selector do
       end
     end
 
-    it 'can find specifically by name' do
+    it 'can find specifically by name string' do
       expect(@session.find(:field, name: 'form[other_title]')['id']).to eq 'form_other_title'
     end
 
-    it 'can find specifically by placeholder' do
+    it 'can find specifically by name regex' do
+      expect(@session.find(:field, name: /form\[other_.*\]/)['id']).to eq 'form_other_title'
+    end
+
+    it 'can find specifically by placeholder string' do
       expect(@session.find(:field, placeholder: 'FirstName')['id']).to eq 'form_first_name'
     end
 
+    it 'can find specifically by placeholder regex' do
+      expect(@session.find(:field, placeholder: /FirstN.*/)['id']).to eq 'form_first_name'
+    end
+
     it 'can find by type' do
       expect(@session.find(:field, 'Confusion', type: 'checkbox')['id']).to eq 'confusion_checkbox'
       expect(@session.find(:field, 'Confusion', type: 'text')['id']).to eq 'confusion_text'

data/lib/capybara/spec/views/form.erb

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
       <option>Miss</option>
       <option disabled="disabled">Other</option>
     </select>
-    </p>
+  </p>
 
   <p>
     <label for="customer_name">Customer Name
@@ -62,6 +62,11 @@
     <input type="text" name="form[name]" value="John Smith" id="form_name"/>
   </p>
 
+  <p>
+    <label for="form_age">Age</label>
+    <input type="range" name="form[age]" value="18" min="13" max="100" step="0.5" id="form_age"/>
+  </p>
+
   <p>
     <label for="form_schmooo">Schmooo</label>
     <input type="schmooo" name="form[schmooo]" value="This is Schmooo!" id="form_schmooo"/>
@@ -474,6 +479,11 @@ New line after and before textarea tag
   <input type="text" name="nested_label" id="nested_label"/>
 </label>
 
+<label id="wrapper_label">
+  Wrapper Label
+  <input type="checkbox"/>
+</label>
+
 <form id="form1" action="/form" method="post">
   <input type="text" name="form[which_form]" value="form1" id="form_which_form"/>
   <input type="text" name="form[for_form2]" value="for_form2" form="form2"/>

data/lib/capybara/version.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Capybara
-  VERSION = '3.29.0'
+  VERSION = '3.31.0'
 end

data/spec/dsl_spec.rb

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ RSpec.describe Capybara::DSL do
       driver_before_block = Capybara.current_driver
       begin
         Capybara.using_driver(:selenium) { raise 'ohnoes!' }
-      rescue Exception # rubocop:disable Lint/RescueException,Lint/HandleExceptions
+      rescue Exception # rubocop:disable Lint/RescueException,Lint/SuppressedException
       end
       expect(Capybara.current_driver).to eq(driver_before_block)
     end
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ RSpec.describe Capybara::DSL do
         Capybara.using_session(:raise) do
           raise
         end
-      rescue Exception # rubocop:disable Lint/RescueException,Lint/HandleExceptions
+      rescue Exception # rubocop:disable Lint/RescueException,Lint/SuppressedException
       end
       expect(Capybara.session_name).to eq(:default)
     end

data/spec/minitest_spec_spec.rb

@@ -17,125 +17,125 @@ class MinitestSpecTest < Minitest::Spec
   end
 
   it 'supports text expectations' do
-    page.must_have_text('Form', minimum: 1)
-    page.wont_have_text('Not a form')
+    _(page).must_have_text('Form', minimum: 1)
+    _(page).wont_have_text('Not a form')
     form = find(:css, 'form', text: 'Title')
-    form.must_have_text('Customer Email')
-    form.wont_have_text('Some other email')
+    _(form).must_have_text('Customer Email')
+    _(form).wont_have_text('Some other email')
   end
 
   it 'supports current_path expectations' do
-    page.must_have_current_path('/form')
-    page.wont_have_current_path('/form2')
+    _(page).must_have_current_path('/form')
+    _(page).wont_have_current_path('/form2')
   end
 
   it 'supports title expectations' do
     visit('/with_title')
-    page.must_have_title('Test Title')
-    page.wont_have_title('Not the title')
+    _(page).must_have_title('Test Title')
+    _(page).wont_have_title('Not the title')
   end
 
   it 'supports xpath expectations' do
-    page.must_have_xpath('.//input[@id="customer_email"]')
-    page.wont_have_xpath('.//select[@id="not_form_title"]')
-    page.wont_have_xpath('.//input[@id="customer_email"]') { |el| el[:id] == 'not_customer_email' }
+    _(page).must_have_xpath('.//input[@id="customer_email"]')
+    _(page).wont_have_xpath('.//select[@id="not_form_title"]')
+    _(page).wont_have_xpath('.//input[@id="customer_email"]') { |el| el[:id] == 'not_customer_email' }
     select = find(:select, 'form_title')
-    select.must_have_xpath('.//option[@class="title"]')
-    select.must_have_xpath('.//option', count: 1) { |option| option[:class] != 'title' && !option.disabled? }
-    select.wont_have_xpath('.//input[@id="customer_email"]')
+    _(select).must_have_xpath('.//option[@class="title"]')
+    _(select).must_have_xpath('.//option', count: 1) { |option| option[:class] != 'title' && !option.disabled? }
+    _(select).wont_have_xpath('.//input[@id="customer_email"]')
   end
 
   it 'support css expectations' do
-    page.must_have_css('input#customer_email')
-    page.wont_have_css('select#not_form_title')
+    _(page).must_have_css('input#customer_email')
+    _(page).wont_have_css('select#not_form_title')
     el = find(:select, 'form_title')
-    el.must_have_css('option.title')
-    el.wont_have_css('input#customer_email')
+    _(el).must_have_css('option.title')
+    _(el).wont_have_css('input#customer_email')
   end
 
   it 'supports link expectations' do
     visit('/with_html')
-    page.must_have_link('A link')
-    page.wont_have_link('Not on page')
+    _(page).must_have_link('A link')
+    _(page).wont_have_link('Not on page')
   end
 
   it 'supports button expectations' do
-    page.must_have_button('fresh_btn')
-    page.wont_have_button('not_btn')
+    _(page).must_have_button('fresh_btn')
+    _(page).wont_have_button('not_btn')
   end
 
   it 'supports field expectations' do
-    page.must_have_field('customer_email')
-    page.wont_have_field('not_on_the_form')
+    _(page).must_have_field('customer_email')
+    _(page).wont_have_field('not_on_the_form')
   end
 
   it 'supports select expectations' do
-    page.must_have_select('form_title')
-    page.wont_have_select('not_form_title')
+    _(page).must_have_select('form_title')
+    _(page).wont_have_select('not_form_title')
   end
 
   it 'supports checked_field expectations' do
-    page.must_have_checked_field('form_pets_dog')
-    page.wont_have_checked_field('form_pets_cat')
+    _(page).must_have_checked_field('form_pets_dog')
+    _(page).wont_have_checked_field('form_pets_cat')
   end
 
   it 'supports unchecked_field expectations' do
-    page.must_have_unchecked_field('form_pets_cat')
-    page.wont_have_unchecked_field('form_pets_dog')
+    _(page).must_have_unchecked_field('form_pets_cat')
+    _(page).wont_have_unchecked_field('form_pets_dog')
   end
 
   it 'supports table expectations' do
     visit('/tables')
-    page.must_have_table('agent_table')
-    page.wont_have_table('not_on_form')
+    _(page).must_have_table('agent_table')
+    _(page).wont_have_table('not_on_form')
   end
 
   it 'supports all_of_selectors expectations' do
-    page.must_have_all_of_selectors(:css, 'select#form_other_title', 'input#form_last_name')
+    _(page).must_have_all_of_selectors(:css, 'select#form_other_title', 'input#form_last_name')
   end
 
   it 'supports none_of_selectors expectations' do
-    page.must_have_none_of_selectors(:css, 'input#not_on_page', 'input#also_not_on_page')
+    _(page).must_have_none_of_selectors(:css, 'input#not_on_page', 'input#also_not_on_page')
   end
 
   it 'supports any_of_selectors expectations' do
-    page.must_have_any_of_selectors(:css, 'select#form_other_title', 'input#not_on_page')
+    _(page).must_have_any_of_selectors(:css, 'select#form_other_title', 'input#not_on_page')
   end
 
   it 'supports match_selector expectations' do
-    find(:field, 'customer_email').must_match_selector(:field, 'customer_email')
-    find(:select, 'form_title').wont_match_selector(:field, 'customer_email')
+    _(find(:field, 'customer_email')).must_match_selector(:field, 'customer_email')
+    _(find(:select, 'form_title')).wont_match_selector(:field, 'customer_email')
   end
 
   it 'supports match_css expectations' do
-    find(:select, 'form_title').must_match_css('select#form_title')
-    find(:select, 'form_title').wont_match_css('select#form_other_title')
+    _(find(:select, 'form_title')).must_match_css('select#form_title')
+    _(find(:select, 'form_title')).wont_match_css('select#form_other_title')
   end
 
   it 'supports match_xpath expectations' do
-    find(:select, 'form_title').must_match_xpath('.//select[@id="form_title"]')
-    find(:select, 'form_title').wont_match_xpath('.//select[@id="not_on_page"]')
+    _(find(:select, 'form_title')).must_match_xpath('.//select[@id="form_title"]')
+    _(find(:select, 'form_title')).wont_match_xpath('.//select[@id="not_on_page"]')
   end
 
   it 'handles failures' do
-    page.must_have_select('non_existing_form_title')
+    _(page).must_have_select('non_existing_form_title')
   end
 
   it 'supports style expectations' do
     skip "Rack test doesn't support style" if Capybara.current_driver == :rack_test
     visit('/with_html')
-    find(:css, '#second').must_have_style('display' => 'inline') # deprecated
-    find(:css, '#second').must_match_style('display' => 'inline')
+    _(find(:css, '#second')).must_have_style('display' => 'inline') # deprecated
+    _(find(:css, '#second')).must_match_style('display' => 'inline')
   end
 
   it 'supports ancestor expectations' do
     option = find(:option, 'Finnish')
-    option.must_have_ancestor(:css, '#form_locale')
+    _(option).must_have_ancestor(:css, '#form_locale')
   end
 
   it 'supports sibling expectations' do
     option = find(:css, '#form_title').find(:option, 'Mrs')
-    option.must_have_sibling(:option, 'Mr')
+    _(option).must_have_sibling(:option, 'Mr')
   end
 end